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GOLDMAN, STEFANIE ANN. "ARIZONA YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP AWARD PROGRAM NATIONAL AND LOCAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRENDS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190454.
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Bichara, Doudoua Hadje Koubra. "Barriers to youth entrepreneurship in N'Djamena, Chad." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3009.
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Thesis (MTech (Entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020Entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged as an effective means of reducing poverty, creating employment, and promoting economic empowerment at the individual, family, and community levels. Although the country is endowed with abundant natural resources, rates of unemployment among the youth of Chad remain alarmingly high. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors which militate against the youth engaging in entrepreneurial activities in N’Djamena, the capital city of Chad. A random sample 150 young Chadian entrepreneurs was selected from a research population which comprised all of the young entrepreneurs in N’Djamena who were registered on the databases of the FONAJ, a national fund which provides financial support to young entrepreneurs in Chad, and the Trade and Personal Property Credit Register (TPPCR) of Chad. The sample size was calculated according to a formula which is widely acknowledged as being appropriate for quantitative studies and 110 potential respondents to the survey questionnaire from which the data were obtained were selected from the former database and 40 from the latter. A letter of consent was obtained from the Ministry of Culture, Youth, and Sports to collect data in N’Djamena and the researcher provided an assurance that all of the information which the participants provided would be treated as strictly confidential and that the participants would remain anonymous. The findings of the study revealed that young entrepreneurs in Chad were faced with obstacles such as a lack of funding, a lack of support from the government for SMEs, and lack of encouragement and financial support from their families. Although there are programmes to assist young entrepreneurs, it was evident from the findings that many experience great difficulty in ensuring the success and sustainability of their businesses. Consequently, they still require additional support with respect to funding, equipment, and assistance and encouragement from their families, financial institutions, and the government, in order to achieve success in their businesses. The thesis concludes with appropriate recommendations for both the government and the young entrepreneurs of N’Djamena to provide relevant insights into how the youth can best be integrated into the entrepreneurial sector in the interests of combating unemployment and enabling them to make a meaningful contribution to the growth of the national economy.
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Potwana, Viwe. "Youth entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation in Kentane." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19850.
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The goal of this research was to explore the experiences of the youth in Kentane with respect to the role that a entrepreneurship plays in alleviation poverty, with the intention to enhance recommendations to the local municipality, the private sector and governmental departments. The study focused on entrepreneurship as one of the strategies that is deemed capable of reducing poverty and increasing economic growth. A qualitative research approach was used to explore the experiences of the entrepreneurial youth, where permission was attained from the youth prior to the commencement of the study. Purposive sampling was utilised to recruit participants and data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using steps outlined in Creswell (2003). Five main themes were identified during data analysis where the main finding was that there was a lack of knowledge and resources to broaden the scope of youth based businesses in the area. Another major finding from this study was the introduction and imposition of haphazard short-term projects aimed at alleviating poverty that often failed as they did not address the needs specific to the community. Youth of Kentane are dedicated as entrepreneurs; however, they need the collaboration of interested parties and stakeholders to realise their respective potentials. Developmental and training programmes are crucial to assist the entrepreneurial youth of Kentane.
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Almethen, Abdullah K. M. K. "Exposing institutional influences on entrepreneurship among Kuwaiti youth." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16046.
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This research focuses on the influence of institutions on entrepreneurship among Kuwaiti youth. It aims to capture the role played by institutions on youth entrepreneurship at the backdrop of a dampening ‘spirit’ for it. This research is currently very important due to various economic and geo-political factors leading to an economic downturn, which has led to the need for entrepreneurial ventures. It reviews and consolidates concepts and factors purported to facilitate and increase entrepreneurship for the benefit of the society and economy of Kuwait. This research uses a social constructionist approach to make sense of how institutions influence Kuwaiti youth in their quest to become entrepreneurs. It exposes institutional endorsement and legitimacy from formal and informal institutions. It shows the use of regulative, normative and cognitive dimensions and influences on entrepreneurial intentions and actions. This research shows how institutions interact with Kuwaiti youth and what role they play in the formulation of intentions and actions concerning entrepreneurship. A number of key formal and informal institutions have come to the fore that influence one another (in)directly as living entities, and likewise influence the youth (in)directly. The research contribution also shows that young people have to approach some key institutions and in return their desire to become entrepreneurs is strengthened or weakened depending on how institutions respond and what role they are willing to play in their lives.
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Al-Khalqi, Noha F. "Social Entrepreneurship in Yemen: A Yemeni Youth Perspective." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1502125331858313.
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Beeka, Beem Hassana. "Entrepreneurship as a viable career choice for Nigerian youth." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19336/.
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This thesis investigates the career experiences of forty entrepreneurs who all started businesses under the age of 35. It contributes to knowledge by generating a conceptual model for the entrepreneurial career, opportunity identification and development process. This inductive study based upon narratives generates affective, behavioural, cognitive and discursive understanding to assert that entrepreneurship is an experience, an employment choice and a viable career option for the young. This research learns what facilitates entrepreneurship can be explained in three main concepts the trigger, precondition and core-processes. The trigger theory demonstrates that entrepreneurial alertness is bilateral; the career triggers are intentions, motivation, anchors and employment drivers, while opportunity triggers include the origins and nature of opportunity gaps. The preconditions theory shows enterprise is supported by antecedent circumstantial factors of genetics and nurture, including personality characteristics, social networks, and knowledge. The core process theory elucidates that career development occurs through identity legitimacy, managing failure, dilemmas, results and psychological satisfaction. Furthermore, opportunity development occurs through making judgmental and heuristic decisions, learning and having an operational strategy whilst responding to milieu changes. These three stages represent the entrepreneurial career and opportunity lifecycle. This thesis provides an original perspective into functional entrepreneurship, and gives voice to the career advances and sustainable opportunities of Nigerian youth entrepreneurs. The conceptual model explains the lived dimensions of entrepreneurial triggers, preconditions and core processes in practice and provides implications for young entrepreneurs, practice, policy and further research.
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Nwosu, Mike Chike. "Youth Entrepreneurship Among University Graduates in Anambra State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6637.
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Nigerian policy is inconsistent with regard to the promotion of entrepreneurship among young adults in Anambra State that would serve as a guide to becoming self-employed. Most young adults in Anambra State lack information on entrepreneurial characteristics to become self-employed. The issues confronting Anambra State as a result of youth unemployment include increase in crime rate, drug abuse, kidnapping, and suicide rate. Guided by the human capital theory, the purpose of this case study was to explore the entrepreneurship strategies that young adults in Anambra State needed to become self-employed after graduating from universities. Twenty youth entrepreneurs participated in the individual interviews, 5 participated in a focus group, and 5 policymakers participated in another individual interview. Data were coded and analyzed using Yin's 5 step procedure involving compiling, assembling, analysing, dissembling and repeating the entire process three times until the themes emerged. The emerging themes were mentorship, vocational training, and ad-hoc programs. These findings revealed that youth who participated in these programs (mentorship, vocational training and ad-hoc) obtained entrepreneurial strategies and consequently ran more profitable enterprises than those who did not. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to policymakers to expand the mentoring program among young adults and introduce vocational education that could enhance employment rate, thereby improving the standard of living, and create educational programs for university students with the expectation that upon graduation they may be able to develop businesses that may lead to the creation of employment and empower young entrepreneurs towards national growth and development.
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Simuyandi, Bertha Miyanda. "Youth access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31259.
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Youth unemployment in Zambia is high. According to the Zambia Country Report (2013) by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), approximately 960,000 (16.7 %) of the almost 6 million youths in Zambia are unemployed. This has led to young people engaging in entrepreneurial activities as a means of survival. However, they are faced with difficulties in accessing empowerment funds for entrepreneurship. An exploratory study was conducted in the Lusaka Province of Zambia. The aim of the study was to explore successes and challenges faced by the youth in accessing empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used for the study. Sampling was done to select the youths that would take part in the quantitative survey. Sixty youths who applied for the empowerment funds were selected to take part in the survey which was done by questionnaire. The software ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences’ (SPSS) was used for the quantitative data analysis. A Purposive Sampling method was used because the selected youths and stakeholders were considered to be suitable to participate in the study. The sample size selected from the research population was 30. Twenty youths who applied for empowerment funds and 10 representatives of the stakeholders were interviewed. Semistructured interviews were used as data collection tools. For the qualitative data analysis, Tesch’s steps were used. The study found that several factors affect youth access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia. These factors could be divided into four groups: economic and financial, institutional, social and miscellaneous. The main economic and financial factors included unemployment and lack of income, lack of collateral, savings by the youth, bank charges and poor financial habits. The main institutional factors were found to be legal regulatory framework, poor policies and bureaucracy. The main social factors were lack of entrepreneurship education, skills training and non-existent youth services. Other factors were negative societal social and cultural perceptions, practices and attitudes, logistical issues and lack of information. The recommendations for access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship by youth in Zambia can be divided into five main categories, namely alternative funding sources, communication, financial, institutional and miscellaneous. The youths should seek other sources of money, disbursing agencies should use different mediums for disseminating information about empowerment funds, the government should strengthen disbursing agencies for provision of empowerment funds equitably, and there is a need for appropriate financial practices to be adopted by the youth. The study is exploratory and identifies the factors that affect the youth’s access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia. Further research should be done to assess attitudes of funders towards youth entrepreneurs so as to gauge whether access to financial interventions are effective or not. Further research is also needed to understand why youth entrepreneurs tend to shun certain entrepreneurial activities such as farming.
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Kline, Michaela. "Youth Entrepreneurship in Practice: A Comparative Case Study Analysis." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1430683124.
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Gwija, Saphetha Appie. "Challenges and prospects of youth entrepreneurship in Khayelitsha, Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1788.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Business Administration (Entrepreneurship)
in the Faculty of Business
at the
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014The world’s population continues to grow, while job creation opportunities shrink, particularly among young people. Youth unemployment is among key global challenges that may continue to persist for many years. Recently, the unemployment rate among youth in South Africa was estimated at 70 percent. This could mean that thousands and thousands of young people are living under poverty conditions in this country, which may result in a generation of poverty if this position remains unobserved. Interestingly, entrepreneurship has been adopted world over as a strategic approach to facilitate economic participation among youth. Their engagement in entrepreneurship helps them to achieve economic independence, increase their self-esteem, improve their standards of living, to reduce their dependence on state welfare and improve their emotional intelligence. At the same time, job creation opportunities and a decline in criminal activities as a result of unemployment, will ensure development of economic growth. Despite the above mentioned entrepreneurship benefits, youth in Khayelitsha, where this study is based, may be reluctant in pursuing careers in entrepreneurship, owing to inadequate entrepreneurship development services among them, which appear to the case. The objectives of this study were to find out specific factors that discourage the youth from pursuing entrepreneurship careers, to investigate particular challenges that inhibit expansion of their entrepreneurial ventures, and to describe specific prospects of youth entrepreneurship development in Khayelitsha. The current study adopted a descriptive research design. A quantitative empirical research approach was employed with the help of self-administered questionnaires. A sample of 132 subjects was randomly drawn from a population of 200 youth entrepreneurs who operate and are formally registered as SMMEs within various industries that are registered on the database of a local organisation known as Khayelitsha Youth In Business (KYIB), which promotes and develops entrepreneurship among youth in Khayelitsha. The data that was collected from participants of the current study was captured and analysed with the help of a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, based on 77 questionnaires that were returned. The findings were illustrated in tables, bars and pie charts, and the objectives of the study were achieved. It was found that it was not the case that young people in Khayelitsha do not want to pursue careers in entrepreneurship, but rather it was that youth entrepreneurship development is lacking in this community. The current study also revealed that a major factor that inhibits youth entrepreneurship development was the lack of awareness and inaccessibility of entrepreneurship support structures and initiatives in this community. Interestingly though, this hindrance does not appear to have a negative bearing on the identified growing enthusiasm of youth to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Overall, on the basis of the challenges and prospects revealed, recommendations to improve the current situation were made. This study is an applied research effort and its relevance is linked to the fact that it provides a rare insight into the state of youth entrepreneurship in a large but under-researched township community in the Western Cape. The findings and recommendations therefore bear far-reaching ramifications for all stakeholders who are concerned about developing youth entrepreneurship in this society.
