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1
Padfield, Rory. "Water, politics and the persistence of uneven development in the Zambian Copperbelt." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/463.
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Improving African water and sanitation has been a central objective of international development policy for many years. Alongside high profile awareness campaigns and global initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals, there have been fundamental transformations to African water and sanitation governance since the early 1990s. World Bank and International Monetary Fund structural adjustment policies have led to the adoption of neoliberal water reforms across large parts of the developing world, especially in urban regions of Africa. However, it is only in the last few years that the extent of the social, economic and political impacts of these reforms have begun to become apparent. An investigation has been made of the impacts of recent ly-adopted neoliberal reforms on water and sanitation development in an urban region of Zambia called the Copperbelt Province. Postcolonial theory and interdisciplinary approaches have been used to develop an analysis of neoliberal water policy impacts on: (1) provision of water supply and sanitation; (ii) the politics of development; and (iii) the history of uneven development in the Copperbelt. A critical analysis of neoliberal water and sanitation development reveals that, while the reforms have prompted greater conservation of water, there is continued water and sanitation poverty and widening inequality between the minority water-rich and majority water-poor populations. Also, scrutiny of the politics of water and sanitation development in the Copperbelt reveals that power is concentrated in the hands of a number of visible and less visible non-state actors, most notably the World Bank. These non-state actors are shown to have a considerable influence over decisions regarding the future of Copperbelt water governance. Analysis of neoliberal policies in relation to the history of development revealed the persistence of three key elements of uneven development: water and sanitation inequality; political marginalisation of the urban poor; and uneven power relations between Zambian and non-Zambian development actors. The resilience of these three dimensions of uneven development can be traced back to the policies and practices of British colonial water governance. A number of contributions to knowledge in this field of study have been made. This is one of the first analyses of the impacts of neoliberal water and sanitation development in Africa. It is also one of the first attempts to apply postcolonial theory to the study of an important material issue such as water and sanitation. It has given rise to serious questions over the applicability of neoliberal water reforms in urban Africa. It is concluded that policy makers need to consider the embedded, spatially inscribed, material inequalities that characterise many former European colonies in Africa, such as Zambia.
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McGowan, Ross. "The origin of the Nchanga copper-cobalt deposits of the Zambian copperbelt." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/402419/.
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Parsons, Elizabeth C. "Provoking the Rocks: A Study of Reality and Meaning on the Zambian Copperbelt." Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/61.
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Even though the West, or Global North, initiates extensive development policymaking and project activity on the African continent, this study argues that one source of major frustration between different parties entrusted to do the work arises from cognitive differences in their worldviews. These differences affect people's actions and have theological ramifications involving how we all understand meaning and reality. The study employs a case method analyzed through the lens of Alfred Schutz's sociology of knowledge theories and augmented by insights from African scholars to look at basic perceptual differences between Zambians and expatriates working on the Copperbelt Province's mines. After exploring how participants in the study interpreted various experiences, this study concludes that Zambians and expatriates were essentially living in "parallel universes" of meaning regardless of their apparently shared activities and objectives. The study further argues that viewpoints expressed by Zambian participants can be extrapolated into powerful lessons for members of civil society who are concerned about international development and the environment. Such teaching elements could especially help reshape how Americans and other Westerners understand ourselves in relation to physical creation and the cosmos as well as to those from radically different cultures. Lessons learned from the Zambian perspective could also help reinvigorate Western theological thinking, providing much needed critiques of discourses that currently dominate international development policymaking and planning and that determine value principally according to economic strategies and fulfillment of efficient, measurable objectives.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
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Kapumpa, Chama Charles. "The relationship between geology and grade distribution in the Baluba Centre Limb, Zambian copperbelt." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281746.
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Sweeney, M. A. "Diagenetic processes in ore formation with special reference to the Zambian Copperbelt and Permian Marl Slate." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14363/.
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This thesis is concerned with the role of diagenesis in forming ore deposits. Two sedimentary 'ore-types' have been examined; the Proterozoic copper-cobalt orebodies of the Konkola Basin on the Zambian Copperbelt, and the Permian Marl Slate of North East England. Facies analysis of the Konkola Basin shows the Ore-Shale to have formed in a subtidal to intertidal environment. A sequence of diagenetic events is outlined from which it is concluded that the sulphide ores are an integral part of the diagenetic process. Sulphur isotope data establish that the sulphides formed as a consequence of the bacterial reduction of sulphate, while the isotopic and geochemical composition of carbonates is shown to reflect changes in the compositions of diagenetic pore fluids. Geochemical studies indicate that the copper and cobalt bearing mineralising fluids probably had different sources. Veins which crosscut the orebodies contain hydrocarbon inclusions, and are shown to be of late diagenetic lateral secretion origin. RbiSr dating indicates that the Ore-Shale was subject to metamorphism at 529 A- 20 myrs. The sedimentology and petrology of the Marl Slate are described. Textural and geochemical studies suggest that much of the pyrite (framboidal) in the Marl Slate formed in an anoxic water column, while euhedral pyrite and base metal sulphides formed within the sediment during early diagenesis. Sulphur isotope data confirm that conditions were almost "ideal" for sulphide formation during Marl Slate deposition, the limiting factors in ore formation being the restricted supply of chalcophile elements. Carbon and oxygen isotope data, along with petrographic observations, indicate that much of the calcite and dolomite occurring in the Marl Slate is primary, and probably formed in isotopic equilibrium. A depositional model is proposed which explains all of the data presented and links the lithological variations with fluctuations in the anoxicioxic boundary layer of the water column.
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Hobson, Vessela. "First-arrival traveltime tomography of active-source data in the Kansanshi copper mine, northern Zambia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398370.
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Sedimentary rock-hosted deposits are a major source of copper and cobalt, with the Neoproterozoic central African Copperbelt being among the largest Cu-Co provinces in the world, accounting for around 15% of its copper resource. The deposits occur primarily in the carbonates and siliciclastic sediments overlying the basement, and formed during early diagenesis (around 820 Ma) and late diagenesis/metamorphism during the Pan-African Orogeny (580-520 Ma). The northwest province of Zambia hosts three major copper deposits, amongst which is Kansanshi: the focus of this study. The deposit, which lies north of the Solwezi dome, is hosted within the Katangan Supergroup, particularly within the carbonaceous phyllites and porphyroblastic schists of the Mshwaya subgroup and lower Nguba Group and extends along the strike length of the North-West trending Kansanshi antiform. In this study, tomographic inversion is applied to first arrival refraction data collected at the Kansanshi Copper Mine with the aim of locating potential copper-bearing structures. The survey was carried out using both dynamite and VIBSIST sources along 3 profiles; 2 trending North-East across the Kansanshi anticline and 1 trending north-west parallel to it. Seismic refraction tomography is an excellent tool for investigating the shallow subsurface, providing a velocity distribution. Unlike conventional refraction seismics, it allows for the velocity calculation of each cell in a non-homogeneous earth model, rather than just the average velocity of individual layers - allowing us to map structure and infer geological units and weathering profiles. The data highlights abundant faulting and varying depth to fresh bedrock. The various lithologies have also been interpreted.
