Journal articles: 'Youth homelessness'

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Kidd, Sean A., and Larry Davidson. "Youth Homelessness." Canadian Journal of Public Health 97, no. 6 (November 2006): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405225.

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Noblet, Paul. "Tackling youth homelessness." Children and Young People Now 2014, no. 7 (April 1, 2014): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2014.7.34.

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Jozwiak, Gabriella. "Tackling Youth Homelessness." Children and Young People Now 2017, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2017.1.21.

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Frey, Laura M., Jennifer Middleton, Maurice N. Gattis, and Anthony Fulginiti. "Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking in Kentuckiana." Crisis 40, no. 4 (July 2019): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000557.

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Abstract. Background: Youth experiencing homelessness are at risk for sex trafficking and mental health concerns. Aims: More information is needed to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of suicidal ideation and behavior among youth experiencing sex trafficking. Method: The present study examined suicidal ideation and behavior in a convenience sample of 128 youths experiencing homelessness aged 12–25 years in metropolitan Louisville, Kentucky, and southern Indiana. Participants were asked seven questions regarding suicidal ideation and attempts as part of an enhanced version of the 60-item Youth Experiences Survey (YES). Results: Approximately 53% of the sample reported experiencing suicidal ideation at some point in their lifetime and the odds of a youth experiencing homelessness who had experienced sex trafficking reporting suicidal ideation was 3.87 times higher than the odds of a youth experiencing homelessness who had not experienced sex trafficking. Additionally, of those who reported experiencing suicidal ideation, the majority (84.4%) reported they had attempted suicide in their lifetime. Limitations: This study relied on a convenience sample of youth receiving services in the Kentuckiana region and brief, self-report measures yielding categorical data. Conclusion: Programs servicing youth experiencing homelessness should require additional training and resources regarding the identification, screening, and assessment of youth who are at risk of or who have experienced sex trafficking in order to more quickly connect youth with much-needed, trauma-informed services.

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Martijn, Claudine, and Louise Sharpe. "Pathways to youth homelessness." Social Science & Medicine 62, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.007.

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Forstadt, Leslie, Sarah Yuan, Kerri Ashurst, Melissa Scheer, Stephanie Myers, and Heather Sedges Wallace. "Programming Ideas for Youth Experiencing Homelessness." Journal of Youth Development 15, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2020.803.

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This article provides an overview of some of the demographics of youth experiencing homelessness and examples of how Cooperative Extension is working with this population around the country. A discussion of the needs of this population is provided, along with strategies for how Extension can connect with current efforts to reach youth experiencing homelessness to build resilience. Data are summarized from a webinar for Extension professionals. Education in this area is worthwhile to youth development professionals who may be interested in designing new programs, expanding current programs, finding new program partnerships, and using programs to support youth experiencing homelessness. Local and national-level programs that are designed to reach youth experiencing homelessness are highlighted. The structure and resources of the Cooperative Extension system nationwide are ideal to provide supplementary support to youth experiencing homelessness in a variety of settings. This article is an invitation to expand this conversation and further explore the needs of youth experiencing homelessness and Extension’s capacity to respond.

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Iwundu, Chisom N., Tzu-An Chen, Kirsteen Edereka-Great, Michael S. Businelle, Darla E. Kendzor, and Lorraine R. Reitzel. "Mental Illness and Youth-Onset Homelessness: A Retrospective Study among Adults Experiencing Homelessness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228295.

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Financial challenges, social and material instability, familial problems, living conditions, structural issues, and mental health problems have been shown to contribute to youth homelessness. Based on the paucity of literature on mental illness as a reason for youth homelessness, the current study retrospectively evaluated the association between the timing of homelessness onset (youth versus adult) and mental illness as a reason for homelessness among homeless adults living in homeless shelters and/or receiving services from homeless-serving agencies. Homeless participants (N = 919; 67.3% men) were recruited within two independent studies from Dallas and Oklahoma. Covariate-adjusted logistic regressions were used to measure associations between homelessness onset and mental illness as a reason for current homelessness, history of specific mental illnesses, the historical presence of severe mental illness, and severe mental illness comorbidity. Overall, 29.5% of the sample reported youth-onset homelessness and 24.4% reported mental illness as the reason for current homelessness. Results indicated that mental illness as a reason for current homelessness (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.12–2.34), history of specific mental illnesses (Bipolar disorder–AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.24–2.45, and Schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder–AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.22–2.74), history of severe mental illness (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.04–2.10), and severe mental illness comorbidities (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52) were each associated with increased odds of youth-onset homelessness. A better understanding of these relationships could inform needs for early interventions and/or better prepare agencies that serve at-risk youth to address precursors to youth homelessness.

