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1
김광영. "Structure of Transcendence of Yuan Zaju 「Yuan ting jing」: Rite of Passage." Journal of Chinese Cultural Studies ll, no. 31 (February 2016): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18212/cccs.2016..31.008.
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Zuo, Zheng Xi, Sheng Gao Cheng, and Yi Shi. "Moat Water Quality Assessment and Pollution of the Kowloon Yuan in Jing Zhou City." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.843.
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The moat is one environmental part on the landscape of the historical and cultural tourism in Jing Zhou City. This paper Jing Zhou city moat Kowloon Yuan area for water pollution investigation. In view of the Jing Zhou Kowloon Yuan area moat water pollution, This paper has made an investigation about this, Through the analysis of experiment on the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) by singlefactor evaluation method. We have made a comprehensive analysis of the moat water environment and the pollution of its environment factors, Finally, We found that the water pollution and the the external behavior of the moat is due to the change of city life sewage and the lack of sewage treatment, On the basis of which, the corresponding counter measures are put forward.
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Wei, Heyi, and Wenhua Jiang. "Translation of the ‘Landscape Architecture’ Into Chinese and How to Build the Discipline of Landscape Architecture in China?" International Research in Education 8, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ire.v8i1.16381.
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The translation and connotation of landscape architecture (LA) caused a lot of controversy in academia when the term ‘LA’ was introduced to China. In this study, we summarized the different opinions of Chinese scholars based on the origin, evolution, and professional contents of LA, which can be divided into ‘Jing Guan Jian Zhu’ (Chinese Pinyin), ‘Jing Guan She Ji’, and ‘Feng Jing Yuan Lin’. Finally, this article provides strategies and suggestions for enhancing the development of LA when the first-level discipline is established in China, and the aim is to narrow the gap with the international community.
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Yan, Gui, Zhang Tianju, and Han Liebao. "The Study of Chui Wan, a Golf-like Game in the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties of Ancient China." Journal of Sport History 39, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.2.283.
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Abstract Chui wan was a game that was once very popular in the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties of ancient China. It bore a strong resemblance to the game of golf. According to the records, chui wan originated from the ancient polo game in the Song Dynasty, and its development culminated in the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty but then it disappeared sometime in the Qing Dynasty. Wan Jing, the first monograph about chui wan in Chinese history, described the game in detail. This article introduces the history of chui wan and also the site choice, equipment, rules, strategies, and etiquette of the game as described in the book, Wan Jing. The authors hope it will help with future studies and research on the potential relations between chui wan and golf.
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Yue, Guoyou, and Boonsub Panichakarn. "A Review Of The Research On Emergency Logistics Of Tropical Cyclone Disasters In Guangxi." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(47).
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It is found that Guangxi is affected by many tropical cyclones (generally referred to as typhoons in China) every year. According to the statistics of typhoons that entered the inland of Guangxi from 1970 to 2013, 89 typhoons entered Guangxi in 44 years, with an average of 2 typhoons per year (Jing Li, Liyan Qi, 2015). And these tropical cyclone disasters have caused a large number of casualties and economic losses in Guangxi. Typhoon No. 0606 "Prapiroon" entered Guangxi from Yulin city, causing 74 counties (cities and districts) in Guangxi to suffer disasters, affecting 5.76 million people, killing 34 people and causing direct economic losses of 7 billion yuan (Jing Li, et al., 2007). In addition, according to the report of Guangxi Civil Affairs Department, super typhoon No. 1409 "Rammasun" landed in Fangchenggang area of Beibu Gulf, causing 4.3211 million people in 11 cities and 57 counties (cities and districts) including Beihai and Fangchenggang to suffer disaster, affecting 1.456 million hectares of crops, 8,527 farmhouses collapsed, and the direct economic losses reached 13.84 billion yuan. Moreover, the number and intensity of tropical cyclone that caused serious damage to Guangxi increased gradually. Keywords: Emergency Logistics, Tropical Cyclone Disasters, Emergency Supplies Requirements, Emergency Supplies Dispatching, Guangxi
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Gyootag Shin. "A Comparative Study on Yi-Tian(義天)and Jing-Yuan(淨源)." JOURNAL OF ASIAN PHILOSOPHY IN KOREA ll, no. 27 (July 2007): 229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19065/japk..27.200707.229.
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PARK, Yongjin. "Publication and Distribution of the Kezhu Miaofa lianhua jing in the Yuan Period." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 64, no. 2 (2016): 1013–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.64.2_1013.
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Eul-Matern, Christina. "Allergiebehandlung in der TCVM." Zeitschrift für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin 35, no. 02 (May 2021): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1368-1326.
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ZusammenfassungDie traditionelle chinesische Medizin (TCM) betrachtet und behandelt Zustände wie allergische Reaktionen nicht auf der Oberfläche der äußeren Zeichen wie Juckreiz, Schwellung, Rötung, sondern interpretiert körperliche Reaktionen im Außen als Zeichen tiefer liegender Schwächung des Systems wegen anhaltender Reizung durch einen pathogenen Restfaktor. Laut Kapitel 63 des Ni Jing Su Wen werden die Hauptleitbahnen durch Sonderleitbahnen enger verknüpft, sodass eine stabile Innen-Außen-Beziehung besteht. Außerdem bringen sie das Qi und Blut aller Meridiane bis zum Gesicht und Kopf. Sie transportieren Wei Qi und Yuan Qi. Über sie können exogene pathogene Faktoren nach innen und außen gelangen. Ihre Aufgabe ist der Schutz der tiefer liegenden Organe (Zang Fu) und der Hauptmeridiane. Insbesondere werden sie aktiv, wenn das Yuan Qi nicht jahreszeitlich angepasst reagieren kann und allergische Reaktionen auftreten. Durch spezielle Akupunkturkonzepte ist es möglich, den jeweiligen pathogenen Restfaktor über die betroffene Sonderleitbahn auszuleiten und den Organismus zu entlasten.
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Yue, Guoyou, and Boonsub Panichakarn. "Building an Awareness Model of Emergency Supplies Dispatching for Tropical Cyclone Disasters in Guangxi." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(171).
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It is found that Guangxi is affected by many tropical cyclones (generally referred to as typhoons in China) every year. According to the statistics of typhoons that entered the inland of Guangxi from 1970 to 2013, 89 typhoons entered Guangxi in 44 years, with an average of 2 typhoons per year (Jing Li, Liyan Qi, 2015). And these tropical cyclone disasters have caused a large number of casualties and economic losses in Guangxi. Typhoon No. 0606 "Prapiroon" entered Guangxi from Yulin city, causing 74 counties (cities and districts) in Guangxi to suffer disasters, affecting 5.76 million people, killing 34 people and causing direct economic losses of 7 billion yuan (Jing Li, et al., 2007). In addition, according to the report of Guangxi Civil Affairs Department, super typhoon No. 1409 "Rammasun" landed in Fangchenggang area of Beibu Gulf, causing 4.3211 million people in 11 cities and 57 counties (cities and districts) including Beihai and Fangchenggang to suffer disaster, affecting 1.456 million hectares of crops, 8,527 farmhouses collapsed, and the direct economic losses reached 13.84 billion yuan. Moreover, the number and intensity of tropical cyclone that caused serious damage to Guangxi increased gradually. The damage caused by tropical cyclone is very huge, the disaster area is widely distributed, and the loss of many people is also very large. How to deliver the emergency supplies to the victims timely at minimum cost becomes the key to disaster relief. But the emergency supplies dispatching involves many problems. Because the displaced people are distributed in different settlements. The extent of the impact varies from place to place and the type and amount of emergency supplies needed. The distance between settlements and distribution centers varies from place to place, as does the connectivity of roads. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an awareness model for emergency supplies dispatching to solve these problems, so that emergency agencies of governments at all levels can make emergency supplies dispatching scheme faster and improve disaster relief effects. Keywords: Emergency Logistics, Tropical Cyclone Disasters, Emergency Supplies Dispatching, Transshipment Problem, Guangxi
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Han, Jaehee, Soonil Hwang, Hyebin Lee, and Jens Braarvig. "Further Reflections on Zhi Qian’s Foshuo Pusa Benye Jing: Some Terminological Questions." Religions 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080634.