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Money, Duncan. "'No matter how much or how little they've got, they can't settle down' : a social history of Europeans on the Zambian Copperbelt, 1926-1974." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fb758cc2-189f-479f-be28-3637cec34aea.
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This thesis traces the social history of the European community on the Zambian Copperbelt from the onset of copper mining in 1926 to the mid-1970s when a dramatic slump in the price of copper generated severe economic difficulties. There has been almost no academic work on the Copperbelt's European community and, in this respect, this thesis fills an important gap. However, a focus on the European community has a wider significance than filling this gap. Although the Copperbelt has generally been understood in a national or regional context, this thesis argues that developments there are better understood by exploring how the Copperbelt was linked to other mining regions around the world; in Britain, South Africa, the US and Australia. The European community was largely composed of highly mobile, transient individuals, and the constant movement of people made and sustained transnational connections. Mobility and transience are crucial to two of the main themes of this thesis: class consciousness and the importance of race. Class was a strong marker of identity for Europeans and a variant of 'white labourism' dominated life on the Copperbelt. Industrial unrest was a regular occurrence in the life of the European community as strikes and other disputes underpinned extraordinary levels of affluence. The frequency of industrial unrest diminishes the relevance of South Africa as a viable comparison, as does the relative lack of importance of race. This thesis argues that the predominant attitude of Europeans toward the African majority around them was one of indifference and that the importance of 'African advancement' has been overstated. Archival collections in Zambia and Britain constitute the main sources for this thesis. These sources are supplemented with material from archives in South Africa and Netherlands, contemporary publications including newspapers, and interviews with former European residents of the Copperbelt.
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Sakala, Foster. "A social history of women in the mine compounds of the Zambian copperbelt during the colonial period." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548570.
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Kawalika, Mathias. "Rodents of Ndola (Copperbelt Province, Zambia)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975050680.
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Syampungani, Stephen. "Vegetation change analysis and ecological recovery of the copperbelt Miombo woodland of Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4833.
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Thesis (PhD (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study aimed at developing a new understanding of the Miombo woodland recovery dynamics when exposed to single tree selection, slash & burn agriculture and charcoal production. Five specific studies were conducted to examine different parts of this overall study: Miombo woodland utilization, management and conflict resolution among stakeholders; speciesstem curves as a tool in sampling the development of Miombo woodland species richness in charcoal and slash & burn regrowth stands over time; the impact of human disturbance on the floristic composition of Miombo woodland; regeneration and recruitment potentials of key Miombo woodland species after disturbance; and age and growth rate determination using selected Miombo woodland species. Different methods were developed for each specific study. The study of woodland utilization and management employed semi-structured and key informant interviews. STATISTICA statistical package version 6.0 was used for data collation and analysis. Chi-square tests were used to show levels of significance in differences that existed between different user groups. Species-stem curves were used to determine the sample size to assess Miombo woodland dynamics in regrowth stands after slash & burn and charcoal production, and a fixed-area method was used for the mature woodland stands. The study sites in each of three study areas were selected to represent ages ranging from 2 to 15+ years since each disturbance was terminated. The undisturbed woodland was chosen to act as a control. Various analyses using the STATISTICA statistical package and CANOCO version 4.0 were conducted to understand responses of Miombo woodland to these different disturbances. The research revealed that single tree selection, slash & burn agriculture and charcoal production are the main forms of Copperbelt Miombo woodland utilization which will always be there. Additionally, the the Miombo woodland stands were characterized based on the size class profile they exhibit on exposure to human disturbance factors through forest utilization. The characterization has revealed that the woodland is dominated by light demanding species. As such single tree selection harvesting does not support the regeneration and establishment of the timber species which are canopy species under shade conditions. This implies that selection harvesting of timber species, although it appears to be a non event in terms of disturbance at stand level may be a disaster at population level. The study also revealed that clearing of the woodland for either slash & burn agriculture or charcoal production results in enhanced regeneration and establishment of the dominant Miombo woodland species. The study concludes that charcoal production and slash & burn agriculture are important components to which the woodland ecosystem is adapted. As such these disturbance factors may be considered as incorporated disturbances. It is recommended from the study that woodland utilization and management should integrate charcoal production and slash & burn agriculture into forest management. Cutting cycles should be based on growth rate of the selected species. Timber species harvesting should go side by side with these disturbance factors so as to open up the canopy in order that maximum sunlight can reach the regeneration stock. The study also brings out the other management and utilization opportunities (such as managing for Uapaca kirkiana and Anisophyllea boehmii fruits) that arise from different development stages of the woodland. Lastly, it is recommended to ascertain the optimum gap sizes for both charcoal production or slash & burn agriculture which would still support the Miombo woodland recovery.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is gedoen om ‘n nuwe begrip te ontwikkel vir die hersteldinamika van Miombo boomveld na onderwerping aan enkelboomseleksie, kap & brand lanbou en houtskoolproduksie. Vyf spesifieke studies is gedoen om verskillende komponente van die total studie te ondersoek: benutting, bestuur en konflikresolusie tussen gebruikers van Miombo boomveld; species-stam kurwes as ‘n instrument in die bemonstering van die ontwikkeling van Miombo boomveld species-rykdom oor tyd na afloop van houtskoolproduksie en kap & brand landbou; die impak van menslike versteuring op die floristiese samestelling van Miombo boomveld; verjongingspotensiaal van sleutelsoorte in Miombo boomveld na versteuring; en bepaling van ouderdom en groeitempo in ge-selekteerde Miombo boomveldsoorte. Verskillende metodes is ontwikkel vir elke spesifieke studie. In die studie van boomveldgebruik en –bestuur is semigestruktureerde en sleutel-informant onderhoude gebruik. Die STATISTICA statistiese packet weergawe 6.0 is gebruik vir dataverwerking en -ontleding. Chi-kwadraat toetse is gebruik om vlakke van betekenisvolheid te toon wat bestaan tussen verskillende gebruikersgroepe. Speciesstamkruwes is gebruik om monstergrootte te bepaal vir die evaluering van Miombo boomvelddinamika in hergroeiopstande na kap & brand en houtskoolproduksie, terwyl vastegrootte persele gebruik is vir volwasse boomveldopstande. Die studieplekke in elk van drie studiegebiede is geselekteer om verskillende ouderdomme tussen 2 en 15+ jaar na be-eindiging van die versteuring te verteenwoordig. Onversteurde boomveld is gebruik as kontrole. Verskeie ontledings, met die STATISTICA statistiese pakket en CANOCO weergawe 4.0 is gedoen om die reaksie van Miombo boomveld op die verskillende versteurings te verstaan. Die navorsing het getoon dat enkelboomseleksie, kap & brand landbou en houtskoolproduksie