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Patterson, Joanne G., Allison M. Glasser, Joseph M. Macisco, Alice Hinton, Amy Wermert, and Julianna M. Nemeth. "“I Smoked That Cigarette, and It Calmed Me Down”: A Qualitative Analysis of Intrapersonal, Social, and Environmental Factors Influencing Decisions to Smoke Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 24, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab196.

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Abstract Introduction Approximately 70% of youth experiencing homelessness smoke cigarettes; many try to quit and are interested in formal smoking cessation programs. The purpose of this study was to describe the intrapersonal, social, and environmental contexts associated with the most recent smoking experience among youth experiencing homelessness and (2) identify differences in contextual factors by age and willingness to quit. Methods Thirty-six youth experiencing homelessness aged 14–24 years and who reported current smoking were recruited from a drop-in center in a Midwestern city. Semi-structured in-person interviews were analyzed to understand smoking behaviors. Results Two-thirds of participants reported stress and nicotine dependence as primary reasons for smoking, and older youth (aged 18–24 years) reported smoking to de-escalate negative emotions associated with stressful events. For 25% of participants, and especially older youth, smoking was described as part of a routine. Over 80% of participants smoked outside at the homeless drop-in center or the places they lived. Social prompts from drop-in center peers regularly preempted smoking. Younger youth (aged 14–17 years) reported smoking socially while older youth were more likely to smoke alone. Conclusions For youth experiencing homelessness, smoking is integrated into daily life and is often used to manage stress associated with homelessness and engage socially with homeless peers. Multicomponent interventions to reduce structural stressors specific to homelessness, change social smoking norms (environmental and social context), and address stress management and nicotine dependence (intrapersonal context) are needed to support smoking cessation among youth experiencing homelessness. Implications Youth experiencing homelessness overwhelmingly described how daily stressors associated with homelessness and nicotine dependence preceded recent smoking. Older youth (aged 18–24 years) also reported smoking as “routine”, which likely underscores nicotine dependence in this group. Younger youth (aged 14–17 years) described social smoking. Researchers must develop optimized multilevel interventions to support youth experiencing homelessness who want to quit smoking. Interventions directly targeting social determinants of stress (e.g., poverty, housing instability, food insecurity) and linkages to supportive services are needed. Complementary strategies to address stress coping and nicotine dependence (intrapersonal context) and social smoking norms (social and environmental context) are also necessitated.

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Watson, Juliet, and Hernán Cuervo. "Youth homelessness: A social justice approach." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 21, 2017): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317705204.

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Social justice approaches that work towards eliminating youth homelessness with a sole focus on material needs overlook the significance of non-material aspects, such as the impact of social exclusion and stigma on individuals’ subjectivities. The lack of social legitimacy associated with homelessness is exacerbated under neoliberal conditions, with the shift from social to individual responsibility positioning those unable to achieve the normative transition to adulthood as social failures. We draw on interviews with young homeless women in Australia to extend the emerging sociological focus on the relational aspects of homelessness through a social justice lens. We analyse the association between subjectivity, stigma and neoliberalism, and draw on Iris Marion Young’s theory of justice to highlight how these shape experiences of homelessness. We conclude that overcoming homelessness requires policies and practices that give a greater focus to non-material aspects of homelessness through an emphasis on empowerment, self-respect and autonomy.

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Edwards, Earl J. "Listening to formerly homeless youth." Phi Delta Kappan 102, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720978069.

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More than 1.5 million students experienced homelessness in the 2017-18 school year, but teachers receive little guidance on how to support them. Earl Edwards provides K-12 (particularly high school) teachers with an overview of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act and concrete recommendations for how to better support youth experiencing homelessness in their pursuit to graduate high school. The recommendations are derived from a study that analyzed the experiences of 10 youth who experienced homelessness as high school students in Los Angeles County.

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Kessler, Kristen, Debanjana Chatterjee, Rebecca Shlafer, and Andrew Barnes. "Adolescent Connectedness with Parents Promotes Resilience among Homeless Youth." Children 5, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5070096.

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Youth who experience homelessness have worse health and well-being than housed youth. Internal assets, including social competency and positive self-identity, are factors that promote healthy development. This study compared internal assets between homeless and housed youth, and examined whether connectedness with parents moderates the association between homelessness and internal assets. Using data from a large population-based survey of middle- and high-school aged youth, we found that homelessness was associated with lower levels of internal assets. However, having high connectedness with a parent significantly predicted the strength of these assets, suggesting opportunities to promote health equity among homeless youth.