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Zhi Qian (支謙, fl. ca. 220–257 CE), a prolific Yuezhi-Chinese translator of Indian Buddhist scriptures into Chinese, is widely known for his broad range of styles and terminology. For several decades, his translation activities and his legacy in the history of Chinese Buddhist literature have been a rich field of research, particularly within the context of the transmission of Buddhism from India to China. In the present article, as a follow-up study to “Buddhism for Chinese readers: Zhi Qian’s Literary Refinements in the Foshuo pusa benye jing,” recently published by the authors in this journal, we offer additional reflections on distinctive features of Zhi Qian’s language. We focus on four unusual and interesting renderings in the Foshuo pusa benye jing (佛說菩薩本業經, T. 281), namely (1) santu 三塗; (2) shezui 捨罪; (3) kong 空, wu xiang 無想 and bu yuan 不願; and (4) sishi buhu 四時不護. Through an analysis of these words and phrases, we discuss Zhi Qian’s translation techniques and lexical idiosyncrasies, highlighting their significance in our understanding of the dynamics of language contact and change in the early period of the Chinese Buddhist tradition. Thus, the paper investigates some key Buddhist terms as coined by the early translators on the basis of the classical Chinese and illustrates the semantic changes of the Chinese language taking place in the period as well as influence of Buddhist regimes of knowledge.
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Cho, Myungje. "The significance of acceptance of 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing(大顚和尙注心經)』 in the late Goryeo period." Korean Institute for Buddhist Studies 57 (August 31, 2022): 181–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.34275/kibs.2022.57.181.
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『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 is the most published and valued annotation book in Korean Buddhism. Previous research on 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 has remained at the level where bibliographic research on identifying the author of the book as well as clarifying the meaning of several editions is presented.
The received idea that the author of the book was DadianBaotong[大顚寶通] in the Tang dynasty, needs to be re-examined. On the basis of the review of the preface record of 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 as well as the fact that lots of phrases of the Chan Sect in the Song dynasty were cited in the book, it is reasonable to conclude that the author was DadianLiaotong[大顚了通], who belonged to the line leading to the CaoDong sect[曹洞宗]'s TouziYiqing[投子義靑]-FurongDaokai[芙蓉道楷]-ChzntiWeizhao[闡提惟照]-DadianLiaotong. In short, it is clear that 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 was written before Zhang Jiucheng[張九成]'s annotation, which was written between the end of Northern Song and the beginning of Southern Song dynasty.
The background of Dadian's writing of 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 is related to the intellectual trends of the CaoDong sect after the Northern Song period. It is worth noting that a number of scripture annotations, including 『Bore boluomiduo xinjing(般若心經)』 and 『The Diamond Sutra(金剛經)』, were written in the CaoDong sect. In addition, the CaoDong sect also presented Songgojip(頌古集) and Pyungchangrok(評唱錄) as Gongan chan[公案禪] became popular.
The result of examining what kind of zen monk’s works were quoted in the 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 also shows the characteristics of the trend that was prominent in the CaoDong sect. For example, Dadian cited a lot of Odosong(悟道頌) and Gongan of the monks of Shitou(石頭) sect, and valued Songgo(頌古) works that were championed by the CaoDong sect in the Song period. In addition, unlike other annotation documents, which consisted of didactic stories, the 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 was written in the way that Dadian carefully selected and cited the zen monks’ Chakeo(著語) during the Song period.
It is possible that 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 was handed down to Goryeo in the 12th and 13th centuries in the process of vast acceptance of zen monk’s works in the Song period. However, was first published and enthusiastically received at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, when the Shidafu[士大夫] increasingly levelled criticism at Buddhism.
In order to respond to such trend, the Buddhist community proposed the Consistency of Three Religion(三敎一致論), that is, Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism. 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 had a deep influence on the Quanzhenjiao[全眞敎] during the Song and Yuan period. The book was accepted in earnest at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty as it had content consistent with the theory of unity.
In addition, there was an intellectual demand for the critique of Gongan[公案] amid the popularity of Ganwhaseon(看話禪) at the end of Goryeo dynasty. It is also worth noting that the writings of zen Buddhist monks were more widely accepted than those presented in the non-Zen Buddhism[敎宗] during the time when Zen Buddhism led the Buddhist world. In conclusion, the acceptance and popularity of 『Dadian he shang zhu xin jing』 from the late Goryeo Dynasty to the Joseon Dynasty can be attributed to this ideological trend.
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Liu, Wenjing, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ruijuan Ma, and Mingliang Yu. "Comparison of Aroma Trait of the White-Fleshed Peach ‘Hu Jing Mi Lu’ and the Yellow-Fleshed Peach ‘Jin Yuan’ Based on Odor Activity Value and Odor Characteristics." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030245.
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Peach flesh colors and aromas impact greatly on consumer behaviors and these two traits are closely associated in white- and yellow-fleshed peaches. However, current understanding of their aromas is rather limited and confined to the concentration differences of some volatiles. Therefore, this study aims to compare the overall aromas of the white-fleshed peach ‘Hu Jing Mi Lu’ (HJML) and yellow-fleshed peach ‘Jin Yuan’ (JY), two fresh cultivars with intense aromas and industrial influence by applications such as HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis, odor activity value evaluations, and odor note analysis. The significant contributions of 26 odor-active compounds to their aromas were revealed. Among which, 15 compounds showed no concentration differences and contributed to the fruity, floral, sweet, etc., odors in both HJML and JY; (E)-2-nonenal, 1-pentanol, and styrene showed significantly higher concentrations in HJML and conveyed much stronger fusel-like and balsamic odors; likewise, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, octanal, nonanal, and 3,5-octadien-2-one showed significantly higher concentrations in JY and conveyed much stronger banana, citrus-like, and honey odors; besides, benzyl alcohol, 1-heptanol, 1-octen-3-ol, and 3-octanone with woody, earthy, mushroom, and lavender odors were exclusively detected in HJML. Overall, apart from the common and stronger specific odors in either the white- or yellow-fleshed peach cultivar, the white-fleshed peach was endowed with a unique aroma.
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YoungHo Jeong. "A Comparative Research of Jing-Hua-Yuan(鏡花緣) and Di-Yi-Qi-Yan(第一奇諺)." Journal of the research of chinese novels ll, no. 26 (September 2007): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17004/jrcn.2007..26.015.
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Shih-Pe, Wang, and Erxin Wang. "Plays within Songs: Sanqu Songs from Literary Refinement (ya) to Popular Appeal (su)." Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 307–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23290048-9299658.