is die hoof vorme van Copperbelt Miombo boomveld benutting wat altyd daar sal wees. Verder is die Miombo boomveldopstande gekarakteriseer gebaseer op die grootteklasprofiel wat hulle vertoon na menslike versteuringsfaktore in die vorm van boomveldbenutting. Die karakterisering het getoon dat die boomveld gedomineer word deur ligeisende soorte. Daarom ondersteun enkelboomseleksie nie die verjonging en vestiging van die dominante houtsoorte wat kroonsoorte is onder skadutoestande. Dit impliseer dat selektiewe inoesting van houtsoorte, alhoewel dit voorkom as ‘n onbelangrike gebeurtenis in terme van versteuring op opstandsvlak, ‘n ramp is op populasievlak. Die studie het ook getoon dat skoonmaak van die boomveld vir of kap & brand landbou of houtskoolproduksie, lei tot verbeterde verjonging en vestiging van die dominante Miombo boomveldsoorte. Die studie lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat houtskoolproduksie en kap & brand landbou belangrike komponente is waarby die boomveldsisteem aangepas is. Daarom kan hierdie versteuringsfaktore beskou word as ingeslote versteurings. Vanuit die studie word daarom aanbeveel dat boomveldbenutting en –bestuur houtskoolproduksie en kap & brand landbou binne die bosbestuur integreerd moet word. Kapsiklusse moet gebaseer word op die groeitempos van geselekteerde soorte. Inoesting van houtsoorte moet saamloop met hierdie versteuringsfaktore sodat die kroondak oopgemaak kan word sodat maksimum sonlig die verjonging bereik. Die studie bring ook na vore die bestuur en benuttingsgeleenthede (soos bestuur vir die vrugte van Uapaca kirkiana en Anisophyllea boehmii) wat voorkom in verskillende ontwikkelingstadiums van die boomveld. Laastens word aanbeveel dat die optimum openinggroottes vir beide kap & brand en houtskoolbereiding wat herstel van Miombo boomveld ondersteun, bepaal.
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Kalaba, Felix Kanungwe. "The role of indigenous fruit trees in the rural livelihoods : a case of the Mwekera area, Copperbelt province, Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1738.
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Thesis (MSc (Forest and Wood Science))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007.The utilization and commercialization of indigenous fruit trees has in the past been overlooked by extension agencies due to the misconception that they do not play a major role in contributing to the rural livelihoods. There is new and increasing emphasis on the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) on improving the livelihoods and sustainable management of forest ecosystems of the Miombo woodlands. This study was conducted around Mwekera area in the Copperbelt province, Zambia to determine the role of indigenous fruit trees in the rural livelihoods. A total of 70 households were interviewed in the survey using semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth open ended interviews and focus group meetings to collect information on the use of indigenous fruits. The study revealed that 99% of the households experience ‘hunger’ during the rainy season from November to April every year. Ninety seven percent (97%) of the households collect indigenous fruit, with the most collected fruits being Uapaca kirkiana (74%), Anisophyllea boehmii (71%) and Parinari curatellifolia (67%). Additionally, there is very little selling of indigenous fruit (31%) but that Uapaca kirkiana and Anisophyllea boehmii account for 95% of the fruits sold. Forty six percent (46%) of the households process fruits of U. kirkiana, A. boehmii and P. curatellifolia into juice and/or porridge. Furthermore IFTs are also used as traditional medicine. Sixty three percent (63%) of the households used IFTs for medicinal purposes with two-thirds of the respondents citing Anisophyllea boehmii as an important medicinal tree species. The study also showed that 85% of the respondents have seen a change in the forest cover resulting into loss of biodiversity with 70% of the respondents indicating that the change is with respect to reduction in forest size and scarcity of some species; and that charcoal production and clearance of land for cultivation are the major causes of the scarcity of indigenous fruit trees. It is concluded that the major contribution of IFTs in the study area is in filling the gap during times of hunger rather as being a source of income through selling. Charcoal production and clearance for agriculture are the main contributing agents for the loss of biodiversity and scarcity of IFTs. It is recommended that domestication of IFTs and sustainable forestry and agricultural management practices be employed to ensure that future generations continue to benefit from the forest resource.
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Kabunda, Ghislain Mwape. "Exploration for sediment-hosted copper mineralization in Kaponda Prospect, Central African Copperbelt, Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013129.
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The Kaponda Prospect represents a surface of 915.8 km² located at about 10 km south of the town of Lubumbashi and 33km NW of Kasumbalesa in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It lies within Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Katangan Supergroup in the Central African Copperbelt (CACB). In this province, copper mineralization occurs at different stratigraphic level with different associated alteration. Mineralization is of multistage origin from synsedimentary, diagenetic to post orogenic. Since the discovery of the CACB in the early 20th century, several exploration techniques have been used to delineate Cu deposits. A review and application of these methods including remote sensing, geological mapping, geochemical and geophysical surveys, and drilling, gives an insight of their effectiveness and limitation before analyzing their results from the Kaponda Prospect. The geology and structure of the Prospect is represented by a series of two NW trending disharmonic tight anticlines, locally domal, with cores occupied by either Roan Group or “Grand Conglomerat” Formation. These anticlines are separated by an open syncline made of Kundelungu rocks. Two mains direction of faults are recognized, the NW and NE trending structures. The latter direction are normal transfer faults which can serve as conduit for mineralization. They are related to the late orogenic extension of the Lufilian belt. However NE trending faults are believed to be associated to the climax of Lufilian folding or represents synsedimentary intergrowth faults. Exploration approach for sediment-hosted Cu within Kaponda Prospect, take into account the integration of all information derived from different techniques. Remote sensing is used as aid to geology. Landsat and Google earth images show lineaments that corresponds to lithostratigraphy boundary and domal anticline. Geological mapping identified reduced horizons which can potentially host mineralization, whereas analysis of structure measurements reveals the geometry of fold and direction of its axial plane and hinge. Statistical methods such as the main + 2 standard deviation, the frequency histogram and probability plot, together with experiential method are used to constrain and define Cu and Co thresholds values in soil samples. It appears that in this region, log-probability plot and histogram methods combined with spatial representation and the experience of the region, are the best practice to constrain and separate geochemical background from anomaly data. Ground and airborne magnetic, and radiometric images show specific signatures which map alteration and particularly lithostratigraphy such as “Roan” Group, “Grand Conglomerat” unit, “Nguba” cap carbonates and “Kundelungu” siliciclastic units. Analysis of faults interpreted from geophysical maps identified three major directions: E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE. The E-W faults are also interpreted as normal transfer faults such NE-SW structures, consistent with regional geological map. Although pole-dipole array of induced polarization (IP) survey was directly targeting disseminated Cu sulphide, its results suffer in responding to graphitic rocks and barren pyrite. Only relative small chargeable bodies need to be tested in drilling follow-up. A total of 15 targets have been generated through re-interpretation and integration of both geological mapping and remote sensing, geochemical and geophysical data, as well as existing drilling. Specific recommendations of follow-up works are advised for each type of target.