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Abramovich, Alex. "Preventing, Reducing and Ending LGBTQ2S Youth Homelessness: The Need for Targeted Strategies." Social Inclusion 4, no. 4 (October 20, 2016): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i4.669.

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Gender non-conforming and sexual minority youth are overrepresented in the homeless youth population and are frequently discriminated against in shelters and youth serving organizations. This paper provides a contextual understanding of the ways that institutional and governmental policies and standards often perpetuate the social exclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and 2-Spirit (LGBTQ2S) youth, by further oppression and marginalization. Factors, including institutional erasure, homophobic and transphobic violence, and discrimination that is rarely dealt with, addressed, or even noticed by shelter workers, make it especially difficult for LGBTQ2S youth experiencing homelessness to access support services, resulting in a situation where they feel safer on the streets than in shelters and housing programs. This paper draws on data from a qualitative Critical Action Research study that investigated the experiences of a group of LGBTQ2S homeless youth and the perspectives of staff in shelters through one-on-one interviews in Toronto, Canada. One of the main recommendations of the study included the need for governmental policy to address LGBTQ2S youth homelessness. A case study is shared to illustrate how the Government of Alberta has put this recommendation into practice by prioritizing LGBTQ2S youth homelessness in their provincial plan to end youth homelessness. The case study draws on informal and formal data, including group activities, questions, and surveys that were collected during a symposium on LGBTQ2S youth homelessness. This paper provides an overview of a current political, social justice, and public health concern, and contributes knowledge to an under researched field of study by highlighting concrete ways to prevent, reduce, and end LGBTQ2S youth homelessness.

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Kidd, Sean A., Stephen Gaetz, and Bill O’Grady. "The 2015 National Canadian Homeless Youth Survey: Mental Health and Addiction Findings." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 62, no. 7 (April 3, 2017): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717702076.

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Objective: This study was designed to provide a representative description of the mental health of youth accessing homelessness services in Canada. It is the most extensive survey in this area to date and is intended to inform the development of mental health and addiction service and policy for this marginalized population. Methods: This study reports mental health–related data from the 2015 “Leaving Home” national youth homelessness survey, which was administered through 57 agencies serving homeless youth in 42 communities across the country. This self-reported, point-in-time survey assessed a broad range of demographic information, pre-homelessness and homelessness variables, and mental health indicators. Results: Survey data were obtained from 1103 youth accessing Canadian homelessness services in the Nunavut territory and all Canadian provinces except for Prince Edward Island. Forty-two per cent of participants reported 1 or more suicide attempts, 85.4% fell in a high range of psychological distress, and key indicators of risk included an earlier age of the first episode of homelessness, female gender, and identifying as a sexual and/or gender minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and 2 spirit [LGBTQ2S]). Conclusions: This study provides clear and compelling evidence of a need for mental health support for these youth, particularly LGBTQ2S youth and female youth. The mental health concerns observed here, however, must be considered in the light of the tremendous adversity in all social determinants faced by these youth, with population-level interventions best leveraged in prevention and rapid response.

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Alschech, Jonathan, and Stephanie Begun. "Fatherhood Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 101, no. 4 (May 29, 2020): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044389419896188.

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Research on young parents experiencing homelessness has typically focused on mothers and pregnant women. Young homeless fathers’ tendencies to decline involvement throughout pregnancy and in their children’s lives have been documented and condemned; however, little is known about young men’s perspectives on these situations. This exploratory study engaged homeless young men in qualitative interviews regarding their perceptions and experiences of fathering. Respondents often viewed fatherhood as solely representing breadwinner responsibilities and as a burden that one dutifully carries or shamefully (yet commonly) shirks. Homeless young men’s beliefs about fathering, often steeped in guilt and shame, may suggest that encouraging alternative conceptions of competent fathering while young and homeless is an important area for further research, intervention development, and service provision.

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Kidd, Sean A. "Youth Homelessness and Social Stigma." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 36, no. 3 (July 26, 2006): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9100-3.

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Kidd, Sean A., and Kathryn Scrimenti. "Evaluating Child and Youth Homelessness." Evaluation Review 28, no. 4 (August 2004): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x04264820.

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Hughes, Caroline. "Youth Homelessness and Substance Use." Probation Journal 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02645505030503012.

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Farrugia, David. "Youth homelessness and individualised subjectivity." Journal of Youth Studies 14, no. 7 (November 2011): 761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2011.605438.