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Abstract Through detailed analysis of several case studies, this essay investigates a special form of sanqu 散曲 song, namely, songs that embed references to dramas (quzhong daixi 曲中帶戲). A long song suite (changtao 長套) by Yuan author Sun Jichang 孫季昌 (fl. 14th century) is the best-known example of a pastiche of zaju play titles and dramatic protagonists intended to stimulate and guide readers' imagination. When late Ming dramatist Shen Jing 沈璟 (1553–1610) imitated Sun's pastiche song suite, he painstakingly sought to disrupt the obvious association between lyric and invoked play in an appeal to the literati aesthetic of lyrical indirection. Another, shorter song suite from the Ming, this one by an anonymous author, incorporates chuanqi play titles with little literary embellishment, catering to popular tastes. Finally, set to the tunes “Pipo yu” 劈破玉 and “Gua zhen'er” 掛真兒, popular songs featuring chuanqi play titles appear in three late Ming miscellanies. As these songs describe their source play's main protagonists and plot elements, they may be seen as expressing the voice of commoners and at the same time promoting ethical values. Taken together, these examples illustrate that it was not unusual for sanqu songs to incorporate dramatic references. This blending of song and drama can be traced to the arbitrary Yuan dynasty definition of yuefu 樂府 (literally, “Music Bureau songs”) and its relationship with sanqu songs. Thus the heterogeneous and inclusive nature characteristic of sanqu songs can be viewed in a new light.
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Lee, Geun-myung. "Kithan's Invasion and Domination of North China in the mid-10th Century." Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University 56 (August 31, 2022): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2022.56.183.
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Late Tang Shi Jing-tang called on Kithan to aid after the rebellion.
As a result, Kithan dispatched troops to destroy Late Tang and help Shi Jing-tang to establish Late Jin. Shi Jing-tang gave Yan-yun-shi-liu-zhou to Kithan in return for this support and paid a huge regular payment of property every year.
Shi Jing-tang devoted himself to Kithan's Tai-zong through his reign; the provision of supplies was also faithful. Due to this attitude of Shi Jing-tang, no problems occurred between Kithan and Late Jin during his reign.
However, change occurred in 942 when Shi Jing-tang died. Late Jin refused to call himself a servant to Kithan. Kithan then angered and decided on the policy of the invasion of Late Jin. Kithan began the invasion in 946 and destroyed Late Jin. In 947, Tai-zong of Kithan entered Kaifeng, the capital of Late Jin. Since then, Tai-zong has also tried to stabilize order immediately.
Tai-zong, after stabilizing Kaifeng's situation, performed a ceremony to be crowned emperor. His emperor's ceremony followed thoroughly Chinese conventions. The country's name was also changed to Liao.
Tai-zong hoped to be accepted as a Chinese monarch by the people of North China.
He was directed toward Chinese domination and Chinese monarchy, but lacked understanding of the principles of Chinese administrative organizations, and thus the domination of Liao caused resentment of the people in various places. In this situation, in March 947, Tai-zong of Kithan abandoned direct rule of North China and returned to the north. The withdrawal of Tai-zong was apparently an arbitrage of failures over North China's rule.
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Yuan, Dongdong, Dongdong zhang, Hongyan Sun, Mingkun Zhang, Liyou Dong, Cunxiang Ju, Shuai Li, Huiyi Wang, Jing Zhao, and Xiang Gao. "Abstract 5622: Preclinical evaluation of humanized PD1/GITR combination therapy using double humanized mouse." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5622.
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Abstract GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein) is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, expressed on many kinds of cells including T cells, attracting attention as a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule. GITRL, the ligand of GITR is mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells. GITR/GITRL interaction plays an important role on the development of immune response, which can serve as promising anti-tumor target. While more than twenty anti-GITR antibodies are at clinical stages, combination treatments of GITR agonist and PD-1 inhibitor may be a better choice. Thus, there is a need for pre-clinical mouse model to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of humanized PD1/GITR antibodies. Gempharmatech established PD1/GITR double humanized mouse line on a BALB/c background, in which the extracellular domain of mGITR was replaced with its human counterparts while the trans-membrane and cytoplasmic domain kept intact, as well as the same strategy of PD1. BALB/c-hPD1/hGITR mouse could successfully express similar levels of hGITR and hPD1 compared with BALB/c wild type mice. Moreover, no immune or developmental abnormalities were observed in the humanized mouse. Anti-GITR combination with anti-PD1 presented greater tumor growth inhibition than anti-PD1 or anti-GITR monotherapies in PD1/GITR double humanized mouse bearing CT26 tumors. In summary, BALB/c-hPD1/hGITR are valuable models for the pre-cilincal evaluation of candidate humanized PD1/GITR combination treatment or bispecific antibody therapies. Citation Format: Dongdong Yuan, Dongdong zhang, Hongyan Sun, Mingkun Zhang, Liyou Dong, Cunxiang Ju, Shuai Li, Huiyi Wang, Jing Zhao, Xiang Gao. Preclinical evaluation of humanized PD1/GITR combination therapy using double humanized mouse [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5622.
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Zhang, Guoqing, Jing Yuan, Chaohu Pan, Qing Xu, Xiaoli Cui, Jing Zhang, Minglu Liu, et al. "Abstract CT544: Multi-omics analysis uncovers prognostic biomarkers and tumor ecosystem dynamics during toripalimab combined with nab-paclitaxel and s-1 as neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal squamous carcinoma: A single-center, open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): CT544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-ct544.
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Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy has been applied to the treatment of ESCC. However, the optimal regimen needs to be further explored, and the mechanisms by which the ICI combined with chemotherapy modulates the evolution of ESCC are unknown. Methods: In this single-arm phase 2 trial, patients received nab-paclitaxel 260 mg/m2 for 2 cycles and oral S-1 (d1-14, bid) for two weeks, combined with 240 mg intravenous toripalimab for 2 cycles before surgery. The primary outcome was the major pathological response (MPR). Biopsies and plasma before and after neoadjuvant therapy were analyzed for whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, PD-L1 expression and 92 proteins using proximity extension assay technology. Results: After neoadjuvant therapy, 26 patients (48.15%) achieved MPR, 16 (29.63%) achieved pCR. 18.3% of the patients experienced grade ≥3 AEs. Compared to patients PD-L1-low, patients with PD-L1-high had a significant higher ratio of PR. During therapy, TMB and TNB were significantly decreased in PR patients, and the ratio of gained and increased clones were significantly lower in MPR patients than nonMPR patients, while the lost and decreased clones were significantly higher in MPR patients than nonMPR patients. Transcriptome analyses before and during therapy revealed CD8 and CD4 T cells were increased in all patients, however, the exhausted cells, nTreg and iTreg were significantly increased in nonMPR patients. Proteins analyses revealed the levels of TRAIL and MUC16 were significantly increased in MPR and PR patients, respectively, while the levels of IFN-γ and IL18 were significantly decreased in MPR and PR patients, respectively. And the expression of ADA, ARG1, CD83, TNFRSF4 and VEGFR2 in plasma were found to be related with serious adverse events. Conclusion: In this study, neoadjuvant therapy with toripalimab, nab-paclitaxel and S-1 was well tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity in patients with resectable ESCC, and the changes of genomic, transcriptome, PD-L1 expression and proteins in plasma were comprehensively analyzed and correlated with clinical outcomes, which provided insight into the mechanism of action of Toripalimab combined with nab-Paclitaxel and S-1 in ESCC patients. Citation Format: Guoqing Zhang, Jing Yuan, Chaohu Pan, Qing Xu, Xiaoli Cui, Jing Zhang, Minglu Liu, Zhigang Song, Liangliang Wu, Dongfang Wu, Bo Yang, Haitao Luo, Yi Hu, Shunchang Jiao. Multi-omics analysis uncovers prognostic biomarkers and tumor ecosystem dynamics during toripalimab combined with nab-paclitaxel and s-1 as neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal squamous carcinoma: A single-center, open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT544.