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Akombelwa, Mulemwa. "Modelling land-use decision-making in encroached forests, Copperbelt Province, Zambia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12131/.
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Natural resource management is an important issue around the world in the light of increased global population size and the subsequent demands arising from an increased need for food, clean water and other ecosystem services. This has often resulted in the encroachment of protected areas and the adoption and maintenance of unsustainable land use practices. This study is concerned with the development of tools that will help us understand the characteristics of land use decision-making by people who illegally settle in protected areas. The study has the main aim of developing a model of local stakeholder land-use decision-making for the encroached forest areas in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. This will allow the modelling of the stakeholder land-use practices. This will help predict their effects on the environment of the Province. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) was used to develop a conceptual model of land use decision making in the study area and the outputs from SSM were used to develop a Belief Network (BN) model of land use decision making in the study area. Decision trees were also used to model the land use decision-making characteristics of the local stakeholders in the area. The findings suggest that SSM is a useful tool for the modelling of the complex problem situation in the study area and the subsequent development of solutions to the problems identified through participatory approaches. The research also showed that BNs and decision trees were able to model land use decision-making by using the agricultural activity as a basis for analysis. The findings suggest that BNs and decision trees are complementary and have the potential for addressing applications in land-use decision-making in informal settlements where available information is more likely to be scant and disparate.
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Heyden, Constantin J. von der. "Processes controlling mine effluent remediation within a natural wetland, Copperbelt Province, Zambia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411125.
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Sinkamba, Peter. "Technical and financial proposal for sustainability of the Copperbelt Environment Project in Zambia." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. https://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1208.
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Mwamba, Bright. "Water resources management in Zambia: a case of cumulative impacts associated with copper mining in the Upper Kafue Catchment, Copperbelt Province, Zambia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33894.
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Water resources management is high on the agenda both locally and globally because of its important role in social, economic and environmental development. For example, as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, all United Nations Member States adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 that covered thematic issues including water, energy, climate, oceans, urbanization, transport, science and technology. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) no.6, which targets universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030, is of particular interest in this study. The mining industry contributes to socio-economic development; however, it has also contributed to declining water quality in rivers and lakes in many regions globally. In this study, the status and governance of water resources within the Copperbelt province of Zambia over the period 2000 to 2020 was examined. The study investigated population and economic growth within the region and its correlation with changes in water quality and quantity. The research also focused on understanding the ways copper mining is affecting local water resources. The study also investigated challenges faced by regulators and institutions in the water sector, and considered how these challenges could be addressed. Secondary data was obtained from government institutions within Zambia such as National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO), Water Resources Management Authority (WARMA) and Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), which are the key institutions in the water sector and the environment. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the three key institutions in the water and pollution control sectors. The results showed that the total population in the Copperbelt province has increased by 20% since 2000 to a total of 1 972 317 in 2010. The population is projected to be 2 669 635 in 2020, representing about 27% increase from 2010. The rural population is projected to be 423 511 in 2020, representing about 11% increase from 2010 while the urban population will be 2 246 124 in 2020 representing about 29% increase from 2010. The majority of this growth has occurred in urban areas, which grew by about 30% from 2000 to a total of 1 595 456 in 2010. Rural population has increased by 8% since 2000 to a total of 376 861. The results also showed increased economic activities driven mainly by copper mining. Water abstraction has generally declined since 2000 mainly due to decrease in mining activities. In 2000, about 1 million m3 /day was abstracted in the Copperbelt province and about 600 000 m3 per day in 2005. The reduction in 2005 could be attributed to reduction in mining activities and institutional changes in the water sector. Water production and consumption from commercial utilities has generally been in decline from 2000 to 2017. This is also the case with water consumption per capita and water production per capita. For example, water consumption per capita per day in 2001 was 203 liters and reduced to 113 liters in 2017, representing a 44% reduction in consumption. The results showed that water consumption from 2004 to 2008 averaged 100 million m3 while the production averaged 160 million m3 per year. NWASCO attributed the general downward trend in water production and consumption in the province to maintenance and rehabilitation of water infrastructure, and investment in new infrastructure, thereby reducing the unaccounted-for water. The other reason could be that new housing developments prefer to use groundwater sources rather than utility water (supplied by water companies). The reduction could also be attributed to the cost of water and that consumers needed to adjust from the background where utility services such as water supply and sanitation were the sole responsibilities of the mines (ZCCM), prior to privatization. In terms of water supply and sanitation coverage, there has been an increased coverage since 2000. In 2001, the population that had access to water supply and sanitation was 81% and 46%, respectively. Therefore, roughly 50% of the population had no access to sanitation. However, in 2017 the population with access to water supply and sanitation was 91% and 75%, respectively. This represented only 25% of the population in serviced areas that had no access to sanitation. Between 2007 and 2008, the sanitation coverage had seen a reduction compared to the year 2006. This was due to institutional changes on the Copperbelt province, and the 2008 economic recession – the mine townships that were previously serviced by an asset holding after privatization of the mines were taken over by other utility companies. Consequently, the service delivery in the province initially dropped, but then started increasing again in 2009.
