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Journal articles on the topic 'Z-pin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Wang, Dongyuan, Feng Zhu, Jichun Wang, et al. "Pathogenicity Analyses of Rice Blast Fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) from Japonica Rice Area of Northeast China." Pathogens 13, no. 3 (2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030211.

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In order to understand the pathogenicity differentiation of rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara), a total of 206 isolates of P. oryzae were collected from three Japonica rice regions in Jilin Province, northeast China. Pathogenicity test showed that the reaction pattern of 25 monogenic differential varieties (MDVs) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) demonstrated a wide pathogenic diversity among the isolates. Those MDVs harbor 23 resistance (R) genes with the susceptible variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) as control. Virulent isolates of MDVs harboring R genes Pish, Pit, Pia, Pii, Pik-s, Pik, P

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2

Ji, Guobiao, Liang Cheng, Shaohua Fei, Jiangxiong Li, and Yinglin Ke. "A novel model of Z-pin insertion in prepreg based on fracture mechanics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 12 (2021): 1971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211014442.

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Through-thickness reinforcement is a promising solution to the problem of delamination susceptibility in laminated composites. Modeling Z-pin–prepreg interaction is essential for accurate robotics-assisted Z-pin insertion. In this paper, a novel Z-pin insertion force model combining the classical cohesive finite element (FE) method with a dynamic analytical fracture mechanics model is proposed. The velocity-dependent cohesive elements, in which the fracture toughness is provided by the analytical model, are implemented in Z-pin insertion FE model to predict the crack initiation and propagation

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3

Wang, Sian, Yunhe Zhang, Pibo Sun, Yanhong Cui, and Gaohui Wu. "Microstructure and Flexural Properties of Z-Pinned Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites." Materials 12, no. 1 (2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010174.

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Z-pinning can significantly improve the interlaminar shear properties of carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (Cf/Al). However, the effect of the metal z-pin on the in-plane properties of Cf/Al is unclear. This study examines the effect of the z-pin on the flexural strength and failure mechanism of Cf/Al composites with different volume contents and diameters of the z-pins. The introduction of a z-pin leads to the formation of a brittle phase at the z-pin/matrix interface and microstructural damage such as aluminum-rich pockets and carbon fiber waviness, thereby resulting in a re

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4

Zhang, Yunhe, Sian Wang, Xiwang Zhao, Fanming Wang, and Gaohui Wu. "In Situ Study on Fracture Behavior of Z-Pinned Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)." Materials 12, no. 12 (2019): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121941.

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Inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber, we performed an in situ interlaminar shear test on a z-pinned carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite (Cf/Al) fabricated by the pressure the infiltration method to understand its failure mechanism. Experiments show that introducing a stainless-steel z-pin increases the interlaminar shear strength of Cf/Al composite by 148%. The increase in interlaminar shear strength is attributed to the high strength of the stainless-steel z-pin and the strong bonding between the z-pin and the matrix. When the z-pin/matrix interface failed, the z-

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5

Kaya, Gaye, and Erdem Selver. "Impact resistance of Z-pin-reinforced sandwich composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 26-27 (2019): 3681–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319845428.

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This study investigates the effect of face materials, Z-pin types and distribution densities on drop-weight impact properties of foam core sandwich composites. The novelty of this study is to eliminate damage of face part by only reinforcing the core part of sandwich structures. Impact test was performed at different energy levels (20–50 J). The addition of Z-pins into the sandwich composites decreased the elasticity and ductility while it increased the stiffness of sandwich composites. The Z-pin reinforcement increased the peak forces, but decreased the peak deformations of the sandwich compo

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6

Li, Wenying, Yong Li, and Yue Jin. "Research on low-velocity impact characteristics of Z-pin reinforced quartz/phenolic laminates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2587, no. 1 (2023): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2587/1/012046.

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Abstract The problem of in-plane damage caused by dynamic impact loading of composite laminates can be enhanced by implanting Z-pins. The effect of Z-pin implantation on the impact resistance of composite laminates is investigated experimentally, and the damage process is analyzed by establishing a low-velocity impact finite element model of Z-pin reinforced laminates. The test results show that the maximum impact contact force of Z-pin reinforced laminates can be increased by 8.23%, and the maximum contact force and absorbed energy of Z-pin reinforced samples both increase gradually with the

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7

Vaidya, U. K., A. N. Palazotto, and L. N. B. Gummadi. "Low Velocity Impact and Compression-After-Impact Response of Z-Pin Reinforced Core Sandwich Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 122, no. 4 (2000): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1289141.

