Academic literature on the topic 'Zambia – Economic conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zambia – Economic conditions"
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Leakey, Liambela Muyunda, and Mubiana Mubiana. "Consumer contracts under the Zambian Law: Does the legislation Provide Adequate Consumer Protection." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 04 (2022): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6413.
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Owing to the shift of the Zambian economy from a countrywide manipulative economic system to a free market economy, there has been neediness for the government to efficiently regulate the economic system to promote honest opposition and client safety. To achieve this, need the authorities enacted the Competition and Fair-Trading Act of 1994 which geared toward regulating anti-competitive practices and customer exploitations within the marketplace. Following some of the changes that have taken area within the Zambian financial system, Parliament enacted the Competition and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 which incorporates diverse revolutionary provisions which might be supposed to address modem financial demands inside the Zambian economic system. This paper focuses on establishing whether Consumer contracts under the Zambian Law if it Provides adequate Consumer Protection by evaluating its effectiveness within the selling and law of sincere competition, patron safety and financial increase in Zambia. It verifies whether the Competition and Consumer Protection Act has effectively and efficiently addressed winning social and financial desires of Zambia’s monetary expedient. The findings were that Competition and Consumer Protection Act become enacted with numerous progressive provisions which were probably presupposed to cope with modem monetary conditions in Zambia. Through those upgrades, the Competition and Consumer Protection Act has quite addressed triumphing monetary desires in the Zambian economic operations. However, despite enhancing the Law, the legislation has not Provided Adequate Consumer Protection as evident by the increasing number of cases being recorded in Zambia regarding consumer protection.
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Nesmashnyi, Alexander Dmitrievich, and Yulia Aleksandrovna Nikitina. "Local Hegemony: China’s Special Economic Zones in Mauritius and Zambia." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-97-114.
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Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Africa are part of the Belt and Road Initiative. They account for a fledgling research area in International Relations, with not much research on the topic. The authors regard traditional approaches in research of SEZs as incapable of grasping the difference between domestic (designed by the state on its own territory) and foreign (designed by a foreign state) SEZs. The concept of territoriality, though applicable only to foreign SEZs, has little to offer in terms of generating new knowledge. The research paper endeavours to offer new theoretical and conceptual frameworks for the study of foreign SEZs. The research is based on concepts of hegemony by different schools of thought, including Hegemonic Stability Theory, the three types of hegemony by Yan Xuetong and Neo-Gramscianism. The authors introduce the concept of “local hegemony”. The authors also highlight the fact that most foreign SEZs emerge in territories of limited statehood (or create them). In order to prove vitality of the concept, comparative research of China’s SEZs in Mauritius and Zambia is conducted. The authors point out relatively poor institutional development of Zambia and the existence of stable democratic institutions in Mauritius. The success of the Chinese SEZ in Zambia is also partially attributed to copper mining. Deriving from economic and institutional empirical data the authors try to detect success conditions of SEZs and analyze the related spillover effects that contribute to the development of African nations. The reasons behind the failure of the Chinese SEZ in Mauritius are traced. Authors conclude that the concept of local hegemony is suitable for studying foreign SEZs and suggest that zones of local hegemony could be sustainable and effective in terms of development.
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Sinkala, Daniel. "Factors Associated with Distribution of Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia Among Rural and Urban Women in Child Bearing Age – A Case of Mbala General Hospital, Northern Province, Zambia." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.03.art008.
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Preeclampsia and eclampsia cases continue to rise in northern Zambia as people search for babies and continuity of clans’ survival. Due to the competitive nature of cultural demands/ myths on pregnancy and maternal socio-demographic factors (low-age, low socio-economic status, and poor health-seeking behaviour), women in rural prefer unprofessional primary health care services that are presumably affordable to them thereby, delaying in seeking for professional healthcare services. High levels of poverty in resource-limited areas have put many female adolescents at risk of falling pregnant. Thus, this study probed on the interaction between these maternal socio-demographic factors and disease distribution in both rural and urban areas with respect to various pregnancy outcomes. The study used retrospective quantitative methods in eliciting information from data sources (women, registers) in Mbala, Mpulungu, Senga, and Mungwi districts covering 3-year period (2017-2019). In all, 202 female respondents from Northern Zambia were interviewed through self-administered questionnaires. Thereafter, data were analysed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS v16). Findings indicate severe; socio-economic status and low maternal age affect pre-eclampsia disease distribution coupled with adverse pregnancy outcomes more in rural than urban areas. The better the socio-demographic conditions, the lower the disease distribution with good pregnancy outcomes. However, worsening maternal socio-demographic conditions may increase the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women of northern Zambia. The study recommended interventions tarred towards public health programmes such as social behaviour change and communication (SBCC) towards adolescent women and socio-economic empowerment of pregnant women in resource-limited areas. Keywords: Average ANC timing, Preeclampsia, Residency, Socio-economic, Teenage pregnancy.