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Gu, Xiao Xu, Zhu Long Li, and Wei Shi. "Main Points of Environmental Protection in Three Jiang Yuan Area." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4741.
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This article analyses ecological environment in three jiang yuan area, and deeply studies main technical points of environmental protection. While it takes examples from environmental improvement on Qinghai-Tibet highway,puts up main technical points of environmental protection in Xining-Yushu road, and suggests research interests of environmental protection in three jiang yuan area. So this article plays an important guidance for road construction in three jiang yuan area.
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Liu, Ye, Jing Li, Zhuo Li, Qin Wang, Xing Zhou, Xiaoxin Liu, Bo Zhang, et al. "Abstract 5541: BGB-15025, a potent and selective HPK1 inhibitor, is efficacious as a single agent or in combination with PD-1 antibody in multiple tumor models." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5541.
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Abstract Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), a hematopoietic cell-restricted serine/threonine protein kinase, has been reported to serve as a critical negative feedback regulator of T lymphocytes by phosphorylating the adaptor protein SLP76 in the TCR complex. The negative feedback role of HPK1 in TCR signaling makes it a promising target for immuno-oncology therapy. It has been recently demonstrated that the kinase activity of HPK1 is essential for its antitumor activity, and HPK1 inhibitors can be potentially combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (such as PD-1 antibody) for effective cancer treatment. Here, we report a potent and selective HPK1 inhibitor BGB-15025 which has been identified through in-house high throughput screening and structure-guided drug design. BGB-15025 potently inhibits HPK1 kinase activity in biochemical assay, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.04 nM under Km concentration of ATP. Consistently, BGB-15025 can potently reduce SLP76 phosphorylation and increase downstream ERK phosphorylation in a concentration dependent manner in T cells-based assay. As a consequence, BGB-15025 induces TCR activation and IL-2 production in T cells. Based on in-house profiling, BGB-15025 shows good selectivity profile among MAP4K family and does not affect ZAP70 phosphorylation up to 1 μM. Oral administration of BGB-15025 demonstrates dose-dependent pSLP76 inhibition in splenic T cells and induces serum IL-2 in mouse model. In efficacy studies, BGB-15025 exhibits anti-tumor activity in GL261 tumor model as single agent. Moreover, BGB-15025 demonstrated combination effect with anti-PD-1 antibody in CT26 and EMT-6 syngeneic tumor models. BGB-15025 is currently in phase I clinical trial to treat patients with advanced solid tumor, both as a single agent and in combination with anti PD-1 antibody tislelizumab. Citation Format: Ye Liu, Jing Li, Zhuo Li, Qin Wang, Xing Zhou, Xiaoxin Liu, Bo Zhang, Xitao Wang, Sanjia Xu, Hanzi Sun, Xiaomin Song, Xi Yuan, Zhiwei Wang, Xuesong Liu. BGB-15025, a potent and selective HPK1 inhibitor, is efficacious as a single agent or in combination with PD-1 antibody in multiple tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5541.
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Zhu, Xiaoguan, Yuan Lu, Jing Guo, Dan Yan, Boyan Li, Xiaoping Chen, Haibo Chen, et al. "Abstract 5443: BPI-421286: A highly potent small molecule inhibitor targeting KRASG12C mutation." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5443.
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Abstract KRAS is a GTP-binding protein that links receptor tyrosine kinase activation to intracellular signaling. Mutation of KRAS favors the GTP-bound active state and constitutive activation of downstream effects. KRASG12C mutation has been identified as an oncogenic driver of tumorigenesis, which is found in approximately 14% of lung cancer, 4% of colorectal (CRC), and 1-3% of other solid tumors. Herein, we report BPI-421286, a highly potent and selective covalent small molecular KRASG12C inhibitor. In vitro, BPI-421286 showed a high Kinact/Ki value (256,000 M-1 s-1), and inhibited KRAS-GTP/GDP exchange with a lower IC50 (55 nM). In cell-based assays, BPI-421286 suppressed proliferation of KRASG12C mutant cell lines with sub-nanomolar potency, but did not affect cell lines with wide type or non-G12C KRAS mutations. BPI-421286 also inhibited phospho-ERK in MIA PaCa-2 cell with a low IC50 value (2.9 nM). In vivo, daily oral administration of 3-100 mg/kg BPI-421286 led to tumor growth suppression or regression in multiple KRASG12C mutant xenograft or PDX models of NSCLC, CRC and PDAC. The in vivo PKPD in MIA PaCa-2 xenograft model showed that durable pERK inhibition can be achieved without continuous drug exposure, featuring BPI-421286 as a covalent, non-reversible KRAS inhibitor. Combining BPI-421286 with several targeted agents, including a SHP2 inhibitor BPI-442096 and a CDK4/6 inhibitor BPI-16350, demonstrated enhanced tumor growth inhibition compared to either agent alone. Notably, for the acquired resistance mutations that are clinically observed after KRASG12C inhibitor treatment, such as G12C/H95D, G12C/H95Q, G12C/R68S and G12C/Y96C, BPI-421286 also exhibited strong inhibitory activities, suggesting that BPI-421286 could overcome the acquired resistance of currently approved KRASG12C inhibitors. Taken together, BPI-421286 is a highly potent and selective KRASG12C inhibitor, with favorable ADME properties and wide therapeutic index in pre-clinical toxicology studies. BPI-421286 is currently in Phase 1 clinical study. Citation Format: Xiaoguan Zhu, Yuan Lu, Jing Guo, Dan Yan, Boyan Li, Xiaoping Chen, Haibo Chen, Hong Lan, Hao Wu, Lieming Ding, Jiabing Wang. BPI-421286: A highly potent small molecule inhibitor targeting KRASG12C mutation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5443.
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Jing, Ying, Yuan Liu, Qiang Li, and Leng Han. "Abstract 4082: Expression of chimeric antigen receptor therapy targets in subpopulations detected by single-cell sequencing of normal cells may contribute to off-tumor toxicity." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 4082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4082.
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Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered cell therapy, which leverages genetically modified immune cells to generate a tailored immune response, has revolutionized cancer treatment (Dougan et al., 2021; Hong et al., 2020). The number, type and indications of clinical trials for CAR-engineered cell therapies have increased rapidly in recent years (MacKay et al., 2020). However, serious and potentially life-threaten toxicities, such as on-target, off-tumor effects, remain a major limitation of CAR-engineered cell therapies (Dougan et al., 2021; MacKay et al., 2020). To better understand the effects of CAR-directed immunotherapy, a systematic single-cell-level dissection of the expression of divergent CAR targets in various cell types across different normal tissues is urgently required. We analyzed the expression of 591 CAR targets, including 71 that were employed in clinical trials up to January 2021 and 520 that were predicted to have favorable safety profiles (MacKay et al., 2020), in two independent single-cell cohorts, including 342,755 adult cell scRNA-seq data from human cell landscape (HCL) based on Microwell-seq (Han et al., 2020), and 84,363 adult cell scRNA-seq data from adult human cell atlas (AHCA) based on 10× Genomics (He et al., 2020). We used a stringent cutoff by defining a CAR target as a potentially risky gene (PRG) if it was measurable in more than 100 non-immune cells and more than 2% of the total cells in at least three normal tissues. We identified 92 and 88 PRGs from HCL and AHCA by employing this criterion, with 57 PRGs shared in both HCL and AHCA datasets (hypergeometric test p = 7.17×10-29), suggesting the robustness of our analysis. To aid the research community in the design of CAR targets, we developed a user-friendly data portal, CAR target gene toxicity at single-cell level (CARTSC) (https://hanlab.tamhsc.edu/CARTSC/), to allow for browsing and searching the single target and logical ‘and’ design switch expressions at the single-cell level. Citation Format: Ying Jing, Yuan Liu, Qiang Li, Leng Han. Expression of chimeric antigen receptor therapy targets in subpopulations detected by single-cell sequencing of normal cells may contribute to off-tumor toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4082.
