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1
Kean, Stuart A. "Developing a Partnership between Farmers and Scientists: the Example of Zambia's Adaptive Research Planning Team." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 3 (July 1988): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700016148.
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SUMMARYThe Adaptive Research Planning Team in Luapula Province (ARPT-LP) is one of nine provincial teams in Zambia conducting farming systems research within the Research Branch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Development. ARPT-LP has been relatively successful in developing a partnership with farmers, involving them in both the planning and implementation of the team's research programme. This paper examines the formal and informal occasions on which farmers have been involved in the team's activities, with examples to illustrate how farmers' opinions have influenced decisions made by ARPT-LP. The factors which have influenced the frequency and quality of the scientists' interaction with farmers are discussed.
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Huang, Zhenqiang. "The annual total artesian water diversion plan of 300billion Square meters in the arid desert area of northwest China." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 2 (April 14, 2020): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00227.
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The water shortage in the arid desert area of northwest China has seriously restricted the healthy, balanced and sustainable development of the national economy. In the arid desert area of northwest China, the total budget of the full artesian water diversion project of 300billion square meters per year is less than 3trillion yuan, and the construction period is less than 10years. Hope the central government, Ministry of Water Resources, ministry of agriculture, ministry of water and power. And other major national economy and people's livelihood related departments and many experts and scholars, people with lofty ideals to pay high attention in a timely manner.
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Simasiku, Tashar. "The Impact of Funding on Quality of Early Childhood Education Service Provision in Zambia from 2015-2018." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.08.01.art002.
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High-quality Early Childhood and Education (ECE) is critical to positive child development and generates high economic returns. On the contrary, Access to quality ECE in Zambia remains low particularly for the vulnerable. The situations are compounded by inadequate funding to the ECE subsector. This study evaluated the effect of funding on the quality of ECE in Zambia for the period 2015 to 2018. It assessed the effect of funding on the provision of ECE services by analysing the funding patterns to the Ministry of General Education through to Directorate of Early Childhood Education (DECE), Provincial Education Office (PEO), District Education Board Office (DEBO) and finally the 10 identified schools /ECE centres. To assess effect on quality, the study analysed the effect of funding on the eight identified early learning quality elements as espoused by the Ministry of General Education. These are, Infrastructure, Water and sanitation, Playgrounds, Furniture, Equipment and materials, Staffing, Support Staff and Enrolment. The methodology employed in this study included desk review of the funding reports at the identified fund management levels as well as Key Informant Interviews (KII) at each identified level. The results from the desk review and KII indicated that, funding to ECE for the period 2015 to 2018 was inadequate. At school level, much of the funding went toward equipment and materials while Water and Sanitation Infrastructure, Playgrounds, Furniture Equipment and materials were inadequately funded. This negatively affected the quality of ECE services provided in Zambia between 2015 to 2018.
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Kovačević, Vlado. "Analysis of current state and limiting factors for the development of organic sector in Serbia." Western Balkan Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development 3, no. 1 (2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/wbjae2101023k.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the current situation and potential for the development of organic agriculture in Serbia. Despite the favourable agri-ecological conditions for the development of organic agriculture, this branch of agriculture in Serbia significantly lags behind the world and European average in terms of the percentage of agricultural land under organic production. The motive for the conducted analysis within this paper stems from the fact that the demand for organic products in the EU has been increasing at a rate of about 10% annually in recent years, which represents a chance for Serbian agriculture. Data sources used are from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia (MAFWM), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS) and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FIBL) while the basic research method is interview with experts and participants in organic agriculture. The results of the analysis show that the main limiting factors for the development of Serbian organic agriculture are dominance of small and economically weak producers and insufficient consumer confidence in organic products. The path to the development of organic agriculture is in the increased cooperatives activity and the improvement of consumer confidence in organic products.
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Jankulovski, Nikolche, Emiliana Silva, Katerina Bojkovska, and Angjelka Jankulovska. "Rural Development in a Function of Local Economic Development: Case Study of Municipality of Krushevo." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n1p162.
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<p>The local economic development is a process in which the local authorities and partners from the business sector and the non-governmental sector work together to improve the business climate. Through positive financial results conditions for economic growth are created and the employment opportunities are increased. Most of the municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia are still at an early stage of development of the idea of local economic development, due to fact that the preparation of the municipal strategies and action plans are the only activities carried out in this direction so far.</p><p>The National Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development for the period 2009-2013 stresses tourism and agriculture as priority areas for development of the country and analyzes the situation and the range of responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management. Parallel, the national programs facilitating agriculture and rural development in Macedonia in favor of global trends for creation of sustainability in rural regions through the development of agriculture and additional activities for families living or returning to rural areas (villages). The rural development through the few authentic examples in Macedonia already shows the first interest although the contours of the branch are not defined yet.</p>The rural development is able to a greater extent to meet the needs of the modern man that the urban environment is not able to satisfy. To clarify what can be these unmet needs and to answer the question of interest due to demand for this type of tourism, it is necessary to analyze contained rural tourism.
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Jurčík, R. "Public Private Partnerships and possibilities of their using in the field of Ministry of Agriculture ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 9 (February 17, 2012): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5042-agricecon.
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Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are based on co-operation between the public and private sector. The reason for using it is a lack of public financial sources. For this reason, in most PPPs the management and financing of the project is entrusted to the private sector. In the Czech Republic, the widest development area for PPPs in the scope of the Ministry of Agriculture is probably water supply. The further areas for using of PPPs in the scope of this Ministry are the following: forestry, flood protection, adjustment of water flow, security of water sources, builging of the strategic foodstuff store. Important attempts have been made within the last year to increase the implementation of PPPs in water supply. These attempts are based on operation models similar to the BOT (Build Operate Transfer) and the DBFO (Design Build Finance Operate). In addition, the Czech Parliament adopted a law No. 139/2006 Coll., on concessions procedure and concession treaty which entered into force in July, 1<sup>st</sup>, 2006 and which brings the legal framework for realisation of the PPPs. There are some legal barriers which limited wide using of the PPPs. It is in the case of public-private venture companies (the limitation is in public procurement law). Public-private venture companies – which refer to the situation where both the private and the public sector holds equity, and, consequently, the company is controlled by the private as well as the public sector – should be the ideal form of PPPs in the areas which are in the scope of the Ministry of Agriculture.
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Tooley, Paul W. "Development of an Inoculation Technique and the Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Coniothyrium glycines." Plant Disease 101, no. 8 (August 2017): 1411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-16-1373-re.
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Red leaf blotch, caused by Coniothyrium glycines, is a serious disease affecting soybean in several African countries but has not yet appeared in the United States. The fungal pathogen is listed as a Select Agent by the Federal Select Agent Program because of potential consequence to U.S. agriculture if introduced. Sources of resistance to red leaf blotch have not yet been identified in spite of extensive field testing in Zambia and Zimbabwe. A seedling inoculation protocol was used to investigate the effects of inoculum density, temperature (20 and 25°C), and dew chamber incubation period (2 to 5 days) on disease development in ‘Williams 82’ soybean. Inoculum density and incubation period had significant effects on disease severity but no significant difference was observed at 20 and 25°C. Highest levels of disease were obtained using 1.94 cm3 of mycelial inoculum per 10 ml of water and incubating plants for 5 days at 100% relative humidity. Significant differences were not observed between isolates from Zambia and Zimbabwe at 25°C. In total, 23 soybean genotypes that represent nearly 90% of the genes present in U.S. soybean were evaluated and found to be susceptible, which is consistent with previous field evaluations. This method could be useful in identifying new sources of resistance to red leaf blotch.
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Tzaskos, Danilla Fernanda, Crislaine Marcovicz, Nivea Maria Piccolomini Dias, and Neiva Deliberali Rosso. "Development of sampling for quantification of glyphosate in natural waters." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 36, no. 4 (August 2012): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542012000400003.
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Glyphosate is a systemic, post-emergent, non-selective herbicide widely used in agriculture. The objective of this study was to develop a method for sample preparation, to partially purified natural water samples contaminated with residues of glyphosate, and to quantify them by derivation and spectroscopically. To assess the accuracy of the method, samples of water from an artesian well and from a stream were fortified with known amounts of glyphosate. The concentration of glyphosate was determined using a standard curve concentration range from 4 to 14 mg L-1. From the concentration of glyphosate recovered, in both samples of fortified water it was found that DOWEX MWA-1 resin and NaCl 0.100 mol L-1 eluent were effective in the purification of the samples. It was found that the method is reproducible because the results are within the range acceptable for the analysis of residues of pesticides, with a percentage coefficient of variation below the allowed limit. It was found that in the water samples with suspected contamination, the concentration of glyphosate was greater than that permitted by the Ministry of Health.
