Academic literature on the topic 'Zakī'

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Journal articles on the topic "Zakī"

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REISCH, MARC S. "MITCHELL ZAKIN." Chemical & Engineering News 88, no. 17 (April 26, 2010): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n017.p028.

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Rokhman, Saeful, and Muslimah Muslimah. "RETORIKA DAKWAH DR. ZAKIR NAIK DALAM MENDA’WAHKAN ISLAM KEPADA KAUM NASHRANI." Jurnal Da'wah: Risalah Merintis, Da'wah Melanjutkan 4, no. 01 (July 30, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.38214/jurnaldawahstidnatsir.v4i01.91.

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Tujuan penelian ini untuk mengungkap retorika da’wah Dr. Zakir naik dalam menda’wahkan Islam kepada kaum Nashrani. Metode penelitian menggunakan kualitatif. Hasil dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan data-data yang bisa penulis dapatkan selama penelitian berlangsung kemudian penulis analisa berdasarkan teori Aristoteles, maka penulis dapat menyimpulkan sebagai berikut: Secara Ethos (sikap/kredibilitas komunikator), beliau menampakkan sikap bijak dalam menjawab semua pertanyaan dari komunikan. 2. Phatos (respon kumunikan). 3. Logos (isi pesan yang di sampaikan secara logis), isi pesan komunikasi yang banyak disampaikan oleh Dr. Zakir Naik ialah isi pesan yang disampaikan secara logis dan ilmiah, sehingga sangat mudah untuk mendapatkan respon yang positif dari setiap komunikan. Sebagaimana dibuktikan pada sebuah video yang di unggah pada Youtube.co.Lampu Islam pada tanggal 3 April 2017 di UMY (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta) dengan dialog bertema wanita Kristen akhirnya mengakui kebenara Islam. Terbukti bahwa Dr. Zakir Naik beretorika didalam dakwahnya menggunakan teori retorika Aristoteles yaitu Ethos, Pathos, dan Logos. Dapat kita lihat Dr. Zakir Naik sanggup menunjukkan kepada khalayak bahwa dia memiliki pengetahuan yang luas dengan memberikan sebuah contoh dan analogi yang mudah dipahami, sehingga memiliki kepribadian yang terpercaya, dan status yang terhormat dihadapan khalayak. Selain itu Dr. Zakir Naik mampu menyentuh hati khalayak, emosi, harapan, kebencian dan kasih sayang peserta diskusi dengan argumen yang Dr. Zakir Naik sampaikan bahwa agama Islam adalah agama kedamaian. Kemudian Dr. Zakir Naik pun meyakinkan kahalayak dengan mengajukan bukti atau yang kelihatan sebagai bukti.
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Betari, Asa Wisesa, Sri Endah Tabiati, and Sahiruddin Sahiruddin. "THE REPRESENTATION OF ZAKIR NAIK IN “AL JAZEERA” AND “THE INDEPENDENT”." Jurnal Kata 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/kata.v4i1.4870.

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<em>This research critically examines the way Zakir Naik is represented in Al Jazeera from Qatar and the The Independent from United Kingdom. There were many kinds of accusation attacking Zakir Naik related with religious hatred speech, citizenship, and ownership of personal TV issue. Those accusations made him banned in some countries. Based on the postulates of Critical Discourse Analysis and Machin &amp; Leeuwen’s (2007) model for other representation of social actor, this article presents an analysis of the otherness representation of Zakir Naik. Eight news articles were analyzed in order to demonstrate lexical choices that construct positive and negative-otherness representation of social actor. The findings showed that both media showed positive and negative representation in a different way. There are also underlying factors of the Multidimensional Representation of Zakir Naik from two media which shows cultural proximity and religious heterogeneity.</em>
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Septian, Rio. "PENGARUH TULISAN ERNEST PRAKASA MENGENAI DR ZAKIR NAIK DI TWITTER TERHADAP CITRA ERNEST PRAKASA DI DESA BOJONGGEDE." Jurnal Komunikasi 10, no. 2 (September 3, 2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jkom.v10i2.6386.