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Colson, Elizabeth. "The Father as Witch." Africa 70, no. 3 (August 2000): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.3.333.
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AbstractIn the 1990s the feared witch among Tonga-speakers of Gwembe Valley, Zambia, is often the father, whose adult children accuse him of using witchcraft to gain power over the child's life force to use in his enterprises. Suspicions of the father arise from changing family dynamics associated with restricted economic opportunities and a changing agricultural system involving cash cropping where family labour is of vital importance. Witchcraft fears, as elsewhere in Zambia, have become more salient as worsening economic conditions have led to general malaise and the loosening of restraints on public accusation. Feeling victimised and vulnerable in a world where transport minimises distance has led to witches being endowed with the power to operate without regard to distance. Nevertheless witchfinding deflects hostility from national political figures to elders in the neighbourhood, especially fathers, who are continuous sources of immediate frustration and are also vulnerable to local action.
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Tembo, Moffat, and Erastus Misheng’u Mwanaumo. "Constraints in Implementing Decentralisation in Zambia." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 06 (June 18, 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i6.ps01.
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Purpose: Against a backdrop of Zambia’s continued weak economic conditions and with many local authorities, experiencing declining local revenues and financial performance, this paper presents a synthesis of the local government turnaround findings. It aims to identify the constraints to decentralization and recovery strategies based on the evidence provided by pragmatic research.
Design/methodology/approach: The questionnaire survey was carried out over a period of two weeks from sixth to 20 May 2019. 120 questionnaires were distributed via online to all 120 respondents using purposive and critical case sampling. The questionnaire was created and deployed using free online software (kobotoolbox) to the 120 critical case and purposively selected respondents. Out of 120 respondents 103 responded creating a survey response rate of above 85%.
Findings: The research found that the major constraints in implementing decentralisation included; Continued delay to release decentralised functions by central government; lack of political will from central government; failure to implement the agreed decentralised structure by central government; failure to relinquish some revenue streams to local authorities; governments unclear policy guidance on decentralization; lack of a standardised system as well as a monitoring mechanism; and failure to generate adequate own revenue by local authorities.
Research implications: This research assumes a significant role in formulation of policy for local government tier and could provide a basis for further research in this area as well as designing policies for an improved local government fiscal system.
Practical implications: this study adds pragmatic perspectives towards resolving revenue problems faced by Zambia’s local authorities.
Originality/value: This paper compiles facts and offers practitioners an evidence-based view through investigating Zambia’s local government economic structure, analyzing forces underlying them and examining their consequential cultural interplay.
Keywords: Decentralisation; Local Authority; Local Revenue
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VonDoepp, Peter. "Resisting Democratic Backsliding: Malawi’s Experience in Comparative Perspective." African Studies Review 63, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 858–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2019.62.
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AbstractWhy does collective resistance to democratic backsliding emerge in some contexts and not others? The experience of Malawi in 2011–2012 offers an opportunity to explore this question. In the face of attacks on democratic rights and institutions, large-scale popular and civil society mobilization challenged the government’s authoritarian tendencies. Drawing on collective action theories and comparing Malawi’s experience to that of Zambia, VonDoepp argues that Malawi’s resistance arose in an environment that was favorable to its emergence. Economic conditions had generated grievances against government, polarization remained modest, and civil society organizations benefitted from credibility and the presence of allies that facilitated activism.
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Mulubale, Sanny, Katongo Bwalya, and Janet Mundando. "Identity, Citizenship and the Teaching Profession: Theoretical Insights in the Study of Zambian Teachers Living with Human Immune–deficiency Virus (HIV)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.93.11924.