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Yiğen, Melek, and Murat Tekiner. "An Overview of Evapotranspiration Guide for Irrigated Crops in Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i2.266-274.2245.
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The “Action Plan for the Water Use in Agriculture Activation Program” in the Tenth Five-Year Development Plan, prepared by The Ministry of Development for the period 2014-2018, is one of the most important indicators of the increasing importance of water resources and irrigation. It’s published according to Blaney-Criddle method with the data of the Crop Evapotranspiration Guideline in 1982, for a guide to be updated by General Directorate of Agricultural Research And Policies (TAGEM) and General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) in 2013, using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman Monteith method. While DSİ undertakes the calculation of reference plant water consumption (ET0), effective precipitation and irrigation water requirement of this update, TAGEM is responsible for the compilation of information obtained from irrigation researches, calculation of plant coefficient (kc) values, publication of guides in written and electronic media realized. In this study, five guides (Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Edirne, Kocaeli and Tekirdağ) in three different climatic regions (Akdeniz Ardı, Marmara and İç Geçit-Marmara) were used in this guide, which the two institutions jointly organize and update with intensive effort, TUIK 2012-2016 considering the data, the county made on the basis of agriculture and untreated plants, guide place whether to get cases examined, the importance and aspects to be developed contacts have tried to reveal.
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Vasiljević, Zorica, Nikola Popović, Bojan Dimitrijević, Dragan Vujović, and Branka Kalanović Bulatović. "Influence of the Governmental Investment Subsidies On Development of Serbian Viticulture." Economic Themes 55, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2017-0011.
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AbstractViticulture is an important branch of Serbian agriculture. It has a long tradition, but there is the decreasing trend both in areas under vineyards and in grape production. The analysis intends to answer the question what are the reasons for those trends. The main goal of the paper is to analyse the relationship between the decrease in areas under vineyards and the level of investment effectiveness in this type of production. The paper analyses the influence of the governmental agrarian policy measures onto increase of investments′ effectiveness in vineyard establishment. The government has adopted the measures for subsidising the establishment of vineyards. The research analyses the economic effectiveness of investments by using the calculation of investments as well as dynamic multi-periodic methods of investment analysis (Net Present Value - NPV and Internal Rate of Return - IRR). The data for investment analysis (investments, the value of production, operating costs) have been collected by the farms through the survey made in Central Serbia, while the data on the governmental subsidies have been taken from The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. The analysis has shown that investments into vineyards are not profitable without governmental subsidies and support.
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Kalinina, Lyudmila, and Inga Zelenskaya. "Current state and problems of commercial fish-farming development in Russia." SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185501008.
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Russia, like no other country in the world, has a huge potential for fish-farming development. According to data of different authors, in Russia from 12 to 16 million hectares of water areas of inland water bodies are suitable for fish-farming. Aquaculture farms potential in Russia is estimated at, at least, 2-3 million tons. It should be borne in mind, however, that our statistics do not take into account the so-called micro water bodies with an area of less than 1 hectare. The Department of Economics and Accounting in Agroindustrial Complex of the Irkutsk State Agrarian University in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk Region carried out a study of aquaculture production state, identified factors that hampered its development, gave recommendations on use of forms of state support for agricultural aquaculture producers. The article is devoted to the current state and problems of commercial fish-farming development in Russia, including main aquaculture objects cultivated in Russia and its potential species; volume of catching aquatic biological resources and production of aquaculture products in Russia from 2007 to 2016 and main directions of state support for this sector.
12
Liu, Ying, Xiao Yu, Yan He, and Xun Jian Long. "The Research Progress of Water-Saving Irrigation in China since 2000." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3206.
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It is known that, in our country, the current situation of water for farmland irrigation is low utilization, lack of management and a large number of serious water wastes. Therefore, the development of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology has become a top priority. According to the statistics survey of National Water Resources Development Ministry which published by Water Resources Bulletin, from 2000 to 2012, this paper analyzes the Chinese investment trend on water-saving irrigation, as well as the changeable situation of effective irrigation area. The results show that, during statistical periods, our country has paid attention to irrigation work and increased emphasis policy on agriculture. On this occasion, the irrigation investment increased 6 times and the promotion area increased by 14%. We can even draw a conclusion that China has promoted the development of agricultural water conservation work effectively. Moreover, in view of the existing multiple saving irrigation methods, this manuscript also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages in practical application, respectively. Putting forward the simulative suggestions to promote the water-saving irrigation technology and equipment provides a theoretical basis for future water-saving irrigation.
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Molle, François, and Chu Thai Hoanh. "Implementing integrated river basin management in the Red River Basin, Vietnam: a solution looking for a problem?" Water Policy 13, no. 4 (April 23, 2011): 518–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.012.
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Several water policy principles considered to be modern and internationally sanctioned have recently been adopted by Vietnam. This article focuses on the establishment of the Red River Basin Organization but expands its analysis to the wider transformations of the water sector that impinge on the formation and effectiveness of this organization. It shows that the promotion of integrated water resource management icons such as river basin organizations (RBOs) by donors has been quite disconnected from existing institutional frameworks. If policy reforms promoted by donors and development banks have triggered changes, these changes may have come not as a result of the reforms themselves but, rather, due to the institutional confusion they have created when confronted with the emergence of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE). For the MoNRE, the river basin scale became crucial for grounding its legitimacy and asserting its role among the established layers of the administration, while for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, RBOs became a focal point where power over financial resources and political power might potentially be relocated at its expense. Institutional change is shown to result from the interaction between endogenous processes and external pressures, in ways that are hard to predict.
14
Gruening, H., H. Hoppe, S. Messmann, and A. Giga. "Cost effectiveness of centralised and decentralised storm water treatment." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 11 (June 1, 2011): 2598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.163.
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As part of a research & development project commissioned by the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia's Ministry for the Environment and Nature Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (MUNLV) an examination is being carried out of the general possibilities for centralised and decentralised treatment storm water runoff to be discharged into (canalised) receiving waters and the costs ensuing from this. The examination of the different options is being carried out under real conditions, with the Briller Creek (Wuppertal/Germany) and Müggen Creek (Remscheid/Germany) catchment areas being used as models. The range of investigations deals with a comparison between ‘decentralised, semicentralised, centralised’ storm water treatment, centralised storm water treatment involving a separate sewer and parameter-specific pollution based storm water runoff control. In the framework of the research project each of the variants is to be elaborated and the costs are to be calculated so as to permit a comparison between the different system designs. In particular, the investigations are to take into account the actual requirements to be met by storm water drainage systems involving separate sewage systems.
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Yousuf, Mahmood, Nada Rapantova, and Jalal Younis. "Sustainable Water Management in Iraq (Kurdistan) as a Challenge for Governmental Responsibility." Water 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111651.
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During the last few decades, a critical scarcity of water has occurred in the Middle East due to climate change and the mismanagement of water resources. The situation is complicated by the absence of an effective legislative framework at the local level as well as by the incapability and disrepute of the local water authorities. Most Iraqi citizens depend on the surface waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which have their sources in upstream neighbouring countries. Water crises concerning the shared waters urgently require a solution at the international level. Unfortunately, Iraq has faced several wars in a row (1980–2003), which has prevented the country from establishing its institutions. The rapid increase in the population of the transboundary countries on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the high demands on agriculture, are accelerating water exploitation. In this paper, the present state of water management in Iraq from the viewpoint of the legislative framework, water balance, and transboundary issues will be discussed, with special attention to Kurdistan. Many legislative documents have been established or amended by the Iraqi and Kurdistan parliaments since 2003. In 2015, the Kurdistan Government Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, in cooperation with the EU, issued a guide for environmental legislation related to all environmental components such as air, water, and soil. The recommendations on actions needed in the water management in Kurdistan will be presented; they are inspired by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC) implemented in EU member states.
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Shilpa, S. K. "Emergence of Producer Companies as Innovative Institutions for Agriculture Development in India: Issues and Challenges." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2020.17.2.5.