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Chamberlain, Chris, and David MacKenzie. "TEMPORAL DIMENSIONS OF YOUTH HOMELESSNESS." Australian Journal of Social Issues 29, no. 1 (February 1994): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1994.tb00933.x.

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Johnson, Guy, and Chris Chamberlain. "From Youth to Adult Homelessness." Australian Journal of Social Issues 43, no. 4 (June 2008): 563–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2008.tb00119.x.

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Morrow, Salima. "71.5 LGBTQ YOUTH AND EXPERIENCED HOMELESSNESS: YOUTH PERSPECTIVE." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 60, no. 10 (October 2021): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.444.

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Baron, Stephen W. "Street Youth, Social Schemas, and Crime." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 12 (September 14, 2017): 1620–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817726805.

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Utilizing 400 youths living on the street, the article examines the social schematic theory of crime developed by Simons and Burt. It explores the role homelessness, physical abuse, emotional neglect, violent victimization, and peers play in the development of criminogenic knowledge structures (CKSs). It then examines the associations between adverse experiences, the CKS, and crime. Results show that deviant peers mediate the relationships between physical abuse, homelessness, violent victimization, and the CKS, while emotional neglect is directly associated with the CKS. The CKS in turn is directly linked to crime along with peers, homelessness, and violent victimization. The CKS also mediates the relationships between deviant peers and offending, and emotional neglect and offending. The relationships between physical abuse, homelessness, violent victimization, and crime are mediated by deviant peers. Furthermore, these relationships are also serially mediated through deviant peers and the CKS. Avenues for future research and policy implications are discussed.

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Pitcher, Claire, Elizabeth Saewyc, Annette Browne, and Paddy Rodney. "Access to Primary Health Care Services for Youth Experiencing Homelessness: “You shouldn’t need a health card to be healthy.”." Witness: The Canadian Journal of Critical Nursing Discourse 1, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.34.

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On any given night, thousands of Canadian youth face homelessness in either absolute (living on the street) or relative (couch surfing, staying in emergency shelters) terms. This study explores influences primary health care access among youth experiencing homelessness in a large Canadian urban centre. Using a qualitative research design and convenience sampling, 8 youth participated in in-depth individual interviews and 4 clinicians with expertise in working with youth in primary care settings participated in a facilitated solutions-focused dialogue based on findings from the youth interviews. Data collection occurred from January to November 2016. Main findings included: (1) Youth experiencing homelessness feel powerless when interacting with health care providers, (2) Health care systems exist as rule-based bureaucracies and (3) Homeless youth are in survival mode when it comes to their health. The authors offer recommendations to promote more equitable access to primary health care services for homeless youth.

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Mar, Marissa Y., Isabelle A. Linden, Iris Torchalla, Kathy Li, and Michael Krausz. "Are Childhood Abuse and Neglect Related to Age of First Homelessness Episode Among Currently Homeless Adults?" Violence and Victims 29, no. 6 (2014): 999–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00025.

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This study investigates 500 homeless adults and the associations between childhood maltreatment types and the age of first reported homelessness episode. Those first experiencing homelessness in youth (age 24 years or younger; 46%) were compared with those first experiencing homelessness at a later age (older than age 24 years). In individual models, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect were associated with first experiencing homelessness during youth (p< .02 for all types of maltreatment). In the simultaneous model, only emotional abuse remained significantly associated (p= .002). In addition, increasing numbers of maltreatment were associated with becoming homeless during youth (p< .0001). These results highlight the unique associations between childhood maltreatment types and becoming homeless earlier in life and support the need for early interventions with at-risk families.

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Begun, Stephanie, Katie Massey Combs, Kaitlin Schwan, Michaela Torrie, and Kimberly Bender. "“I Know They Would Kill Me”: Abortion Attitudes and Experiences Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness." Youth & Society 52, no. 8 (December 25, 2018): 1457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x18820661.

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Pregnancy rates among youth experiencing homelessness are much higher than those of their housed peers, yet limited research exists on this population’s abortion experiences. This study examined abortion attitudes, experiences, and decision making through individual interviews with 30 female, male, and gender-fluid youth (ages 18-21 years) experiencing homelessness. Respondents indicated that abortions are common in this population. Many youth also reported they either had, and/or knew of others, who had attempted abortions outside of the formal medical system while experiencing homelessness. Most youth noted that self-inductions resulted from not knowing where or how to access abortions safely, and as many feared stigma, judgment, and violence from family members and serious partners in response to obtaining abortions. Most youth reflected inaccurate perceptions regarding abortion cost, accessibility, and legality. Findings should be considered in developing socially contextualized family planning prevention and outreach efforts among this highly vulnerable youth population.