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This article discusses HIV positive teachers’ medicalisation in the Zambian context. It makes a theoretical appraisal of the dynamics of health in this HIV treatment era, viewing the era as leaving the AIDS pandemic between two streams: a disappearing tragedy and a treatable illness with latent psychological, social and economic effects [1]. Teacher training, teachers’ economic status, their use of effective pedagogy and many other factors have been chronicled extensively by various scholars across disciplines in research on education in developing countries. However, teachers’ experiences of illness and health conditions, as key actors in implementing the development agenda of many countries in Africa, have received very limited attention. The HIV/AIDS burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is higher than available resources to deal with the pandemic effectively [2] while the number of people living with the virus and on ART in SSA countries, such as Zambia, remains high [3]. The above proposition in this paper is supported by three fundamental concepts which can be surmised as: governmentality and identity. These two concepts – when effectively synthesised – offer new ways of understanding the medical solutions, normalcy, and their limits in the everyday living of teachers who are on ART. Based on this theoretical analysis and its relation to existing empirical data, the central argument in the paper is that teachers’ daily lives seem to be filled with the socio-political and economic consequences of HIV medicalisation and that these consequences seem to shape and limit how teachers manage and make sense of their acquired ‘therapeutic citizenship’ status.
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Murungu, Ronnie James, Olutayo Bankole-Bolawole, Collins Otieno, and Charles Mwangi. "Policy Brief on Inclusion of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Zambia`s Nationally Determined Contributions." Sustainable Development Research 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): p37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/sdr.v4n1p37.
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The Paris Agreement aims to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, thus contributing to sustainable development goals through building climate-resilient communities and industries. Water is the primary medium through which climate change influences the earth’s ecosystem and thus the livelihood and well-being of societies. Extreme weather conditions impact many sectors such as health, tourism, agriculture, and industry where water plays a key role. The climate effect is first and foremost through water systems as highlighted by the World Economic Forum (2016) Global Risks Report. Hence the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change.
In the last decade, Zambia has experienced the impacts of climate change in the form of extreme weather conditions and rising temperatures. In light of this, the Zambian government developed NDCs in accordance with the Paris agreement that aims to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and develop sustainable climate-resilient communities and industries. The impacts of climate change are felt through its influence on water. WASH is not only affected by climate change, but also a contributing factor to GHG emissions. Therefore, the WASH sector should play a pivotal role in contributing to the climate change targets.
There are gaps among state and non-state actors and with affected communities in acknowledging the critical role of WASH in making real the NDC that need bridging. These include awareness and knowledge of WASH in contributing to NDC; the need to go beyond water to include sanitation and hygiene elements in the NDCs as holistic approach; inclusive participation of civil society and other non-state actors in addressing the gaps; integration of sectors and programmes in the NDCs; and enhanced governance and accountability mechanisms.
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Bellin, Eva. "Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor, and Democratization in Late-Developing Countries." World Politics 52, no. 2 (January 2000): 175–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100002598.
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Many classic works of political economy have identified capital and labor as the champions of democratization during the first wave of transition. By contrast, this article argues for the contingent nature of capital and labor's support for democracy, especially in the context of late development. The article offers a theory of democratic contingency, proposing that a few variables, namely, state dependence, aristocratic privilege, and social fear account for much of the variation found in class support for democratization both across and within cases. Conditions associated with late development make capital and labor especially prone to diffidence about democratization. But such diffidence is subject to change, especially under the impact of international economic integration, poverty-reducing social welfare policies, and economic growth that is widely shared. Case material from Korea, Indonesia, Mexico, Zambia, Brazil, Tunisia and other countries is offered as evidence.
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Mwanza, Aaron D., Pei Wen Hao, and Mike H. White. "A Selection of Possible Pitfalls on the Usage of Empirical Models in the Rational Seal Design Method of South Africa." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1336.