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Small and marginal farmers encounter several challenges in managing their farms, the major being limited investment capacity, access to inputs, water, power, and credit. In India, the Ministry of Agriculture recognized the collectivization of these farmers into producer organizations (POs) as the most appropriate institutional form to leverage farmers’ production and marketing capacities. The study aims to understand the characteristics of producer companies (PCs) and identify the issues and challenges in the emergence of PCs through a quantitative study of all PCs registered in the country using secondary data and a qualitative study based on interviews with 192 PC directors, members, and 11 promoting institutions. The formation and development of PCs are being actively undertaken by government and their agencies with major financial support from the Small Farmers Agri-Business Consortium (SFAC) and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), with technical support from resource support agencies. A total of 7,381 PCs were registered by March 2019, across 33 states and union territories, and 2,749 PCs were active as of March 2018. PCs face numerous challenges, the major being shortage of investment and working capital, compliance-related problems, lack of vision and direction from the board and poor professional management. From the perspective of the producer organization promoting institutions or POPIs, the major issues were attitude of farmers, limited number of members, poor equity base, subsidy driven process, and non-result-oriented approach of the PCs.
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Mustafayev, Zh S., and L. N. Ryskulbekova. "FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER USE IN THE CATCHMENT AREAS OF THE ILI RIVER BASIN." REPORTS 5, no. 333 (October 15, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.118.
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Based on the long-term information and analytical materials «Balkhash-Alakol Basin Inspectorate for Regulation of Use and Protection of Water Resources» of the Committee for Water Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the environmental indicator of specific water availability, which availability high water availability, ensuring sustainable development of economic sectors, but not ensuring the natural and environmental sustainability and safety of functioning of Lake Balkhash, as a geographic water body. The location in the arid and semi-arid zones, as well as the features of the formation of hydrological flow in the catchment areas of the Ili River basin, which determines the environment-forming system with socio-economic conditions and natural and technogenic objects that determine the level of water supply for water management sites, require the need for coordination of water management in order to prevent possible negative changes in watercourses and reservoirs that perform important environmental functions in the Ili-Balkhash basin, that is, to ensure natural and environmental sustainability and safe functioning of Lake Balkhash as a geographic water body.
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Nkondze, Majahodvwa S., Micah B. Masuku, and Absalom M. Manyatsi. "The Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production in Swaziland: The case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme." Journal of Agricultural Studies 2, no. 1 (November 22, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v2i1.4416.
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This study sought to investigate the impact of climate change on livestock production at the Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme in Swaziland. Primary data were collected using an interview schedule from 323 sampled households. Climate data were collected from the Swaziland Meteorology Department and Livestock data were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture. Perceptions of households and climate data were used to establish climate patterns in Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme. The Recardian regression model and descriptive statistics were used to establish the impact of climate change on livestock production. A total of 99.4% of the respondents suggested that temperatures were increasing whilst 98% felt that rainfall patterns were erratic. About 95% of the respondents have experienced drought at some point in time. Results of the Ricardian model showed that goats net revenue was sensitive to winter temperature, winter temperature squared, winter rainfall and winter rainfall squared. The study concludes that climate change impacts negatively on livestock production and thus livestock owners need touseclimate change adaptation strategies, adapt especially when it comes to drinking water sources for the animals. In case of poor rainfall, farmers need to provide their animals with drinking water. Government should assist livestock farmers with reliable water sources such as canals and dams.
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Wendland, Frank, Sabine Bergmann, Michael Eisele, Horst Gömann, Frank Herrmann, Peter Kreins, and Ralf Kunkel. "Model-Based Analysis of Nitrate Concentration in the Leachate—The North Rhine-Westfalia Case Study, Germany." Water 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020550.
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Reaching the EU quality standard for nitrate (50 mg NO3/L) in all groundwater bodies is a challenge in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westfalia (Germany). In the research project GROWA+ NRW 2021 initiated by the Federal States’ Ministry for Environment, Agriculture, Nature and Consumer Protection, amongst other aspects, a model-based analysis of agricultural nitrogen inputs into groundwater and nitrate concentration in the leachate was carried out. For this purpose, the water balance model mGROWA, the agro-economic model RAUMIS, and the reactive N transport model DENUZ were coupled and applied consistently across the whole territory of North Rhine-Westfalia with a spatial resolution of 100 m × 100 m. Besides agricultural N emissions, N emissions from small sewage plants, urban systems, and NOx deposition were also included in the model analysis. The comparisons of the modelled nitrate concentrations in the leachate of different land use influences with observed nitrate concentrations in groundwater were shown to have a good correspondence with regard to the concentration levels across all regions and different land-uses in North Rhine-Westphalia. On the level of ground water bodies (according to EU ground water directive) N emissions exclusively from agriculture led to failure of the good chemical state. This result will support the selection and the adequate dimensioning of regionally adapted agricultural N reduction measures.
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Mungkasa, Oswar M. "GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN JAKARTA, BASIC UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS IN INDONESIAN CITIES." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 2, no. 01 (August 27, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v2i01.2921.
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The implementation of green infrastructure (GI) in Indonesia accelerated by public awareness of the importance of conservation of natural resources and ecosystems. One of the Indonesian government’s efforts to apply the principles of GI in urban areas in a structured and massive manner is through the Green City Development Program (P2KH) Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR). The approach taken is Green Planning and Design, Green Open Space, Green Energy, Green Water, Green Waste, Green Building, Green Transportation, Green Community. The city that is the case study for discussion is Jakarta. Jakarta Smart City, Green Buildings, Urban Agriculture, and Child Friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA) are programs that successfully implemented. The implementation GI program easily accepted if based on the community.
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Kim, Jinsun, Baekyung Park, Jiyeon Choi, Minji Park, Jong Mun Lee, Kyunghyun Kim, and Yongseok Kim. "Optimum Detailed Standards to Control Non-Point Source Pollution Priority Management Areas: Centered on Highland Agriculture Watershed." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179842.
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The Ministry of Environment in Korea aims to reduce non-point source (NPS) pollution and improve soil water management by expanding NPS priority management areas. Six NPS priority management areas to reduce suspended solids (SS) according to soil loss were chosen as they either constitute serious hazards to the natural ecosystem due to NPS pollutants or they are areas with unusual geologic structure or strata. Although more comprehensive standards are required for effective NPS management, however, no detailed consideration factors and standards are available in the legal provisions. Therefore, in this study, based on the existing six priority NPS management areas and using results from previous studies, we present detailed legal designation standards. We found that the higher the altitude, slope, and field area ratio, the higher the effect of SS on water quality during rainfall. Additionally, there is a high correlation as R2 0.9813 between SS and the habitat and riparian index. These results are useful for establishing detailed standards for areas requiring an NPS management system, future expansion of the NPS priority management area designation, and policymaking and research for reducing NPS pollution in Korea.
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Mohamed El-Sayed Embaby. "Assessing urban sprawl by remote sensing and GIS techniques." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.3.0088.
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In the context of mega sustainable urban development projects, this research was commenced with the impartial of assessing urban sprawl (i.e., land use versus land cover variations) during 2000-2016 by remote sensing and GIS techniques, where GCR “Greater Cairo Region” was taken as a case study. Primarily, literature in the field of remote sensing and GIS technologies were assembled and scrutinized. In addition, data regarding build zones, agricultural areas and bare soil regions so as water were assembled from different resources (i.e., Ministry of Agriculture). Remote sensing and GIS techniques were implemented. Results were obtained and analyzed. Finally, conclusions were deduced and recommendations were suggested. The research flagged-out that the GCR designated a drastic agriculture land loss of 10%. In addition, the research confirmed that built-up areas increased by 10% during 2000-2016. On the other hand, the results indicated that Giza and Qalyubia Governorates recorded the largest agriculture land loss by 8.72 and 7.88%, respectively, which is equivalent to 47 and 77 km2, respectively. The research prioritized the importance of defining the most affected zones within Giza and Qalyubia Governorates by correlating GIS data versus governmental files, where a difference of 50% was designated. The research portrayed the priority of modifying the government assessment approach in order to control urban sprawl.
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Sadiq, Mustapha A., John K. M. Kuwornu, Ramatu M. Al-Hassan, and Suhiyini I. Alhassan. "Assessing Maize Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change and Variability in Ghana." Agriculture 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9050090.
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This study examined the adaptation strategies of maize farmers to climate change and variability in the Eastern Region of Ghana using primary data collected from 150 maize farming households by the administration of structured questionnaires. The results of the multinomial logit regression revealed that rainfall perception, access to credit, and farming experience significantly influenced the adoption of recommended agricultural practices, whereas the adoption of soil-related strategies is influenced by gender and rainfall perception. Farming experience and rainfall perception influenced the adoption of improved varieties strategies. This study highlights the need for the development of water resources for maize production in the context of the changing climate. In this respect, the crucial roles of the Ghana Irrigation Development Authority, the agricultural extension division of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and other international organizations such as the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the World Bank regarding the development of irrigation facilities and the associated capacity building of the farmers are very important. Finally, the formation of Water User Associations for the smallholder farmers regarding the usage and maintenance of the irrigation facilities would be a step in the right direction.