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The aim of this study was to find out the effect of ernest prakasa’s Posts about Zakir Naik in Twitter toward his negative image in Bojonggede. The approach of this study was quantitative descriptive. To collect the data, the researcher used questionnaire adn in analyzing the data, the researcher used Parametric statistics of regression and correlation test. This research was conducted in Bojonggede and took 100 respondents as the sample of the study. After the evaluation has been conducted, it was found that there is a significant relationship between Ernest Prakasa's posts about DR Zakir Naik on twitter with his negative image in Bojonggede. The details is ; 71.7% claim that the negative image of Ernest Prakasa in Bojonggede because of his posts about Zakir Naik, and 28,3% of other factors.
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Salib, Z. R. "Zaki Rizk Salib." BMJ 340, jun14 2 (June 14, 2010): c3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3175.

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Igwe, Chidi U., Chiedozie O. Ibegbulem, Linus A. Nwaogu, Cosmas O. Ujowundu, and A. Chinedu Ene. "Chemical Composition and Bioavailability of Zinc and Iron in Kunu-Zaki, a Nigerian Traditional Beverage." International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 3 (June 2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.3.9.

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The effect of processing (germination and fermentation) on the chemical composition (proximate, mineral and phytochemical contents) of a Nigerian traditional beverage, kunu-zaki made from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains with the addition of sweet potato (Ipomoneabatatas) paste were studied. The bioavailability of Zn and Fe in the beverage were also assessed using phytate, Zn, Ca and Fe molar ratios. Processing of sorghum into kunu-zaki significantly (p<0.05) increased its ash (26.32 %), Na (21.28 %), Ca (20.59 %), Fe (21.62 %), Zn (13.43 %), flavonoids (11.11 %) and alkaloids (30.00 %) contents, but decreased its protein (-43.75 %), fiber (-28.57 %), phenols (-43.80 %), saponin (-62.6 7%), tannin (-43.80 %), oxalate (-33.33 %) and phytate (-60.27 %) contents. Addition of sweet potato paste to kunu-zaki apparently aided in enhancing its chemical composition. The combination of germination and fermentation as processing techniques were better than germination alone in significantly (p<0.05) improving the bioavailability of Fe and Zn, and reducing the anti-nutrient content of kunu-zaki, in comparison with both raw and germinated sorghum grains. In conclusion, the kunu-zaki had low contents of protein and fiber, adequate arrays of other functional nutrients and potentially high bioavailability of Fe and Zn.
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ONUORAH, STELLA I., ABIODUN A. ADESIYUN, and JAMES O. ADEKEYE. "In vitro Antibiotic Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from a Nigerian Fermented Cereal Drink." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 956–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.11.956.

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The sensitivity of 253 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a Nigerian locally-fermented cereal drink (kunun zaki) to 11 antimicrobial agents was determined. Two hundred and forty-seven (97.6%) strains were resistant to one or more of the antimicrobial agents and only 4 (1.6%) isolates were sensitive to all of the agents. Of the isolates from the kunun zaki preparation, 97.8% were resistant while 98.6% from kunun zaki bought at sale outlet and 96.7% of those isolated from utensils were resistant. There was no significant difference in resistance of isolates from the sources (P&gt;0.05, X2). Resistance to penicillin (92.9%), ampicillin (92.9%) and trimethoprim (80.2%) was most frequently encountered while fewer isolates wereresistant to gentamycin (2.0%) and neomycin (3.6%). The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was ampicillin-penicillin-trimethoprim detected in 43 (17.0%) strains. The relatively high resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from kunun zaki to the tested antimicrobial agents is suggestive of misuse of those drugs in Nigeria.
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Michel, René. "RSO Interview with Nazia Zakir." Health Physics 97 (November 2009): S151—S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hp.0000345071.42081.7d.