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In the current work, sandwich composite structures with innovative constructions referred to as Z-pins, or truss core pins, are investigated. The Z-pin core sandwich construction offers enhanced transverse stiffness, high damage resistance, and multi-functional benefits. The present study deals with analysis of low-velocity impact (LVI) of Z-pin sandwich plate, and experimental studies of compression-after-impact characterization. Experimental studies on LVI of Z-pin sandwich plate considered in the analysis have been reported in Vaidya, et al., 1999, “Low Velocity Impact Response of Laminated

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8

Wang, Xu Xu, and Li Chen. "Manufacture and Characteristics of Fibrous Composite Z-Pins." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.110.

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Z-pins are thin fibrous composite or metallic rods that could increase the strength of laminated composites in the thickness direction. In this paper, three kinds of composite z-pins were made by improved pultrusion method. The length of pultrusion die is shortened to 30mm with no function of curing. The curing equipment is individual control drying ovens. And then, tensile properties of z-pins were reported as well as the appearance and fiber content. Results show that three kinds of z-pins have good flexural resilience. The fiber volume fraction is around 60%. Carbon fiber z-pin has smoother

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9

Zheng, Xi Tao, Lin Hu Gou, Shu Yun Han, and Fan Yang. "Experimental and Numerical Study on the Mode I Delamination Toughness of Z-Pinned Composite Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.185.

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An experimental investigation was performed on mode I delamination of z-pinned double-cantilever-beams (DCB) and associate z-pin bridging mechanisms. Tests were performed with ten types of samples: (1) big-pin reinforced DCB (double-cantilever-beams) with three areal densities D=2.01%, 5.15%, 8.04%, respectively; (2) median-pin reinforced DCB with three areal densities D=0.85%, 2.17%, 3.40%; (3) small-pin reinforced DCB with three areal densities D=0.25%, 0.63%, 0.90% and (4) without pin reinforced DCB specimens. Delamination tests samples were prepared from unidirectional continuous carbon ﬁb

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10

Hoffmann, Julian, Alexander Brast, and Gerhard Scharr. "Z-pin insertion process for through-thickness reinforced thermoplastic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 2 (2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318781233.

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This paper presents a novel method for the ultrasonically assisted insertion of metallic z-pins into thermoplastic composites. Mechanical and microstructural investigations were carried out on glass fiber-reinforced polyamide and polypropylene specimens. The insertion of steel pins into thermoplastic composites led to microstructural changes that differ significantly from the known microstructure of z-pinned thermoset fiber-reinforced plastics. Optical microscopy showed an absence of notable fiber waviness and resin-rich zones around each pin. Instead, the fibers were predominantly deflected i

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11

Liu, Zhi Lin, Pu Rong Jia, Tao Peng, and Zheng Lan Yao. "Study on Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Composite T-Joints." Advanced Materials Research 1142 (January 2017): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1142.146.

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Based on three kinds of composite T-joints with different connection way for tension test outside the plane, it was obtained contrastively that how the ordinary adhesive, Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement three different fitting influence tensile strength, damage failure process and failure mode of composite T-joints. The test results showed that compared with ordinary adhesive connection mode, tensile strength of the Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement T-joints increased by 13.6% and 11.4%, respectively; and the largest deformation increased by 19.2% and 15.1%, respe

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12

Virakthi, Ananth, Soonwook Kwon, Sung W. Lee, and Mark E. Robeson. "Delamination resistance of composite laminated structures reinforced with angled, threaded, and anchored Z-pins." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 11 (2018): 1507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318805201.

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The delamination resistance of Z-pinned laminates is directly dependent on the strength of the pin–laminate bonding at the interface. In this paper, we investigate novel approaches to the Z-pinning technology in order to increase delamination strength via enhancing mechanical interlocking of the pins. Toward this end, we study the effect of pin insertion at an angle to the vertical in contrast to the conventional vertical pin insertion. Subsequently, a novel variety of pin, namely the threaded pin, is studied as a candidate for reinforcement which increases mechanical interlocking between the

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13

Mouritz, A. P., P. Chang, and M. D. Isa. "Z -Pin Composites: Aerospace Structural Design Considerations." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 24, no. 4 (2011): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000078.