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Agbai, Edward Perekebina. "Pathways to Entrepreneurship Training Towards Addressing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5153.
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The inadequacy of entrepreneurial knowledge among 21-25 year olds in Nigeria with recent undergraduate degrees has led to youth unemployment after graduating from universities. The development of entrepreneurship skills through entrepreneurship education programs for the students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria may bridge the unemployment gap. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to gain a robust common understanding of how undergraduates from 21-25 years old can obtain the entrepreneurial knowledge required for self-employment in Nigeria. Data collection involved semistructured interviews, field notes, and archived training documents, with a purposeful sample of 15 undergraduate degree holders over 21 years old, who had been self-employed, in different industries and possessed entrepreneurial knowledge and experiences. Using Yin's 5 step data analysis process, member checking, and triangulation resulted in the emergence of codes, themes, and categories. The key themes were knowledge of business management, identification of business opportunities, information from workshop and seminars, information from social media and customer service, information on innovation, and mentor and mentee relationship. The findings from this study provide the empirical evidence needed to support entrepreneurship education as well as insight on tertiary institutions' commitment to entrepreneurship education that may lead to the creation of employment and empowers entrepreneurs towards national growth and development. The implications for positive social change include reshaping the way undergraduates prepare for self-employment, leading to a reduction of unemployment among youths in Nigeria.
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Agbai, Edward. "Pathways to Entrepreneurship Training towards Addressing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10811606.
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The inadequacy of entrepreneurial knowledge among 21-25 year olds in Nigeria with recent undergraduate degrees has led to youth unemployment after graduating from universities. The development of entrepreneurship skills through entrepreneurship education programs for the students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria may bridge the unemployment gap. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to gain a robust common understanding of how undergraduates from 21-25 years old can obtain the entrepreneurial knowledge required for self-employment in Nigeria. Data collection involved semistructured interviews, field notes, and archived training documents, with a purposeful sample of 15 undergraduate degree holders over 21 years old, who had been self-employed, in different industries and possessed entrepreneurial knowledge and experiences. Using Yin’s 5 step data analysis process, member checking, and triangulation resulted in the emergence of codes, themes, and categories. The key themes were knowledge of business management, identification of business opportunities, information from workshop and seminars, information from social media and customer service, information on innovation, and mentor and mentee relationship. The findings from this study provide the empirical evidence needed to support entrepreneurship education as well as insight on tertiary institutions’ commitment to entrepreneurship education that may lead to the creation of employment and empowers entrepreneurs towards national growth and development. The implications for positive social change include reshaping the way undergraduates prepare for self-employment, leading to a reduction of unemployment among youths in Nigeria.
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Barnard, Juanita Marlyn. "An assessment of entrepreneurial intentions of secondary school learners in selected areas / J.M. Barnard." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8781.
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This study highlights the need for a youth entrepreneurship education program of value in South African secondary schools. It examines the enterprising tendencies of grade 12 learners in 10 secondary schools in the Lejweleputswa District of the Free State province, South Africa, using the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) test.
An investigation into the current status of entrepreneurship in South Africa revealed that there is a lack of entrepreneurs and not enough people who have the orientation and skills to create new businesses. This leads to a situation where the South African economy performs poorly and the recent financial crisis exuberated South Africa’s challenges in terms of poverty, unemployment and income inequality. In addition, youth unemployment has worsened as a result of the recession, because the youth lack the needed qualifications, experience and skills to compete for the few job opportunities in the labour market. Entrepreneurship and innovation are widely seen as key sources of renewed economic growth, creating jobs and advancing human welfare.
This study shows that the South African youth has a positive enterprising tendency. The ‘General Enterprising Tendency Questionnaire’, completed by 530 grade 12 learners was evaluated and learners scored within the average score, although at the lower end of the suggested average. When the questionnaire’s constructs are evaluated, learners scored below the suggested average score on ‘need for achievement’, ‘need for autonomy’, ‘creative tendency’ and ‘moderate/calculated risks’, but above the suggested average for ‘drive and determination’, but it can be conclude that learners shows a tendency to be entrepreneurial.
However, the study suggests that grade 12 learners in the Lejweleputswa sample have overrated expectations on the ‘drive and determination construct’. It appears that they do not have the propensity to be creative and have a low drive to be autonomous. The study also reveals that there are no practical significant differences between the mean values for the demographic variables school, age, gender, home language and ethnic group regarding the measured constructs.
Major shortfalls in the current education system are highlighted, including teachers with no previous knowledge of commercial subjects that are forced to teach entrepreneurship, most schools do not implement Economic and Management Science (EMS) as learning area and as from 2013, EMS will only be introduced to the curriculum in the Senior phase (grade 7 to 9). In addition, learners are not motivated to be creators of jobs, but to rather seek employment.
The study concludes that public schools in South Africa do not have the capacity to implement a successful program of youth entrepreneurship education. The involvement of Government, Department of Education, schools, teachers, parents, learners, entrepreneurs and organised business is needed to promote youth entrepreneurship in South Africa. The study expands on recommendations and presents a national strategy to enhance youth entrepreneurship in South African schools, but concludes that future research is needed.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Mohy-Ud-Din, Sahar Iqbal. "A process evaluation of the National Youth Development Agency’s grant programme with respect to the beneficiaries of the Western Cape for the period 2013-2014." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4204.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAYouth today are constantly faced with enormous challenges and are continually faced with job uncertainty and scarce opportunities with almost no means to personal growth. Faced with bleak future livelihood prospects, youth make up a large number of the world’s working poor. Inadequate youth education and lack of labour market preparation still pose challenges for South African youth. They face sizeable constraints to entrepreneurship such as a lack of entrepreneurship culture; lack of entrepreneurship knowledge through formal and informal education; relevant business development services, unsatisfactory business support and insufficient access to financing. Despite this, the extent of research on youth entrepreneurship in Africa is deficient, even non-existent in some contexts. In response to the alarming rate of youth unemployment, the South African government had embarked on realising some of the aspects of the National Youth Policy through youth empowerment via a number of interventions. The implementing agency of all youth development policies and interventions is the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA). The agency has rolled out a number of interventions to address various issues pertinent to the state of the youth in South Africa. However, the specific interventions this study addresses are those related to entrepreneurship, specifically the NYDA Grant programme. Under the Grant programme, a number of issues are addressed such as provision of physical capital, access to resources in the form of advice, guidance and mentorship made available by the National Youth Development Agency to the unemployed youth in the Western Cape. While many youth development programmes have been rolled out both around the world and in South Africa, very little monitoring and evaluation has been conducted in identifying which programmes are effective and sustainable in the long run. At the time of this research, limited information had been accessible with respect to the benefits of entrepreneurship development programmes in South Africa. This research is significant in the sense that it bridges the gaps in the literature on youth entrepreneurship interventions and practical interventions in the field. Furthermore, it provides a lens with which to determine whether they are indeed a sustainable way forward for unemployed youth. Therefore this study conducted a process evaluation using qualitative research methods in order to ascertain if the NYDA is efficiently and effectively executing its mandate with respect to the Grant programme. The research objectives of this study were 1) to conduct a process evaluation of the National Youth Development Agency’s Grant programme, 2) to develop a theoretical and legislative framework underpinning youth in South Africa, 3) to describe and analyse the NYDA’s Grant programme, 4) to highlight the opportunities and challenges that affect the current implementation of the Grant programme and 5) to present recommendations. The findings suggest that the Grant programme has been relevant, timely and useful to young aspiring entrepreneurs providing them with the necessary support through the provision of stock, physical capital and other business support services such as mandatory entrepreneurial training. Despite this, young entrepreneurs still face challenges in sustaining their businesses financially and struggle with establishing a physical space in which they can trade. A number of recommendations were made from the perspectives of the beneficiaries and the NYDA Cape Town Branch implementing staff, namely: increasing staff to improve the administration of the Grant Programme, increasing the grant turnaround time, providing recourse to further funding and physical space and uploading the grant application process onto the internet to save time and money for both beneficiaries and implementing staff.
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Carpenter, Janine. "Enabling a generation of social entrepreneurs: A study to establish if the practice of social entrepreneurship offers inclusive self-employment opportunities for disenfranchised South African youth." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30454.
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This study is concerned with contributing to solutions that address the problems of youth unemployment, inequality and poverty in South Africa, specifically among those youth who are being marginalised from participating equally in mainstream economic activities. It argues that financial and digital exclusion, as well as poor access to a quality education, are factors which are currently limiting these youths' economic potential and perpetuating a cycle of unemployment, inequality and poverty in South Africa. The literature and theory of social entrepreneurship presents a strong case to address unemployment, inequality and poverty, as well as to stimulate economic growth by creating new business and self-employment opportunities for the youth. This qualitative grounded theory study evaluates the theory of social entrepreneurship in practice, by comparing the theory to the lived realities of some disenfranchised youths in Cape Town. The study also provides an analysis of the systems of privilege and the dual economy that exist in South Africa. Through feedback received during interviews with a representative sample of the target group, the study offers new insights into the challenges faced when young people are seeking employment or want to start a business in the South African economy. Youth social entrepreneurship development and start-up incubation programmes arguably perform a critical function in facilitating inclusive economic participation among the youth. Developing new insights, concepts and recommendations to maximise these programmes' social impact is a critical function of this study, which ultimately hopes to contribute to the creation of more inclusive entrepreneurial opportunities for disadvantaged South African youth.
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April, Wilfred Isak. "An exploration of entrepreneurship potential among rural youth in Namibia : the Arandis village." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1459.
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Background: Entrepreneurship potential amongst rural Nama youth should be considered a courageous idea to enhance the motivation and development of the community. At independence in 1990, Namibia developed its own economic and youth policies which were drafted in alignment with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which address concerns about the role rural young people, can play in their own communities. Theoretical Background: This paper explores the role of indigenous entrepreneurship as it pertains to development amongst rural youth in Namibia. It considers the cultural context within which entrepreneurship takes place. To identify and understand the cultural context, the study draws upon the theoretical frameworks of Geert Hofstede, specifically his continuum of individualism/collectivism. The need to continually incorporate new aspects whilst consciously maintaining the traditional, reflects a key African concept, that of "Ubuntu" (unmuntu ngumutu ngabantu). Methodology: An empirical investigation of rural youth in Arandis village was conducted. To explore the significance of entrepreneurship, culture and the notion of Ubuntu in Africa, a comprehensive study of stakeholder views at both a community and national level was also carried out. These investigations were guided by questionnaires, in-depth interviews (supported by story-telling), playback national radio interviews, a panel discussion and a review of Namibian policy documents. Analysis of data also explored practical initiatives and possible forms of enterprise which could contribute to the creation of opportunity for youth in Arandis and in Namibia. Findings: The major findings of this thesis are that: entrepreneurship in Namibia is defined by participants and stakeholders as the efforts made by an individual in accumulating the necessary resources to benefit the community; rural young people in Arandis are potential entrepreneurs (illustrated, by the strong passion they showed to be role models in their community and their strong sense of cultural identity).