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Hotelier-Rous, Noémie, Geneviève Laroche, Ève Durocher, David Rivest, Alain Olivier, Fabien Liagre, and Alain Cogliastro. "Temperate Agroforestry Development: The Case of Québec and of France." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 7227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177227.
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This study sought to shed light on the political and organizational dynamics favoring the deployment of agroforestry in temperate environments. Development paths of agroforestry practices in Québec (Canada) and France were analyzed regarding five different issues: political status and recognition, regulation and financing, knowledge acquisition, knowledge transfer and training, development actors and implementation in the field. Scientific studies and results continue to accumulate concerning temperate agroforestry and its environmental benefits. Political recognition of the field appears to be stronger in France (and the EU), which makes state financial aid conditional upon the adoption of the practices. In Québec, only the Ministry of Agriculture provides limited support. It financially assists research at a moderate level, as well as the installation and maintenance of trees by participating farmers to perform specific functions, i.e., erosion control, water quality, and biodiversity. A large number of actors are active in France, where efforts are being made to improve consultation and to reduce redundancy. Stakeholders in Québec are linked to the broader agri-environment field and act partially through agroforestry, according to varying degrees of competency, creating a disparity between regions. Recognition at the highest level, i.e., training for councillors and advisors, greater flexibility in obtaining assistance, inclusion of a greater diversity of systems, and a structure that ensures promotion and consultation, would favour the further development of agroforestry in the industrialized nations of the temperate zone.
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Komleva, E. V. "To the History of the Northern Sea Route Development: Meeting of Ship Owners in Irbit on February 25, 1879." Northern Archives and Expeditions 4, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2020-4-4-52-63.
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The article presents the publication of the decision of the meeting of major ship owners and industrialists of the Urals and Western Siberia, held on February 25, 1879 in Irbit. The preserved document reveals one of the pages of the history of the development of the Northern sea route: the organization of research expeditions to the area of the Ob Bay. The source emphasizes the close relationship between regional authorities and representatives of private capital in the development of the Northern territories and the search for water communication between Central Russia, European States and Siberia. It shows the great importance that the Siberian merchants attached to the possibility of opening new transport routes that can provide a profitable export of large volumes of Siberian raw materials to European markets. The 18 people who gathered, representing the largest Western Siberian and Ural private shipping companies, believed that trade through the Northern seas can give a powerful impetus to the development of both Western and Eastern Siberia: promote the rise of agriculture, trade and industry, ensure the flow of money to the region, stimulate demographic growth and development of sparsely populated areas. At the same time, the source under investigation fully reflects the pragmatism of merchants who did not want to invest in dubious enterprises and sought to achieve their goal – finding a reliable passage through the Northern waters – in the shortest possible time and with minimal costs. The ideas and recommendations formulated at the Irbit meeting of ship owners, although not unconditionally, served as the basis for planning further scientific research in the Kara sea by the Maritime Ministry and the Ministry of Finance.
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Ta, Phuong, Björn Tetzlaff, Michael Trepel, and Frank Wendland. "Implementing a Statewide Deficit Analysis for Inland Surface Waters According to the Water Framework Directive—An Exemplary Application on Phosphorus Pollution in Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany)." Water 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051365.
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Deficit analysis—which principally deals with the question “how big are the gaps between current water status and good ecological status?”—has become an essential element of the river basin management plans prescribed by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). In a research project on behalf of the Ministry of Energy, Agriculture, the Environment, Nature and Digitalization Schleswig-Holstein (MELUND), a deficit analysis based on distributed results from the water balance and phosphorus emission model system GROWA-MEPhos at high spatial resolution was performed. The aim was, inter alia, to identify absolute and relative required reduction in total phosphorus at any river segment or lake within the state territory as well as to highlight significant emission sources. The results of the deficit analysis were successfully validated and show an exceedance of the phosphorus target concentrations in 60% of the analyzed subcatchments. Statewide, 269 tons of phosphorus needs to be reduced yearly, which corresponds to approximately 31% of the total emission. Detailed data as well as maps generated by the deficit analysis benefit the planning and implementation of regionally efficient measures, which are indispensable with regard to meeting the environmental quality objectives set by the WFD.
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Bontoux, Jean, and Gérand Courtois. "Wastewater reuse for irrigation in France." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0660.
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In France the study of available pluviometric data shows that in some regions, where the need of water would not be satisfied, large hydraulic installations are existing (channels, dams, networks) that are limiting the consequences of this deficit. Therefore, France is not a country where direct reuse of wastewater for irrigation is a primary preoccupation of responsible authorities of water resource management. However, it is noteworthy that spreading wastewater on areas which may be suited for agricultural use, is in France a traditional practice within the bounds of sanitation and management. More recently there is also noted the enthusiasm for golf courses, big consumers of water in tourist areas particularly demanding in water resources during summer, as the development of big scale quasi-industrial cultures, for example those of maize very demanding in water quantity. The ministry of health, conscious of the public health problems, which possibly arise by wastewater reuse for irrigation, has published in 1991 guidelines, concerning this special field, developed by the Superior Council of Public Hygiene of France (C.S.H.P.F.). A major topic in these guidelines is to subordinate, case per case, every reuse to an administrative authority, previous appropriated to a strict control of the applied procedures. The objective of this present communication is to present, four years after their publication, a first assessment of this guideline application. In particular the following points result: a) spreading out wastewater stays in priority an alternative solution, as their reject in surface water is impossible; the objective in agriculture is in this case secondary. b) justified reuse by agricultural use is exceptional and never involve in practice cultures of products to be eaten uncooked. c) sprinkling golf courses have been object of relatively many cases; several quality control programs have been installed by the Ministry of Health and definite authorisations of use have been accorded.
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Halagarda, Michał, Władysław Kędzior, and Ewa Pyrzyńska. "Nutritional Value and Potential Chemical Food Safety Hazards of Selected Traditional and Conventional Pork Hams from Poland." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9037016.
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Consumers no longer look for food characterized only by health safety and proper nutritional value. As a result, an increased interest in traditional and regional food can be observed. The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of a comparative analysis of three types of hams: traditional products registered on the List of Traditional Products of the Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, then products whose names, retail prices, appearance, and manufacturer’s description suggest traditional methods of production, and finally conventional hams. The results show that traditional hams are characterized by the highest nutritional value among the analyzed groups of products. They have the lowest water and a high protein content. In addition, traditional hams are distinguished by a low concentration of sodium chloride and no addition of phosphates. The residues of nitrites and nitrates indicate their moderate use in manufacturing processes.
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Sokolskiy, A. F., A. Sh Kanbetov, N. N. Popov, B. A. Mutashev, and N. I. Rabazanov. "Contemporary ecological state of waters of the Caspian Sea during development of oil and gas deposits." South of Russia: ecology, development 16, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-2-98-107.
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Aim. This study was an attempt by the authors to identify the impact of oil production in the Caspian Sea on the quality of waters surrounding oil and gas-production platforms.Material and Methods. In 2018, by order of the Committee for Forestry and Wildlife of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazekoproekt carried out comprehensive marine research to assess the state of biological resources in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. All studies were carried out according to standard methods accepted in international practice. Samples were collected in summer (July-August) 2018 and autumn (September) 2018.Results. An analysis of the materials of environmental studies carried out in the water area of the eastern part of the Caspian Sea in 2018 established the absence of biogenic concentrations in sea water in excess of the standard indicators. It was found that in the waters surrounding several stations in summer and autumn, concentrations of oil products were exceeded. The concentrations of pesticides in the waters of the northern Caspian Sea recorded in 2018 were not detected.Conclusion. It was found that in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea in 2018 there was no concentration of biogenic elements in sea water above the standard indicators. Of the heavy metals, an excess of maximum permissible concentrations was found only at one station - of copper in the summer over 159 sq. m and in the autumn over 121 sq. m. Of particular concern is the fact that at several stations in summer and autumn excessive concentrations of petroleum products were recorded. The concentrations of pesticides in the waters of the northern Caspian Sea recorded in 2018 were not detected.
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M., Moses M. "The Analysis of Threats and Opportunities in Sustainable Irrigation Development in Lesotho." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 5 (October 30, 2014): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i5.1118.