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Damian, April Joy, Delilah Ponce, Angel Ortiz-Siberon, Zeba Kokan, Ryan Curran, Brandon Azevedo, and Melanie Gonzalez. "Understanding the Health and Health-Related Social Needs of Youth Experiencing Homelessness: A Photovoice Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169799.

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Purpose: Homelessness is a major public health problem facing millions of youths across the United States (U.S.), with lesbian gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ+) youths and youths of color being disproportionately at higher risk. This study obtains an understanding of the health and health-related social needs of youths experiencing homelessness during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A total of 14 youths between the ages of 14 and 24 who (a) lived, worked, or attended school in New Britain, Connecticut (CT) and (b) had at least one experience of homelessness or housing insecurity worked with the research team to conduct a needs assessment regarding youth homelessness. Using photovoice, a community-based participatory research method, participants created photo narratives to share their stories and recommendations for community change. The main goals of photovoice are to enable participants to (1) record and represent their everyday realities; (2) promote critical dialogue and knowledge about person and community strengths and concerns; and (3) reach policy makers. Results: Most of the participants identified as youths of color, and half of the participants identified as members of the LGBTQ+ community. Three major themes that appeared in the youths’ narratives include the following: mental health and substance use challenges, trouble accessing basic human needs, and lack of a social support system. Conclusion: This study uplifts and empowers a vulnerable population to increase visibility around a major public health challenge from their own lived experiences. Despite the challenges that were voiced, many participants shared a sense of hope and resiliency. The major themes endorsed by the youths has the potential of informing practitioners and policy makers of how to better address the needs of youths experiencing homelessness, particularly those most at risk.

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Beharry, Meera S. "Helping and supporting hospitalized youth experiencing homelessness: An American perspective." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (June 6, 2020): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104520929392.

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Despite many similarities, there are key differences in the ability of providers in the United States to assist homeless youth compared to their colleagues in the United Kingdom. However, legislation, and strategies to identify and advocate for youth experiencing homelessness can lead to improved health outcomes and other psychosocial improvements for youth. This article highlights, compares and contrasts the systems with a goal of greater understanding and opportunities to assist youth experiencing homelessness in either country.

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Abramovich, Alex, Nelson Pang, Amanda Moss, Carmen H. Logie, Michael Chaiton, Sean A. Kidd, and Hayley A. Hamilton. "Investigating the impacts of COVID-19 among LGBTQ2S youth experiencing homelessness." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): e0257693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257693.

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Background LGBTQ2S youth are overrepresented among youth experiencing homelessness and experience significantly higher rates of mental health issues compared to heterosexual and cisgender youth. COVID-19 related challenges for LGBTQ2S youth experiencing homelessness remain unknown. To address this gap, this study aimed to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on LGBTQ2S youth at risk of, and experiencing, homelessness in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada and surrounding areas. Methods Utilizing a mixed-methods convergent parallel design, LGBTQ2S youth experiencing homelessness were recruited to participate in virtual surveys and in-depth one-on-one interviews. Surveys included standardized measures and were administered to measure mental health outcomes and collect information on demographic characteristics, and health service use. Survey data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and statistical tests for difference of proportions. Interviews were analyzed using an iterative thematic content approach. Results Sixty-one youth completed surveys and 20 youth participated in one-on-one interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data showed that youth have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in various ways, including experiencing poor mental health, such as suicidality, depression, anxiety, and increased substance use, and lack of access to health and social support services. Conclusion Our study highlights the need for LGBTQ2S inclusive and affirming health care and support services for precariously housed adolescents to address the pre-existing social and health issues that have been exacerbated by the pandemic.

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Benjamin, Cynthia J. "Mean Streets: Youth Crime and Homelessness." Canadian Journal of Criminology 41, no. 3 (July 1999): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.41.3.420.

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O'Grady, Bill, John Hagan, Bill McCarthy, Jo-Ann Climenhage, and Patricia Parker. "Mean Streets: Youth Crime and Homelessness." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 24, no. 3 (September 1998): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551985.

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Bessant, Judith. "The Politics of Counting Youth Homelessness." Alternative Law Journal 37, no. 2 (June 2012): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1203700210.

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Smith, Paul. "Youth Homelessness: Early Intervention and Prevention." Australian Journal of Public Administration 58, no. 4 (December 1999): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.00133.

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Schifalacqua, Marita, Arash Ghafoori, and Melissa Jacobowitz. "A Hidden Healthcare Crisis: Youth Homelessness." Nurse Leader 17, no. 3 (June 2019): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.03.005.