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Boshoma, Bathandekile. "A case analysis to explore black youth entrepreneurship support in eMalahleni, Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97314.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lack of jobs in South Africa and eMalahleni has caused many young people to seek their own job opportunities in the form of setting up their own business. Despite this, many young business people fail in their ventures due to low capital. In response to this, organisations such as the National Youth Development Agency have created support structures to support young business owners in their local area. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which the structures and programmes to support youth development – as far as entrepreneurship is concerned – help to cultivate the creation of businesses among the black youth in eMalahleni. Thirty participants who are young entrepreneurs (under 35 years) participated in interviews that helped to elucidate qualitative information about the support structures. They were asked how the support structures had helped them if they participated, or the reasons why they chose not to use the support structure. They were also asked to identify potential bottlenecks or issues with the support structures that may be preventing them from being fully accessible. The results showed that a lack of trust in the support structures, particularly those created by the National Youth Development Agency, was a major reason for non-participation or choice not to use. Additionally, many felt that the hierarchy and unwelcoming atmosphere of the support structures prevented young people from applying. Other reasons given were the fact that the support structures may not always be geographically accessible and the fact that staff members were not fully trained to be as helpful as possible. There are several ways in which these support structures could be improved that are detailed in this research document. The most important recommendation relates to ensuring that the red tape is removed to make the support structures more helpful to a larger number of young black entrepreneurs. Creating a more local atmosphere may also help the support structures to reach their full potential.
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Sheppard, Tina. "Means of survival : youth unemployment and entrepreneurial training in Newfoundland /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,165886.
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Chigunta, F. J. "An investigation into youth livelihoods and entrepreneurship in the urban informal sector in Zambia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440661.
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Bux, Sara. "The effect of entrepreneurship education programmes on the mind-set of South African youth." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60530.
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South Africa is currently experiencing a youth unemployment crisis. Xavier, Kelley, Kew, Herrington and Vorderwulbecke (2012) suggest that of greater concern is the inability of South Africa's formal sector to create jobs at the required rate to address issues of poverty reduction and job creation. An unemployment analysis and a segmentation of the general unemployment statistics indicated this to be a specific problem for the 15-24 age cohort not in employment, education or training (NEETs). Moreover, it is concerning to note that one in 12 young people have given up looking for work (QLFS 3: 2015).
As South Africa is a developing nation, it has a high rate of unemployment, resulting in many discouraged young job seekers. This issue has triggered the South African government's efforts to transform the country's youth unemployment crisis through the promotion of entrepreneurship. The critical question, however, is: How does South Africa change the mind-sets of its youth to venture into start-up business rather than to remain job seekers?
This research will build on that perspective by examining the systematic effort of developing entrepreneurial mind-set through the promotion of entrepreneurship education. This research will posit that there is value to systematising entrepreneurship education within the FET band of basic education provision as a means to developing the entrepreneurial mind-set which could potentially result in a shift in South African youth's perceptions of career aspirations.
To answer the three main research questions and the five primary and thirty secondary research hypotheses, the research aimed at a primary and secondary objective. The primary aim of this study was to conduct an assessment of entrepreneurship education programmes on participants in the grades 10 to 12, in the normative age group of 15 to 18. The primary objective was to describe the participants' experience of the entrepreneurship education programme (moderated by the programme duration) in the referred group in terms of their perceptions of self-efficacy, inner locus of control and need for achievement.
The secondary aim of this study was to conduct an assessment of entrepreneurship education programmes on participants in the grades 10 to 12, in the normative age group of 15 to 18. The secondary objective was to describe the participants' experience of the entrepreneurship education programmes in the referred group and the effect on their perceptions of self-efficacy, inner locus of control, need for achievement, entrepreneurial intentions and predictions of entrepreneurial activity.
The study adopted a quantitative approach and adopted the use of a Likert scale questionnaire. Of the 1 200 questionnaires distributed, 637 were usable for the short entrepreneurship education programme and 381 were usable for the long entrepreneurship education programme. The purposive sampling technique was adopted.
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the goodness-to-fit and the hypotheses developed for the study. The proposed model was modified and led to a competing model. Structural equation modelling (SEM), using AMOS, was adopted to analyse the data. The research adopted descriptive statistics to describe the demographic profile of the participants. Inferential statistics were used as well.
The research provided findings and conclusions on the participants' profile, the comparison of the short and long programme entrepreneurship education programmes and an overview of the hypotheses testing. Support was found for four of the five primary hypotheses and twenty-eight of the thirty secondary hypotheses.
The findings and conclusions would have contributed to theory and knowledge about the entrepreneurial mind-set of South African youth and to the body of knowledge on entrepreneurship education in South African high schools. The research also proposed recommendations and suggestions for further research in exploration of entrepreneurship education, the entrepreneurial mind-set and entrepreneurial intention in South Africa.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Business Management
PhD
Unrestricted
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Elstner, Manja, and Lovina Primadica. "Youth Employment and Income Generation : A field study in Ribáuè District, Mozambique." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36589.
Full textAbstract:
The African country of Mozambique has been undertaking a remarkable development process within the past. However, this has not been translated into a significantly decreasing poverty–or unemployment rate. Especially amongst young, the unemployment rate is quite high. Due to a high annual population growth and large amount of jobseekers every year, the economy is not able to create a corresponding number of jobs. The focus of this study is therefore to achieve a broader understanding of employment possibilities young people have. To foster a vast image of this situation, sectors such as education, agriculture and politics will be examined. This thesis is based on a qualitative field study carried out in Ribáuè, a district located in Nampula province, in the northern part of Mozambique. During the fieldwork, an ethnographic approach with semi–structured interviews mainly on a local level has been used to gather information. The (dis)empowerment model by Friedmann along with Sen’scapability approach and Lewis’ dual-sector model were used to analyse the data and clarify the problems described above.The study shows that young people in Ribáuè district are aware that they cannot depend on the government and should rather start to generate income through entrepreneurship. As young people are less interested in agriculture, the most common business that they are doing is to buy and sell consumer goods. However, one of the main obstacles when it comes to starting-up a business is the financial means. Moreover, there seems to be a crucial mismatch between the demand of the labour market and the knowledge provided by the education sector. Taking this into consideration, this study also highlights the importance of governmental efforts to empower the young people in general, not only in entrepreneurship, but in order to prepare them in every aspect of their lives.
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Омельченко, Е. Ю., and E. Y. Omelchenko. "Мотивация молодёжного предпринимательства в условиях современного мегаполиса : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/100788.
Full textAbstract:
Автором рассматриваются различные подходы к изучению предпринимательства, классифицируются типы мотивов предпринимателя. Доказывается высокий уровень потенциала молодёжного предпринимательства в мегаполисе, предопределяемый как характерными чертами молодежи, так и особенностями социально-экономической среды мегаполиса. Эмпирическое исследование было проведено в мегаполисе Челябинск с использованием статистических данных, методов глубинного интервью и количественного опроса предпринимателей. На основе анализа статистических данных делается вывод о том, что с 2018 г. и по настоящее время наблюдается негативная тенденция – снижение количества субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса. Результаты глубинных интервью показали, что предпринимателям свойственны характерные черты, позволяющие работать в условиях данной тенденции (позитивное мышление, стремление решать сложные задачи, интерес к социо-политическому контексту). Результаты количественного опроса показали доминирование «материальной» мотивации: подавляющее большинство опрошенных предпринимателей стремится с помощью бизнеса улучшить уровень жизни. Однако даже при условии сохранения дохода предприниматели не готовы перейти на наёмную работу, поскольку важными мотивами предпринимательской деятельности являются реализация творческого потенциала и ощущение независимости.The author examines various approaches to the study of entrepreneurship, classifies the types of entrepreneur's motives. The high level of potential of youth entrepreneurship in the metropolis is proved, which is predetermined by both the characteristic features of youth and the peculiarities of the socio-economic environment of the metropolis. An empirical study was conducted in Chelyabinsk using statistical data, in-depth interview methods and a quantitative survey of entrepreneurs. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is concluded that from 2018 to the present, there has been a negative trend - a decrease in the number of small and medium-sized businesses. The results of in-depth interviews showed that entrepreneurs have characteristic features that allow them to work in this conditions (positive thinking, the desire to solve complex problems, interest in the socio-political context). The results of the quantitative survey showed the dominance of “material” motivation: the overwhelming majority of the interviewed entrepreneurs strive to improve their living standards with the help of business. However, even if income is preserved, entrepreneurs are not ready to switch to hired work, since the realization of creative potential and a sense of independence are important motives for entrepreneurial activity.
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Lesea, Tsakane. "Utilising social entrepreneurship to facilitate the successful transition of foster youth to adulthood in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27287.
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Young people, emerging out of the foster care system, often struggle to become productive and self-sustainable adults in society. They are at high risk of being trapped in poverty and unemployment for their entire adult life because they are unable to make a successful transition out of the foster care system to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to explore how social entrepreneurship can be utilised to establish a developmental transitional service to facilitate the successful transition to adulthood of youth in foster care. The research participants were purposefully selected and comprised social workers and foster youths based in the township and the former homelands of the Free State. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and focus groups and was analysed using content analysis. The study found that the current model of the foster care system is not designed to facilitate and support foster youth to make a successful transition to adulthood. This may be ascribed to the following: ● The legislative requirements imposed on this population group, ● The lack of preparatory transition services and ● The limited capacity of social workers to address the needs and challenges of foster youth. The study concludes that intervention is needed in the foster care system to prepare, equip and support foster youth to become productive and self-sustainable citizens. Through the application of the social entrepreneurship framework, this study demonstrates how existing resources and new actors can be leveraged to provide a developmental transitional service that will serve to promote the resilience of youth in foster care and assist them to break the cycle of poverty.
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Vorevičienė, Jurgita. "Jaunimo verslumo praktinių gebėjimų ugdymas Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130808_114727-56841.
Full textAbstract:
Jaunimo verslumo praktinių gebėjimų ugdymas yra ypač reikšmingas ir aktualus keičiantis ekonomikai, darbo santykiams ir būdams sėkmingai įsitvirtinti gyvenime. Todėl verslumo ugdymas yra itin reikšmingas formuojant tinkamus gebėjimus būsimai veiklai. Verslumą drąsiai galime priskirti prie įgimtų ir įgytų asmens savybių, tokių kaip tikėjimas savo sėkme, užsibrėžtų tikslų siekimas, noras būti nepriklausomu, kūrybingu, veržliu ir ryžtingu visose gyvenimo situacijose. Šie gebėjimai ypač reikalingi verslininkams. Tačiau jie taip pat reikalingi kiekvienam, kad būtų galima sėkmingai veikti konkurencinėje darbo rinkoje, stengiantis išlaikyti turimą darbo vietą, susikuriant savo verslą.The development of youth entrepreneurship practical skills is especially important and relevant to economic transformation, labor relations and ways to be successful in life. Therefore, entrepreneurship education is extremely important in forming the necessary skills for future work. Entrepreneurship can be certainly attributed to a person’s inborn and acquired characteristics, such as belief in their own success, the pursuit of goals, and the desire to be independent, creative, persistent and determined in all situations of life; these skills are especially required for entrepreneurs. However, they are also necessary for every person to be able to work successfully in a competitive labor market, trying to retain their present jobs or creating their own business.