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14

Li, Chenghu, Zhe Wu, Zhijun Meng, and Muchen Li. "Influential Factors of Z-pin Bridging Force." Applied Composite Materials 21, no. 4 (2013): 615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-013-9358-z.

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15

Fan, Yansheng, Min Li, Yizhuo Gu, Shaokai Wang, and Yanjie Wang. "Effects of Z-pin on moisture absorption property and damage mode under flexural load for carbon fiber composite." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (2022): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0020.

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Abstract The effect of carbon fiber Z-pin on carbon fiber composite under moisture condition with and without flexural load was investigated in this work. Moisture absorption property and crack propagation of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite and Z-pinned composite were evaluated under moisture only and moisture-coupled load conditions. The moisture property was evaluated by moisture content and microscopic morphology obtained using X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray μCT). The microstructures inside composites and Z-pinned composites after moisture conditions and three-point f

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16

Dang, Xu Dan, Shao Jie Shi, and Jun Xiao. "Finite Element Analysis of Tensile Modulus of X-Cor Sandwich." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3647.

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Through the analysis of micro-structures of Z-pin ends the basic hypothesis of elliptic configuration of the resin regions around Z-pin ends were proposed. The finite element model of the tensile modulus of X-cor sandwich was established and the finite element software ANSYS was used in the computation. The effects of Z-pin angle, diameter and density on the tensile modulus of X-cor sandwich were analyzed. Via the analysis of finite element model, the influencing trends of parameters of X-cor sandwich on the tensile modulus are achieved and the error range is ±10%. So the rationality of the pr

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17

Wang, Sian, Yunhe Zhang, and Gaohui Wu. "Interlaminar Shear Properties of Z-Pinned Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Short-Beam Shear Test." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101874.

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This paper presents the effect of through-thickness reinforcement by steel z-pins on the interlaminar shear properties and strengthening mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites (Cf/Al) with a short beam shear test method. Microstructural analysis reveals that z-pins cause minor microstructural damage including to fiber waviness and aluminum-rich regions, and interface reaction causes a strong interface between the stainless steel pin and the aluminum matrix. Z-pinned Cf/Al composites show reduced apparent interlaminar shear strength due to a change in the failure mode

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18

Son, J. H., Heoung Jae Chun, K. T. Kang, et al. "Effect of Z-Pin on the through-the-Thickness Strength of Woven Composite Laminates." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.47.

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Delamination failure occurs due to the out-of-plane loading because of the weakness in the thickness directional properties of composite materials. The z-pinned composite has been developed to overcome such a problem. In this study, the mechanical properties of z-pinned composite laminates were examined using the analytical model. The effects of z-pins on the strength in the thickness direction were investigated. Fibers in the laminate are gradually waved by the formation of resin rich zone caused by inserting the z-pins. A constitutive model was developed for the predictions of strengths of w

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19

Kerche, Eduardo Fischer, Agnė Kairytė, Sylwia Członka, et al. "Optimization of Pin Position and Angle for Z-Pin-Reinforced Foam Core Sandwich Structures." Materials 16, no. 1 (2022): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010352.

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Sandwich panels (SP) are very promising components for structures as they ally high levels of specific stiffness and strength. Civil, marine and automotive industries are some examples of the sectors that use SPs frequently. This work demonstrates the potential of manufacturing Z-pin-reinforced foam core SPs, using a design strategy that indicated optimal values for both pin position and angle, keeping the same pin diameter as determined in a previous study. A simple search algorithm was applied to optimize each design, ensuring maximum flexural stiffness. Designs using optimal pin position, o

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20

Selver, Erdem, Gaye Kaya, and Hussein Dalfi. "Experimental and theoretical study of sandwich composites with Z-pins under quasi-static compression loading." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (2021): 2720–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211007399.