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Guo, Shuchun. "Jin-Yuan Mathematics and Quanzhen Taoism." Journal for History of Mathematics 29, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14477/jhm.2016.29.6.325.
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Chao, Xue-lin, Shu-zhen Jiang, Jian-wen Xiong, Jin-qiong Zhan, Bo Wei, Chun-nuan Chen, and Yuan-jian Yang. "Erratum to: Changes of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Response to Negative Symptom Improvements in Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Atypical Antipsychotics." Current Medical Science 40, no. 5 (October 2020): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11596-020-2256-3.
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The article “Changes of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Response to Negative Symptom Improvements in Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Atypical Antipsychotics”, written by Xue-lin CHAO, Shu-zhen JIANG, Jian-wen XIONG, Jin-qiong ZHAN, Bo WEI, Chun-nuan CHEN, Yuan-jian YANG was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on June 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice, the copyright of the article is changed to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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Xiaoyun, Zheng. "The Culture of the Huayao Dai and its Prospects - Comparative Research on the Cultural Characteristics of the Dai Peoples Living in the Upper Reaches of the Red River." MANUSYA 5, no. 2 (2002): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00502002.
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Tai people, formally known as of Dai nationality in China, number 1.1 million. One of the greatest concentrated region of Dai people in China is the reaches of the Red River, called the Yuan Jiang River. Here their ethnic culture is particularly to be found. The Dai people of the Red River number about 150,000 which is 13% of the total Dai population of China. Furthermore about half of those 150,000 live in Xin Ping and Yuan Jiang counties, on the upper reaches of the river. Traditionally, the Dai people of the upper Red River were called Huayao Dai, or "Flower Waist" Dai, because of the long and colourful waistband which is an ethnic symbol of the women. The Huayao Dai comprise various sub-ethnic groups, such as Dai Ya, Dai Ka and Dai Saai in Xin Ping county, and Dai Ya, Dai Zhong, Dai Zhang and Dai De in Yuan Jiang county. The Huayao Dai have various cultural features which distinguish them from other Dai. 1) Ethnic fmery, such as the women's waistband, which has a varied cultural significance. 2) Adobe houses, quite different from those of the Dai people outside this region. 3) Festivals, many of which are shared with the Han, but have their own features. The Flower Fair Festival is Huayao Dai. 4) An Animist religion, similar to that of other Dai, but with certain distinguishing features.
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Cao, Yang. "A Model of Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage by Commercial Three-Dimensional Animation - Taking “Little Master of Brocade” as an Example." Asian Culture and History 10, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v10n1p1.
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Though China has carried out protection of intangible cultural heritage by three-dimensional animation, to protect intangible cultural heritage by commercial three-dimensional animation still requires further discussion and promotion. “Little Master of Brocade” (Yun Jing Xiao Dang Jia) is a cartoon gaining a good reputation at home and abroad and it has achieved certain economic benefits and social and cultural benefits in respect of protection of intangible cultural heritage. On the basis the status of protection of intangible cultural heritage by three-dimensional animation, this paper discussed a new model and the future trend of protection of intangible cultural heritage by commercial three-dimensional animation by taking “Little Master of Brocade” (Yun Jing Xiao Dang Jia) as an example.
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SAITO, Takanobu. "Moral Education for Women and Verse in the Yuyan jing." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 59, no. 1 (2010): 476–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.59.1_476.
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SUWANNAPOOM, CHATMONGKON, ZHI-YONG YUAN, JIN-MIN CHEN, MIAN HOU, HAI-PENG ZHAO, LI-JUN WANG, TRUONG SON NGUYEN, et al. "Erratum: CHATMONGKON SUWANNAPOOM, ZHI-YONG YUAN, JIN-MIN CHEN, MIAN HOU, HAI-PENG ZHAO, LI-JUN WANG, TRUONG SON NGUYEN, TRUONG Q. NGUYEN, ROBERT W. MURPHY, JAQUELINE SULLIVAN, DAVID S. MCLEOD & JING CHE (2016) Taxonomic revision of the Chinese Limnonectes (Anura, Dicroglossidae) with the description of a new species from China and Myanmar. Zootaxa, 4093: 181–200." Zootaxa 4137, no. 4 (July 13, 2016): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4137.4.13.
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Salim, Polniwati. "Arsitektur Cina pada Klenteng Jin De Yuan di Kawasan Pecinan Jakarta sebagai suatu Perwujudan Akulturasi Kebudayaan." Humaniora 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v3i2.3341.
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Cultural acculturation can be seen from various aspects, where the fusion of two cultural elements will not remove the could go to Indonesia and was applied to the temples in Indonesia, but still did not leave the cultural elements of Indonesia. Temple Jin De Yuan was one of the many temples in Jakarta, especially in the area of Chinatown, an area in terms of population, form of shelter, social order and the atmosphere of the environment had historically rooted characteristic of cultured Chinese people which was very thick with the architecture Chinese. Article presents how the application of Chinese architecture as a manifestation of Chinese culture and acculturation Indonesia in the temple Jin De Yuan can increase the cultural treasury of Indonesia. The research applied qualitative method and also library research.
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Jia, Keren, Yang Chen, Jiajia Yuan, Changsong Qi, Yanyan Li, Jifang Gong, Jing Gao, et al. "Abstract 6107: Multiplex immunohistochemistry defined the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapeutic outcome in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 6107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-6107.
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Abstract Introduction: The FAST study ignited the hope of CLDN18.2 as a promising novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer (GC). However, the tumor immune-microenvironmental features of CLDN18.2-positive GC is still unclear, making it difficult to develop/optimize CLDN18.2-targeted treatments. Methods: Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) was used to decipher the density and spatial structure of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils in FFPE tumor tissues of 80 GC patients (60 of them received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment). Tumor immune-microenvironmental features and survival distributions stratified by CLDN18.2 were analyzed with two independent-sample t-test and Log-rank test, respectively. Results: We considered mIHC-stained samples with moderate-to-strong CLDN18.2 expression ≥40% of tumor cells as the cutoff for positivity, which shared a high concordance with IHC-based CLDN18.2 staining. The density of CD8+PD-1-, CD8+LAG-3-, and CD8+TIM-3- T cells were significantly higher in CLDN18.2-positive compared with negative tumors (346.28 vs. 204.86/mm2, P=0.011; 436.83 vs. 278.64/mm2, P=0.024; 391.85 vs. 260.72/mm2, P=0.039). In addition, the density of neutrophils (CD66b+) was higher in CLDN18.2-positive than negative group (725.17 vs. 496.23/mm2, P=0.043), while the density of M1 (CD68+CD163-HLA-DR+), M2 macrophages (CD68+CD163+HLA-DR-) and B cells (CD20+) were comparable between CLDN18.2-positive and negative group. In view of spatial analysis, average numbers of CD8+PD1-, CD8+LAG3-, CD8+TIM3-T cells surrounding tumor cells within a 20 μm range were higher in CLDN18.2-positive tumors than in negative group (0.16 vs. 0.09, P=0.011; 0.20 vs. 0.12, P=0.029; 0.18 vs. 0.12, P=0.047). Also, in CLDN18.2-positive group, tumor cells surrounded by CD8+PD1-, CD8+LAG3- T cells or M1 macrophages within a 20 μm range accounted for a higher proportion of all tumor cells than CLDN18.2-negative group (10.79% vs. 6.60%, P=0.015; 12.68% vs. 8.70%, P=0.049; 9.08% vs. 6.56%, P=0.033). These findings suggested that CLDN18.2-positive GC harbored complex immune-microenvironmental features. Additionally, CLDN18.2-positive group had shorter OS/irOS than CLDN18.2-negative group (median OS: 23.33 vs.36.6 months, P<0.001; median irOS: 10.03 vs. 20.13 months, P=0.012). The impact of CLDN18.2-related microenvironmental features on prognosis deserved further investigation. Conclusion: CLDN18.2-positive GC displayed unique immune-microenvironmental characteristics, which provided a phenotypic view for the biological role of CLDN18.2 in GC, and is of great significance for the development of CLDN18.2-targeted therapies. Citation Format: Keren Jia, Yang Chen, Jiajia Yuan, Changsong Qi, Yanyan Li, Jifang Gong, Jing Gao, Xiaotian Zhang, Jian Li, Cheng Zhang, Lin Shen. Multiplex immunohistochemistry defined the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapeutic outcome in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6107.
