Academic literature on the topic 'Yucat�an (State)'

According to records available in the literature, 380 species of fungi and fungus-like organisms are known for the state of Quintana Roo on the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. We carried out mycological surveys in this state, following the classical methods for collecting, describing, and curating macrofungi. As a result of our research, 21 species are recorded for the first time for Quintana Roo, and Amanita arenicola O. K. Milller & Lodge, Inocybe xerophytica Pegler, and Russula cremeolilacina Pegler are recorded for the first time for Mexico. The distinctive characteristics and photographs are provided for the new records. As a result of this study, 401 species of macrofungi are known for Quintana Roo.

La agroindustria de extracción de almidón de yuca hace parte importante de la economía de Colombia, concentrándose su producción en el departamento del Cauca; el proceso emplea raíces frescas de yuca, agua y energía eléctrica como principales recursos, generando residuos sólidos y líquidos cuyo inadecuado aprovechamiento o vertimiento trae impactos ambientales y económicos. En este estudio se formularon medidas para la optimización de los procesos apoyándose en herramientas como el balance de masa y el estudio de métodos, tiempos y movimientos, considerando el contexto tecnológico y socioeconómico del sector. Los resultados mostraron una eficiencia del proceso entre 51 % y 59 %; se identificó que la etapa de colado presenta el mayor consumo de agua y generación de residuos sólidos (afrecho), la etapa de sedimentación genera la mayor cantidad de residuos líquidos con elevada carga contaminante. Se evidenció la necesidad de estandarizar y optimizar las etapas de lavado-pelado y colado por requerir los mayores tiempos, incrementar la capacidad del rallado (etapa crítica que influye en la eficiencia del proceso y calidad del almidón) y registrar la información del proceso como estrategia de control.Abstract: In Colombia, the agroindustry of cassava-starch extraction is an important sector of the country's economy; production is focused in Cauca Department; this process uses fresh cassava-roots, water, and electricity as main resources, generating solid and liquid wastes whose inadequate use or disposal brings environmental and economic impacts. In this study were made measures for process optimization supported by tools such as mass balance and study methods, time and motion, considering the technological and socio-economic context of the sector. The results showed process-efficiency between 51 and 59 %; it was identified that the straining stage has the highest water consumption and solid waste generation (fiber cassava pulp); the starch slurry’s sedimentation stage generates the most amount of liquid wastes with high-pollution load. It evidenced the need to standardize and optimize the washing-peeling and strain stages because they require the largest process times; to increase the grating-rasping machine capacity (this critical stage influences the process efficiency and the final starch quality) besides recording the process information as control strategy.

<p>La participación del agricultor en la selección de variedades ha sido ampliamente documentada en varios cultivos y países; sin embargo, pocos desarrollos metodológicos se han orientado al desarrollo de nuevas variedades. El presente artículo documenta la formulación y aplicación de una metodología de selección varietal participativa (SVP) en yuca a lo largo de cuatro años con agricultores de la región Caribe colombiana. La metodología constó de cuatro etapas: en la de diagnóstico se indagaron las prácticas de los agricultores y sus conceptos sobre las características de las variedades que usan; en la etapa de oferta tecnológica se seleccionaron 10 clones avanzados suministrados por ICA y CIAT; en la etapa de evaluación, usando datos y criterios provenientes de los agricultores, se estableció una red de 60 pruebas de SVP; la etapa final de procesamiento de datos, análisis y retro-información se desarrolló en dos fases, una de análisis de los datos y otra de utilización de los resultados en el proceso de fitomejoramiento. Mientras los fitomejoradores señalaron una variedad ideal basados en atributos genotípicos, para los agricultores dicha variedad reunía una combinación de caracteres bióticos, físicos y socioeconómicos. El 72% de las expresiones obtenidas en la fase de evaluación se refirieron a la raíz y se identificaron tres categorías de aceptación de una variedad. Además, se definieron criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos óptimos para datos agronómicos, así como los rasgos de mayor importancia para los agricultores. Finalmente, se evaluó la eficacia de los genotipos evaluados en seis diferentes ambientes (años y sitios) para los caracteres agronómicos preferidos. Los productos principales de esta metodología fueron cuatro variedades de yuca liberadas, la reducción de 13 a 8 años en el período de desarrollo de una variedad y, finalmente, la adopción de una metodología de SVP aplicable en programas de fitomejoramiento de yuca. </p><p> </p><p> <strong>Varietal participative selection for cassava breeding with small farmers in Colombian Caribbean region: a methodology development </strong></p><p>Farmer’s participation in varietal selection has been broadly documented in several crops and countries. However, few methodological developments have focused on the development of new varieties. This paper describes a participatory varietal selection methodology (PVS) in cassava developed through a four year research project with farmers of the Colombian Caribbean region. Four phases were developed: in the diagnostic stage, farmer’s practices and concepts about traits of the varieties used were queried, during the technological offer stage, 10 advanced clones provided by ICA and CIAT were selected. In the evaluation stage, a network of 60 PVS trials was established; the final stage of data processing, analysis and feed-back was developed in two phases: one of data analysis and the other incorporating the results in the plant breeding process. Whereas plant breeders chose an ideal variety based on genotypic attributes, for the farmers such a variety had a combination of biotic, physical and socio-economic characteristics. 72% of the opinions obtained during the evaluation stage referred to the root and three categories of variety acceptance were identified. Furthermore, optimal quantitative and qualitative criteria were defined for agronomic traits as well as the traits of greater importance for the farmers. Finally, using the preferred agronomic characteristics, efficacy of the selected genotypes was evaluated under six different environmental conditions (years and sites). The main outcome of this methodology was the release of four cassava varieties, the reduction from 13 to 8 years in the time to develop a variety, and, lastly, the adoption of an SVP methodology applicable in cassava breeding programs. </p>

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 9Ajda Şenol Sakin, Uludag Univesity, TurkeyAvni Yildiz, Bülent Ecevit University, TurkeyBünyamin Aydin, Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversity, TurkeyChosang Tendhar, Long Island University (LIU), USAEmel Funda Türkmen, Afyon Kocatepe Univesity, TurkeyEmel Funda Türkmen, Afyon Kocatepe Univesity, TurkeyEsin Sahin Pekmez, Agean University, TurkeyGözde Ersöz, Namık Kemal University, TurkeyGülsüm Yuca, Aksaray University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJeyavel Sundaramoorthy, Gulbarga University Campus, IndiaJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USAKatya De Giovanni, University of Malta, MaltaKerim Gündogdu, Adnan Menderes University, TurkeyKerim Sözbir, Abant İzzet Baysal University, TurkeyMassimiliano Barattucci, Ecampus University, ItalyMehmet Aydin, Dicle University, TurkeyMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceMurat Taş, Manisa Celalbayar University, TurkeyNevzat Dinçer, University of Batman, TurkeyÖnder Şemşek, Abant İzzet Baysal University, TurkeyOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyOzkan Kırmızı, Karabuk University, TurkeySenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeySerdal Baltaci, Ahi Evran University, TurkeyŞirin Akbulut Demirci, Uludag Univesity, TurkeyTorok Marianna, University of Massachusetts Boston, USAYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com