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Steenekamp, André Gerard. "An assessment of the impact of entrepreneurship training on the youth in South Africa / A.G. Steenekamp." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9698.
Full textAbstract:
At the bottom tip of the African continent lies South Africa – the economic powerhouse of the continent complimented by its rainbow nation with a myriad of cultures and even more opportunities, but an equal number of pressing challenges: Poverty, inequality, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, a shortage of skilled people (or rather a surplus of unskilled people), poor quality of basic education, unemployment, and of particular importance for this study, youth unemployment.
In September 2011 more than 1.3 million young South Africans aged 15 to 24 years were unemployed, and 1.85 million aged 25 to 34 years were without jobs. Combined these figures represented 71 percent of total unemployment in the third quarter of 2011. As a result, the problem statement central to this study is the expectation that the poor quality of general (basic) education and the lack of purposive entrepreneurship education and training in South African schools will continue to contribute towards high levels of youth unemployment and poverty, as well as the proliferation of dysfunctional communities and increased levels of state dependency among a large part of the country’s population.
This study set out in search of answers – answers to questions regarding the impact of entrepreneurship training on the youth in South Africa as the primary objective and the potential for entrepreneurship to serve as the panacea for many of the country’s ills. The end result is a rendering of more than three years of intensive research culminating in valid conclusions and practical, attainable recommendations to promote entrepreneurial activity in the country.
The study examines the theories and definitions of entrepreneurship and concludes that entrepreneurship is a combination of opportunity and risk in the presence of extraordinary levels of ‘want’ (desire) to promote self-interest, whether it being monetary reward or the attainment of personal fulfilment, as the main motivational factor driving entrepreneurial behaviour (Schumpeterian theory).
The contemporary challenges facing South Africa are expounded to create a platform for the presentment of entrepreneurship as the ‘magical genie’, captured in the ‘bottle’ that is mainly the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector in the country, and capable of redressing many of the country’s ills by empowering the youth to take both charge of and responsibility for their own future.
The concomitant discussion shows that the ‘genie’ is held firmly in the confines of its ‘bottle’ by barriers obstructing the free flow of an enterprising spirit, confirming that the release of an enterprising spirit among South Africans faces many obstacles to be overcome before the ‘genie’ can be released successfully to work its ‘magic’.
The concept of entrepreneurship education is examined to determine whether it is a reality or a myth. The discussion concludes that entrepreneurship is indeed a learnt phenomenon – it can be taught successfully. It is put forward that it can only be deemed a reality to the extent in which measurable evidence of its positive impact on learners exists. This conclusion sets the tone for the empirical research in later chapters by questioning the capacity for effective entrepreneurship education in South Africa.
The empirical research conducted for this study includes a pilot study and a national main study focused on examining the impact of entrepreneurship training on young learners in South African secondary schools. It is based upon the attitudinal and intentional approaches to entrepreneurship research and employs six validated entrepreneurship surveys suitable for use with young individuals to respectively measure entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, general enterprising tendencies, subjective personal wellbeing, adaptive cognition and innovation skills.
A total of 342 learners from secondary schools in the Harrismith region (Free State province) participated in the pilot study, followed by 898 respondents in the pre-testing phase and 751 in the post test phase of the AEG-3 main study and 910 respondents in the pre-testing phase and 749 in the post test phase of the PMY-3 main study. Participants in the main study originated from seven of the nine provinces of South Africa and were mainly female black Africans aged 15 to 17 years attending grades 10 and 11 at secondary schools.
The datasets gathered from both the AEG-3 and PMY-3 studies were subjected to extensive statistical analyses by Statistical Consultation Services of the North-West University (Potchefstroom campus). The results lead to the conclusion that the Mini-Enterprise Programme (MEP) of Junior Achievement South Africa (JASA) did not have any visible or practically significant impact on the entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, subjective personal wellbeing, adaptive cognition and innovation skills of learners in either of the two samples examined in the empirical research project.
This conclusion reaffirms the challenges and barriers associated with releasing the spirit of enterprise among the South African youth. Although entrepreneurship can be taught effectively, it is dependent on long-term strategies providing adequate support to learners with the attitude and aptitude to become competent entrepreneurs, as well as suitable methods for continuous assessment and improvement. It further demands entrepreneurial learning enhanced by an extended period of deliberate practice (the ‘Eureka’-factor proposed in this study) flowing from ‘want’ (desire) on the part of the learner to have any chance of being truly effective.
The study concludes that content and methodology borrowed from other countries may not be suited for the South African context. This conclusion exclaims the need for purposive South African entrepreneurship education and training programmes assessed with purposive South African entrepreneurship measuring scales.
These conclusions are subsequently used to formulate practical and attainable recommendations for the promotion of effective youth entrepreneurship education and training in the country, including the need to get rid of high expectations, to never give up, stricter selection of learners for enrolment in entrepreneurship education and training programmes (other than those included in basic education), the need for continuous research, embracing the ‘power of one’, and finally, adopting an entrepreneurial solution for what is evidently an entrepreneurial problem.
The outcome of this study brings forward the message that the challenge in South Africa is to create entrepreneurs, not young people with the capacity to perform entrepreneurial tricks. True entrepreneurs are not ordinary people, regardless of whether they are born or ‘made’. Although entrepreneurship can be learnt by any person, it takes a very special kind of ‘want’ (desire), determination and practise to become a successful entrepreneur, and even more ‘want’, determination and practise to become an expert entrepreneur.Thesis (PhD (Business Administration))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Qumza, Thabang Vuyo. "Barriers to entrepreneurship: assessing NMBM school leavers for business enterprise." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011804.
Full textAbstract:
In plight of the country‟s high unemployment, poverty, and income inequalities, there is an urgent need to address these issues by converging toward entrepreneurship. World-wide, it is acknowledged by both government and academia that entrepreneurship soothes and remedies socio-economic ills. It creates employment, wealth, alleviates poverty, increases tax base, balances income disparities and accomplishes social stability. With the high youth (18-34 year age) unemployment looming at 73 percent and a low South African total entrepreneurship rate at 8.9 percent; this study attempts to investigate the barriers that hinder school leavers from engaging in entrepreneurship. The research investigates critical entrepreneurial factors including entrepreneurial character and behaviour, entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, managerial knowledge and skills, knowledge on legal aspects of a business, sourcing of finances, and entrepreneurial background and orientation. The primary objective was met through the investigation of the secondary objectives. This was accomplished through a questionnaire survey, composed with multiple choice questions and closed questions measured on a Likert scale. The questionnaire was constructed based on the literature reviewed from various sources including books, dissertations, journals, government reports, newspapers, magazines, internet, television and radio broadcasts (interviews and news). The study discovers that learners are inhibited by various factors from engaging into business venturing. The list of barriers identified was: A discouraging entrepreneurial background (heritage) – parents had low levels of education and were not entrepreneurial, Weak entrepreneurial character and behaviour, Lack of entrepreneurial exposure and work experience, Learners lack financial skills and computer skills, Families lack savings to financially support their business start-ups, Limited knowledge on the legal aspects regulating a business, Limited knowledge on sourcing finances (angel and venture capital investors).
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Shayo, Asha Habibu. "The Role Of Education System In Preparing Youth For Agricultural Career Decisions And Aspirations: Exploring Ways To Attract More Youth To Engage In Agriculture And Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Tanzania." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97369.
Full textAbstract:
Youth intention to pursue a career in agriculture and entrepreneurship is influenced by the knowledge they acquire through formal, informal, and nonformal settings. Changing youth perception of agriculture is essential for agriculture and youth development. The purpose of the study was to examine current youth perceptions of agriculture, solicit Tanzanian leaders' views of agriculture, and youth entrepreneurship. Understand youth intention and aspirations to choose a career in agriculture and agricultural-related fields, and the influence of the education system in shaping youth career decisions and entrepreneurship in agriculture. This study utilized a multi-method approach to examine youth and leaders perception of agriculture and the role of education systems on youth decisions on a career. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Social Cognitive Career Choice (SCCC) were used as the theories involve the human intention and motivation to create knowledge, which may result in changing behavior. Self-efficacy, environment, culture, and critical reflection are essential when constructing knowledge, contribute to youth decision making process and meaning-making. The Theory of Planned Behavior Constructs was used to develop a survey to understand youth intentions to choose a career in agriculture and career the influence of education pathways in youth development. Through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Career Choice, unstructured interviews were used to understand (i) the influence of previous background, and the need to teach agriculture to youth at a younger age for agriculture development and (ii) the community perception (leaders, teachers, youth, etc.), on youth career in agriculture and agricultural-related fields, teaching agriculture in schools, perception of agriculture and agricultural entrepreneurship. From the stepwise linear regression analysis, the model predicts 48% of the variance in student intention to choose an agricultural career. The results show that the three predictors' attitudes, perceived behavior control, and subjective norms have an influence on youth pursuing a career in agriculture. From the interviews, participants tabled their concerns about the existence of community negative perception of agriculture, very few have the idea of the agricultural curriculum in schools. Many believed that the education system does not prepare youth in decision making or facing the world challenges when they graduate.
For the country's development, Tanzania needs more youth to engage in all kinds of agricultural practices for food security and poverty reduction, such as a career in agriculture and entrepreneurship. Youth can easily adopt new and improved agricultural knowledge due to their aggressiveness, eagerness, creativity, and ability to learn innovations. Motivation, creativity, critical thinking, and taking risks is essential in changing youth perception of agriculture. People they trust will influence their perception, intention, and attitude towards agriculture. Through youth programs, formal education, educators' knowledge, experience, effectiveness, preparation, encouragement, and interaction training youth on new or improved agriculture innovations can influence youth high level of achievement and success in agricultural practices.Doctor of Philosophy
Very few primary and secondary schools teach agriculture subjects; therefore, many youths lack agricultural knowledge at a younger age. The formal education system in Tanzania allows students to choose Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) after the completion of their primary and secondary education. However, in most cases, students who are selected to attend TVET, especially agricultural training institutions, are those primary and ordinary level-secondary school students who did not get good grades to go for further studies. Such as advanced level- secondary school or university. Hence it makes agriculture viewed as the last option for students and works well for those who failed. Non Formal education has the potential to contribute to youth intention to career decisions and aspirations in agriculture. Youth programs and apprenticeship can provide skills needed for youth development and entrepreneurship in agriculture. It is essential for agriculture to be treated as a respectable profession and not for failures, retirees, or as a last result. It is my desire, in collaboration with others, to keep working with communities such as schools, youth programs, extension agents, and others in Tanzania to change people's perceptions about agriculture. The sustainability of social change requires leaders to involve diverse stakeholders that can contribute to the success of a common goal. Kuenkel (2016) Posit that "stakeholder collaboration is a form of co-creation" (p. 2). Engage youth in development programs to learn more about agriculture, youth engage in decision-making and participate in trade unions. Also, to attract more youth to become entrepreneurs and invest in agriculture. I desire to see more youth engage in agriculture and pursue a career in agriculture and agricultural-related fields. To see more youth are employed in the agricultural sector and well paid like other professionals. To see a change in policies and programs that will attract youth, especially girls, to study STEM at a younger age. To see leaders pioneer in building a positive perception of agriculture to the community, but also the education policy to change and give prestige agriculture profession by putting requirements like Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering professions.