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Nyerges, Jana Ramona Alley. "HIV/AIDS prevention in Zambia a preliminary study of obstacles to behavior change in the copperbelt." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FNyerges.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Letitia L. Lawson, Jessica R. Piombo. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.61-67). Also available in print.
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Mwamba, John. "Exploration potential for copperbelt - style mineralisation in NW Province, Zambia; soil geochemistry as a targeting tool." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62538.
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The NW Province of Zambia is fast becoming a major significant mining district challenging to usurp the economic importance of the traditional Copperbelt Province that has been mined for nearly a century. With latest developments at Kansanshi, Lumwana and Kalumbila mines exploration efforts in the search for Copperbelt style mineralisation have doubled up in the province in recent months. Traditional methods of stream sediment and soil sampling, geophysics, aerial photo and Landsat imagery interpretations have been employed in exploration targeting campaigns. This thesis asks the question: Can we use the Copperbelt geochemical footprint as a proxy to finding new copper deposits in NW Province? The challenge faced in such studies is that few geochemical datasets for old mines exist and the little that does is proprietary information. In some mines this dataset is entirely nonexistent - at least not in the public domain. Attempting to run orientation geochemical trials on such mines is not feasible at present due to maturity of mining and the levels of contamination of the natural environment that have occurred over several decades of mining. However, in tackling this question few Copperbelt geochemical datasets from Baluba, Nkana, Mimbula, Nchanga, Bwana Mkubwa, Mufulira West and Lufubu North were used. The findings presented in this report are that for Copperbelt style mineralisation Cu/Co, Cu/Ni, Cu/Ag ratios in soil geochemistry data should be in the ranges of 0.25 to 0.48 provided geochemical studies occurred in residual soils. These ratios hold true for sediment hosted copper-cobalt mineralisation hosted at various stratigraphic levels within the Roan Group or in upper levels elsewhere on the Central African Copperbelt. Geochemical dataset for the study areas presented in this report show that the soil geochemistry footprint in the province is not dissimilar to the soil geochemistry footprint of the traditional Copperbelt Province. This means there is great potential for finding Copperbelt style mineralisation in the province and other styles of mineralisation in which copper is associated with cobalt, lead, zinc, nickel, vanadium and molybdenum. The areas of study also possess requisite geological factors that are conducive to hosting Copperbelt style deposits. These factors include: favourable structural traps with similar trends to existing mines in the province, geophysical characteristics comparable to other deposits in the province, right geological package known to host multi-type deposits in the Katangan stratigraphic sequence, and similar geochemical footprints observed on other deposits within the Lufilian fold belt. For this reason, geochemical dataset must not be looked at in isolation but should be treated in considerations with other factors and geological environment.
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Chibuye, Lackson. "An eco-theological assessment for the sustainability of creation : the case of the Copperbelt Province in Zambia." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53070.
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The dominium command in Genesis 1:28 (Gn 2:15) is the point of departure for an eco-theological assessment for the sustainability of creation, in the case of Kitwe of the Copperbelt Province in Zambia. ILamba is a territory of an indigenous community, whose wild life was endowed with various forests, marine and animal species.
The scenario has changed following the discovery of minerals, particularly copper, after which the region was named the Copperbelt. The copper mining industry, as an extractive undertaking has its impact on biodiversity and nature. The reconstruction of the indigenous community?s forest, wild life, their concept of God, their lifestyle before the industrialisation of the territory, their cultural cosmology, a consideration of the global ecological crisis debate, and a theological framework are used to assess the impact of the industry from an eco-theological perspective. Pope Francis in his most recent encyclical letter argues that ?neglecting to monitor the harm done to nature and the environmental impact of our decisions is only the most striking sign of a disregard for the message contained in the structures of nature itself?? (Francis 2015: 68). The assessment therefore aims at rediscovering the human responsibility pertaining to creation. Moltmann argues that Interpreting the world as God?s creation means precisely not viewing it as the world of human beings, and taking possession of it accordingly. If the world is God?s creation, then it remains his property and cannot be claimed by men and women. It can only be accepted as a loan and administered as a trust. (Moltmann 1993:30) The copper mining industry?s activities in the Copperbelt therefore have to be assessed in the light of scripture
Through eco-hermeneutics, relevant texts of scripture have been explored to understand the desire of the creator for the created, including human beings. This is done in view of Pope Francis? statement who further argues that ? sister earth, along with all the abandoned of our world cry out, pleading that we take another course. Never have we so hurt and mistreated our common home as we have in the last two hundred years. Yet we are called to be instruments of God our father, so that our planet might be what he desired when He created it and correspond with his plan for peace, beauty and fullness. (Francis 2015:33)
The situation in relation to Pope Francis? concern as indicated above is explored with regard to the Copperbelt. A theological framework serves as praxis for a desired ecological outlook, taking into consideration the role of scripture, the Church, Government, investors and individual citizens in mitigating and resolving the ecological crisis locally and globally. The crisis, we maintain is mostly due to human activities such as the effects of copper mining, carbon emission and the use of chemicals. Obedience to scripture is the basis for the change of the human mind-set, particularly in Zambia?s Copperbelt.
Among the findings of the dissertation are: Disobedience to God?s law, misinterpretation of scripture, depletion of species, loss of cultural heritage, disregard of policies, particularly by investors and of course materialism or greed in its barest form.
Further research is recommended on issues of ecological, social and economic effects, the extent of damage to ecosystems in the Copperbelt, and how best to reconstruct them. Sustainability for continued desired status for the sake of the species, nature and future generation is the quest of the study.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Dogmatics and Christian Ethics
PhD
Unrestricted
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Kalaba, Felix Kanungwe. "Forest ecosystem services, rural livelihoods and carbon storage in Miombo woodland in the Copperbelt region of Zambia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5873/.