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Morton, Matthew H. "The Complex Predictors of Youth Homelessness." Journal of Adolescent Health 66, no. 4 (April 2020): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.01.003.

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Fleisher, Mark S., John Hagan, and Bill McCarthy. "Mean Streets: Youth Crime and Homelessness." Social Forces 76, no. 4 (June 1998): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3005869.

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Piliavin, Irving, John Hagan, and Bill McCarthy. "Mean Streets: Youth Crime and Homelessness." Contemporary Sociology 27, no. 4 (July 1998): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2655518.

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Britton, Linda, and Lisa Pilnik. "Preventing Homelessness for System-Involved Youth." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 69, no. 1 (March 2018): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12107.

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Grace, Marty, and Barbara Romeril. "The Youth Homelessness Taskforce in Melton." Community Development Journal 29, no. 3 (1994): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/29.3.257.

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Burke, Roger Hopkins. "Mean Streets: Youth Crime and Homelessness." Crime Prevention and Community Safety 1, no. 2 (April 1999): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8140019.

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Wiggans, Andy. "Youth work and homelessness in England." Children and Youth Services Review 11, no. 1 (January 1989): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0190-7409(89)90003-0.

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Munro, Sarah, Savvy Benipal, Aleyah Williams, Kate Wahl, Logan Trenaman, and Stephanie Begun. "Access experiences and attitudes toward abortion among youth experiencing homelessness in the United States: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): e0252434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252434.

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Objectives We sought to review the literature on the access experiences and attitudes toward abortion among youth experiencing homelessness in the United States. Methods We conducted a systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature published from 2001 to 2019. We included qualitative studies involving US participants that focused on access experiences, views, or accounts of unintended pregnancy and/or abortion among youth experiencing homelessness. We excluded studies published before 2001 as that was the year mifepristone medication abortion was made available in the US and we aimed to investigate experiences of access to both medical and surgical abortion options. Results Our thematic analysis of the data resulted in five key themes that characterize the abortion attitudes and access experiences of youth experiencing homelessness: (1) engaging in survival sex and forced sex, (2) balancing relationships and autonomy, (3) availability does not equal access, (4) attempting self-induced abortions using harmful methods, and (5) feeling resilient despite traumatic unplanned pregnancy experiences. Conclusions Youth experiencing homelessness experience barriers to abortion access across the US, including in states with a supportive policy context and publicly funded abortion services. In the absence of accessible services, youth may consider harmful methods of self-induced abortion. Improved services should be designed to offer low-barrier abortion care with the qualities that youth identified as important to them, including privacy and autonomy.

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Gabriel, Mikaela D., Sabina Mirza, and Suzanne L. Stewart. "Exploring Mental Health and Holistic Healing through the Life Stories of Indigenous Youth Who Have Experienced Homelessness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013402.

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Indigenous youth are the fastest growing population in Canada, yet are marked by profound and disproportionate personal, societal, political, and colonial barriers that predispose them to mental health challenges, employment and educational barriers, and experiences of housing insecurity and homelessness. It is only from the perspectives and experiences of Indigenous community members themselves that we can gain appropriate insights into effective supports, meaningful interventions, and accessible pathways to security. This paper will explore the mental health of Indigenous youth who are at risk of, or who have experienced, homelessness, as well as the lifelong perspectives, teachings, and guidance from Indigenous Elders and traditional knowledge keepers; their perspectives are weaved throughout, in order to provide a more effective means to addressing holistic healing and the mental health needs of Indigenous homeless youth. As educators, researchers and clinicians who have sought to understand this issue in more depth, our analysis aims to raise awareness about the complexities of Indigenous youth homelessness and push back against systemic barriers that contribute to homelessness, fail young people, and subject them to oppression. We also offer recommendations from a clinical perspective in order for clinicians, researchers and those working within communities to serve our Indigenous youth with a diverse set of methods that are tailored and ethical in their approach.

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Goldman, Paula. "Examining the Relationship Between Youth Homelessness and Aggression." Undergraduate Journal of Service Learning & Community-Based Research 1 (November 22, 2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56421/ujslcbr.v1i0.103.