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A large portion of surfaced roads in Zambia have asphalt as part of their pavement structure. Most of these surfaces and to some extent base layers are in a deplorable state. This situation, coupled with unfavorable economic conditions, leaves highway authorities with a huge backlog on highways sustainability. The past practice of “worst-first” is still a common principle other than maintaining pavements earlier in their service life to reduce life cycle costs. In order to include pavement preservation as a pavement network strategy, road surface sealing is adopted. This paper is focused on a selection of possible pitfalls on the usage of empirical models in the rational flexible road surfacing seal design of South Africa, which is commonly used in Zambia. The aggregates, fillers (dust) and bitumen used in surface seal coats vary to a large extent and with the availability of good quality natural materials becoming less, the challenges in providing good quality seal coats are increasing. Since the emphasis is based on failures rather than successes, few answers are provided on the number of questions that usually arise from seal coat design and the aim is to create awareness on some possible pitfalls for using the rational seal design method. The paper emphasizes on design aspects that are not addressed in the Interim guidelines for the design and construction of seal coats in South Africa (Technical Recommendations for Highways (TRH3, 2007)). A few case studies from recent projects in Zambia are also included and evaluated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zambia – Economic conditions"
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Du, Plessis Sophia W. F. "Institutions and institutional change as explanation for differences in economic development – a study of the first three decades of the postcolonial experience of Zambia and Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1387.
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Thesis (PhD (Economics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.Numerous theories have been constructed to provide reasons for economic growth differences between countries. As data became more readily available, cross-country empirical studies identified a set of variables that contributed to economic growth, including variables such as the investment in human and physical capital.
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Makan, Amita. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes upon the political economy of Zambia: a critical analysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003010.
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This study begins with a statistical survey setting out the parameters of Zambia's socio-economic decline in the 1980s. In order to unravel the complex reasons for the crisis, the study develops and employs an historical structural framework which emphasises the interconnectedness of historical, political, economic and social processes . Thereafter, an explanation of Zambia's political and economic development is presented as a background for understanding how and why the IMF came to play an increasingly decisive role in the management of the economic crisis in the 1980s. It is argued that patron-client politics in conjunction with a 'coincidence of interests' between local elite and international capital, entrenched the distorted mono-export dependent economy which, in turn, accelerated the economic decline and debt crisis of the 1980s. After presenting an overview of the Fund's philosophy and objectives, close attention is paid to the impact of SAPs on Zambia, especially in terms of how such policies as subsidy withdrawal, de-regulation and devaluation affected the economy, debt-reduction, health and education. While there is no incontrovertible evidence that adjustment policies caused the crisis, they have been largely ineffective in reversing Zambia's economic decline. In fact, due to the IMF's ahistorical and apolitical approach, any gains have been ephemeral and, in many instances, served to exacerbate the suffering of the population. Finally, Zambia's political structures have proved unable and unwilling to implement IMF reforms consistently and this underlies the central point that SAPs, as a strategy, cannot ensure long-term sustainable development.
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Mfune, Elizabeth. "Effects of an agribusiness collapse on contract growers and their communities : a case study of Makeni Cooperative Society, Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007627.
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This study assesses the effects of an agribusiness collapse, on the contracted growers and their surrounding communities in Lusaka Province, Zambia. In 2004, Agriflora Limited, a Trans-Zambezi Industries Limited (TZI) agribusiness in Lusaka Zambia was sold off. Agriflora Limited was one ofthe largest fresh vegetable exporters in Africa. It had contracted almost 500 small-scale farmers with 1-4 hectares of land within 50 km radius of Lusaka to grow vegetables for export. Makeni Cooperative Society was one of the targeted groups of growers. It grew baby corn, mangetout peas, and sugar snap and fine beans for export. The case study relied on both primary and secondary data. I undertook two months of ethnographic fieldwork utilising observations, in-depth interviews and informal discussions with some community members in Makeni. I also reviewed the literature on contract farming schemes (documenting both the negative and positive effects for growers) in developing countries. The case study showed that the impact of the collapse of Agriflora on the growers has been severe indeed; there has been a significant reduction in production with only a few farmers producing for export. Those that are producing are limited to one crop, baby corn. The effect on the local labour market (farm workers) has been quite drastic with a drop in employment. A new agribusiness company, York Farm, was sourced by the government for the contract growers of Makeni. York Farm has signed a procurement contract under which only sale and purchase conditions are specified. This means that, services such as extension services are no longer provided. It was also found that despite the price for baby corn at York Farm being better than what Agriflora used to offer the farmers, farmers are not producing peas which have a higher turnover than baby corn because York farm does not buy peas from the farmers. However, the farmers are hopeful that they will soon start producing peas after they pass the Eurep gap requirements. Furthermore, the farmers are still interested in contract farming as they are convinced that it can lead to higher farm incomes. While the neoliberal critique of the pre- Structural Adjustment agricultural policies was based on the need to improve rural farming income and productivity, my study shows that the contract farmers are not the "traditional" peasant farmers but retired civil servants or former public sector employees who lost their jobs during the contraction of the sector. In conclusion, my field work revealed that the collapse of Agriflora has had negative effects on the growers of MCS in terms a significant decrease in crop production, decline in farmer income, lack of technical assistance such as extension services, transportation problems (to take produce to the new market-York Farm) and reduced contraction in employment opportunities for farm workers.