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Mao, Huiwei. "Comparative Study of Nasij and Jin Duan zi of Mongol Period." Asian Social Science 16, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n5p13.
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The Mongols created exceptionally sumptuous cloths of gold to symbolize their imperial authority and legitimacy, what was known at that time as Nasij or Jin Duan zi. They were developed from different culture and textile system. Nasij was an innovation from Central Asia, the technique attests to the mass movement of weavers from the eastern Iranian world to China during the Mongol period. As for Jin Duan zi, it’s a traditional Chinese textile. Under the special background of Yuan Dynasty, the design of both Nasij and Jin Duan zi have combined eastern and western elements.
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GOLDSCHMIDT, TOM, KANTO NISHIKAWA, SHIMPEI F. HIRUTA, and SATOSHI SHIMANO. "Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China." Zootaxa 4768, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4768.1.3.
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Males and females of three new water mite species of the genus Hygrobates Koch, 1837, subgenus Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) are described. The diagnosis of the subgenus is extended based upon the new material. The new species were all just found on one newt species each: Hygrobates (Lurchibates) intermedius sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano was collected from newts of the species Paramesotriton qixilingensis Yuan, Zhao, Jiang, Hou, He, Murphy & Che, 2014 from Jiangxi Province, China; H. (L.) robustipalpis sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano on Pachytriton inexpectatus Nishikawa, Jiang, Matsui & Mo, 2011 from Guizhou Province, China and H. (L.) pilosus sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano on Paramesotriton yunwuensis Wu, Jiang & Hanken, 2010 found in a pet shop.
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Salim, Polniwati. "Ragam Ornamen Atap Klenteng Jin De Yuan sebagai Salah Satu Aset di Kawasan Kota Tua." Humaniora 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v2i2.3173.
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The Plurality of cultures in the country of Indonesia can be seen from the diverse ethnics and tribal minorities and the majorities either. The numbers of Klenteng/temple as one of the places of worship of minority Chinese community which has now been given freedom by the government of Indonesia, are still very few. Jin De Yuan Klenteng is one of the mainstay of tourism in the Area Chinatown, Glodok who entered the Old City area in the world. Therefore, the aesthetic value in the pagoda is very important to be raised in order to remain attractive as a tourism asset. How the application of aesthetic elements on the exterior of Jin De Yuan temple, and any decoration is used, by looking at the positive side of social relationships and cultural preservation, is the point that must be noticed and developed by all of us.
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Pan, Xiaojuan, Ronald Ochoa, Daochao Jin, and Tianci Yi. "Review on the Genus Stylophoronychus (Acari: Tetranychidae), with Description of a New Species." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121176.
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Only two species of the genus Stylophoronychus, S. baghensis (Prasad, 1975) and S. guangzhouensis (Ma and Yuan, 1980), have been recorded in China. Herein we describe a new species Stylophoronychus wangaePan, Jin & Yi sp. nov. based on characteristics of the deutonymphs and adults. The synonym of S. guangzhouensis (Ma and Yuan, 1980) and S. lalli (Prasad, 1975) with S. vannus (Rimando, 1968) is proposed. A redescription of S. vannus (Rimando, 1968) based on the adults of both sexes, deutonymphs and a protonymph is given. The ontogenetic changes of leg chaetotaxy in two species are given and discussed. The updated key to the species of Stylophoronychus of the world is provided.
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Iiyama, Tomoyasu. "GENEALOGICAL STELES IN NORTH CHINA DURING THE JIN AND YUAN DYNASTIES." International Journal of Asian Studies 13, no. 2 (July 2016): 151–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591416000024.
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Using both long forgotten and newly available steles from North China, this article looks at these ancient monuments to explore the rise and evolution of an epigraphic practice under Jurchen and Mongol rules (1127–1368). In particular it looks at steles erected to record genealogical information (called xianyingbei in general) in north China during the twelfth to fourteenth centuries, which was a new usage for the stele in the area. The article's main aim is to demonstrate how cultural integration among different social strata was triggered by the invasions of the Jurchen and Mongol conquerors, which in turn led to the formation of a new and legitimate way to compile family genealogies in north China.
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Zhi’an, Li. "Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Course of History Since Middle Antiquity." Journal of Chinese Humanities 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2014): 88–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-01010006.
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Abstract Two periods in Chinese history can be characterized as constituting a North/South polarization: the period commonly known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420ad-589ad), and the Southern Song, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties (1115ad-1368ad). Both of these periods exhibited sharp contrasts between the North and South that can be seen in their respective political and economic institutions. The North/South parity in both of these periods had a great impact on the course of Chinese history. Both before and after the much studied Tang-Song transformation, Chinese history evolved as a conjoining of previously separate North/South institutions. Once the country achieved unification under the Sui Dynasty and early part of the Tang, the trend was to carry on the Northern institutions in the form of political and economic administration. Later in the Tang Dynasty the Northern institutions and practices gave way to the increasing implementation of the Southern institutions across the country. During the Song Dynasty, the Song court initially inherited this “Southernization” trend while the minority kingdoms of Liao, Xia, Jin, and Yuan primarily inherited the Northern practices. After coexisting for a time, the Yuan Dynasty and early Ming saw the eventual dominance of the Southern institutions, while in middle to late Ming the Northern practices reasserted themselves and became the norm. An analysis of these two periods of North/South disparity will demonstrate how these differences came about and how this constant divergence-convergence influenced Chinese history.
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Zhao, Cuiyang. "Rime Doublets in Huilin's Yiqie Jing Yinyi and Related Issues." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2012): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-90000101.
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This paper applies probability and statistical analysis to the rime system in Huilin's Yiqie Jing Yingyi. It is found that the two chongniu (rime doublet) categories A and B are clearly differentiated, and for the most part are kept distinct. However, some distinct characteristics emerge when the rime system of Yiqie Jing Yingyi is compared with that of Qieyun. Chongniu category A is closely related to the fourth-grade rimes, while category B is closely related to the ordinary third grade rimes. These two categories can be differentiated through their upper and lower fanqie characters. An overall correspondence between them and the sibilant and dental initials is maintained: The initials yun, lai and those in the zhuang and zhi groups tend to pair with category B rimes, while the initials yi, ri and those in the zhang and jing groups tend to pair with category A rimes, but initials in the zhang and ri groups show traces of switching from category A to category B. The chongniu distinction lies within the medial elements of the rimes.
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Xiao, Ran. "Analysis of the Layout Axis of Jinci in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2601.