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This study aims to enhance the compressive properties of sandwich composites containing extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam core and glass or carbon face materials by using carbon/vinyl ester and glass/vinyl ester composite Z-pins. The composite pins were inserted into foam cores at two different densities (15 and 30 mm). Compression test results showed that compressive strength, modulus and loads of the sandwich composites significantly increased after using composite Z-pins. Sandwich composites with 15 mm pin densities exhibited higher compressive properties than that of 30 mm pin densities. The

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21

Abrahams, CT, GB Deacon, CM Forsyth, WC Patalinghug, BW Skelton, and AH White. "Organoamido- and Aryloxo-lanthanoids. XII. The Coordination Chemistry of Bis(2-phenylindol-1-yl)ytterbium(II), and the X-Ray Crystal Structures of Yb(pin)2(diglyme)(thf) and [Yb(pin)2(dme)]2 (pin = 2-Phenylindol-1-yl, diglyme = Bis(2-methoxyethyl) Ether, thf Equals Tetrahydrofuran, dme = 1,2-Dimethoxyethane)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 48, no. 12 (1995): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9951933.

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With the facile displacement being utilized of thf from Yb(pin)2(thf)4 (pin = 2-phenylindol-1-yl, thf = tetrahydrofuran) in toluene solution, the complexes Yb(pin)2(dme)2 (dme = 1,2- dimethoxyethane), Yb(pin)2 (tmen)(tmen = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine) and Yb(pin)2(diglyme)(thf) (diglyme = bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether) have been prepared from the respective ligands and Yb(pin)2(thf)4. Yb(pin)2 (diglyme) (thf) [monoclinic, space group P 21 /c, a 15.35(1), b 16.179(5), c 14.45(2) Ǻ, β 107.51(8)°, Z 4, R 0.044 for 2956 (I > 3σ(I)) 'observed' reflections] has a monomeric six-coordinate

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22

Virakthi, Ananth, Soonwook Kwon, and Sung W. Lee. "A viable model for out-of-plane compressive and shear properties of Z-pin reinforced composite sandwich panels." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 28 (2018): 3961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318772159.

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This paper attempts at developing a computational-analytical model to represent the behavior of Z-pin reinforced X-Cor composite sandwich panels under out-of-plane compression and shear loading. Parameters important in representing the behavior of the individual components of the sandwich are identified. The softening of Z-pins under compression from geometric and material imperfections, densification of the foam, and pin-facesheet interface strengths are incorporated into the model. For validation, the values of the parameters are obtained from experiments performed in house, and then for com

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23

Knopp, André, and Gerhard Scharr. "Tensile Properties of Z-Pin Reinforced Laminates with Circumferentially Notched Z-Pins." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2 (2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020078.

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This paper describes experimental investigations on the in-plane tensile properties of unidirectional carbon-fibre/epoxy laminates reinforced with circumferentially notched z-pins with different notch designs. From the results it can be concluded that the application of circumferential notches at the z-pin surface with constant notch depth of 20 μm and distance of 100 μm has no significant effect on the in-plane tensile strength values, regardless of the notch designs investigated. For circular and rectangular notch designs, no dependence of the tensile strength from the notch depth could be o

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24

Song, Qinghua, Yong Li, Junwei Qi, Liwei Wen, Jun Xiao, and Jinhui Ni. "Study on an automatic multi-pin insertion system for preparing Z-pin composite laminates." Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 27, no. 2 (2014): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2014.02.012.

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25

Sahin, Ahmet Z., and Bekir S. Yilbas. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR UNDER VOLUMETRIC CONSTRAINT." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 1 (2016): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2016-0003.

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The efficiency of a thermoelectric power generator can be optimized through proper sizing of the device geometric configurations. In the present study, pin length optimization of the thermoelectric generator for a fixed total pin volume is carried out and the pin length maximizing the device efficiency is formulated. The influences of temperature ratio, defined as the upper junction temperature divided by the lower junction temperature, and the figure of merit, defined as Z = α2/KR, on the device efficiency and output power operating at the optimum pin length are examined. It is found that a u

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26

Lin, Dabin, Haohua Chen, Zhenrong Li, and Zhuo Xu. "Phase diagram and dielectric properties of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ceramics." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 05, no. 02 (2015): 1550014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x15500149.