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Mulenga, Majorie Chalwe. "The causal link between foreign direct investment and domestic savings in Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97466.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examined the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and domestic savings in Zambia. Data over the period 1970–2012 was extracted from the World Development Indicator and Global Economic Monitor Databases (2014). The study employed the Johansen cointegration approach to establish the long-standing relationship between domestic savings and foreign direct investment. In addition, the Granger causality test was also carried out to examine the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and gross domestic savings. The results suggest that although foreign direct investment inflow can lead to domestic savings growth in the short run, in the long run it would substitute domestic savings. This implies that the effect of the increased inflows of foreign direct investment experienced in the recent past may in the long run hurt domestic savings growth in Zambia. Policy makers should therefore improve the governance mechanism for the use and monitoring of foreign direct investment inflows in Zambia and promote diversification away from mining, the main economic activity that accounts for more than 60 percent of direct foreign investment in Zambia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ondersoek ingestel na die oorsaaklikheidsverwantskap tussen direkte buitelandse belegging en binnelandse besparing in Zambië. Data vir die tydperk 1970 tot 2012 is uit die Wêreldbank se databasisse World Development Indicators en Global Economic Monitor (2014) bekom. Die studie het die Johansen-benadering van ko-integrasie gevolg om die lank bestaande verwantskap tussen binnelandse besparing en direkte buitelandse belegging te bepaal. Daarbenewens is die Granger-oorsaaklikheidstoets uitgevoer om die oorsaaklikheidsverwantskap tussen direkte buitelandse belegging en bruto binnelandse besparing te ondersoek. Die resultate dui daarop dat hoewel die invloeiing van direkte buitelandse belegging binnelandse besparing op kort termyn ’n hupstoot sal gee, dit binnelandse besparing op lang termyn sal vervang. Dít impliseer dat die verhoogde direkte buitelandse belegging wat in die onlangse verlede ondervind is, op lang termyn ’n skadelike uitwerking op groei in binnelandse besparing in Zambië kan hê. Beleidsvormers behoort dus die beheermeganisme vir die aanwending en monitering van direkte buitelandse belegging in Zambië te verbeter en diversifikasie aan te moedig weg van mynbou, die vernaamste ekonomiese aktiwiteit in die land wat tans vir meer as 60% van alle direkte buitelandse belegging in Zambië sorg.
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Ailola, David A. "The regulation of commercial banks in Zambia and their role in development." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4317/.
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This work analyses the regulation of commercial banks in Zambia and its impact on the role that these institutions are playing in national development. The background to this analysis is -the conviction that as these institutions control enormous amounts of resources, or are capable of doing so, then they need certain incentives to make them available for investment. These institutions are not using their own money. Such incentives or inducements therefore must ensure that those resources are safely invested. The incentives envisaged include regulations both of the institutions themselves as well as the economic system. It is these aspects that this work examines. The work is divided into six basic chapters. The first chapter is the introduction which makes the case for a role to be played by commercial banks in development, under proper regulation. The second chapter gives a historical origin of banks in Zambia, including the circumstances of existing commercial banks. Chapter three deals with the regulations affecting commercial banking. This is basically an outline of the various statutes enacted in the country since the colonial days. Chapter four makes the case for the actual relevance or need for commercial bank involvement in Zambia's economic development. It sketches out the historical shortage of resources in investment. Chapter five deals with the actual role played by banks in Zambia's development, while chapter six appraises the effect of the regulations on that performance. The seventh chapter is a summary of the study and the conclusions reached. The law is stated as it stood in 1985, although recent developments and laws known to the author are included.
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Hepburn, Sacha. "A social history of domestic service in post-colonial Zambia, c.1964-2014." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dfd7ee2e-81f6-458f-8ba9-467be0857040.