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The ancient building group of Jinci gathers different architectures in the dynasty of Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing , which is deserved to be recognized as the national treasure and living ancient architecture archives including more eras. Based on the location, layout, axis of the building arrangement, this essay expounds the layout features and analyses the ancients’ grasp of axis in Jinci.
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Koka, Hela, Yuan Tian, Deng Lu, Kai Yu, Er-Ni Li, Changyuan Guo, Bin Zhu, et al. "Abstract P3-01-26: Mammographic density in relation to breast cancer risk factors among Chinese women." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P3–01–26—P3–01–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p3-01-26.
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Abstract Higher mammographic density (MD) is a known risk factor for breast cancer (BC), however, studies examining determinants of density in Chinese populations are limited. Asian women tend to have higher MD compared to European women, and yet they have a lower overall BC incidence rate. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of established BC risk factors on quantitatively measured MD among Chinese women. The study population included 7,351 Chinese women, who had mammograms at the National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, between 2016 and 2017 for different indications, including but not limited to screening exam, breast pain, and suspected breast tumors. Only subjects with BI-RADS (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System) diagnostic classification of 1 (negative, n= 2,293), 2 (benign, n= 3,519), and 3 (probably benign, n= 1,539) were included in this analysis. VolparaDensity software was used to obtain quantitative MD measures including absolute dense breast volume and percent breast density. We conducted multivariable linear regression modeling on each density measurement to test for its associations with well-established breast cancer risk factors. The mean age of this study population was 50.1 years old (range= (25, 82)), the average body mass index (BMI) was 24.0 kg/m2 (range= (14.2, 48.9)), and about 46% of women were postmenopausal. The mean absolute dense and percent dense volumes were 58.4 (SD= 32.1) and 14.8 (SD= 7.1, equivalent to Volpara Density Grade= 3), respectively. Associations between quantitative MD measures and BC risk factors did not vary significantly across the three BI-RADS diagnostic classes and we therefore combined these patients in subsequent analyses. Most risk factors we examined showed similar associations with dense volume and percent density. For example, both dense volume and percent density were inversely associated with age, parity, longer duration (> 1 year) of breastfeeding, and postmenopausal status, while they were positively associated with age at menopause. In contrast, the associations with age at menarche and BMI showed opposite directions for dense volume and percent density. While increasing BMI was positively associated with dense volume, it was inversely associated with percent density. Age at menarche, however, was inversely correlated with dense volume, but positively associated with percent density. When stratifying by menopausal status, the associations for age, BMI, and parity were similar among pre- and post-menopausal women, while the associations for age at first birth and breastfeeding were stronger among postmenopausal women. In general, observed breast cancer risk factor associations with quantitative breast density metrics in this Chinese population are similar to those previously reported in Western women. We did not observe striking differences in associations of breast density with reproductive factors and BMI among Asian women in this large analysis based on quantitative density measurements. Other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility loci associated with MD should be examined in large Asian studies to further our understanding on how MD influences breast cancer risk in Asian populations. Citation Format: Hela Koka, Yuan Tian, Deng Lu, Kai Yu, Er-Ni Li, Changyuan Guo, Bin Zhu, Jennifer L Guida, Ariane Chan, Nan Hu, Ning Lu, Gretchen Gierach, Jing Li, Xiaohong R Yang. Mammographic density in relation to breast cancer risk factors among Chinese women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-26.
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Wang, Qian, and Qiong Yang. "Ritual, Legend, and Metaphor: Narratives of the Willow in Yuan Zaju." Religions 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13010055.
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Narratives of willow trees in Yuan zaju 雜劇, or variety play, largely come in three types, namely, the ritual performance of shooting willows; the deliverance of willow spirits by Lü Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals of Daoism; and the use of the word willow to refer to women. The willow shooting ritual depicted in Yuan zaju was highly reminiscent of the willow shooting ritual popular throughout the Song (960–1279), Liao (916–1125), Jin (1115–1234), and Yuan (1271–1368) dynasties, with its conceptual origins traceable to the ancient shamanic belief in the willow as a sacred tree prevalent among the Khitans and Jurchens who lived in what is now northeastern China. The legend of Lü Dongbin delivering a willow spirit to immortality is a recurring motif in Han Chinese folklore and Daoist hagiography, which also finds expression in the iconic image of Guanyin Pusa or Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara holding a willow branch with which they cure diseases for people and bring fulfillment to their wishes. The frequent use of “willow leaf-shaped eyebrows” (liumei 柳眉) and “willow-like waist” (liuyao 柳腰) in Yuan zaju as metaphorical references to women can be seen as a continuation of the great literary tradition of Shijing 詩經 (The Book of Songs) and also as a dramatic enactment of the fertility cult of the willow and women in Chinese folk religion. Evidence abounds that the narratives about the willow in Yuan zaju were not a new creation but an artistic manifestation of centuries-old folk belief and literary tradition.
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Yoon, Eun-Sook. "Traffic Routes and Central Bases in Manchuria during the Yuan Dynasty: Focused on the Northern Region of Manchuria." Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 82 (May 31, 2022): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2022.82.29.
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Yuan Dynasty, the first empire that put the entire Manchuria region under its control concentrated the whole power in maintaining the partial traffic routes during Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty into five major traffic routes. As it organically connected the entire Manchuria region through this, the control and development of Manchuria became in earnest by Yuan.
Given that the general functions of posts were the movements of the military and munitions, the smooth delivery of written orders, and tax collection, Yuan Dynasty achieved satisfactory results in the Manchuria region. Especially, through the posts in the Manchuria region, it was possible to deter the Eastern Feudal Lords’ movement to the south to a considerable extent and greatly improve the central government control. Hampyeong located on the central road of Manchuria acted as a strategic base for both Yuan Dynasty and rebel forces. Yuan Dynasty that captured Hampyeong at the end of fierce fighting began to establish a post here in order in 1289 for the procurement of military supplies for the grown occupation forces and the reinforcement of control over Manchurians. It is the largest transportation hub in the Manchuria region as the central axis connecting four routes. Some sections of the northwest road of Manchuria starting from Sangju was a kind of Shuizhan (Water station), all of which were connected as canals passing through the mainstream and branches of Songhua River, which served as an express route to Manchuria during the Yuan Dynasty. As many communication obstacles disappeared thanks to the operation of the post, the economic and cultural exchanges of Dadu with Mongolia and the Manchuria region were revitalized, which served as a momentum to advance the development of Manchuria.
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Yue (余文章), Isaac. "Beefy Outlaws: Beef Consumption in Water Margin and Its Song-Yuan Antecedents." Journal of Chinese Humanities 7, no. 3 (May 2, 2022): 342–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340120.
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Abstract When it comes to the favorite food of the outlaws of Mount Liang, beef is the undisputed champion. The 120-chapter edition of Water Margin has nearly 50 scenes that depict the heroes feasting heartily on beef. The next most frequently evoked type of meat is mutton, but the number of times it is mentioned is only half that of beef and the relevant scenes are depicted with far less detail. Because cattle slaughter and the sale of beef were strictly forbidden during the Song dynasty, an expanding community of researchers considers this choice of food as a subtle reflection of the bandits’ defiance of law and order. However, this school of thought has yet to sufficiently take into account several elements, including the extent to which this law was enforced during the Song dynasty, when the adventures of Song Jiang and his sworn brothers took place; society’s attitude toward beef consumption during this same period; the compilation of the novel in the Ming dynasty and the author’s awareness of historical facts; and the limited presence of beef in the Song-Yuan antecedents of the novel. Taking these points into consideration, this article reexamines the motif of beef consumption in Water Margin and the development of this theme through a historical lens. To do so, it first focuses on the legal issues pertaining to cattle slaughter and the sale of beef during the Song dynasty. Particular attention is paid to the enforcement of relevant laws and the circulation and popularity of black-market beef during this period. Then, it highlights the discrepancies between the way in which beef consumption is presented in the Ming novel and historical facts, followed by a discussion of the portrayal of meat consumption in Yuan dramas featuring Song Jiang and his gang of outlaws. In the end, by thoroughly considering the presentation of food in the developmental history of Water Margin, from Yuan dramas to the Ming novel, this article sheds light on the importance of this subject as a literary motif in medieval Chinese literature.