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x Pb ( In 1/2 Nb 1/2) O 3- Pb ( Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3) O 3- PbTiO 3(x PIN –y PMN –z PT ) ternary ceramics with morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition were synthesized by columbite precursor method. x PIN –y PMN –z PT phase diagram was investigated by x-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. According to the results of dielectric measurements, the Curie temperatures (Tc) and rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition temperature (Tr−t) were found to be in the range of 173–212°C and 114–155°C, respectively, indicating that the Tr-t was increased with adding PIN component. In the MPB region

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27

Knopp, André, and Gerhard Scharr. "X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic studies of cryogenic and plasma surface-treated z-pins." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 8 (2017): 1155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317691811.

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The mechanical properties of composite materials are primarily dependent on the load transmission between their components. Especially, the fracture performance of a fibre-reinforced polymer made of a preimpregnated fibres (prepreg) with a three-dimensional z-pin reinforcement can be influenced by the interface characteristics between pins and laminate. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of untreated, cryogenic and plasma surface-treated z-pins were carried out to determine the effect of surface treatments on chemical composition,

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28

Knopp, André, and Gerhard Scharr. "Experimental Investigations on the Influence of Different Notch Designs on the Pullout Performance of Circumferentially Notched Z-pins." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020067.

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The results of experimental research on the pullout properties of circumferentially notched z-pins with various notch designs are presented in this paper. Investigations on notched z-pins with four different notch designs—rectangular, circular, triangular, and sinusoidal—inserted into unidirectional (UD) and quasi-isotropic (QI) laminates were carried out in order to assess the influence of notch design and laminate structure on the resulting z-pin pullout properties. It can be shown that the application of circumferential notches at the z-pin surface causes significant increases in pullout fo

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29

Shan, Hangying, Jun Xiao, and Qiyi Chu. "Investigation on Bond-Slip Behavior of Z-Pin Interfaces in X-Cor® Sandwich Structures Using Z-Pin Pull-Out Test." Applied Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (2018): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-018-9693-1.

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30

Loi, Gabriela, Pasquale Buonadonna, Rayane El Mohtadi, et al. "Effect of Selective Z-Pinning on the Static and Fatigue Strength of Step Joints between Composite Adherends." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 3 (2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8030084.

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The z-pinning reinforcement technique, which involves inserting thin pins through the body of a laminate, has proven highly effective in enhancing the strength of various composite joint configurations. This investigation aims to explore the enhancements achievable through selective z-pinning at very low pin contents on both the static and fatigue performance of composite joints. Single-step joints between carbon/epoxy adherends were reinforced using steel pins arranged in two, three, or four rows of pins parallel to the edges of the overlap, resulting in pin contents ranging from 0.2% to 0.4%

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Cui, H., Yulong Li, S. Koussios, L. Zu, and A. Beukers. "Bridging micromechanisms of Z-pin in mixed mode delamination." Composite Structures 93, no. 11 (2011): 2685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.06.004.

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32

Li, Chenghu, Wei Guo, and Zhe Wu. "Tensile strength of Z-pinned laminates in RTD and hot-wet environment." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 1 (2017): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0352.

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AbstractExperiments and simulation analysis for tensile strength of Z-pinned laminates were conducted in both room temperature and dry and hot-wet environments. The results of the experiments show that the fracture of [0]6 specimen with Z-pins was longitudinally torn, and there was a row of Z-pins at the fracture of [(±45)/(0,90)]2S specimen with Z-pins. It could be observed that the hot-wet effect on the tensile strength of the Z-pinned laminates increased with percentage of 0-direction fibers decreasing in the laminates from the experiments of the unidirectional tape laminates and the woven

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33

Dang, Xu Dan, Shao Jie Shi, Yi Guo, and Jun Xiao. "A New Method for Analyzing X-Cor Sandwich’s Shear Strength." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.356.

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The finite element software was used to get the X-cor sandwich’s shear strength. During the shear strength analysis, the failure criterion and materials stiffness degradation rules fitting for the analysis of X-cor sandwich’s failure mechanism were proposed and the X-cor sandwich’s failure process and modes were also clarified. According to the failure criterion we used the elements with stiffness degradation and their distributions in the finite element model to simulate the types and propagation path of the failure and the failure mechanisms of X-cor sandwich under shear were explained. The

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34

Taotao, Zhang, Luo Wenbo, Xiao Wei, and Yan Ying. "Numerical simulation of single-lap adhesive joint of composite laminates." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 8 (2018): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418754358.