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This thesis examines the history of domestic service in Zambia from the 1960s to the present day. Domestic service was one of the largest sectors of urban employment throughout this period and involved large numbers of men, women and children selling and buying labour in a variety of working arrangements. The sector has, however, received little scholarly or official attention, reflecting a broader historiographical neglect of informal sector employment and the female workers who predominate in this area of the economy. The lack of attention paid to domestic service by academics and policy-makers has considerably limited the questions that have been asked about who workers are and how processes of reproduction and production have been organized at a household and societal level in Zambia, both historically and in the present. Most immediately, in order to work outside of the home, earn money and access crucial resources, thousands of Zambians needed to find someone else to take care of their homes and children. Drawing on a wide range of source material, this study demonstrates the importance of domestic service to social and economic relations in post-colonial Zambia. The study centres on domestic service arrangements in black households in the capital city of Lusaka. It examines how and why men, women and children found work in service, how and why employers sought help with domestic and care labour, and the relationships that developed between these parties. The study illustrates the diversity of the sector, with working arrangements varying from seemingly-informal kinship-based labour relations at one end of the spectrum to formalised, contractual employment at the other. The study also explains the gendered and generational shifts that have reshaped domestic service over the last fifty years, drawing attention to the increased significance of women and female children's labour. Overall this thesis provides new insights into class formation, rural-urban dependencies, gender relations, and the nature of inequality in a post-colonial African city.
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Parsons, Elizabeth C. "Provoking the Rocks: A Study of Reality and Meaning on the Zambian Copperbelt." Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/61.
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Even though the West, or Global North, initiates extensive development policymaking and project activity on the African continent, this study argues that one source of major frustration between different parties entrusted to do the work arises from cognitive differences in their worldviews. These differences affect people's actions and have theological ramifications involving how we all understand meaning and reality. The study employs a case method analyzed through the lens of Alfred Schutz's sociology of knowledge theories and augmented by insights from African scholars to look at basic perceptual differences between Zambians and expatriates working on the Copperbelt Province's mines. After exploring how participants in the study interpreted various experiences, this study concludes that Zambians and expatriates were essentially living in "parallel universes" of meaning regardless of their apparently shared activities and objectives. The study further argues that viewpoints expressed by Zambian participants can be extrapolated into powerful lessons for members of civil society who are concerned about international development and the environment. Such teaching elements could especially help reshape how Americans and other Westerners understand ourselves in relation to physical creation and the cosmos as well as to those from radically different cultures. Lessons learned from the Zambian perspective could also help reinvigorate Western theological thinking, providing much needed critiques of discourses that currently dominate international development policymaking and planning and that determine value principally according to economic strategies and fulfillment of efficient, measurable objectives.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
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Makuzva, Washington. "Tourists' perspectives of a tourism product in a selected Zimbabwean town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2847.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.A well-packaged tourism product is the deciding factor in the choice of tourists about which destination to visit. A tourism product can be bundled with many tourism elements such as accommodation, attractions, activities and tours, price, image and climate. The tourism elements that build up a tourism product are the principle factors that contribute to the decision to choose one destination over another destination. Tourists can put a number of tourism products on the table, based on their needs and wants. However, they opt for one tourism product that promises to satisfy their demands. Destinations that offer unique tourism products are the most successful in a competitive industry since tourists will visit such destinations to fulfil their needs. However, even though some destinations like Victoria Falls offer unique tourism products, it is important to understand the nature and trends of tourists visiting this destination and their perceptions of the tourism product. This will assist in planning how to address any areas of concern as well as maintaining areas that are performing well. Limited research exists on tourist perspectives of the Victoria Falls tourism product and hence this is the focus of the current research. It will help in broadening the knowledge of the relevant tourism bodies in Zimbabwe on how tourists view the tourism product, as well as aiding sustainable development and growth of the tourism product. This study followed a quantitative methodology design. The interviewer administered 377 questionnaires on face-to-face basis to tourists on a voluntary participation basis. Systematic sampling was used to collect the data.Key findings indicate that despite the increasing number of females visiting this destination, males still dominate the tourist numbers. The majority of tourists fell within the age bracket of 21-50 years. The findings further show that availability of attractions, price of the tourism product, and accessibility of the destination play a paramount role in influencing tourists to visit the destination. Most tourists’ expectations were met and they would visit again in future and recommend the destination to friends and relatives. The most satisfactory results were noted on the attractions, activities, tours, and tourist accommodation. Despite these positive results, tourists felt that prices of accommodation, activities, tours, as well as dining, was too high. Furthermore, too many police roadblocks and unnecessary fines were noted as being detrimental to the tourism product. The researcher noted all concerns and made recommendations to overcome these negative aspects. The experience of tourists at a destination is strongly associated with an amalgamation of different elements of a tourism product. It is crucial to understand the performance of each tourism element as this contributes significantly to the success of the tourism product. The results of this study will afford the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority and Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority an understanding of the Victoria Falls tourism product from a tourist perspective. These entities will be able to improve the product, make it more attractive to tourists, and hence grow future visitor numbers. In addition, the results of this study create a baseline for future research. Monitoring of tourist perspectives over time and an evaluation and assessment of the tourist demands can be done, which will help in the modification and upgrading of the tourism product to match the demands of the consumers (tourists).