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This paper analyzes threats and opportunities in sustainable irrigation development in Lesotho. The addressed research question is what threats and opportunities are there in irrigation projects backed by the government of Lesotho (GoL) for sustainable development and income generation in the rural areas for subsistence farmers. Threats to irrigation projects pose a problematic situation with a high possibility for project failure in attaining sustainable development. They need to be analytically identified for the provision of solutions at the project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation processes. The study has adopted the in-depth interviews for problems and opportunities identification with the participation of 63 irrigating farmers as respondents. Revealing threats against opportunities enable proper irrigation projects planning and implementation and therefore successful and sustainable irrigation development in Lesotho. Indepth field interviews’findings are on farmers in eight project sites selected by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) for further irrigation development with the backing of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The eight sites are (1) Semonkong Ha Lesala and (2) Semonkong Ha Sechache, in Maseru district, (3) Ha Rasekila in Butha-Buthe district, (4) Qopo Ha Molefi in Berea district, (5) Maphutseng in Mohale’s Hoek district, (8) Qhoalinyane Ha Semethe and (7) Qhoalinyane, in Qacha’s Nek district, and lastly (8) Ha Makoae in Quthing district. The main implementing agency for this Water Control Component of the Special Programme for Food Security is the MoA in Lesotho.
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Kárpáti, László. "Master training in Agribusiness and Rural Development at the University of Zagreb." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2007/1/15.
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The title of the proposed JEP project is: “Agribusiness Higher EducAtion Development” with the acronym AHEAD. This curriculum development project – in case of acceptance – will last for three years, from July 2005 and June 2008. The primary project site is the University of Zagreb, Croatia; the contractor and the co-ordinator institution is the University of Debrecen, Hungary. In the consortium, 3 further European universities (University of Hohenheim, Wageningen University and Scottish Agricultural College) will participate, from the Croatian side the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management and an additional 7 Croatian institutes will also be involved. The total number of members in the consortium is 13. The main objective of the AHEAD project is to establish new BSc and MSc programmes in Croatia at two Faculties of the University of Zagreb. These are as follows: Agricultural and Rural Development, Food Safety and Quality Management and pilot MSc training in Agribusiness and Rural Development. These are preceded by faculty retraining programmes in food safety and quality management, as well as agribusiness and commerce within the framework of a MBA programme accredited by the International MBA Network. The professional content of the project is a modernised curriculum and training palette that would be available by the end of this project at the University of Zagreb, serving not only the higher education of the country, but the demand of the Croatian national economy as well, in line with the basic principles of the European Union.
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Clementini, Chiara, Andrea Pomente, Daniele Latini, Hideki Kanamaru, Maria Raffaella Vuolo, Ana Heureux, Mariko Fujisawa, Giovanni Schiavon, and Fabio Del Frate. "Long-Term Grass Biomass Estimation of Pastures from Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132160.
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The general consensus on future climate projections poses new and increased concerns about climate change and its impacts. Droughts are primarily worrying, since they contribute to altering the composition, distribution, and abundance of species. Grasslands, for example, are the primary source for grazing mammals and modifications in climate determine variation in the available yields for cattle. To support the agriculture sector, international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations are promoting the development of dedicated monitoring initiatives, with particular attention for undeveloped and disadvantaged countries. The temporal scale is very important in this context, where long time series of data are required to compute consistent analyses. In this research, we discuss the results regarding long-term grass biomass estimation in an extended African region. The results are obtained by means of a procedure that is mostly automatic and replicable in other contexts. Zambia has been identified as a significant test area due to its vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change as a result of its geographic location, socioeconomic stresses, and low adaptive capacity. In fact, analysis and estimations were performed over a long time window (21 years) to identify correlations with climate variables, such as precipitation, to clarify sensitivity to climate change and possible effects already in place. From the analysis, decline in both grass quality and quantity was not currently evident in the study area. However, pastures in the considered area were found to be vulnerable to changing climate and, in particular, to the water shortages accompanying drought periods.
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Syamsuadi, Amir, Seri Hartati, Liza Trisnawati, and Diki Arisandi. "Strategi Kebijakan Pengembangan Sagu Berbasis Sentra Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM)." Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v2i2.6666.
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Based on estate statistics collected by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, that in 2017 the total area of plantations producing Sago Islands Regency reaches 91,944 hectares and plant production of 418,802 tons. The number increased from 2 years earlier, namely in 2015 sago plant area was 83,691 ha with a production yield of 366,032 tons and in 2016 sago plant area was 89,611 ha with a production yield of 377,914. This study tries to trace the direction of the sago-based policy development Center for Small and Medium Industries in the Meranti Islands District. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach which is research that focuses on the concepts that arise from the data. The results of the analysis and interpretation of data in the form of exposure to the situation under study and then given a narrative and systematic explanation. The results showed that policies in order to encourage the development of sago-based Small and Medium Industrial Centers in the Regency of Meranti Islands including carried out with scenarios of structuring the location of activities, land use plans, efforts to map the transportation network system plans, telecommunications, electricity and clean water.
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Jeon, Chanhyeok, Maimoona Raza, Jin-Yong Lee, Heejung Kim, Chang-Seong Kim, Bora Kim, Jeong-Woo Kim, Rak-Hyeon Kim, and Sun-Woo Lee. "Countrywide Groundwater Quality Trend and Suitability for Use in Key Sectors of Korea." Water 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041193.
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Under changing climate, increasing groundwater use has risen the concern for groundwater quality variations over recent years, to maintain a healthy ecosystem. The objectives were to identify trend of temporal variations in groundwater quality and its suitability for different uses in Republic of Korea. Water quality data were collected from 198 monitoring stations of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network (GQMN), annually for the period of ten years (2008–2017). Non-parametric trend analysis of a Mann–Kendall test and Theil–Sen’s slope was done on groundwater physico-chemical data of ten years. Groundwater suitability evaluation was done for use in main sectors including domestic (drinking) and agriculture (irrigation). For drinking suitability analysis, results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Korean Ministry of Environment (KME) established guidelines. For irrigation suitability evaluation, electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), percent of Na+, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), US Salinity Laboratory (USSL), and Wilcox diagram were used. Most significantly, water type belongs to Ca-HCO3 and Ca-SO4 types, but a small proportion belongs to Na-CO3 and Na-Cl types. Approximately, 96% and 93% of groundwater samples are suitable for drinking, based on WHO and KME guidelines, respectively. Around 98% and 83% of groundwater samples are in suitable range for irrigation use, based on USSL and Wilcox diagrams, respectively.
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Hartawan, Rudi, Yulistiati Nengsih, and Dan Edy Marwan. "Produksi dan Kualitas Benih Kedelai dalam Sistem Produksi Bersih." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 46, no. 3 (January 18, 2019): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v46i3.18910.
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Production of high quality seed is one of the key factors for soybean self-sufficiency. The study was aimed to produce high quality soybean seed from zero waste system. The trial was carried out at Sebapo Experimental Station, Jambi, Center for Agricultural Post Harvest Research and Development, and Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, The Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, from January until October 2017. The experiment used a complete randomized design with a treatments combination both organic nutrient of composted soybean litter (5 tons ha-1) and inorganic nutrient (25 kg Nitrogen ha-1, 50 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 50 kg K2O ha-1). The treatments were designed as follow : K0 (control), K1 (100% organic), K2 (75% organic + 25% inorganic), K3 (50% organic + 50% inorganic), K4 (25% organic + 75% inorganic), and K5 (100% inorganic). The results showed that the treatment K3 produced the highest seed production (1.72 tons ha-1) and the highest 1,000 seed weight (147.71 g). After 3 months storage at room temperature, the seed with treatment K3 could maintain its quality with indicator 1,000 seed weight (140.98 g), 10.82% water content, 34.98% protein content, 57.42 μScm-1g-1 electrical conductivity, 80.98% germination percentage and 27.48% etmal-1 rate of germination speed.Keywords: Compost, litter, seed technology
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Baban, M., M. Cacic, N. Korabi, T. Rastija, and P. Mijic. "Horse breeding in the Republic of Croatia and possibilities of its development." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-1 (2007): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701123b.
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The trend of capital investments is increasing in horse breeding, as one of the major livestock branches in the Republic of Croatia. A long tradition of horse breeding and natural resources eligible for horse breeding contributed to the creation of great potential for Croatia. Besides, state financial subventions are also helping horse breeding development. All forms of horse breeding are showing an increasing trend of development, which influences an increase in numerical trend of horses as well as their quality. Interest in horse breeding, sports or just in keeping horses as hobby animals is increasing each year. Main investors and movers are owners, breeders, sportsmen and horse lovers themselves. Help through state financial subvention is significant, but still very far from necessary funds. The regulative for financial subvention and other official acts are regulated for horse breeding through subvention groups. This is an efficient measurement to help breeders, but in the future changes will be necessary, mainly through different developing projects. Besides the only state stud farm of Lipizzan horses in Djakovo, many other breeding organizations exist in Croatia. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management authorized those organizations to maintain their own breeding program. Congruently many Stud Books were published and many are still in the process of publishing. One of the most significant projects realized last year was the international approval of Croatian breeding of Thoroughbred horses. The short period till entering European Union demands horse breeding reformation, therefore Croatian horse breeding passed a major reorganization process and gave a greater accent to independent breeding organizations. The regulation for publishing the identification document or "passport" (NN 74/20007) is also published. The main scientific-research-educational institution is still missing in order to create the horse breeding strategy. With its work this institution would benefit to more quality horse breeding in all of its segments.