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Ayvaz oğlu Əhmədli, Rafail. "XIX ƏSRDƏ AZƏRBAYCANDA MİLLİ ŞÜURUN İNKİŞAFINA ABBASQULU AĞA BAKIXANOVUN VƏ QASIM BƏY ZAKİRİN SOSİAL-SİYASİ GÖRÜŞLƏRİNİN TƏSİRİ." SCIENTIFIC WORK 53, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/53/151-155.

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حسن, أ. م. د. مهديه صالح, and مصطفى خليل خضير. "Modernity when Zaki Almelad." مجلة العلوم السياسية, no. 51 (February 20, 2019): 75–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i51.101.

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The Islamic thought still suffers from the problems posed by Western thought in the modern era, especially after the establishment of the modern Arab state, and replacing the intellectual reference that prevailed at that time, which is represented by Islamic thought with another intellectual reference represented by Western thought. Since then, thinkers and innovators and reformers and intellectuals of the Islamists, Are trying to get out of these many problems and multiple, after imposing the nature of that thought and those references with all their consequences, and one of these problems that is still Islamic thought suffers, the bilateral problem that some academics have raisedThe title of the symposium failed The Islamic thought and thinkers are still posing positions that may find a solution to this problem, and those who have presented solutions or have had their positions on this problem. ,
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zakī"

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Audo, Antoine. "Zakī al-Arsouzī, un Arabe face à la modernité /." Beyrouth : Dar el-Machreq, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354657422.

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Scheffold, Margot. "Authentisch arabisch und dennoch modern? : Zakī Naǧ̌īb Maḥmūds kulturtheoretische Essayistik als Beitrag zum euro-arabischen Dialog /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37621697w.

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Dahi, Zakia [Verfasser]. "Recycelfähige Dämmstoffe aus Altpapier für Syrien / Zakia Dahi." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1056983493/34.

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Hattori, Kimihiko, Shinji Hayano, and Hisao Seo. "Expression of ZAKI-4 in Mammalian Cells." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7558.

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Seidov, Zakir [Verfasser]. "ESR investigations of TlMX2 (M = Fe, Ga, In, X = S, Se) / Zakir Seidov." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1179039912/34.

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KANOU, Yasuhiko, Naoki ABE, Junji ISHIDA, Akiyoshi FUKAMIZU, Hisao SEO, and Yoshiharu MURATA. "Homologous Recombination of Mouse ZAKI-4 Gene to Disrupt its Expression." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2783.

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Ohmori, Sachiko, Kazumi Kanda, Hirohito Mitsuyama, Takashi Miyazaki, Xia Cao, Fukushi Kambe, and Hisao Seo. "Tail-suspension Induces Altered Expression of GAPDH and ZAKI-4β mRNAs in Rat Hindlimbs : Implication for Disuse Muscle Atrophy." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7561.

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KAMBE, Fukushi, Hisao SEO, and Xia CAO. "Cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive Pathway for the Induction of ZAKI-4 Expression by Thyroid Hormone." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2778.

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Sharawy, Zaki [Verfasser], and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Temming. "Investigations into growth and nutritional condition of Crangon crangon (L). / Zaki Sharawy. Betreuer: Axel Temming." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025931556/34.

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Wimmer, Zaki [Verfasser], André [Akademischer Betreuer] Thess, Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Schumacher, and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehrhard. "Entwicklung eines Wärmetauschers für Lacktrockenanlagen / Zaki Wimmer. Gutachter: Jörg Schumacher ; Peter Ehrhard. Betreuer: andre Thess." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1025445082/34.

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Books on the topic "Zakī"

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Mubārak, Zakī. Zakī Mubārak. [Cairo: s.n., 1988.

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Kūrānī, Ibrāhīm ibn Ḥasan. Ittihāf al-Zakī. Ḥaidarābād: Kutubk̲h̲ānah va Idārah-yi Taḥqīq-i Mak̲h̲t̤ūt̤āt-i Mashriqī, Āndhrā Pradesh, 1994.