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This study examines the linkage between rural livelihoods and forest ecosystem services under different land uses in Miombo forest socio-ecological systems of Zambia to understand the potential for carbon-based payment for ecosystem service schemes. The research develops and adopts an integrated research methodology in a new framework for ecosystem assessment (FESA) that combines livelihood surveys, ecological surveys and policy analysis to provide an interdisciplinary, multi-level case study analysis. Findings show that forest provisioning ecosystem services (FPES) are vitally important to rural livelihoods as a source of food, medicine, construction material and fodder, and make the highest contribution to household income among diverse livelihood strategies. FPES provided 43.9% of the average household’s income and contributed a 10% income equalisation effect among study households, as revealed by the Gini-coefficient analysis. Poorer households received a lower mean annual income from forests than did their intermediate and wealthy counterparts, but in relative terms, forest income made the greatest contribution to their total household incomes. The study indicates that wealth, rather than gender, was the key determinant of a household’s engagement in the sale of FPES. Results also show that households face multiple shocks and that FPES are the most widely used coping strategy used by households facing idiosyncratic shocks such as illness, death of family members and loss of household assets which changes household consumption patterns. In terms of carbon storage, the study shows that Miombo woodlands are an important carbon store and that carbon storage can recover quickly through regeneration of cleared forests. After forest clearance for charcoal production and slash and burn agriculture, aboveground carbon stocks accumulate rapidly showing no significant differences in carbon stocks between undisturbed woodlands and ≥ 20 year old fallows. Findings however indicate low species similarities suggesting that though Miombo systems recover relatively fast in terms of carbon storage, species composition and biodiversity takes longer to recuperate. Findings of this research show a lack of multi-stakeholder involvement in forest governance, which is hindered by the absence of legislation to ensure stakeholder participation and cost and benefit sharing mechanisms. Policy analysis show inconsistencies between Zambia’s national agricultural, forestry, energy and climate change policies and national statements to multilateral environmental agreements in efforts to address forest loss. Additionally, although national statements to Rio Conventions share common ground on measures to address deforestation, they are poorly mainstreamed into national policies and broader development policies at national level. The agricultural policy’s focus on expanding agricultural land by providing fiscal incentives and subsidised credit provides incentives for deforestation, indicating negative horizontal interaction with the forest policy, while the mutually supportive link through conservation farming is poorly developed. A more holistic landscape management approach would be useful to bridge sectoral divides. A research contribution to the evidence and knowledge base for forests and rural livelihoods is made by this thesis, and empirical findings are detailed on how socio-economic differentiation affects contribution of Miombo FPES to total livelihood portfolios and household incomes. This analysis feeds into broader debates on forest conservation and development by linking FPES and livelihood strategies, which is important in designing long-term forest management strategies and providing national/international policy guidance for similar socio-economic contexts. This study further provides new understanding of the opportunity that carbon storage can bring to increasing financial gains from ecosystem services in local communities who practice slash and burn cultivation and charcoal production, once the carbon stores/changes in the recovery trajectory are established and monitoring schemes initiated. This study makes an applied contribution to forest-based climate change mitigation initiatives such as REDD+ debates by providing a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges of its implementation in view of Miombo woodland use for livelihoods, improved ecological understanding and current policy discourses that converge in the forest sector.
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Sichilima, Alfred Matafwali. "The burrow structure, colony composition and reproductive biology of the giant mole-rat (Fukomys mechowii) Peters 1881 from the Copperbelt of Zambia." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06092009-194853/.
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Mususa, Patience Ntelamo. "There used to be order : Life on the Copperbelt after the privatisation of the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9291.
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Includes bibliographical references.The thesis examines what happened to the texture of place and the experience of life on a Zambian Copperbelt town when the state-owned mine, the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) was privatized beginning 1997 following the implementation of structural adjustment policies that introduced free market policies and drastically reduced social welfare. The Copperbelt has long been a locus for innovative research on urbanisation in Africa. My study, unusual in the ethnographic corpus in its examination of middle-income decline, directs us to thinking of the Copperbelt not only as an extractive locale for copper whose activities are affected by the market, but also as a place where the residents’ engagement with the reality of losing jobs and struggling to earn a living after the withdrawal of mine welfare is re-texturing simultaneously both the material and social character of the place. It builds on an established anthropological engagement with the region that began with the Manchester school. This had done much to develop a theoretical approach to social change. The dissertation contributes to this literature by reflecting on how landscape and the art of living are interwoven and co-produce possibilities that, owing to both historical contingencies (for example, market fluctuations) and social formation (the kinds of networks and relationships to which one has access, positions in a nascent class structure and access to material means) make certain forms of inhabiting the world (im) possible, (un) successful for oneself and others. Ethnographic fieldwork using qualitative research methods was conducted over a two-year period between 2007 and 2009 with a core of close informant relationships from which a wider network was established. This was complemented by two quantitative neighbourhood surveys to measure the scale of observable phenomena. The author makes a case for an anthropology of "trying", an expression often made in response by Copperbelt residents to how they are getting on. It is one that indicates an improvised life and offers an analytical approach to exploring the back-story to the residents’ observation that in the (ZCCM) past there used to be order.
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Kabinga, Moonde. "A comparative study of the Morphosyntaz and Phonetics of Town Bemba and Standard Bemba of the Copperbelt Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3612.
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For many years now, the status of Town Bemba (TB) has been fuzzy in its descriptions, as no specific framework has been used in characterising the language variety. TB has been regarded as an urban variety spoken in the townships of the Copperbelt province, Zambia. It had also been perceived as a 'secret language' or 'mixed jargon' used by male migrant workers on the mine, but today, it is used by males and females across the board, and also tends to be used as first language (L1) for offspring raised there. This research attempts to investigate the status of TB. It will also make observations of any significant differences between TB and Standard Bemba (SB) through linguistic markers and style of speech by the informants. The comparative analysis will help in assessing the extent to which TB has deviated from SB. The data for morphosyntax, socio-phonetic and lexical analyses was collected through one-on-one interviews and two TB music lyrics. Twenty speakers of TB and SB were interviewed in this research. For data analysis three theoretical frameworks were used namely; Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF) for the morphosyntax data; socio-phonetics using Praat and Normalisation of vowels for phonetic data; and a linguistic characterisation of language varieties were used to characterise TB and establish its status. The results show that TB is quite similar to the base language SB and exemplifies general characteristics that are more similar to Tsotsitaal. The difference is that the former (TB) uses one base language (SB) with heavy borrowing and assimilations from English mainly and a bit from local languages like Nyanja, and Afrikaans; the variety is used by people of different ethnic backgrounds, its commonly used in everyday life among educated and non-educated male and female speakers. TB also has been able to preserve many forms associated with more traditional Bemba and at the same time shows changes in some of its lexical and grammatical forms, mainly simplification. Tsotsitaal in comparison is associated with many base languages but behaves similarly to TB in other ways. In this regard, I suggest that TB be referred to as another type of an urban variety that is moving towards being a new language because it is more than a 'style' (Hurst 2008) like Tsotsitaal.
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Blaszkiewicz, Hélène. "Économie politique des circulations de marchandises transfrontalières en Afrique australe. Les régimes de circulations dans les Copperbelts." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3052.