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Scott, Dianne, Kornelia Iipinge, John Mfune, Davison Muchadenyika, Olavi Makuti, and Gina Ziervogel. "The Story of Water in Windhoek: A Narrative Approach to Interpreting a Transdisciplinary Process." Water 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101366.
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The aim of the paper is to present a story about the 2015 to early 2017 Windhoek drought in the context of climate change while using the narrative approach. The story that is presented here is derived from the engagement of participants in a transdisciplinary, co-productive workshop, the Windhoek Learning Lab 1 (March 2017), as part of the FRACTAL Research Programme. The results show that the story starts with the ‘complication’ where the drought had reached crisis levels where the water demand increasingly exceeded the supply in the face of the drought. The City of Windhoek (CoW) was unable to address the problem, particularly the recharging of the Windhoek aquifer due to lack of funding. Phase 2 then shows four reactions to the drought: water conservation by water demand management; a Water Saving campaign; the Windhoek Managed Aquifer Recharge Scheme; and, the setting up of the Cabinet Technical Committee of Supply Security. The resolution of the story, Phase 4, is when the national government instructs NamWater to provide the funds for CoW to complete the recharging of the aquifer, which supplied water to the city at the last minute at the end of 2016. The final situation of the story is that ongoing collaborative work by CoW with FRACTAL on the city’s burning issues is planned to integrate climate change into future decision making for the longer term. The main actors in the story are the Ministry of Agriculture and NamWater as hero and villain, and CoW a hero, with the victims of the story, the residents of informal settlements. The main learnings from this story are that the lack of decentralization of power and resources serve to exacerbate water crises at the local level and hamper climate adaptation, despite a proactive and innovative local municipality. The paper also shows that the narrative approach provides the thread of the story to simplify a very complex set of arrangements and contradictions.
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Lee, Joan. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1." Journal of Plant Studies 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v8n1p45.
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Journal of Plant Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Journal of Plant Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jps/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to jps@ccsenet.org.
Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 1
Adriana F. Sestras, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania
Alessandra Lanubile, Agriculture Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
Bingcheng Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, China
Chang-Jun Liu, Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States of America
Chrystian Iezid Maia e Almeida Feres, Tocantins Federal University, Brazil
Deborah Yara Alves Cursino Santos, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Denis Charlebois, Horticultural Research & Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-food Canada, Canada
Homa Mahmoodzadeh, Islamic Azad University, Iran
Milana Trifunovic-Momcilov, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Serbia
Rosana Noemi Malpassi, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Argentina
Slawomir Borek, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
Vatsavaya Satyanarayana Raju, Kakatiya University Warangal, India
Vijayasankar Raman, University of Mississippi, United States
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Ávila-Dávila, Laura, José Miguel Molina-Martínez, Carlos Bautista-Capetillo, Manuel Soler-Méndez, Cruz Octavio Robles Rovelo, Hugo Enrique Júnez-Ferreira, and Julián González-Trinidad. "Estimation of the Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Bell Pepper Using a Removable Weighing Lysimeter: A Case Study in the Southeast of Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020747.
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Water use efficiency is essential in semiarid regions of Spain, and it can be achieved through a precise knowledge of the real crop water requirements (CWR). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) offers standardized crop coefficients to establish the CWR. However, these coefficients can change due to different conditions, such as climatic variations and cultivation practices. In this work, the evapotranspiration (ETClys) and crop coefficients (KClys) of bell pepper were obtained with a compact removable weighing lysimeter between February and August for two crop seasons (2019 and 2020). ETClys was determined from the water balance, and the KClys values were determined as the ratio of the crop evapotranspiration, measured on the removable weighing lysimeter, and the reference evapotranspiration. The KClys average values for the bell pepper in the initial, middle, and final stages were 0.57, 1.06, and 0.80, respectively. KC regression models were obtained as a function of the fraction thermal units, achieving a maximum correlation of 0.67 (R2). In general, the KC values obtained in this research work were lower in the initial and in the final stages and larger in the middle stage in comparison with the FAO-56 values and other research works values in semiarid conditions. The bell pepper yield increased by 7.72% in 2019 and by 3.49% in 2020 compared to the yield reported by the Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Areas of the Spanish Government in 2019 and with a minimum water loss through drainage. The results in this work can help farmers to determine the crop water requirements and to improve the system efficiency in semiarid locations with similar conditions to those in the study.
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Kassem, Hazem S., Abdel Raouf Suleiman Bello, Bader M. Alotaibi, Fahd O. Aldosri, and Gary S. Straquadine. "Climate Change Adaptation in the Delta Nile Region of Egypt: Implications for Agricultural Extension." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030685.
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This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data, using questionnaires and interviews, from 792 randomly-selected farmers in two of the governorates in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt. A workshop was organized for 59 extension professionals working in the two governorates, looking at how the adaptive capacity of the agricultural sector towards climate change was being guided by policy-makers. Two focus groups were used: one with senior officials from the regional governorates and the other with central government administrators from the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. The study findings suggested that 51.9% of the investigated farmers at the two targeted governorates had no knowledge about the climate change phenomenon. Maximizing the use of manure, changing crop patterns, and crop rotation were the adaptation measures most commonly adopted by aware respondents against climate change. Results of a probit model analysis indicated that farmers’ ability to adapt to climate change was influenced by education level, farm size, diversity of production, and membership of a Water User Association. The study recommended some extension interventions to raise awareness of the anticipated effects of climate change.
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Hanny, Hanny, Lidya Agustina, Ita Salsalina Lingga, Rapina Rapina, Yenni Carolina, Elyzabeth I. Marpaung, Erna Erna, et al. "Analisis Pemetaan Profil Badan Usaha Milik Desa Serta Potensi dan Permasalahannya di Bidang Pengelolaan Air Bersih: (studi kasus di BUMDes Kertajaya, Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat)." PATRIA 2, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/patria.v2i1.2570.
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Based on comparison data between 2017 and 2018, according to BPS (Statistic Central Data) the number of the poverty rate decreases in the villages is much higher than in urban areas. The role of the government does not escape here through the Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration in terms of encouraging all villages to have Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). Although the BUMDes program has been launched since 2010, previous research shows that the BUMDes implementation program still not optimal. Departing from this condition, this research in the context of community service was created with the aim of mapping the profile of BUMDes, as well as finding the potential and controlling BUMDes and related business units. Meanwhile the issuing BUMDes is Kertajaya BUMDes, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, while the business unit issued is PAB Tirta Jaya which is engaged in the provision of clean water. BUMDes Kertajaya has various potentials in the fields of clean water, tourism, agriculture, facilities and fisheries. Our research indicate that BUMDes Kertajaya have good governance but still have constraints such as limited internet facilities, units business funding, human resources regeneration, minimum number of operating income and limited infrastructure facilities. While the potential PAB Tirta Jaya to develop its business in the field of clean water supply is quite high, especially in terms of raw materials and marketing. Some of the obstacles faced by PAB Tirta Jaya are the currently inadequate equipment available for business development / expansion, the lack of operating profit, the difficulty of PAB Kerta Jaya in regenerating human resources, the business value of the PAB Tirta Jaya that is currently underway is not yet high.
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Jankovic, Sasa, Aurelija Spiric, Tatjana Radicevic, and Srdjan Stefanovic. "Monitoring residue in animals and primary products of animal origin." Veterinarski glasnik 62, no. 5-6 (2008): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0806383j.