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Kgagara, Murutluluga Reuben. "An assessment of the attitude towards entrepreneurship among higher education students in Sedibeng district / Kgagara M.R." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7371.
Full textAbstract:
Entrepreneurship has played an important role in economic prosperity and social
stability in many developed countries. Today South Africa as developing country is
faced with massive challenges of high levels of unemployment among the youth,
especially university graduates, due to lack of work experience, low skills base and
education. The formal labour market in South Africa is currently saturated, unable to
absorb the ever increasing number of labour force; hence, the decision by the
government to prioritise the development and support of small medium enterprises.
Beside all these interventions, South Africa is still ranked among the lowest of all
developing countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM).
Today entrepreneurship is offered in most of the universities as part of the curriculum
but it is evident that levels of entrepreneurship are still not improving in the country.
There has been an upward trend in the number of young South Africans entering
higher education; this can be attributed to the poor market conditions for low–skilled
workers and the high monetary benefits to education. The daunting observation is
that while the graduate labour force is on the rise, a large number of graduates
possessing diplomas and degrees are finding it difficult to find employment.
Graduate unemployment in South Africa has been rising very fast since 1995 along
with national unemployment.
In this study the entrepreneur was used casually to refer to the owner or creator of a
new business, small, growing, and successful business. This includes any person
who sets up a small business, or changes from being an employee of an
organisation to being self employed, even though neither needs any significant
degree of innovation nor capital.
Risk taking and risk tolerance is one component of entrepreneurship that is very
critical, hence there is a need for more attention in the entrepreneurial education. In
the discovery perspective, cognition has impact on the chance that some people will
identify and seize the opportunity. Opportunity identification depends on prior
awareness and knowledge, whilst exploitation depends on having the necessary
ii
capabilities. Entrepreneurs should be able to read and recognise patterns for them to
recognise opportunities. Profile of an entrepreneur and skills required are technical
skills, perseverance, communication skills, managerial skills, leadership skills,
innovative skills, pro–activity, information seeking skills, and financial skills.
The primary objective of this study was to assess the attitudes and perceptions
towards entrepreneurship among students in a higher education institution in the
Sedibeng District of the Gauteng Province. The empirical study was conducted
among the population and recommendations on entrepreneurial education were
compiled.
The survey was conducted using a self–completion questionnaire method, whereby
questionnaires are handed out to respondents for self–completion and returned to the
researcher immediately. In an effort to encourage high response, the questionnaire
was accompanied by a cover letter which assured the respondents of confidentiality.
An attitude scale to test the prevalence of entrepreneurial attitudes and perceptions
among the respondents was used. The Likert scale was used whereby the
respondents were asked to rate a particular issue on a scale that ranged from
strongly disagrees to strongly agree.
The majority of the respondents are predominantly young Africans, from low income
families with only few parents that made it to university level, and mostly not involved
in entrepreneurship. The gap exists with regard to equipping the respondents with
entrepreneurial education and training. The university and other stakeholders should
create an environment that is supportive towards entrepreneurial activities. There are
still many business opportunities that need to be explored in South Africa but the
biggest challenge remains the access to knowledge and information with regard to
available support structures.
Tertiary institutions should: Develop start–up capital systems for students whilst
studying. The curriculum design should support employability skills such as
languages, starting your own businesses, presentation skills, creativity and
leadership abilities, specific qualifications focusing on business creation should be
developed, case studies should focus more on opportunity orientated ideas and
business and lecturing staff should be empowered to support entrepreneurial
activities in their respective fields. Databases of possible business ideas should be
developed.
A conceptual research model that will support accelerated youth entrepreneurship
should be developed in the country and research institutions should be contracted to
populate this research model. Furthermore, government regulations should be tested
regarding their impact on youth entrepreneurship development as a standard item.
Fresh approaches are thus needed to stimulate youth entrepreneurship in rural
areas. Therefore, policies and programmes to encourage youth entrepreneurship in
these areas should be researched.
National competitions for youth entrepreneurs should be encouraged and visible
events should be organised such as enterprise weeks at tertiary educational
institutions. Tertiary institutions can also investigate the possibility of business hives
for students or allowing students businesses to operate on campuses for the
duration of their studies.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Rosário, Raquel Lydia do. "Empreendedorismo jovem-características e determinantes : evidência empírica com base nos inquéritos general entrepreneurship." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5915.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisO objetivo da investigação é caraterizar o empreendedorismo jovem e identificar os fatores que promovem ou limitam a atividade empresarial. Atualmente o desemprego jovem é um aspeto preocupante nas economias desenvolvidas onde o empreendedorismo pode surgir como forma de superar o desemprego. Esta dissertação pode contribuir para discussão de medidas de política de apoio ao empreendedorismo jovem. São estudados os determinantes e obstáculos ao empreendedorismo para dois grupos etários da população: os jovens com 18 a 34 anos e os não jovens com 35 a 80 anos. São analisados diferentes grupos de países (por exemplo União Europeia). A análise empírica é baseada no Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) uma micro base de dados para o período 2001-2008, que inclui 1 362 673 observações individuais (305 816 para o grupo alvo da investigação, os jovens) de 64 países. Depois de uma análise descritiva para traçar o perfil do jovem empresário segundo diferentes aspetos (país, motivação para o empreendedorismo, etc.) são ensaiados diversos modelos e especificações. Porque as variáveis dependentes, correspondendo a diferentes tipos de empreendedorismo (passado, presente e futuro) são dicotómicas (cada indivíduo é ou não empreendedor), foi adotado o modelo probit. As explicações e obstáculos ao empreendedorismo seguem a literatura relevante. São incluídas variáveis explicativas (preditivas) associadas a fatores individuais e psicológicos e a caraterísticas económicas e socioculturais dos indivíduos. Os fatores que afetam positivamente o empreendedorismo jovem são: a autoconfiança nos conhecimentos e experiência, contatos com outros empresários, pertencer ao género feminino. O preditor negativo do empreendedorismo jovem é o medo de falhar. A crise atual afeta em sentidos opostos o empreendedorismo nos países desenvolvidos e nas economias emergentes, positivamente os primeiros e negativamente as segundas. Os resultados mostram ainda que os jovens empresários predominam nas empresas recentemente criadas e que são motivados especialmente pela identificação de uma oportunidade de negócio. Os jovens 3 consideram que no país onde vivem o empreendedorismo é considerado uma boa opção de carreira, e essa avaliação é mais favorável que no caso dos inquiridos não jovens. Os contatos estabelecidos com outros empresários é mais importante para iniciar um novo negócio para os jovens empresários que para os mais velhos que também estão a iniciar um negócio.
The objective of this research is to characterize youth entrepreneurship, and identify the factors which promote or constrain the entrepreneur activities. At present, youth unemployment is a major concern in many developed economies, and entrepreneurship is put forward as one of the ways of overcoming unemployment. This dissertation is a contribution to inform such policies. The determinants and obstacles of entrepreneurship for two age groups of population are studied and compared: those aged 18 to 35 and those over 35 years. Different country groups are analyzed (e.g. European Union). The empirical analysis is based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) microdatabase for the period 2001-2008, which includes 1 362 673 individual observations (305 816 for the research focus group, the young) from 64 countries. After a descriptive analysis to design the profile of the young entrepreneur according to different aspects (country, entrepreneurship motivation, etc.), a modeling analysis is carried out. Because the dependent variables are dichotomic (do entrepreneurship activity or not) the probit model form was adopted. The dependent variables are associated with entrepreneurship in three phases (already done, ongoing and expected for the future). The explanations and obstacles 4 tested in the models are based on the theoretical literature. They are explanations associated to individual and psychological characteristics and economic and sociocultural context. The factors with affect positively youth entrepreneurship activities are: self-confidence about knowledge, networks with other entrepreneurs, being female. The negative predictor is manly fear of fail. The crises affects differently the entrepreneurs in developed countries (negatively) and in emergent economies (positively). The results show that young entrepreneurs are more frequent in firms that were recently created and they are motivated mainly by the act of identifying a business opportunity. Young people evaluate entrepreneurship as a good career opportunity, and they value it more than the non-young group. The web of contacts with other entrepreneurs is more important for starting a new business for young entrepreneurs than for the non-young age group.
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Amick, Abby L. "Improving community connection to its youth: the case of Wabaunsee county." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13065.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
Population out-migration from rural communities has caused significant distress in the Midwest of the United States. This distress comes from loss of the communities’ human capital which supports its economic well being. For example, the declining human capital implies lack of employees and consumers to support local business and lower populations that lead to consolidation of schools and services as well as increased per capita costs for these services. Population loss is caused by a variety of reasons, the most discussed being lack of economic opportunities for young people in these small and rural communities. This thesis sought to increase appreciation of the problem by focusing on a single county in Kansas, Wabaunsee County, and assessing the factors that influenced out-migration decisions of its youth. The hypothesis was that understanding these factors and their strength would provide local policy makers with the tools to intervene in the dimensions of the problem of out-migration long before it happens. The data was drawn from a survey of the population of high school students and covered their perspectives about their community and their future location plans. The total number of respondents to the survey was 172, and of these, only 12 percent totally agreed that at least one adult (not parent) has talked to them about opportunities that would encourage them to return home after their post high school or college education. Only about 10 percent totally agreed that there are opportunities in their community for young people to work with adults. These results provide an opportunity for policy makers to engage adults in the community to provide mentorship opportunities for the community’s young people. While the majority of the respondents indicated going to college, only 11 percent indicated that they would return to live and work in Wabaunsee County after graduation. An even lower percentage of respondents indicated retiring in Wabaunsee County when asked to “think way into the future” and indicate whether they would like to retire in the country. The results indicate that the most critical variables influencing respondents’ intent to return after their education included community connection, their age and the existence of a business connection in the county. For example, the relative risk ratio (RRR) for those with community connections was 35 times as high as those without any community connection in their intent to return after college. Similarly, those with business interest in Wabaunsee County with interest in coming back after college exhibited a RRR of 345.15. Similar indicators were found for intentions to retire in Wabaunsee County. It is obvious that the community cannot keep all of its young people. Indeed, it does not want to keep all of them if these young people are going to achieve their personal excellence. However, the community’s leadership can work with local businesses to provide the youth with clear and compelling connections to local and family businesses to increase their community connections. The results of this research indicate that these stronger ties would increase the likelihood that these young people would return. Their return, given the historical trends, would signify a break from the past and contribute to an arrest of the declining population and, hopefully, contribute to an alleviation of the challenges associated with declining population in these small communities.
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Mannan, Irin. "Sustainable Development, Youth, Entrepreneurship and Leadership Education: A Case Study of the Mandela Washington Fellowship, Young African Leaders Initiative." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23924.