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Cette thèse analyse les circulations commerciales transfrontalières grâce au concept de régimes de circulations. Les régimes sont des articulations durables d’idéologies, de politiques, d’acteurs, d’infrastructures matérielles et immatérielles permettant ou empêchant les circulations des marchandises. Basé sur une méthode ethnographique menée en Zambie et République démocratique du Congo, ce travail a permis de caractériser trois régimes de circulations : - le régime de direction assistée, fondé sur un ensemble de technologies et de valeurs partagées qui permettent aux marchandises d’être déplacées rapidement ; la vitesse représentant la valeur positive principale. Ce régime se base sur des infrastructures extraverties dont le schéma principal date de la colonisation européenne en Afrique australe.- le régime de roue de secours se déploie en contexte d’urgence fiscale, devenu permanent avec l’application des politiques néolibérales. Ce régime est basé sur des infrastructures au rôle ambigu, à travers lesquelles le gouvernement tente de trouver un équilibre entre la promotion du libre-échange, et le développement de politiques néo-mercantilistes. - le régime hors-piste se distingue, par sa modularité : ses caractéristiques rendent ardues sa détection et sa comptabilisation pour les infrastructures classiques de contrôle. Les circulations bénéficient d’une plus grande flexibilité dans leur utilisation des routes, et peuvent contribuer à la réorganisation de l’espace du commerce par l’utilisation pionnières de nouveaux itinéraires. La catégorisation par régime permet d’analyser plus spécifiquement l’utilisation différenciée du réseau d’infrastructures créé pendant la colonisation, ainsi que le rôle des acteurs publics et privés dans la bureaucratisation du commerceThis dissertation analyzes cross-border commercial circulations through the concept of circulations regimes. Regimes are defined as lasting articulations of ideologies, policies, actors, hard and soft infrastructures, material and immaterial that enable or prevent the circulations of things. Thanks to an ethnographic study conducted in Central African Copperbelts (in Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo), this research identified three circulations regimes: - the power-steering regime is founded on a set of technologies that enable goods to move quickly, as speed represents the major positive value actors use to legitimate their actions. This regime is based on extraverted infrastructures whose organization was created during European colonization of Southern Africa. - the spare wheel regime is deployed in case of emergency which is virtually all the time given the permanent fiscal emergency in which the Zambian State is. This regime is based on ambivalent infrastructures through which the government has to find a balance between promoting free trade, as it is expected to do on the global stage and developing neo-mercantilist policies.- the off-trail regime is marked by its modularity: its characteristics make it difficult for the traditional infrastructures to detect and count these circulations. The latter then have the possibility to move more flexibly along non-traditional paths and can contribute to change the general patterns of trade in the long-term. The categorization by circulations regimes allows to analyze more specifically the differentiated use of the same infrastructure network and the role of public and private actors in the bureaucratization of trade
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Mudenda, Lee. "Assessment of water pollution arising from copper mining in Zambia: a case study of Munkulungwe stream in Ndola, Copperbelt province." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27984.
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Water pollution is recognized as one of the major environmental problems in the mining industry. This has been compounded with an increase in agriculture activities. Water pollution is a major problem on copper and coal mines throughout the world and Zambia, the focus of this study, is no exception. Worldwide freshwater resources, which provide important ecosystem services to humans, are under threat from rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization and abandonment of wastelands. There is an urgent need to monitor and assess these resources. In this context, the physical, chemical and ecological water quality of the Munkulungwe Stream located on the Copperbelt of Zambia, was assessed with possible contamination from Bwana Mkubwa TSF, agriculture activities and subsequent impact on the surrounding community. The chemical and physical parameters were assessed at four sampling locations. Sampling site S1 was located on the Munkulungwe stream upstream of Bwana Mkubwa TSF, S2, S3 and S4 were on the main stream downstream of Bwana Mkubwa TSF. In addition, a macroinvertebrate composition analysis was performed to estimate the quality of water using the biotic index score. Finally, the relationship between physiochemical parameters and biotic index score was analysed to interrogate their inter-relationship with respect to water quality. The results showed that the average values of dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4.52 mg/l, turbidity (40.96 NTU), Co (0.24 mg/l), Pb (0.25 mg/l), Fe (0.36 mg/l) and Mn (0.22 mg/l) downstream exceeded international standards for drinking water. Upstream, the values of Co, Pb, Fe and Mn were within acceptable standards for drinking water, DO and turbidity were above acceptable standards. The metal concentration and total dissolved solutes were impacted by closeness to the mine tailings deposit with the heavy metal concentration being highest at S2 and S3. Moreover, high turbidity levels revealed that land erosion induced by agriculture activities is a severe problem in the area. Physical parameters were high in the rainy season due erosion escalated by rains while chemical parameters were high post rainy season. During the rainy season, the chemical contaminants are diluted and thus they are not such a big impact, but they tend to concentrate up during the dry MDNLEE001 III season. The stream at sampling points S2 and S3 was dominated by species tolerant (leech, Isopod and Snail: Pouch) and semi tolerant (Blackfly larvae and Amphipod or Scud) to pollution. The change in season influenced the composition of macroinvertebrates, with the number of species increased post rainy season. The average biotic index score (2.5) showed that the stream condition is not good, it is slightly polluted. The results showed that water quality downstream was substantially affected by Bwana Mkubwa TSF, agriculture activities and is likely to affect human health and food security. It is recommended that groundwater surrounding tailings dams should be monitored in both active and abandoned mines. Curtain boreholes around a tailings dam can be drilled and the water extracted and treated so that it doesn't contaminate other water bodies. To improve the environmental management of mining related impacts in Zambia, mining areas should be completely rehabilitated. There is need for remediation strategies for abandoned mine sites. Constructed wetlands, roughing filtration and phytoremediation are highly promising techniques, as they are reliable, cheap, effective and sustainable.
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Kalaba, Felix Kanungwe. "The role of indigenous fruit trees in rural livehoods : a case of the Mwekera area, Copperbeld province, Zambia /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/649.
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Kazimbaya-Senkwe, Mwila Barbara. "The social construction of access to water in Zambia's Copperbelt, 1900-2000 : beyond the managerial explanation for inadequate access." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413138.
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Denoun, Manon. "Décorations, peintures et images de soi ; Les processus de représentation à l'ère du Village-Global. Études de cas dans trois villages de la Copperbelt africaine." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0158/document.