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A universal method is established to research the various possible damage modes of adhesive bond of laminated composites with or without z-pin reinforcements under tensile loads through numerical simulation. A Continuum Damage Mechanic model based on Hashin damage criterion as a user-defined subroutine is developed to simulate the damage of laminates and Z-pins. The Cohesive Zone Model is used to simulate the damage of adhesive damage, interlayer delamination, and Z-pin slipping-out phenomenon. The numerical simulation method is validated for simulating the various damage modes of the usual co

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35

Shan, Hangying, Jun Xiao, and Qiyi Chu. "Correction to: Investigation on Bond-Slip Behavior of Z-Pin Interfaces in X-Cor® Sandwich Structures Using Z-Pin Pull-Out Test." Applied Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (2018): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-018-9735-8.

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36

Pingkarawat, Khomkrit, and Adrian P. Mouritz. "Delamination Fatigue Properties of Z-Pinned Composites." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.197.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation into the mode I interlaminar fatigue resistance of carbon fibre-epoxy laminate reinforced in the through-thickness direction with z-pins. The effects of the volume content, diameter and length of z-pins on the interlaminar toughness, fatigue resistance and crack bridging toughening mechanisms are determined. The delamination growth rate also slowed when the volume content or length of the z-pins was increased or the z-pin diameter was reduced.

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37

Römisch, David, Martin Kraus, and Marion Merklein. "Experimental Study on Joining by Forming of HCT590X + Z and EN-AW 6014 Sheets Using Cold Extruded Pin Structures." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010025.

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Due to stricter emission targets in the mobility sector and the resulting trend towards lightweight construction in order to reduce weight and consequently emissions, multi-material systems that allow a material to be placed in the right quantity and in the right place are becoming increasingly important. One major challenge that is holding back the rapid and widespread use of multi-material systems is the lack of adequate joining processes that are suitable for joining dissimilar materials. Joining processes without auxiliary elements have the advantage of a reduced assembly effort and no add

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Pravin*, Jeyapratha. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH ON GLASS FIBER SANDWICH COMPOSITE BY VARYING Z-PINS PITCHES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 5 (2016): 696–703. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.51906.

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This paper ambit to evaluate the flexural strength of glass fiber sandwich panels with varying z-pins pitches. Failure of sandwich panel are delamination and core shear, to minimize the crack propagation, pins are inserted in z-direction, by varying pitches through its thickness. During the insertion of pin, may cause the material some damage. Despite the damage, flexural property does not affected due interpolation of pins. Although the experiment were pull out with a phenomenal results of z-pins compared to the unpinned sandwich panel.

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Purwanto, Agus, and Edi Sofyan. "ADATABLE INDUSTRIAL 4.0 : AN IMPROVEMENT DETECTED OBSOLETE BUSHING CONDITION ON RUBBER CURING MACHINE INDUSTRY." Proceedings of The Conference on Management and Engineering in Industry 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/cmei.v1i1.5.

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Bushing is a part of rubber curing machine that have function as cushion pin joint , generally make from a bronze material. Pin joint have a function to connected with 1 paired linkage arm with rotated crank gear of each via pin joint to get closing force at rubber curing machine when mould closed. When bushing condition at pin joint on rubber curing machine was not good caused by friction. It will make closing force linkage arm left and right ( 1 paired ) on rubber curing machine unbalanced. So it will make closing force to force closed rubber mould undistributed evenly, so it caused mould ru

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Dantuluri, Venkata, Spandan Maiti, Philippe H. Geubelle, Rakesh Patel, and Hakan Kilic. "Cohesive modeling of delamination in Z-pin reinforced composite laminates." Composites Science and Technology 67, no. 3-4 (2007): 616–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.024.

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Dai, Shao-Cong, Wenyi Yan, Hong-Yuan Liu, and Yiu-Wing Mai. "Experimental study on z-pin bridging law by pullout test." Composites Science and Technology 64, no. 16 (2004): 2451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.04.005.

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Liu, Hong-Yuan, Wenyi Yan, and Yiu-Wing Mai. "Z-pin bridging in composite laminates and some related problems." Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 1 (2006): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14484846.2006.11464490.