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Entrepreneurship education has emerged as an alternative to traditional models of sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa. Traditional development models focus on economic reforms. In contrast, Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach to development emphasizes the importance of entitlements, choice, freedom, and addressing social and institutional conditions that facilitate development. This is a case study on a similar program, the Mandela Washington Fellowship (MWF) for Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI), in the business and entrepreneurship track. The objective is to examine the impact of MWF on participants in developing entrepreneurial and leadership skills, which has the potential to contribute to the overall growth and development of their communities. This research assesses the effectiveness of entrepreneurship and leadership education programs in successfully developing practical skills among participants. Further goal is to examine the links between sustainable development, entrepreneurship and leadership training programs, in the context of Sen’s capabilities approach to development in Sub-Sahara Africa.
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Firildak, Aydin Can, and Hakan Akin. "Footballpreneurship : The role of scouting and youth academies in football entrepreneurship and value creation from young talents: A case study on AFC Ajax and Borussia Dortmund." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97983.
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Background: The football industry has been rapidly evolving. The value of transfer market has increased astronomically, thus sealing a transfer deal has become pricy. In the meantime, the gap between rich and low budget clubs keeps increasing. UEFA released new regulations called “Financial Fair Play” (FFP), which aims to curb financial differences amongst football clubs. Hence, football clubs adopted new entrepreneurial approaches such as scouting and youth academies to improve their financial situation. Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to understand football teams’ entrepreneurial reaction towards FFP. The purpose is to examine the strategies of value creation from human capital like talented young players, in terms of scouting and youth academy, and explain the relationship between football and entrepreneurship in context of the business model framework. Method: The research is conducted by secondary data collection through online resources. We used the secondary data analysis method to analyze our data and carried out a representative case study based on the theoretical framework of this master thesis on two football clubs, AFC Ajax and Borussia Dortmund, to understand the problem more comprehensively. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the FFP regulations affected the entrepreneurial structure of football clubs. The data suggest that both clubs intensified their scouting and youth academy activities, as a result they generated more transfer revenue through selling the players that they recruited at their youth academies or scouted. Hence, this new entrepreneurial approach that the football clubs adopted provided a significant benefit for them. We call this concept that football meets entrepreneurship as “Footballpreneurship”.
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Virkštytė, Sandra. "Jaunimo verslumas Vilniaus pedagoginiame universitete." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_175927-37803.
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Lietuvai tapus rinkos ekonomikos šalimi, ypač svarbu visiems socialiniams sluoksniams integruotis į ekonominę visuomenę. Viena pagrindinių kategorijų integruotis yra verslumas kaip naujos idėjos įgyvendinimas, pasitelkiant savarankiškumo, iniciatyvumo, atkaklumo ir kt. savybes. Todėl ypač aktualu ugdyti jaunimo verslumą, nes jie mūsų ateitis, kuri integruosis į darbo rinką. Rinka teikia dideles galimybes gauti finansinį, žmogiškąjį ir socialinį kapitalą verslo plėtojimui. Verslumo ugdymo tikslas – vadybinių, asmeninių, socialinių kompetencijų, leidžiančių turimas žinias pritaikyti kasdieniniame gyvenime, ugdymas ir tobulinimas. Versli asmenybė gebės savarankiškai ir pozityviai veikti šeimos bei visuomenės labui. Mokslinės literatūros analizė bei ES ir Lietuvos strateginių dokumentų analizė parodė, kad visuotinis kiekvienos šalies gyventojų verslumo gebėjimas – efektyviausia šiuolaikinės epochos žmonių priemonė spartinant jų gyvenimo kokybės augimą.
Atliktame tyrime VPU studentai, kaip pagrindinius faktorius verslo pradžiai, akcentuoja asmenines jaunuolių savybes, artimųjų įtaką, ugdymo įstaigas-institutus, paramą, mokesčių lengvatas, kurie turi didžiausią įtaką ugdant verslumo pradmenis. Didelę įtaką verslumui turi praktika, kurios studentai stokoja. Verslumo kompetencijos ugdymui būtina skirtingų sektorių partnerystė: universitetų ir verslo; verslo ir studentų organizacijų; studentų organizacijų ir universitetų, ir visų trijų sektorių (verslo, universitetų ir studentų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The entrepreneurship conception is traversed by theoretical aspect and documents of the European Union and Lithuania, which are regulated the education of the entrepreneurship. When Lithuania become the country of market economy, it particularly came more and more important than all social groups have to integrate into the economic society. The entrepreneurship is one of basic categories to integrate. We can characterize the entrepreneurship as the implementation of the new idea, which is invoked qualities of self –b sufficiency, proactive and similarly perseverance. The entrepreneurship education isn’t identical with the economic literacy, but these ground can match up rather closely. Entrepreneurship is ability to realize abilities, surrounding us. It is also closely conected with having competences for using stocks. Innovation is also part of succesfull entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is ability that can be learned and could be developed. It is extremely important to develop youth entrepreneurship, because it can be solvation of such social – econimie problems as: unemployment, depopulation, social activity and others. Our country attempts to implement the strategically objectives of Lisbon, for example to consolidate economic situation, social cohesion, employment and creation of work’s places. In strategies is maintained than when we frame the new places of work, we need to stimulate the entrepreneurship culture. There is the “LJA” program in Lithuania. It has got... [to full text]
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Olutuase, Samuel Oladipo. "Modelling the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial mindset, skill and intentions: Empiraical evidence from undergraduates in Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6280.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Business and Finance)Entrepreneurial firms, entrepreneurial capital, entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurial economy are a few terminologies that have emerged since the resurgence of entrepreneurship, arising from the 1990's entrepreneurial revolution in the United States of America. Entrepreneurship education, a paradigm shift from the conventional, has been identifies as being critical to fostering entrepreneurship, building entrepreneurial capital, growing entrepreneurial economy and ultimately delivering sustainable economic growth and developmend for any nation - emerging or developed. From America to Africa, entrepreneurship modules with varies objectives and designs have multiplied in the last decade.
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Malamulo, Terence Crayl. "The nexus between growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and youth employment in Eritrea." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30459.
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Economic growth and development are strategic for the overall development of a country. Micro, small and medium enterprises play a surmountable role in economic growth and development. Among other contributions, they provide jobs in an economy. Several developing countries, such as Eritrea, face limited private sector growth, yet also have the need to invest in the creation of enough and decent job for youths. Hence, this study intended to identify the prominent factors that deter the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises as well as the connection between their growth and youth employment, using a case study of Eritrea. The study used econometric research method. Through stratified sampling and a questionnaire, it collected data from 76 micro, small and medium enterprises. In the analysis, it used ordinal and binary logistic regressions, chi-square and correlation tests. The study concludes that there is no sufficient evidence that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises influences youth employment. It finds that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises is deterred by obstructive access to raw materials, obstructive banking regulations and obstructive general business regulations and policies. The study recommends improvement of the macro-economic conditions for pro-business sector growth, establishment of a policy on development of micro, small and medium enterprises, and a gradual liberalization of the private economy. Further, it proposes an impact investing based growth model of micro, small and medium enterprises to increase certainty on employment creation contribution. It suggests that an investment in micro, small and medium enterprises for youth employment creation that does not address the identified deterrents faces a significant impact risk.
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Dodaro, Maria. "Active Cities for Activation Policies. Entrepreneurship support and young people in Milan and Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668708.
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The thesis is framed in the disciplinary field of urban sociology and aims to analyse municipal entrepreneurship support policies promoted by the cities of Milan (Italy) and Barcelona (Spain), with a focus on the experiences of young people up to the age of thirty-five who have benefited from the different measures during the years 2012 to 2016. The concept of entrepreneurship, explicitly and sometimes implicitly accompanied by that of self-employment, is central in many policy agendas at many levels of government. In Europe, indeed, the growing concern about the persistence of high levels of unemployment, especially among young people, combined with the consolidation of activation as a paradigm in the reorientation of public actions for social inclusion, have made entrepreneurship a key instrument not only for economic development strategies, but also for activation policies (inclusive entrepreneurship). At the local level, European cities are particularly active in supporting inclusive entrepreneurship, being also able to count on the fact that new economic opportunities have found fertile ground in urban contexts, driven primarily by the growth of the service sector and a distinctive capacity for innovation. However, despite its relevance, this issue has been scantly addressed in the literature. In this context, the thesis proposes an interpretative framework for exploring this object of study that incorporates, on the one hand, neo-Marxist-inspired and neo-Weberian approaches to urban policy and governance and, on the other hand, the socio-economic literature and theoretically relevant institutional documentation on entrepreneurship, including within the framework of studies on the reorganization of the welfare state. The critical reading of the reference literature has led to two analytical macro-approaches. The first highlights the thesis of the convergence of urban policies towards neoliberal modes of governance, and welfare models based on market needs and competitiveness instead of social cohesion. A trend that entrepreneurship support policies seem to exemplify. The second highlights the peculiarities of the European city, identified with the resistance of the compromise between growth and social inclusion objectives, and supports the opposite thesis of the divergence between cities, the relevance of the political dimension and the local policy actors. Within this framework, the research has focused on how local political actors interpret, invalidate or reproduce the mainstream approach to entrepreneurship support policies and the role played in this respect by institutional factors and political aspects. Besides, the investigation included the analysis of the implications in terms of redistribution of risks and opportunities among the young people interviewed. To this ends, the research has availed itself of a qualitative methodology, case-based comparative analysis and the technique of the interview. The study revealed the heterogeneity of municipal entrepreneurship support policies concerning ideas and values, objectives, measures and tools, as well as the experiences of the young beneficiaries. Finally, the thesis highlights how policy orientations, local political paradigms, institutional legacies and governance arrangements interact to shape specific and different approaches to entrepreneurship support policies in the two cities, and how these influence the capacity to govern socio-economic changes.
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Munyuki, Tinashe. "The implications of financial literacy on the success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) initiated by the youth in economically disadvantaged areas of Cape Town." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7230.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Entrepreneurship has been regarded as a solution to various developmental challenges such as unemployment, inequality, and poverty, which are inherent among the marginalised populations. However, the high rate of failure of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) remain an impediment to the use of entrepreneurship as a means to ameliorate the challenges. This is especially the case among young entrepreneurs. In addition, given the imperativeness of financial literacy in the success of SMEs, this study determines the influences of financial literacy on entrepreneurial success within the marginalised communities. It also explores and identifies the reasons why failure rates are high among young entrepreneurs in the economically disadvantaged community of Khayelitsha, Cape Town. This study employs a concurrent mixed methods design, making use of both quantitative and qualitative data. A survey is conducted in Khayelitsha using the snowballing sampling technique due to difficulty in accessing young entrepreneurs. The quantitative data from the survey provides demographic and socioeconomic information on young entrepreneurs. The survey is also used to determine the level of financial literacy and business success of these entrepreneurs. The qualitative in-depth interviews, on the other hand, provide insights into the motivations of the entrepreneurs, their experiences and the causes of business failure.
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Hazenberg, Richard. "Work integration social enterprise : a NEET idea." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2012. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/4965/.