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Darwīsh, al-ʻArabī Ḥasan. Zakī Mubārak shāʼiran. [Cairo]: al-Hayʼah al-Miṣrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Kitāb, 1986.

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al-Ghanī, Muṣṭafá ʻAbd. Zakī Najīb Maḥmūd. [Cairo]: al-Hayʼah al-Miṣrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Kitāb, 1992.

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Muhannā, Majdī. Iqālat Zakī Badr. [Cairo]: M. Muhanna, 1990.

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Mubārak, Zakī. Zakī Mubārak wa-hāʼulāʼ. Bayrūt: Dār al-Jīl, 1991.

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Mubārak, Zakī. Zakī Mubārak wa-naqd al-shiʻr. Madīnat Naṣr, al-Qāhirah: al-Zahrāʼ lil-Iʻlām al-ʻArabī, Qism al-Nashr, 1987.

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Saʻīd, Murād. Zakī Najīb Maḥmūd: Arāʼ wa-afkār. al-Qāhirah: Maktabat al-Anjilū al-Miṣrīyah, 1994.

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Qunṣul, Zakī. Dīwān Zakī Qunṣul: Shiʻr min al-mahjar. Dimashq: Wizārat al-Thaqāfah, 1986.

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Nūr, Ayman. al-ʻ Askarī al-aswad, Zakī Badr. 2nd ed. al-ʻAjūzah [Cairo]: al-Sharikah al-ʻArabīyah al-Dawlīyah lil-Nashr, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Zakī"

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Bennett, Clinton. "Zakir Hussain." In Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, 735–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3_2004.

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Nakhla, P. R. "Zaki bey Gali." In al-Machriq, edited by Louis Cheikho, 485–98. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463232146-026.

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"Zaki and Manan, Refugees." In Human Flow, 141–47. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crcv7.43.

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"Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Protein ZAKI-4." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 5419. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_103834.

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"Chapter XI: Zakir Of Hamath And La'ash." In Aram and Israel, edited by Richard J. H. Gottheil, 95–104. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463232245-015.

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Saab, Sammy. "Hematopoietic Abnormalities and Hemostasis." In Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology, 405–13. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0881-3.00024-3.

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McCuskey, Robert. "Anatomy of the Liver." In Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology, 3–19. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0881-3.00001-2.

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Nevzorova, Yulia A., and Christian Trautwein. "Liver Regeneration." In Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology, 20–35. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0881-3.00002-4.

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Malhi, Harmeet. "Mechanisms of Liver Cell Destruction." In Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology, 36–46. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0881-3.00003-6.

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Jansen, Peter L. M., Ulrich Beuers, and Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink. "Mechanisms of Bile Secretion." In Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology, 47–63. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0881-3.00004-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Zakī"

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ZUHAIR NASHED, M. "IN APPRECIATION OF DR ZAKIR HUSAIN AWARD." In Proceedings of the Satellite Conference of ICM 2010. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814338820_0001.

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Marín Ramos, Ruben. "Filmar el desacuerdo. El cine de Iris Zaki." In IV Congreso Internacional Estética y Política: Poéticas del desacuerdo para una democracia plural. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cep4.2019.10313.