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Dang, Xu Dan, Xin Li Wang, Hong Song Zhang, and Jun Xiao. "Finite Element Analysis of X-Cor Sandwich's Compressive Strength." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.733.

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In this article the finite element software was used to analyse the values for compressive strength of X-cor sandwich. During the analysis, the failure criteria and materials stiffness degradation rules of failure mechanisms were proposed. The failure processes and failure modes were also clarified. In the finite element model we used the distributions of failure elements to simulate the failure processes. Meanwhile the failure mechanisms of X-cor sandwich were explained. The finite element analysis indicates that the resin regions of Z-pin tips fail firstly and the Z-pins fail secondly. The d

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Jiang, Zhiwei, Longlei Hou, Chunjie Ni, Jiangfei Chen, Dong Wang, and Xiaofeng Tong. "Enantioselective construction of quaternary tetrahydropyridines by palladium-catalyzed vinylborylation of alkenes." Chemical Communications 53, no. 30 (2017): 4270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc01488k.

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The Pd(0)-catalyzed asymmetric vinylborylation of (Z)-1-iodo-dienes with B<sub>2</sub>pin<sub>2</sub> is reported, which provides access to 3,3-disubstituted tetrahydropyridine with excellent enantioselectivity.

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Dang, Xu Dan, Shao Jie Shi, and Jun Xiao. "Study on the Tensile Strength in X-Cor Sandwich by Using Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.265.

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In the tensile strength analysis, the failure criterion and materials stiffness degradation rule were proposed and the X-cor sandwich’s failure modes were also clarified. According to the failure criterion we used the elements with stiffness degradation and their distributions in the finite element model to simulate the types and propagation path of the failure and the failure mechanisms of X-cor sandwich were explained. The finite element analysis indicates during the tension firstly the interfaces between resin regions and Z-pin tips fail and the failure mode is Z-pin pull-out from the face-

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Knopp, André, and Gerhard Scharr. "Effect of z-pin surface treatment on delamination and debonding properties of z-pinned composite laminates." Journal of Materials Science 49, no. 4 (2013): 1674–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7851-2.

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MacKenzie, James T., Matthew B. Podgorsak, and Douglas Moreland. "Validity of stereotactic frame localization during radiosurgery after one fixation pin removal." Journal of Neurosurgery 97 (December 2002): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.supplement_5.0539.

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Object. This study was designed to examine the effect on target localization of removing one fixation pin or post. Methods. A stereotactic frame was applied to a head phantom by using four fixation pins. Contiguous axial computerized tomography (CT) slices (1 mm thick) were obtained through the head phantom. Using clinical treatment planning software, a marker was identified and its coordinates were determined. The imaging procedure and point localization were repeated independently seven times in the control configuration, after four-pin fixation, to study reproducibility. Standard deviations

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Wang, Yao, Xiaodong Wang, Zhidong Guan, Jifeng Xu, and Xia Guo. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation on C/SiC Composite Z-Pinned/Bonded Hybrid Single-Lap Joints." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051130.

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Z-pinned/bonded joints are great potential connection components that have been used in the 2D C/SiC composite structures; however, the hybrid joints present complex failure mechanism considering the secondary deposited SiC matrix in the clearance. Therefore, the mechanical performance and failure mechanism of the joints are investigated through experimental and numerical methods in this paper. Experiment results show that two peaks exist in the load–displacement curves. The first load peak is 2891–4172 N with the corresponding displacement of 0.10–0.15 mm, and the second load peak is 2670–291

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Tian, Fang, and Jun-Qian Zhang. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress of Z-Pin Composites During Curing Process." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 3 (2020): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3629.

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By using the coupled thermos-mechanical method, a three-dimensional finite element model of composite was established during the curing process. The accuracy of the simulation model was validated by performing a comparison with the literature results. Based on the model, a three-dimensional finite element method is applied to conduct analysis of the effect exerted by the curing related parameters on residual stresses in the curing process for the Z-pin AS4/3501-6 composite. The results indicate that the resin stress and fiber Z-direction stress increase with the curing process, especially duri

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Li, Min, Zhe Che, Shaokai Wang, et al. "Tuning interlaminar fracture toughness of fine z-pin reinforced polymer composite." Materials & Design 212 (December 2021): 110293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110293.

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