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The on-going global economic difficulties and the subsequent increases in unemployment have led the UK government to look at innovative ways of reintegrating unemployed people back into work. Nowhere is this more critical than in the area of youth unemployment, which in the UK is steadily rising for young people aged 16-24 years who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). As part of this strategy work-integration social enterprises (WISEs) have become providers of employment enhancement programmes (EEPs) that aim to improve the employability of NEETs, in part due to the 'added value' that WISEs are seen to bring to such programmes. However, this perception, along with the requirements of public funding contracts, creates a pressure on WISEs to demonstrate such 'added value' through rigorous evaluation procedures. However, there is little academic research that both attempts to measure WISE performance in relation to 'outcomes' and to understand how organisational type and structure affects this. This research study takes a comparative, multi-case study approach to study three separate work-integration organisations delivering EEPs to NEETs. Two of these organisations are WISEs and the other organisation is a 'for-profit' private company utilised in this study as a comparison group. In order to provide a rigorous measure of outcome, all participants completed three different self-efficacy scales and engaged in individual semi-structured interviews with researchers before and after engagement in their respective programmes (Time 1 & Time 2). Results from the qualitative analysis of the interviews and the statistical analysis of the questionnaire data are triangulated to evaluate the outcome from all three programmes, providing the participant perspective alongside changes in self-efficacy. In addition, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were held with the owners and staff at the organisations respectively, in order to elicit understanding of how the differing aims, values and structures present at each organisation impacted upon the delivery of the programmes and hence upon the outcome benefits experienced by the NEETs. The results of the research provide an opportunity to compare and contrast programmes delivered by social enterprises with that of a 'for-profit' company in order to give an insight into programme and outcome differences based upon the orientation of the delivery organisation. Results revealed no significant difference between the outcome benefits experienced by the NEETs at the WISEs and those NEETs present at the for-profit comparison group. However, analysis of the effect of the organisational aims, values and structures upon the delivery of EEPs, suggests that the 'added value' offered by WISEs, whilst not immediately evident in the outcome data, came from the induction policies that they operated and their willingness to work with more socially excluded individuals.
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Simões, Luciano Schmitz. "Microcrédito e empreendedorismo: alcance e limites dos programas de políticas públicas para população jovem do município de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2457.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-25This research aims to discuss the reach of Entrepreneurship and Microcredit Brazilian public policies programs which might generates employment, work and income. In recent years, these mechanisms of public policies have been incorporated by Federal, State and local governments in order to be used as alternative tools for social inclusion, because of its ability to create work, employment and income. The starting point of this research are two studies conducted by us recently. The first study identifies the barriers faced by local governments, specifically, when trying to establish an effective relationship promoting a group organization and its entrepreneurial skills. From this evidence, was proposed a collective action among multilateral social agents (SEBRAE, NGOs, etc.), community and local government. This empirical research was developed with artisans in the City of Juiz de Fora, southeastern of Minas Gerais State, which was disjointed and has been showing no social representativeness. The result was the strengthening of this social group and the founding of the Artisans Association of Juiz de Fora city. The second study evaluates the effectiveness of social and economic development of the Heliopolis favela, in the city of São Paulo, throughout SPConfia, a city policy microcredit. The purpose of this study is to highlight the relationship between the microcredit institution and its assisted target, that uses this kind of resource to generate jobs and income. Both studies indicate that these policies aligned with its goals were developed for workers over 30 years old, which, somehow, had being already participating the formal labor market. Young people, in this case, does not integrate these programs. At the same time, these public programs neither have intention to qualify young people professionally for self-employment, nor trust enough credit to start up their own business. Therefore, the aim is to present the context in which the programs of public policies for entrepreneurship and microcredit offered by the city of São Paulo are structured and, then, better understand the reasons that creates a gap between government and university students.
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir o alcance de dois programas de políticas públicas de emprego, trabalho e renda: o Empreendedorismo e o SPConfia. Nos últimos anos, estes dois importantes instrumentos têm sido incorporados pelas administrações públicas federal, estadual e municipal para serem utilizados como meios alternativos de inclusão social, pela capacidade de gerar emprego, trabalho e renda. Para tanto, partimos de dois estudos realizados por nós em anos recentes. O primeiro estudo1 identificou as dificuldades que o poder público local, principalmente, tem em estabelecer uma relação que promove efetivamente a organização de um grupo e sua qualificação empreendedora. A partir dessa constatação, propôs uma ação conjunta2 entre agentes multilaterais (SEBRAE, ONGs, etc.), comunidade e governo local. O objeto de análise deste estudo foi os artesãos do sudeste mineiro Juiz de Fora, MG, grupo até então desarticulado e sem representatividade social. O resultado foi o fortalecimento social desse grupo e a fundação da Associação dos Artesãos da Cidade de Juiz de Fora. O segundo estudo3 avalia a efetividade do desenvolvimento social e econômico da favela de Heliópolis, no município de São Paulo, por meio da política pública municipal de microcrédito, o SPConfia. A proposta do estudo é colocar em evidência as relações entre essa entidade e o público alvo, que necessita desse tipo de recurso para gerar trabalho e renda. Os dois estudos apontam que essas políticas em consonância com seus objetivos, têm atendido trabalhadores na faixa etária de 30 anos ou mais, os quais já estiveram participando, de alguma forma, do mercado formal de trabalho. A população jovem, neste caso, não participa dessas políticas, da mesma forma que não há no âmbito desses programas a intenção de qualificar esses cidadãos para o autoemprego, bem como confiar crédito suficiente para iniciarem seu próprio negócio. O que se pretende, portanto, é mostrar em que contexto os programas de políticas públicas de empreendedorismo e microcrédito, oferecidos pela cidade de São Paulo, estão estruturados, a fim de entender as razões desse distanciamento entre o poder público e os jovens universitários
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Nilsson, Hanna. "The role of civil society organisations in labour market integration of young immigrants in Sweden: An analysis of the organisation Right To Play." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414794.
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During the year of 2015 and the large migration wave that hit Europe, many unaccompanied young refugees came to Sweden. For this particular group, the challenge is to become integrated to the labour market in order to receive a permanent residency permit in Sweden after they graduate their upper secondary education. Over the past few years, it has become more evident that the state is not able to handle the integration process alone, and that it is time to shed light on contemporary initiatives deriving from other actors, such as civil society organisations. The question is whether these initiatives have been successful in bringing about change, and in what ways. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to analyse the civil society organisation Right To Play that uses sports as a tool for labour market integration, through the theory of Institutional Entrepreneurship by identifying its rationales, resources, and relations that are used to prompt institutional change. Through three semi-structured interviews and one observation, together with secondary data, a narrative analysis of their stories was conducted. The results showed that the organisation manage to mix a set of strong rationales of sports, labour market integration, and youth agency, to transform the youth from being passive receivers of integration to become active agents and important human resources within the organisation, and to connect the youth with other actors in the society through external relations. The study also concluded that the elements of rationales, resources, and relations, that are used to investigate the power of an organisation to prompt institutional change, also helps the organisation to become resilient in times of crises.
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Silva, Fabiano Andr? Gon?alves. "Empreendedorismo social e protagonismo juvenil: a estrat?gia socioeducativa do projeto Oasis de interviv?ncia universit?ria." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18288.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-26This dissertation aims to analyze the strategy of socio Interviv?ncia University Project OASIS training of community development from the perspective of social entrepreneurship. This project was part of the context of a sort of university extension, called Interviv?ncia University, which emerged in 2008 through the announcement MCT / CNPq / CT-Agribusiness / MDA - No. 23/2008 - Interviv?ncia University Program. With the analysis of the OASIS project sought to identify a strategy socio, which was used elements of popular education and aimed to develop young people within the social entrepreneurship that made contributions to such has taken actions in their communities seeking range of social gains. For this, the methodological aspect, it was used in the research, a qualitative approach, case study, content analysis, semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. In the theoretical aspect was addressed in the affairs of: social entrepreneurship, with emphasis on the concept, their differentiations of business entrepreneurship and social responsibility, and characterizing the social entrepreneur, popular education, as for the development of social entrepreneurship is the need for a new way of thinking and seeing reality for the people, and youth leadership, given the importance in the context of social action, to have young people seeking a better life for their communities. Addressed the theory were drawn categories (capital, empowerment and youth participation) and subcategories of analysis (value, attitude, behavior, trust, cooperation, civic participation) used in this work. Given the information and analysis of interviews and observations could be perceived that the strategy promoted socio Project OASIS changes, or the reaffirmation of values, resulting in new attitudes and, consequently, new behaviors in the students interviewed. Has been identified in them the development of trust and cooperation. In the aspect of civic awakening was observed in some of them only. In relation to juvenile activity was perceived to develop actions aimed at social benefits for all respondents. Thus, the OASIS Project Interviv?ncia University made contributions to the young participants in the research aspect of social entrepreneurship, influencing them in developing activities in the social sphere in which cities are embedded
A presente disserta??o teve como objetivo analisar a estrat?gia socioeducativa do Projeto de Interviv?ncia Universit?ria OASIS na forma??o de agentes de desenvolvimento comunit?rio, sob a perspectiva do empreendedorismo social. O referido projeto inseriu-se no contexto de um tipo de extens?o universit?ria, denominada Interviv?ncia Universit?ria, a qual surgiu no ano de 2008 atrav?s do edital MCT/ CNPq/ CT-Agroneg?cio/ MDA N? 23/2008 Programa Interviv?ncia Universit?ria. Com a an?lise do Projeto OASIS buscou-se identificar se uma estrat?gia socioeducativa, a qual utilizou-se de elementos da educa??o popular e teve como objetivo desenvolver jovens no ?mbito do empreendedorismo social, trouxe contribui??es para que tais passassem a agir em suas comunidades buscando o alcance de ganhos sociais. Para isso, no aspecto metodol?gico, utilizou-se, na pesquisa, de uma abordagem qualitativa, do estudo de caso, da an?lise de conte?do, de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e da observa??o n?o participante. No aspecto do referencial te?rico abordou-se os assuntos do: empreendedorismo social, enfatizando-se o seu conceito, as suas diferencia??es do empreendedorismo de neg?cio e da responsabilidade social, al?m da caracteriza??o do empreendedor social; da educa??o popular, j? que para o desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo social h? a necessidade de uma nova forma de pensar e ver a realidade pelas pessoas; e do protagonismo juvenil, devido a import?ncia, no contexto de atua??o social, de se ter jovens buscando melhores condi??es de vida para suas comunidades. Da teoria abordada foram retiradas as categorias (capital social; empoderamento e protagonismo juvenil) e as subcategorias de an?lise (valor, atitude, comportamento; confian?a, coopera??o, participa??o c?vica) utilizadas neste trabalho. Diante das informa??es e an?lises das entrevistas realizadas e das observa??es feitas p?de-se perceber que a estrat?gia socioeducativa do Projeto OASIS promoveu mudan?as, ou mesmo a reafirma??o, de valores, resultando assim em novas atitudes e, consequentemente, em novos comportamentos nos alunos entrevistados. Foi identificado tamb?m neles o desenvolvimento da confian?a e da coopera??o. J? no aspecto da participa??o c?vica foi observado o despertar em alguns deles apenas. Em rela??o a atua??o juvenil foi percebido o desenvolvimento de a??es visando benef?cios sociais em todos os entrevistados. Assim, o Projeto de Interviv?ncia Universit?ria OASIS trouxe contribui??es para os jovens participantes da pesquisa no aspecto do empreendedorismo social, influenciando-os no desenvolvimento de atividades no ?mbito social nos munic?pios aos quais encontram-se inseridos
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Ohakam, Sylvanus Obidinma. "Niger Delta Youths' Views on Entrepreneurship Education for Fighting Poverty and Unemployment." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10981372.