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The objective of control and systematic monitoring of residue is to secure, by the examination of a corresponding number of samples, the efficient monitoring of the residue level in tissues and organs of animals, as well as in primary products of animal origin. This creates possibilities for the timely taking of measures toward the securing of food hygiene of animal origin and the protection of public health. Residue can be a consequence of the inadequate use of medicines in veterinary medicine and pesticides in agriculture and veterinary medicine, as well as the polluting of the environment with toxic elements, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and others. Residue is being monitored in Serbia since 1972, and in 2004, national monitoring was brought to the level of EU countries through significant investments by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management. This is also evident in the EU directives which permit exports of all kinds of meat and primary products of animal origin, covered by the Residue Monitoring Program. The program of systematic examinations of residue has been coordinated with the requirements of the European Union, both according to the type of examined substance, as well as according to the number of samples and the applied analytical techniques. In addition to the development of methods and the including of new harmful substances into the monitoring programme, it is also necessary to coordinate the national regulations that define the maximum permitted quantities of certain medicines and contaminants with the EU regulations, in order to protect the health of consumers as efficiently as possible, and for the country to take equal part in international trade.
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Krykavskyy, Yevhen, Olha Prokopenko, Olena Shandrivska, Nadіia Vasyltsiv, and Sylwia Nycz-Wojtan. "Innovations in Management of the Complementary Development of the Territories Adjusted to the River Cargo Transportation." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2020): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.3-19.
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The paper deals with the results of the scientific discussion on the management of the complementary development of the adjacent territories to river freight. The main purpose is to substantiate the nature and directions of implementing the river transport potential in the country's logistics system by applying the concept of complementary development of the economy of port regions, focusing on the development of river ports as nodes of the country's logistics system. The relevance of the study is that the factors of radical growth of demand for inland waterway transportation from businesses and the state require a corresponding reorientation of logistics for many sectors of the economy, especially from the riparian territories. The research of the problems of river freight transportation сoncerning dimensional and functional economy restructuring of Ukraine's regions within logistics concept is carried out in the following logical sequence: the evaluation of the ability of river transport to form a direct and multiplicative effect of logistics, generated by gross regional product and export processes in the country's port regions; clustering of areas adjacent to river ports based on development potential (Gross Regional Product and exports); confirmation of the division of regions according to the mathematical algorithm of hierarchical clustering of adjacent regions; the evaluation of investment attractiveness of the country's port regions; managing the intensification of the impact of river transport for the development of surrounding areas; the evaluation of the potential of multiplier effect at the system of management of the river ports complementary development. The mathematical algorithm of hierarchical clustering of port regions using the SPSS software system and the heuristic approach to their structure (by author's method of forming clusters based on the contribution of river transport to the formation of the direct and multiplicative effect of logistics: formed GRP and export processes in the port regions of the country). The subject of the study is the port regions. The evaluation results of the contribution of river freight transport for the economy of the adjacent territories conducted based on regression analysis and analysis of the intensity of river transport use during 2007-2016 period, showed that river transport is not a market-forming factor of development of the adjacent territories. The results of the study can be useful for the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, administration of river ports, logistics operators, business in port regions, other participants of the market of water transportation in the process of prioritization of the goals of combined freight transportation Keywords logistics, regional development, river transport, port regions, territorial structure of Ukrainian, complementary development
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Shevchenko, Alexandr, and Olga Shiganova. "Ecologically Safe Geothermal Energy Resources in Western Siberia near high-rise construction zones." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302053.
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The development of geothermal energy in combination with other renewable energy sources (the sun, the wind) will help to solve the problem of heat supply and electrification in near high-rise construction zones of the country, especially in sparsely populated parts, where centralized energy and heat supply is economically unacceptable, and will improve the ecological situation. The aim of the research is to analyze the geothermal resources of the main aquifers in Western Siberia and to develop recommendations for further study and use of heat and power resources of this territory. The article gives retrospective of state research programs and potential use of hydrothermal resources of administrative units geographically entering the territory under consideration. It is noted that by now such programs have been curtailed for various reasons, although there are examples of their successful and effective use in various fields of industry and agriculture. According to the decision of the Supreme Ecological Council of the State Duma Committee of the Russian Federation adopted in 2014 on the beginning of the development of federal targeted programs for the use of heat power water as a source of electricity and heat supply, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation made proposals for further research and use of hydrothermal waters in Western Siberia. Implementation of the programs proposed by the authors, alongside with other positive aspects, will solve the problems of heat supply in remote territories and improve the environmental situation in the region.
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Galan, Deise I., Amira A. Roess, Simone Valéria Costa Pereira, and Maria Cristina Schneider. "Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000–2015." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0247763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247763.
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Background Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world and Brazil has the highest number of cases in Latin America. Transmission occurs mainly through exposure to water and soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The goals of this study are to describe the geographic distribution, demographic characteristics and exposure factors of urban and rural cases of leptospirosis, and identify spatial clusters in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Methods/results A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out using 16 years (2000–2015) of surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Cases were described by age, sex and race, and exposure factors were characterized in urban and rural areas. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using local Moran’s I to identify urban and rural clusters of disease. On average 3,810 leptospirosis cases were reported annually with higher numbers in urban areas. National urban and rural incidence rates were the same (1.9 cases/100,000 population), however, regional differences were observed. Urban incidence rates were higher in the North and Northeast regions, while rural incidence rates were higher in the Southeast and South. The main exposure factor reported in urban and rural areas was exposure to places with signs of rodents, followed by flood in urban areas and agriculture and animal farming in rural areas. Clusters of leptospirosis were identified in densely populated urban areas of the North, Southeast and South regions, while rural clusters were concentrated in of the Southern region with large agriculture and animal farming practices. Conclusions This study highlights that leptospirosis is an important public health problem in both urban and rural areas of Brazil. The results provide decision-makers with detailed information about where disease incidence is high and can be used in the development of prevention and control strategies for priority areas and risk groups.
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Kiwanuka, Rebecca N. L., and Charles Machethe. "Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Zambian Dairy Sector’s Interlocked Contractual Arrangements." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p230.
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<p>Linking smallholder farmers to modern value chains through contract agriculture (CA) is one of the rural development strategies being promoted to address the challenge of smallholders’ integration in markets. However, the conditions under which CA enhances smallholders’ prospects for inclusion in modern value chains is still debatable. This paper examines the determinants of smallholders’ participation in Zambian dairy markets through interlocked contractual arrangements (ICAs). A multi-stage sampling design was used to select 266 households from milk shed areas from three districts in Lusaka and Central provinces of Zambia. A double-hurdle model was estimated from data collected through semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Key determinants of smallholders’ participation in ICAs included ownership of improved breed animals, MCC milk price, access to dairy marketing information, income from other sources and landholding size. While most of these factors also affected the proportion of milk sold, the following were also important: household head education level, cattle rearing culture, extent of supplier’s dependency on buyer and trust in the exchange relationship. To enhance smallholders’ market participation, there is need to facilitate their access to extension services, infrastructure (breeding centres, MCCs and water) and affordable stock feed, and to offer them an effective milk price that is higher than the spot market price. Promotion efforts should target smallholders that are literate, from a cattle rearing culture, and particularly encourage youth and women participation. There is also need for building trust in the exchange relationship and judicious use of power by processors.</p>
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Al-Khateeb, Suliman Ali, Abid Hussain, Stefan Lange, Mohammad M. Almutari, and Felicitas Schneider. "Battling Food Losses and Waste in Saudi Arabia: Mobilizing Regional Efforts and Blending Indigenous Knowledge to Address Global Food Security Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158402.
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Food Loss and Waste (FLW) that entail substantial economic, environmental, and social cost is of great concern for a country fulfilling > 80% of food demands through the import of agricultural commodities. The current study mainly aimed at bringing together a wide range of perspectives on FLW by multi-stakeholder engagement in order to enhance cooperation and network building with respect to sharing knowledge and experiences on FLW prevention activities along the entire food supply chain for a country located at the geographic frontier facing stubborn challenges of desertification, water scarcity, and harsh climatic conditions. These challenges are not only being addressed at the national level but have also been made the focus of multilateral activities in 2020 as part of the Saudi G20 Presidency. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture under the umbrella of the G20 Meeting of Agricultural Chief Scientists (MACS) hosted a regional workshop on FLW in collaboration with the Thünen Institute, Germany, to raise awareness among Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The present paper provides insights into the current status of FLW by revealing that, overall, 33.1% of the total available food in the Kingdom is lost and wasted during the entire food supply chain. Overall, the GCC countries witnessed higher percentages of food waste compared with food losses. Environmental conditions prevailing in the region necessitate the development of adequate and appropriate cold chain storage facilities for balanced distribution through cold storage transportation facilities along the food supply chain to minimize food losses. However, campaigns and activities to raise awareness with a view of changing attitudes towards reducing FLW by the adoption of good practices, promoting the concept of circular economy practices, and the establishment of food banks for surplus food redistribution are important to mitigate FLW in the Kingdom.