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Ye, Jian Hua. "Research on Protection and Restoration of Colored Paintings of Huixian Taoist Temple." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.27.
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Huixian Taoist Temple is the Taoist architecture heritage of Quanzhen Religion during Jin and Yuan dynasties. The colored paintings kept in four main buildings possess history and art value. Based on the investigation and mapping of the existing paintings, the protection and restoration plan is determined according to the comparison, analysis and value estimation. Further discussion is forwarded on the protection method with advanced scientific concept and new technology.
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ZHU, DING-GUI, E. ZHANG, and JIA-HU LAN. "Rectoris longibarbus, a new styglophic labeonine species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China, with a note on the taxonomy of R. mutabilis (Lin 1933)." Zootaxa 3586, no. 1 (December 14, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3586.1.7.
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Rectoris longibargus, new species, is here described from the Zuo–Jiang of the Pearl River drainage at Jinxi County,Guangxi Province, China. It is distinct from all other congeners in the rostral barbel length and the structure of the gas-bladder. Rectoris longibarbus is further distinguished from R. posehensis by having a slightly papillated posteromedianpatch on the median plate of the lower lip, and from R. mutabilis, as here understood, by having a longitudinal black striperunning along the lateral line on the flank. Taxonomic problems with R. mutabilis are also addressed; it is regarded to bea senior synonym of R. luxiensis. The type locality of R. mutabilis is likely in the Yuan–Jiang (a tributary of the middleYangtze River drainage) in Guizhou Province. The species currently recognized as R. mutabilis is previously unnamed, and possibly represents an undescribed genus.
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Jia, Dan, Yikai Li, and Xiuqi Fang. "Complexity of factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of archaeological settlements in northeast China over the past millennium." Quaternary Research 89, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.112.
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AbstractRelic archeological settlement is used to indicate the development of agriculture. We extracted 8865 relic archeological settlements from theAtlas of Chinese Cultural Relicsto analyze how the spatiotemporal distribution of archaeological settlements was influenced by temperature changes and social factors during the last millennium. During the Liao dynasty (AD 916–1125) and Jin dynasty (AD 1115–1234) in the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), a large number of settlements indicated the development of agriculture as far north as 47°N. The warm climate of the MWP provided sufficient heat resources to promote the implication of positive policies of the Liao and Jin dynasties to develop agriculture and settlements. By contrast, during the dynasties of Yuan (AD 1279–1368), Ming (AD 1368–1644), and Qing (AD 1644–1911) in the Little Ice Age (LIA), the number of settlements declined drastically, and the northern boundary of the settlement distribution retreated by 3–4 degrees of latitude to modern Liaoning Province. Although the southward retreat of the settlements and related agriculture occurred in the cold climate of the LIA, it could not be completely explained by the drop in temperature. Social factors including nomadic customs, ethnic policies, and postal road systems played more important roles to the northern boundaries of the settlement distributions during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.
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Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity." Early China 25 (2000): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800004259.
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AbstractsThe rule of surname exogamy, which has been an important feature of Chinese social organization down to recent times, seems to have originated with the Zhou dynasty. Its importance is symbolized in the myth of Jiang Yuan姜媚 or 姜原, the mother of Hou Ji后稷, Lord Millet, the ancestor of the Zhou kings, whose surname was Ji姬. Contrary to a view that has become popular, it is argued that Ji and Jiang could not have been the names of two originally separate peoples with different geographical origins that came together and formed an intermarrying alliance but were the names of the two leading, intermarrying, clans of a single people. After the Zhou conquest of Shang, marriage politics, which required the rulers of originally non-Chinese states to have clan names of the same kind, played an important part in gradually incorporating such states into the Zhou, Hua-Xia華夏, polity. The fact that the surnames Ji and Jiang were also found among peoples known as Rong 戎 who were not recognized as Hua-Xia but were probably also Sino-Tibetan in language seems to be consistent with traditional accounts of Zhou's northwestern origins. The words Ji and Jiang are probably etymologically related and although yang羊 “sheep” plays a phonetic role in the graphs of both the surname Jiang and the ethnic name Qiang 羌, Jiang and Qiang are two separate words and need not have anything to do with one another.
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Kim, Hanshin. "Diversifying Research Topics and Emerging Trends in the Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan Studies." Korean Historical Review 239 (September 30, 2018): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.16912/tkhr.2018.09.239.213.
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Tuan, Iris H. "Jiang/Yun Zhijian (River/Cloud) dir. by Stan Lai." Asian Theatre Journal 39, no. 2 (September 2022): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/atj.2022.0026.
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LI, FENG-LIAN, WEI ZHOU, and QIANG FU. "Garra findolabium, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from the Red River drainage in Yunnan, China." Zootaxa 1743, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1743.1.6.
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Garra findolabium, new species, is described from the Red River (Yuan-Jiang in Chinese, Song Hong in Vietnamese) in Yunnan, China. It can be distinguished from all other congeners in Southeast Asia and China by the following combination of characters: posterior edge of the oral sucking disc with a median fissure and divided it into two lamellas; caudal fin with an anomalistic dark patch, extending to 50% of length of caudal fin; no barbels; absence of proboscis in front of nostrils; 37–38 lateral-line scales; 16 circumpeduncular scales; distance of anus to anal-fin origin about 33.3–38.7% of distance of pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin.
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Dong, Xinlin. "The Shangjing norm of the Liao dynasty and the Dongjing mode of the Northern Song dynasty." Chinese Archaeology 20, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2020-0017.
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AbstractAfter the downfall of the Tang dynasty, the Khitan-Liao empire, the Five Dynasties, and Northern Song dynasty formed the second “northern and southern dynasties” confrontation in the history of China. Also in this period, two systems appeared in the capital city planning: the “Shangjing norm” of the Liao dynasty characterized by the 日-shaped plan view and the “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty characterized by the 回-shaped plan view. The “Shangjing norm” is the materialization of the political system of “ruling by the customs of the peoples being ruled” applied by the nomadic rulers from the northern steppes when they were managing the empire with the Han people as the majority. This seemingly reflected the ethnic discrimination of the nomadic ruling class at the beginning of the establishment of their empire. The capital designing ideas of the Jin, Yuan, and Qing dynasties were all following this norm at the beginnings of their rules. “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty is the materialization of the “imperial sovereignty” idea emphasized by the empires founded by the Han rulers, which seems reflecting the bureaucrat system with the centralization as the characteristics. The designs of the Liao Zhongjing (Central Capital) and the Jin Zhongdu were both simulations of that of Dongjing, which showed the trends of ethnic convergence and unification. Moreover, Dadu of the Yuan dynasty and Beijing of the Ming and Qing dynasties were the symbols of the formation of the unified multiethnic empire of China.
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Yanning, Zhang. "Environmental Impact Post Assessment of the First Phase of Qinghai San Jiang Yuan ---Based on AHP." International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy 5, no. 3 (2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20170503.12.
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