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Teen homelessness has recently begun to gain recognition as a rapidly escalating problem in American society. It is estimated that between 1 and 1.5 million American teens—about 6 percent of the U.S. adolescent population—currently experience one or more periods of homelessness each year (Cohen, 2009). Part of the emergence of a substantial homeless adolescent population can be attributed to the rise in youth separating from their family. The Justice Department conducted a study in 1989 that suggested that about 500,000 youth run away or are thrown out of their homes each year (Robertson, 1991). This is especially alarming given that an estimated 75 percent of cases in which youth separate from the family go unreported (“National Youth Homelessness Awareness Month”, 2009). Many youth who separate from their family are unable to secure stable housing, leading them to be absorbed into the growing homeless adolescent population (MacLEan, Embry, & Cauce, 1999). The 2004 Conference of Mayors Study found that about 5% of the homeless in the United States are unaccompanied youth (CRS Report for Congress, 2005).

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Loosemore, Martin, Jemma Bridgeman, Hugh Russell, and Suhair Zaid Alkilani. "Preventing Youth Homelessness through Social Procurement in Construction: A Capability Empowerment Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063127.

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Homelessness is a serious and growing problem in the UK, exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis. The latest figures estimate that 160,000 households are at risk of the worst forms of homelessness. Employment is widely recognised as being critical to reducing homelessness, yet there has been no research into the role that the construction industry, as a major UK employer, can play in reducing this problem. The aim of this paper is to address this gap in knowledge and contribute to the emerging social procurement debate in construction by exploring the role that construction employment can play in reducing the risk of homelessness. Mobilising Sen’s and Nussbaum’s capabilities empowerment approach, an in-depth case study is presented of a construction employment program in Wales, UK, which was aimed at supporting young people who had experienced or who were at risk of homelessness. Contributing to the emerging social value and social procurement debate in construction and drawing on documentary analysis and interviews with young people who were homeless or at risk of homelessness who went through the program, findings indicate that these young people became empowered in ways which reduced their risk of homelessness. It is concluded that the capabilities empowerment framework is valuable in explaining how employment in the construction industry can reduce the risks of homelessness for disadvantaged youth with a care-experienced background or who were known to the criminal justice system.

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Hao, Jennifer, Matthew Beld, Ladan Khoddam-Khorasani, Annesa Flentje, Eva Kersey, Haley Mousseau, Julie Frank, Adam Leonard, Sebastian Kevany, and Carol Dawson-Rose. "Comparing substance use and mental health among sexual and gender minority and heterosexual cisgender youth experiencing homelessness." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0248077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248077.

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Youth homelessness has been demonstrated to disproportionately affect sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth compared to heterosexual cisgender peers. In this context, we aimed to compare health risks between service-seeking SGM and heterosexual cisgender youth experiencing homelessness, including harmful risks stemming from substance use and severity of symptoms of mental health disorders. We recruited 100 racially diverse, unstably housed participants aged 18–24 who access services at an urban non-profit organization in San Francisco, CA. Data analysis included 56 SGM participants who identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, unsure, transgender, and nongender, and 44 heterosexual cisgender participants. In contrast to previous studies reporting significantly higher frequency of substance use and more severe symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among SGM youth compared to heterosexual cisgender peers, many of these health disparities were not observed in our diverse study population of service-seeking youth. Furthermore, with the exception of methamphetamine, SGM participants did not exhibit greater harmful risks resulting from substance use, such as health, social, financial, and legal complications. We discuss the reduced burden of health disparities between SGM and heterosexual cisgender youth in our service-seeking study population within the context of gender- and sexuality-affirming programming offered at the partnering community organization. We conclude that longitudinal data on these tailored community-level interventions are needed to further explore the reduced burden of health disparities observed among service-seeking SGM youth experiencing homelessness in San Francisco in order to continue supporting pathways out of homelessness for youth of all sexual and gender identities nationwide.

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Ferguson, Kristin M., Kimberly Bender, Sanna J. Thompson, Elaine M. Maccio, Bin Xie, and David Pollio. "Social Control Correlates of Arrest Behavior Among Homeless Youth in Five U.S. Cities." Violence and Victims 26, no. 5 (2011): 648–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.5.648.

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This study identified homelessness, substance use, employment, and mental health correlates of homeless youths’ arrest activity in 5 cities. Two hundred thirty-eight street youth from Los Angeles, Austin, Denver, New Orleans, and St. Louis were recruited using comparable sampling strategies. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results reveal that being arrested for criminal activity is associated with length of homelessness, history of juvenile detention and incarceration, receiving income from theft, substance abuse, and mental illness. Arrests are also associated with interactions between lack of formal employment income and receiving income from theft and between drug and alcohol abuse/dependency. Understanding the health and situational factors associated with homeless youths’ delinquent activity has implications for providing more comprehensive health, mental health, and substance abuse services.