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Chidakwa, Patience, Clifford Mabhena, Blessing Mucherera, Joyline Chikuni, and Chipo Mudavanhu. "Women’s Vulnerability to Climate Change: Gender-skewed Implications on Agro-based Livelihoods in Rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 27, no. 2 (June 2020): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520910969.
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Climate change presents a considerable threat to human security, with notable gender disproportions. Women’s vulnerability to climate change has implications on agro-based livelihoods, especially the rural populace. The primary purpose of this study was to assess women’s vulnerability to climate change and the gender-skewed implications on agro-based livelihoods in rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach that used purposive sampling techniques was adopted. Data was collected through 20 in-depth interviews with 11 de jure and 9 de facto small-scale female-headed farmer households. Two focus group discussions with mixed de facto and de jure small-scale female-headed farmer households were also conducted. Five key informant interviews were held with departmental heads of the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and Community Development; the Agriculture Technical Extension Service Department; the Livestock Production Department; the Runde Rural District Council and the Meteorological Services Department. Gendered effects were noted in terms of increased roles and responsibilities for women. Observations showed that there was an increase in distances travelled by women to fetch water owing to a depleted water table. Climate-induced migration of men due to depleted livelihoods in rural areas has also increased roles and responsibilities for women. The traditional male responsibilities assumed by women included cattle herding and ox-driven ploughing. This study concluded that adaptation strategies towards vulnerability to climate change have to be gender-sensitive and area-specific. This study also recommended that response programmes and policies meant to curb existing gendered vulnerabilities should be informed by evidence because climate-change effects are unique for different geographical areas. Moreover, adaptation activities should be mainstreamed in community processes so as to reduce the burden on women and increase sustainability opportunities.
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Musa Muhammad, Abdullah al-Tayyib, Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik, and Mohd Borhanuddin Zakaria. "al-Tanmiyyah al-zira’iyyah al-mustadamah fi al-Sudan bayna al-tumuh wa al-waqi‘." Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 21, no. 1 (August 4, 2020): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2020.21.1.353.
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This paper dealt with the subject of sustainable agricultural development in Sudan, whereby it mentioned the importance and status of the agricultural sector in Sudan to the citizens and the whole world. Sudan represents the food basket of the Arab, Islamic and African world and is one of the dependable countries in achieving world food security. The paper also addressed the types of agriculture in Sudan and the arrangement of agricultural crops grown in Sudan and its position on the global map of agricultural products. The data of this research has been collected from the sources and references that dealt with these aspects in addition to the reports available at various authorities, especially the Sudanese Governmental bodies represented in the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Sudan, and materials, reports, studies and researches published in the World Wide Web (Internet). This paper concluded that Sudan has many geographical components that can make it a pioneer in the field of sustainable agricultural development, due to its potentialities to produce various agricultural crops that contribute to the achievement of food security for it and for the world as a whole. With these potentialities it can play an effective role in alleviating poverty and achieving sustainable agricultural development conducive to economic and social development based upon agricultural production. The components of sustainable agricultural development in the Sudan are the diversity of the climate, the diversity of agricultural land, the different soil and the availability of water resources from many sources, such as the Nile River, its tributaries, groundwater and rainwater. This is in addition to the availability of suitable areas for agriculture and the existence of agricultural workers with extensive technical expertise and full knowledge of various agricultural works. The paper also concluded that Sudan has a wide variety of agricultural crops, but it faces many problems that negatively impact crop areas and the quantities produced. These include drought, desertification, poor agricultural finance and the lack of modern scientific methods in agriculture and narrow markets. The paper recommended the need for agricultural finance, the opening of new markets abroad, the expansion of modern methods, the development of new varieties of improved seeds and the fight against drought and desertification.
تناولت هذه الورقة موضوع التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في السودان، حيث أوردت أهمية ومكانة القطاع الزراعي في السودان بالنسبة للمواطنين وبالنسبة للعالم أجمع ،فالسودان يمثل سلة غذاء العالم العربي والإسلامي والإفريقي وهو من الدول المعوَل عليها في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي للعالم أجمع ،كما تناولت هذه الورقة أنواع الزراعة في السودان وترتيب المحاصيل الزراعية التي تُزرع في السودان ووضعها في الخارطة العالمية للمنتوجات الزراعية، وقد تم جمع مادة هذه الورقة من المصادر والمراجع التي تناولت هذه الجوانب بالإضافة الى التقارير المتوفرة لدى الجهات المختلفة وخاصه الجهات الحكومية السودانية متمثلة في وزارة الزراعة بجمهورية السودان، والمواد والتقارير والدراسات والبحوث المنشورة في الشبكة العالمية العنكبوتية (الإنترنت) .وخلصت هذه الورقة الى أن السودان يمتلك مقومات جغرافية عديدة يمكن أن تجعله رائداَ في مجال التنمية الزراعية المستدامة ؛ لماله من الإمكانات لإنتاج محاصيل زراعية مختلفة تساهم في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي له وللعالم أجمع وبهذه الإمكانيات يمكن أن يلعب دوراً فاعلاً في تخفيف حدّة الفقر وتحقيق تنمية زراعية مستدامة تؤدى الى تنمية اقتصادية واجتماعية ،أساسها الإنتاج الزراعي. وتتمثل مقومات التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في السودان في تنوع المناخ وتنوع الأرض الزراعية مختلفة التربة وتوفر موارد مائية من مصادر عديدة، كنهر النيل وروافده والمياه الجوفية ومياه الأمطار هذا بجانب توفر المساحات الصالحة للزراعة ووجود عمالة زراعية ذات خبرة فنية واسعة ومعرفة تامة بالأعمال الزراعية المختلفة. وخلصت هذه الورقة أيضاً الى أن للسودان محاصيل زراعية متنوعة وكثيرة ولكنه يواجه الكثير من المشاكل التي تؤثر سلباً على المساحات المزروعة بالمحاصيل والكميات المنتجة منها، ومن هذه المشاكل الجفاف والتصحر وضعف التمويل الزراعي وعدم استخدام الأساليب العلمية الحديثة في الزراعة وضيق الأسواق. وأوصت هذه الورقة بضرورة توفير التمويل الزراعي، وفتح أسواق جديدة بالخارج والتوسع في الأساليب الحديثة واستنباط أصناف جديدة من البذور المحسنة ومكافحة الجفاف والتصحر.
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Aletor, Valentine A. "Leveraging Endogenous Research and Innovation for Sustainable Livestock Production, National Food Security and Poverty Alleviation In Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 232–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.715.
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In this treatise, a quick look is taken at the spectrum (range) of research from pure basic, strategic basic, applied, experimental development or research and development (R&D) to endogenous research and innovation (ER&I). It also defines development, innovation, food security, poverty; and discusses some contemporary theories of innovation within the context of organizational/national development. This was followed by an overview of global and Nigerian livestock, Food Security and Poverty situations; and the characterization of the Nigerian agriculture. It emphasizes the strong link between poverty and low agricultural productivity and chronicles the impact of some generated technologies by the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) on food production. The trends and patterns of Industry-Government-University research relationships in Nigeria are examined and some illustrations given to show in concrete terms, with examples of the “Asian Tigers” and the BRICS nations, how socio-economic development and human development indices (HDI)have become Research and Innovation-driven.Among the identified constraints to the attainment of food and nutrition security and the curtailment of deepening poverty despite Nigeria's huge agricultural resource endowments include: high cost of agricultural inputs; incessant power outages; chronic under-funding of agricultural research by government and the society, including industries; poor market outlets; huge post-harvest losses due, largely, to the decay of research infrastructure needed for value-addition; low value accorded University-Industry R&I partnerships; lack of political will to make existing National Agricultural policies achieve set targets; information dearth and/or low diffusion of the available significant local agricultural R&I outcomes. Others were poor food distribution networks and very limited ACCESS to food and means of food production – land, water, animals, seeds, fertilizers, extension education, technology etcConsequent on the structural issues involved in food security: ie, the scientific challenge of enhanced productivity; the logistical and political questions of distribution; and socio-economic issues of access, robust mitigation paradigms are proposed. First, is to give full and true autonomy to Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria to effectively harness the synergies of the Universities, NARS, Research Institutes and Industries with regard to competencies, endowments (both material & intellectual) to pursue National Food Security programme without undue interference from a supervisory ministry. Also proposed, for poverty mitigation, is a Value Chain model which entails the active promotion of local content policy by government which strategically links ER& I with MSMEs for the manufacture of strategic basic agricultural equipment, foods, animal feeds, drugs/vaccines, goods and supplies with incentives such as tax holiday, low interest rates etc, provided such firms by government; substantial improvement in the power and transportation sectors, among others.