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Mulusa, L. M. "The impact of South African firms on the liberalised Zambian economy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20936.
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Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: While admitting that the ambitious privatization programme embarked on from 1991 to date in Zambia has contributed to unemployment largely due to the closure of privatized parastatal companies, post-privatization business conduct of investors need analyzing in order to understand why the expected economic growth and job creation in the country has never taken place. In this article the role the local political leadership, globalization and the tendency towards misplaced policy formulation play in driving the state of under development in Zambia will be analysed. The inherent weaknesses in the New Partnership for Africa’s Development which may further deny poor African countries such as Zambia, the benefits of a well timed and supported programme to provide home grown solutions for the continent’s numerous developmental problems will also be looked at. The paper will contribute towards resolving Zambia’s problems by suggesting the need to formulate policies which create a positive interface between local policies adopted to support and attract investment, and the motives driving the global players to invest in particular countries. In particular this paper focuses on the absence of good investment policy formulation, and consequently, the absence of the full economic benefit which should be derived by the economy for hosting multinational business enterprises such as the Shoprite Checkers Group.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ambisieuse privatiserings program wat sedert 1991 in Zambië gevolg word, het hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die sluiting van geprivatiseerde semistaatsmaatskappye tot werkloosheid bygedra. Die sake-optrede van beleggers ná privatisering moet egter ontleed word ten einde te verstaan waarom die verwagte ekonomiese groei en werkskepping nooit in hierdie land plaasgevind het nie. In hierdie artikel sal die rol wat die plaaslike politieke leierskap, globalisering en die neiging na misplaaste beleidsformulering in onderontwikkeling in Zambië speel, ondersoek word. Die inherente tekortkominge in die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika-ontwikkeling wat arm Afrikalande soos Zambië moontlik die voordele van ’n geleë en ondersteunde program om eie oplossings vir die kontinent se veelvuldige ontwikkelingsprobleme te bied, ontsê, sal ook onder die loep geneem word. Hierdie artikel sal ter oplossing van Zambië se probleme voorstel dat beleid geformuleer word wat ’n positiewe raakvlak bied tussen plaaslike beleid wat aangeneem is om belegging te lok en te ondersteun, en die beweegredes agter wêreldrolspelers se besluite om in spesifieke lande te belê. Hierdie artikel fokus veral op die afwesigheid van die formulering van goeie beleggingsbeleid en die gevolglike afwesigheid van die volle voordeel wat die ekonomie daaruit kan put om as gasheer vir multinasionale sake-ondernemigs soos die Shoprite Checkers Groep op te tree.
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Mutamba, Manyewu. "Rural livelihoods, forest products and poverty alleviation: the role of markets." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006081.