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Shelton, Jama, and Lynden Bond. "“It Just Never Worked Out”: How Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth Understand their Pathways into Homelessness." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 98, no. 4 (October 2017): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2017.98.33.

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Many transgender and gender-expansive young people live outside of mainstream society, due to structural barriers that limit access to employment, health care, education, and public accommodations, as well as prejudice and discrimination within their families and communities. These structural barriers can be understood as cisgenderism. Though a growing body of research examines lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth homelessness, gaps in knowledge about the specific experiences of transgender and gender-expansive homeless youth remain. This phenomenological qualitative investigation explored aspects of transgender and gender-expansive youth's experiences related to homelessness. This article focuses on participants' understanding of their pathways into homelessness.

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Brown, Chad. "Naomi Nichols: Youth Work: An Institutional Ethnography of Youth Homelessness." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 44, no. 6 (April 14, 2015): 1344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0279-z.

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Santa Maria, Diane, Marguerita Lightfoot, Adey Nyamathi, Michael Businelle, Mary Paul, Yasmeen Quadri, Nikhil Padhye, Jennifer Jones, and Margarita Calvo Armijo. "A Nurse Case Management HIV Prevention Intervention (Come As You Are) for Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Protocol for a Randomized Wait-list Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): e26716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26716.

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Background Youth experiencing homelessness are more likely than housed youth to experience premature death, suicide, drug overdose, pregnancy, substance use, and mental illness. Yet while youth experiencing homelessness are 6 to 12 times more likely to become infected with HIV than housed youth, with HIV prevalence as high as 16%, many do not access the prevention services they need. Despite adversities, youth experiencing homelessness are interested in health promotion programs, can be recruited and retained in interventions and research studies, and demonstrate improved outcomes when programs are tailored and relevant to them. Objective The study aims to compare the efficacy of a nurse case management HIV prevention and care intervention, titled Come As You Are, with that of usual care among youth experiencing homelessness aged 16 to 25 years. Methods The study is designed as a 2-armed randomized wait-list controlled trial. Participants (n=450) will be recruited and followed up for 9 months after the intervention for a total study period of 12 months. Come As You Are combines nurse case management with a smartphone-based daily ecological momentary assessment to develop participant-driven HIV prevention behavioral goals that can be monitored in real-time. Youth in the city of Houston, Texas will be recruited from drop-in centers, shelters, street outreach programs, youth-serving organizations, and clinics. Results Institutional review board approval (Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston) was obtained in November 2018. The first participant was enrolled in November 2019. Data collection is ongoing. To date, 123 participants have consented to participate in the study, 89 have been enrolled, and 15 have completed their final follow-up. Conclusions There is a paucity of HIV prevention research regarding youth experiencing homelessness. Novel and scalable interventions that address the full continuum of behavioral and biomedical HIV prevention are needed. This study will determine whether a personalized and mobile HIV prevention approach can reduce HIV risk among a hard-to-reach, transient population of youth at high risk. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/26716

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Collins, Julia. "An Evaluation and Analysis of Issues Confronting Homeless LGBT Youth from the Perspective of Social Service Agency Providers." Undergraduate Journal of Service Learning & Community-Based Research 4 (November 22, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56421/ujslcbr.v4i0.211.

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Homelessness is an acute condition of poverty that has been a continuous concern in the United States. While single adult men account for the majority of the homeless population, the number of children, youths, single mothers, and poor or working poor experiencing homelessness in the United States is steadily increasing, making it an even larger social problem for the future of this country (Hernandez Jozefowicz-Simbeni and Israel 2006, 37). In the midst of the recession following the financial turmoil in 2008, poverty and unemployment increased more tremendously for young adults ages 18 to 24 than for other adult age groups in the United States (Toolis and Hammack 2015, 50). Likewise, unaccompanied youth are a continuously growing portion of the vulnerable homeless population. By definition, unaccompanied homeless youth are younger than the age of 22, live without any variation of parental guidance on a daily basis, and lack a fixed and regular shelter complete with care and supervision (Massachusetts Appleseed Center for Law and Justice 2012, 2). Records from 2008 indicate that over 1.6 million United States youth under the age of 18 experienced some form of homelessness annually, while the number of young people in general experiencing an episode of homelessness in a year is estimated at 750,000 to 2 million (Massachusetts Appleseed Center for Law and Justice 2012, 2; Toolis and Hammack 2015, 50). In addition to this, a study from the National Health Care for the Homeless Council found that young adults also, on average, have less income, fewer benefits, less saved money, less support socially, and little to no knowledge about housing benefits and resources in comparison to older adults (Toolis and Hammock 2015, 50).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Youth homelessness'

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