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El presente artículo aborda la obra videográfica de la Israelí Iris Zaki, la cual emplea un singular método de trabajo con el que logra establecer espacios dialógicos en comunidades cerradas. Una particular estrategia en la que destaca el abandono temporal del rol de cineasta para entrar a trabajar en diferentes establecimientos y, una vez dentro, el empleo de un dispositivo mínimo - en la que la directora deja la cámara grabando sola (sin nadie que la controle) - mostrando, prácticamente durante toda la película, el mismo plano. Con esto Zaki centra toda la atención en las conversaciones que mantiene con sujetos de diferentes grupos o comunidades de su entorno, ya sean: judíos ortodoxos en Londres, árabes en Haifa, o colonos Israelís en un asentamiento en Cisjordania, interfiriendo lo menos posible en la escena y consiguiendo que intervengan con una mayor sinceridad y espontaneidad frente a la cámara. En los trabajos de Zaki la parte etnográfica y la autobiográfica se diluyen en una, su historia personal está, irremediablemente, sujeta a las comunidades que filma; comparten el mismo territorio, las mismas circunstancias históricas, etc., pero, además, Zaki aparece en todas sus películas. Ella también responde, pregunta, reflexiona… delante de la cámara, por lo que a la vez que conocemos a esos «otros» lo hacemos también con la misma directora. Entre la práctica artista y el activismo, lo amateur y lo experimental, las piezas de Zaki son un buen ejemplo de las nuevas fórmulas que están renovando el panorama del cine de lo real y que por su condición hacedora, pueden ser especialmente interesantes para nuevos creadores que carezcan de los recursos técnicos ligados a la tradición cinematográfica o para aquellos atraídos por el documental de vanguardia.
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Green, Travis, Mark Moore, and W. Robert Hannen. "Stay Cable Vibration Testing at the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge." In Structures Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41031(341)59.

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Cisse, Cheikh, Wael Zaki, and Tarak Ben Zineb. "A Model for Iron-Based Shape Memory Alloys Considering Variable Elastic Stiffness and Coupling Between Plasticity and Phase Transformation." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-8875.

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The paper presents a new constitutive model for iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) adapted from the ZM model initially proposed for Nitinol by Zaki and Moumni [JMPS2007]. The model introduces nonlinear hardening terms to account for interactions between the grains, martensite variants and slip systems that may exist within a volume element of the material. The expressions used for the hardening terms are similar to those in (Khalil et al. [JIMSS2012]). The equations of the model are derived from the expression of a Helmholtz free energy potential, with complementary loading conditions obtained within the framework of generalized standard materials with internal constraints. A detailed derivation of the implicit algorithm used for the integration of the model is provided and used for numerical simulations that are shown to agree with experimental data.
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Hazar, Selcuk, Wael Zaki, Ziad Moumni, and Gunay Anlas. "Steady State Crack Growth in Shape Memory Alloys." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3071.

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Shape memory alloys experience phase transformation from austenite to martensite around crack tip. When the crack advances, martensitic transformation occurs at the tip and the energy that goes into transformation results in stable crack growth like in the case of plastic deformation. In literature, there are studies on steady-state crack growth in elasto-plastic materials with small scale yielding around crack tip that use stationary movement methods similar to non-local algorithms. In this work, Mode I steady-state crack growth in an edge cracked Nitinol plate is modeled using a non-local stationary movement method. The Zaki-Moumni (ZM) constitutive model is utilized for this purpose. The model is implemented in ABAQUS by means of a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) to determine transformation zones around the crack tip. Steady-state crack growth is first simulated without considering reverse transformation to calculate the effect of transformation on stress distribution in the wake region, then reverse transformation is taken into account. Stress distribution and transformation regions calculated for both cases are compared to results obtained for the case of a static crack.
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Ginsberg, Jerry H., and Matthew S. Allen. "Recent Improvements of the Algorithm of Mode Isolation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43696.

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The Algorithm of Mode Isolation (AMI) identifies the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios, and mode vectors of a system by proceesing complex frequency response data. It uses an iterative procedure based on the fact that a general frequency response function is a superposition of modal contributions. The iterations focus successively on a singel mode. The mode that is in focus is isolated by subtracting the other modal contributions using prior estimates of their modal properties. This process leads to a self-contained identification of the number of modes that participate in any frequency band, whereas other techniques require a priori guesses. This paper describes modifications intended to improve AMI’s accuracy and reduce its computational effort. These involve the use of a new linear least squares method for identifying the natural frequency and dmaping ratio of a single mode, a linear least squares global fit of the data in order to identify mode vectors. Results are presented for a model of a cantilever beam with suspended spring-mass-dashpot system. This system was used by Drexel, Ginsberg, and Zaki [Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2003 (forthcoming)] to assess the prior version’s ability to identify weakly excited modes and modes having close natural frequencies in the presence of high noise levels. Application of the modeified version of AMI to the same system is shown to lead to significantly more accurate damping ratios are mode vectors, with equally good natural frequencies.
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Owen, Landon D., Tao Xing, Donald M. McEligot, John C. Crepeau, and Ralph S. Budwig. "Laminar and Transitional Boundary Layer Entropy Generation Over a Flat Plate Under Favorable and Adverse Pressure Gradients." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16314.