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Education policymakers in Nigeria lack the knowledge on the views of Niger Delta youths, who rely on entrepreneurship education and its contents to fight poverty and unemployment in their area. This study’s purpose was to gain deeper understanding of the views of Niger Delta youths on entrepreneurship education, its contents, and its role in fighting their area’s high rate of poverty and unemployment. This study was framed and guided by three key concepts that focus on the challenges of poor communities: youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa, entrepreneurship education, and youth entrepreneurship. To address this issue properly, a qualitative multiple-case study was designed. Data were collected from multiple sources: semi structured interviews, archival data from government labor reports , and the researcher’s field notes.Data analysis was completed through thematic and cross-case synthesis analysis. . The findings showed that the Niger Delta is less privileged in financial availability, deepened in economic recessions under unemployment, poverty, inflation, hunger and starvations, with less chance of obtaining education, without qualification for employable white-collar jobs, neglected by the government of Nigeria, irrespective that Niger Delta region is the city of petroleum production that gives approximately 95% of Nigerian national revenue annually. With the adoption of entrepreneurship education in their school system and through training and skill acquisition, the Niger Delta would contribute to poverty alleviation, increased business career ownership, and meet the daily economic demands of their families, and be able to have a voice in social change. Social change can potentially be achieved through economic restoration and the enhancement of youths’ education and employment status, which in turn would help decrease the rate of poverty.
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Ohakam, Sylvanus Obidinma. "Niger Delta Youths' Views on Entrepreneurship Education for Combating Poverty and Unemployment." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6080.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Education policymakers in Nigeria lack the knowledge on the views of Niger Delta youths, who rely on entrepreneurship education and its contents to fight poverty and unemployment in their area. This study's purpose was to gain deeper understanding of the views of Niger Delta youths on entrepreneurship education, its contents, and its role in fighting their area's high rate of poverty and unemployment. This study was framed and guided by three key concepts that focus on the challenges of poor communities: youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa, entrepreneurship education, and youth entrepreneurship. To address this issue properly, a qualitative multiple-case study was designed. Data were collected from multiple sources: semi structured interviews, archival data from government labor reports , and the researcher's field notes.Data analysis was completed through thematic and cross-case synthesis analysis. . The findings showed that the Niger Delta is less privileged in financial availability, deepened in economic recessions under unemployment, poverty, inflation, hunger and starvations, with less chance of obtaining education, without qualification for employable white-collar jobs, neglected by the government of Nigeria, irrespective that Niger Delta region is the city of petroleum production that gives approximately 95% of Nigerian national revenue annually. With the adoption of entrepreneurship education in their school system and through training and skill acquisition, the Niger Delta would contribute to poverty alleviation, increased business career ownership, and meet the daily economic demands of their families, and be able to have a voice in social change. Social change can potentially be achieved through economic restoration and the enhancement of youths' education and employment status, which in turn would help decrease the rate of poverty.
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Mataboge, Dinah Mamashalane. "Social entrepreneurship among Diepsloot youth." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Social entrepreneurship activity is very low in South Africa, especially among the youth. It is argued that favourable attitudes toward social entrepreneurship are determinants of successful social entrepreneurship that could contribute to sustainable socio-economic development amongst the youth who are still grappling with the “triple challenge” of unemployment, poverty and inequality.
The primary objective of this study was to describe the attitudes of urban youth toward social entrepreneurship and to identify the constraints that the youth perceive as barriers to engaging in social entrepreneurship.
The data of this study was from a survey conducted in Diepsloot, North of Johannesburg involving 153 young people. Data was collected using two self-rating questionnaires. The Social Entrepreneurial Intent Scale (SEIS), adopted from Thompson (2009), was used to measure social entrepreneurial intentions, while the Constraint scale developed by Fatoki and Chindoga (2011) was used to identify constraints.
The study produced three main findings. Firstly, the majority of respondents had positive attitudes towards starting and engaging in social enterprises. Secondly, the research identified three main constraints that discourage the youth from starting or engaging in social enterprise, namely “lack of access to finance”, “lack of savings to start”, and “weak economic environment”. Thirdly, the research also identified an overall limitation to social entrepreneurship, namely; lack of support.
Recommendations to reduce constraints and support social entrepreneurship were suggested.
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THINH, CAO XUAN, and 高春盛. "A Study of Youth Entrepreneurship in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4qv8tt.
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碩士龍華科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
107
Youth entrepreneurship has three shortcomings: lack of experience, lack of resources and lack of contacts. Therefore, advocating the direction of youth entrepreneurship is high-risk. Therefore, this paper aims at the challenges faced by young entrepreneurs, how to help entrepreneurs through appropriate methods? How can entrepreneurs find their desired position quickly and easily? The purpose of this study is to explore the issues related to young people's entrepreneurship. Talents, technology, capital and market are the four core elements of entrepreneurship, among which talents are the most important. A successful entrepreneur needs to be familiar with all kinds of talents, markets, finance and laws, and successfully manage the business he has created by acquiring talents. Therefore, talent is very important in the process of entrepreneurship and the future development. Understanding, discovering and utilizing talent is the key link for entrepreneurs to start their own businesses. The paper points out that the possibility of business failure is greater than success, and how to avoid failure is a good lesson for business.
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Mgumia, Jacqueline Halima. "Choices on money: entrepreneurship and youth aspirations in Tanzania." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24503.
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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities School of Social Sciences Department of Anthropology, University of the Witwatersrand, August 2017This study engages with recent works on entrepreneurship and microfinance in the developing world as it seeks to understand youths’ interactions with microfinance initiatives in a specific African context. Using the case of urban Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, I apply the theory of value to question the notion that ‘entrepreneurship’ can be separated from other aspects of cultural and social lives in the community. By providing business grants and entrepreneurship training, microfinance institutions assume that youth from poor backgrounds will also be able to start their own business, sustain it and succeed financially. However, this relationship is not well established and need to be further explored empirically and ethnographically. Through ethnographic observation of three material sites, namely family, market, and the project that provided a business grant to 52 secondary school graduates, I look at how youth, as potential entrepreneurs in the context of limited access to formal education and employment in urban areas, make choices on the use of money in relation to entrepreneurship investments, daily livelihoods, and future plans. The general framework that informs youth entrepreneurship programs posits that the lack of capital, skills, business knowledge and poor policy framework explains, to a larger extent, why business ventures are not successful among youth living in poverty. However, this research indicates that family dynamics, youth aspirations, belief systems, and nature of interventions programs are factors that influence youth engagements with entrepreneurship and the outcome of their business ventures.
XL2018
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CHIEN, MEI-LIN, and 簡美玲. "The Promotion and Development of Youth Entrepreneurship Clusters in Pingtung." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yn49sw.
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碩士大仁科技大學
文化創意產業研究所
106
Abstract In recent years, central and local governments have been adopting policies designed improve work environments and encourage entrepreneurship with the aim of giving young people more hopeful prospects in finding work and starting businesses. This present study is a case study on the “entrepreneurship clusters in Pingtung” which the Pingtung County government in Taiwan is responsible for promoting. Following a problem-orientated topic design approach, public sector officials, related academics and experts and business representatives were invited for interviews in order to explore the current situation and issues related to the setting-concepts, promotion and development of Pingtung entrepreneurship clusters. The findings show that the publicly-sponsored Pingtung Youth College is instrumental in helping to cultivate and provide counseling to the Pingtung entrepreneurship clusters, with the establishment of “work and entrepreneurship workshops” and “common workshops”. The objective is to allow stationed teams to exhibit creative works while also improving opportunities for joint ventures through cross domain resource integration. With respect to the problems encountered by cluster operations within the first year, such as the quality of public sector human resources support, attitudes of young entrepreneurs stationed within, and performance of the stationed businesses, this paper proposes strengthening the public-sector matchmaking and docking platforms, improving the quality of stationed businesses and cultivating quality local teams. Keywords: Pingtung entrepreneurship clusters, setting concepts, promotion and development
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CHAO, CHIEH-YU, and 趙婕羽. "Place Attachment of Youth Entrepreneurship CommunityEngagement in Guangfu Village, Taichung." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sw3793.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
景觀及都市設計系
107
In recent years, the world has faced the predicament of youth unemployment, and youth entrepreneurship has a close impact on social, cultural and economic progress. Therefore, youth entrepreneurship is gradually being valued, and countries are actively promoting relevant strategies. Taiwan has also launched many plans and strategies in recent years, combining idle space or preserved cultural heritage space is used as a space for youth entrepreneurship, encouraging youth entrepreneurship and innovation. Taiwan has a special background of modern historiacal development. In this context, it also contains diverse cultural heritages. The original function has disappeared, and the space is facing conflicts between demolition, preservation and redevelopment. Fortunately, the concept of cultural heritages protection has matured in recent years, giving new meaning to these cultural heritages, and the public sector has introduced various redevelopment strategies. The research object of this study is "Taichung Youth Entrepreneurship" program, to understand the participation of the youth entrepreneurship community in local related matters and place attachment, and to verify the influence of youth entrepreneurship community engagement on. This study collated relevant literature, and used preliminary interviews to understand the feelings and thoughts of the subjects, then adjusted the questions of the questionnaires, and questionnaire survey of youth entrepreneurship community in Guangfu Village. The statistical results show that respondents have a dependency and identity for the place. The participation level is mainly "attendance"; the second is "involvement"; the lowest is "control". The study found that the youth entrepreneurship community has a statistical significance for the participation of local affairs and the place attachment.
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Tshehla, Belinda N. "Exploring mentorship for fostering succesful youth entrepreneurship at Telkom, South Africa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26922.
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South Africa, in general, is plagued by high unemployment, especially among the youth. The study explores how mentorship can be employed to foster youth entrepreneurship at Telkom, South Africa. The primary focus of the investigation was to establish whether mentorship could be the answer to the declining youth entrepreneurship in the city of Tshwane. The study was done by conducting a qualitative research, using the Telkom mentorship programme as the sample. The sample consisted of mentors and youth mentees from the Telkom mentorship database. Data was collected using semi-structured open-ended interviews. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis with Atlas Ti 8.0.
The literature showed that mentoring has benefits for both mentors and entrepreneur mentees. It also showed that the government and private sectors can play a key role in youth entrepreneur mentorship. The findings of the study have proven that mentorship yields positive results for youth entrepreneurs, which supports the literature in this study. The findings of the study yielded five themes, which were: success factors for mentorship, inhibiting factors for mentorship, role of government in mentorship, role of private sector in mentorship and influence of mentorship on successful youth entrepreneurship. In addressing the objectives of this study, the findings have proven that there is a relationship between mentorship and successful youth entrepreneurship, as per the first objective.
The role of government and the private sector were identified as key in the mentorship of youth entrepreneurs. The recommendations made in this study include improvements in the mentorship programme for mentees and mentors, initiatives by government that include more mentorship programmes and better communication as well as providing funding for mentorship programmes. Additionally, the private sector needs initiatives to make their programmes more accessible to the public. Further research to establish the correlation between mentorship and successful entrepreneurship is recommendedBusiness Management
M. Com. (Business Management)
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Chiu, Han-pin, and 丘漢平. "A Study on Information Process and Effectiveness of Youth Entrepreneurship Loan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01115434378528467466.
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