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There is growing acknowledgement that forests and forest products are central to rural livelihoods, but their role in lifting households out of poverty remains contentious. This study tested the assertion by proponents of forest based poverty alleviation that changing conditions in the use and management of forests and forest products has created opportunities for poor rural households to lift themselves out of poverty. The study used detailed annual income data from various household sectors in two contrasting sites in Zambia, namely Mufulira and Kabompo districts, analyzing the relative contribution of forest income to household livelihood, the effect of household wealth status on forest use, factors driving household participation in forest product trade, and the influence of distance to urban markets on trends in the use of forest products. The study found that forest based activities play a central role in the livelihoods of households in the two study sites, contributing close to half of total household income, and dwarfing the contribution of agricultural sectors such as cropping and livestock rearing which are generally regarded as the main income sources for rural households. Forest based sectors were also found to be particularly valuable sources of household cash, often coming at critical times to meet basic needs. The findings also revealed that without the contribution of forest income, the proportion of households that would fall below the poverty line would increase sharply in both study sites. Wealthier households earned higher magnitudes of both subsistence and cash income from forest based activities than their poorer counterparts. Even the share of total household income coming from forest based activities was also higher among these better-off households, confirming that these activities are lucrative and they are improving the wealth status of households. Household participation in forest product trade was found to be influenced by demographic factors such as number of productive household members, age and the education level of the household head. Economic factors such as the level of income from wage labour, household poverty level, and ownership of key assets such as a bicycle were found to be important. Distance of homestead from the forest was also found to be an important contextual variable. The influence of urban demand on the use of forest products by rural households was significant in the study area. Although local sales played an important part as a source of cash for households, the most preferred channels for trade were linked to urban markets, either through roadside markets, middlemen or direct sales to urban buyers. The study concluded that with improved local organization and support for product development and marketing, some forest based activities provide a viable poverty alleviation option for poor rural households who otherwise have limited economic opportunities to escape poverty.
Books on the topic "Zambia – Economic conditions"
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Roger, Young. Zambia: An assessment of Zambia's structural adjustment experience. Ottawa: North-South Institute, 1990.
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Young, Roger. Zambia, adjusting to poverty. Ottawa, Canada: North-South Institute, 1988.
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Matale, James. Equity & development in Zambia. Ndola, Zambia: Economics Association of Zambia, 2009.
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Turok, Ben. Mixed economy in focus: Zambia. London: Institute for African Alternatives, 1989.
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Collantes, Verona. An investment guide to Zambia: Opportunities and conditions. New York: United Nations, 2011.
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"in the Limpopo valley harvest labour was needed for rice production at the agro-industrial complexes at the same time that the peasants needed to harvest their own plots. The colonial settlers had relied on force and on the use of task work to cope with this. Hence, the peasants would start very early in the morning to harvest a designated area at the settler farms and subsequently move on to their family plots. The wage would supplement the income and subsistence acquired from the family plot. However, when the state farms tried to introduce an eight-hour working day (instead of task work), they experi-enced an immense withdrawal of labour when it was most needed. The wage did not cover the consumption needs of a family throughout the year and, increasingly, money did not guarantee access to goods or did so only at the cost of accepting catastrophic reduction in the real wage. Similar shortage problems of labour were experienced in the plantation sectors, in food pro-duction in state complexes of Angonia or Zambezia, on cotton farms in the north, etc. The co-operative movement, which was never very strong since it had never received the effective material backing of the state, was further weakened by the fact that the development of parallel markets within the rural economy enfeebled the poorer peasantry even further. The latter would have to be the social force to be mobilised behind the co-operative movement; rather, it became economically weakened as a result of its rapidly deteriorating real incomes and the fact that the existing co-operative movement provided no real alternative. The government policy to link up purchase with sale so as to stimulate rural production did nothing to counteract this process of differen-tiation but, rather, tended to intensify it. Indeed, rural trade between the state and the peasantry was intermediated by private trade. The policy gave them an increased leverage over the peasantry and allowed them to channel more crops into the parallel markets since they effectively traded at terms of exchange which were less favourable than those laid down officially. Furthermore, the impact was that the supply of com-modities became concentrated in the hands of the richer peasantry (who had surpluses to sell) and this gave them leverage over the poorer peasantry. Finally, this process did not take place within conditions of peace but, rather, within an ever-spreading war situation. The South African-backed MNR was gradually spreading throughout the whole country and its acts of brutal oppression of the population and of sabotage and destruction of the whole network of social and economic infrastructure led to the increased destabilisation of the economy and society. To combat this force, a strong alliance between the army and the peasantry was necessary. But this alliance itself became weakened by the worsening of the economic situation of the peasantry. Economic investment was concentrated in bis projects within the state sector and these became the target of MNR attacks. On the other hand, the destabilis-ing effect of the concentration of resources on the state sector and of off-loading the burden of the costs on to the peasantry through the inflationary issue of money, unbacked by material resources, weakened the peasantry economically and intensified processes of differentiation. At the time of the preparation for the Fourth Congress it was not surprising." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions, 209. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-32.
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