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Minimizing entropy generation is important to improve the efficiency of any system. The objective of this study is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to elucidate the effects of pressure gradients on entropy generation rates in laminar and transitional boundary layers. The commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT, is employed. The favorable and adverse pressure gradients are generated using various curved slip top walls. Bypass transition is simulated using the mean inlet velocity and Reynolds stresses from the direct numerical simulation (DNS) conducted by Nolan and Zaki [1]. Various turbulence and transitional models are employed and the results are compared to the DNS data. The factor of safety method is used to evaluate numerical error and grid uncertainties. Three systematically refined meshes are used to evaluate grid convergence. Monotonic convergence is achieved for all simulations with small grid uncertainties. The boundary layer correlation function, F(λ), the shear stress correlation, S(λ), and the dissipation coefficient, Cd, are calculated for the laminar CFD results. The dissipation coefficient, Cd and the intermittency, γ, are also calculated for the bypass transition CFD results. The laminar CFD results show better agreement with the correlation developed by McEligot than with the Thwaites correlation for F(λ) and S(λ). Overall, the percentage differences between the CFD results and the correlations increase as the magnitude of the pressure gradient variable, β, increases. The solvers and turbulence models in the transitional simulations are similar to the study by Ghasemi et al [2]. However, this study uses a much finer grid and improved boundary conditions for the inlet. These changes show an improvement for most turbulence models by comparison with the DNS results, especially for the location of transition.
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Zaki, Wael, Xiaojun Gu, Ziad Moumni, and Weihong Zhang. "High-Cycle Fatigue Criterion for Shape Memory Alloys Based on Shakedown Theory." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9165.

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Based on a recently developed shakedown theory for non-smooth nonlinear materials, we derive a criterion for high-cycle fatigue in shape memory alloys (SMAs). The fatigue criterion takes into account phase transformation as well as reorientation of martensite variants as the source of fatigue damage. The mathematical derivation of the criterion is based on the requirement of elastic shakedown for a given structure to achieve unlimited fatigue endurance. Elastic shakedown is defined as an asymptotic state in which damage due to time-varying load becomes confined at the mesoscopic scale, or the scale of the grain, with no discernable inelasticity at the macroscopic scale. From an energy standpoint, elastic shakedown corresponds to a situation where energy dissipation becomes bounded and the response elastic after a certain number of loading cycles. A sufficient condition to achieve this state was established by Melan (1936) [1] and Koiter (1960) [2] for elastoplastic materials and later generalized to hardening plasticity by Nguyen (2003) and to non-smooth non-linear materials by Peigney (2014). The latter formulation is applicable to SMAs obeying the ZM constitutive model (Zaki & Moumni, 2007) and is shown here to allow the derivation of a high-cycle fatigue criterion analogous to the one proposed by Dang Van (1973) for elastoplastic materials. The criterion allows establishing a safe domain in stress deviator space at the mesoscopic scale consisting of a hypercylinder with axis parallel to the direction of martensite orientation. The hypercylinder is delimited along its axis by two transverse hyperplanes representing bounds on admissible stress states consistent with the loading conditions for phase transformation. Safety with regard to high-cycle fatigue, upon elastic shakedown, is conditioned by the persistence of the macroscopic stress path, as the load varies and at every material point, strictly within the hypercylinder. The size of the hypercylinder is shown to strongly depend on the relative amount of martensite present in the SMA.
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