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L'histoire houleuse de la province du Katanga, et plus largement de la République démocratique du Congo a fortement remanié l'organisation du tissu social traditionnel et la répartition de la population. Dans les villages à proximité des routes, de nombreuses populations cohabitent - Tshokwés, Kasaïen, Amba, Bemba, Lamba, etc. - et essayent de projeter et construire un avenir malgré la rareté des ressources. Dans l'espace rural du Katanga et du nord de la province de la Copperbelt (Zambie), les différentiels économiques, réels et fantasmés, sont omniprésents. La circulation d'expatriés – personnel d'ONG, salariés des sociétés minières, missionnaires, etc. - et la présence de « creuseurs » ou encore le va-et-vient de camions transportant le minerai exacerbent la conscience de pauvreté des habitants. Les moyens de communication modernes, le modèle de consommation occidental ont été assimilés avec une brutale rapidité transformant radicalement les modes et manières de se représenter, et en répercussion la conscience de soi des individus (De Lame et Dibwe, 2005 : 36). La jeune génération, et notamment dans les villages où la marge de manœuvre créatrice est plus grande, réinvente ces codes au travers des décorations en argile, en usant d'un legs dont elle n'a pas nécessairement conscience. La « guerre sociale des signes » (Ouedraogo, 2008 : 8) qui accompagne la globalisation nécessite de mieux comprendre les processus de représentation et c'est ce que vise cette recherche ; il s'agit donc dans cet ouvrage de mieux percevoir la façon dont se disent les individus que sont les habitants de trois villages de la Copperbelt africaine, voire la façon dont ils s'affichent par le biais des décorations. “Décorations, peintures et images de soi ; les processus de représentation à l'ère du Village-Global : Études de cas dans trois villages de la Copperbelt africaine” analyse ainsi les représentations produites par les habitants des villages de Makwacha (République démocratique du Congo), de Kakyelo (DRC) et de Mudenda (Zambie) au travers des décorations réalisées sur les murs des casesMy research analyzes the mural paintings realized in the villages of Makwacha (Democratic Republic of Congo), Kakyelo (DRC) and Mudenda (Zambia). These mural paintings, while displaying apparently heterogeneous aesthetics, show similar production process (a mostly female collective dynamic, a similar use of clay and organic mixture as painting materials) that suggest their link to the former Lamba tradition called kushingula. Over the last 50 years, great economic and political changes have occured in Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo. How do these mural paintings practices relate to each other ? What social status do have these paintings nowadays? Who does realize them and for which reasons? What kind of narratives do they elaborate? In order to understand what mirror these practices, I investigate on the inhabitants' motivations and sources of inspiration and the singular histories of each village, connecting individuals' initiatives and influences with village economic issues and structural organization. Indeed, along with the inhabitants, these mural painting practices involve a wide range of actors (NGO, tourists, journalists, artists, etc.) intertwinning different scales, divergent interests and heclectic imaginaries which question how cultural values and signs constantly (re)emerged from heterogenous agencies and how it circulates through individuals and groups
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Shitima, Mwepya Ephraim. "Forest Conservation and People’s Livelihoods: Explaining Encroachment on Zambia’s Protected Forest Landscapes - The Case Of Mwekera National Forest, Kitwe, Copperbelt." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-571.
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Forest Conservation and People’s Livelihoods: Explaining Encroachment on Zambia’s Protected Forest Landscapes - The Case Of Mwekera National Forest, Kitwe, Copperbelt
Abstract
The conflicts between conservation objectives and the livelihood needs of local communities are intricate and difficult to resolve and yet the success of any conservation effort hinges on their solution. This is particularly true in forest conservation in Third World countries like Zambia, where rural populations depend directly on forest resources, which are in many cases protected.
Forest reserves in Zambia have undergone drastic changes over the years due to encroachment by such human activities as agriculture, charcoal burning and even settlements. This has led to the deforestation of most of them including Mwekera National Forest in Kitwe on the Copperbelt province. The Forest Department has attempted to involve the people in the management of these resources in a bid to redress the trend. But the fundamental causes for the encroachment and deforestation are not clear. This study was focused on unearthing the underlying causes of encroachment and the subsequent deforestation of Mwekera National Forest. This was done through a qualitative ethnographic approach employing individual interviews, focused group discussions, observations and pictures of relevant phenomena. The target groups included the forest communities living in and around Mwekera National Forest as well as government forestry officials at both local and national levels. The study was based on nature-culture theory, knowledge systems theory as well as the participatory approach.
The study reveals that macro-economic policies such as privatisation of the mines has undermined people’s livelihoods while the inefficient and bureaucratic land delivery system made “vacant” protected forest land an attractive option. The policy contradictions between the forest sector and other sectors such as energy, agriculture and land have not helped matters. Organisational constraints on the Forest Department such as its inadequate human, financial and other resources coupled with the delay in its transformation to a more autonomous Forest Commission have not secured protected forests. Its old centralist management approach has made participation by local people difficult to effect despite being provided for under new forestry policy and law. This has meant that decisions made by officials lack meaningful involvement and support of the local people, thereby seriously hindering effective forest protection. Herein lies one major cause of encroachment.
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Kalumba, Evaristo. "Improving the quality and relevance of environmental learning through the use of a wider range of preferred teaching methods: a case of primary schools in Mufulira District in the Copperbelt Province in Zambia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003453.
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The study was conducted to investigate whether the use of a wider range of teaching methods can improve the quality of environmental learning in five Zambian primary schools. Nine teachers from five schools were involved in the preliminary stage of answering of questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions about the use of dominant teaching methods and new teaching methods; while only four were involved in the observations of four lessons. The study is a contribution to the on‐going debate on the investigation of whether teaching methods used by teachers can be one of the factors that can influence the quality of education. Definitions of quality and educational quality in particular, are not easy to establish and no agreed upon framework for educational quality exists at present. This study reviews the debates on educational quality, and identifies three major paradigms or discourses on educational quality; and considers the human rights, social justice and capabilities approaches and educational quality frameworks as being relevant to environmental learning and education for sustainable development in the Southern African Development Community context. This, together with a review of research on teaching methods in environmental education, provides the theoretical framework for this study. Using action research and an interpretative methodological framework, a series of research activities were undertaken to generate research data because the study was investigating the teachers’ practice with a view to probe change and to analyse the findings. Nine teachers participated in the preliminary stage of answering questionnaires and focus group interviews reflecting on existing teaching methods. In stage two of this study, teachers went through a planning workshop during which they planned lessons using new preferred teaching methods. The third stage was lesson observations of planned lessons. The final stage was the reflection workshop during which the teachers shared their experiences with the use of new teaching methods. The teaching practices of teachers using the new teaching methods were the subject of further analysis. In order to find out how the use of a wide range of teaching methods can improve quality of environmental learning in primary schools nine teachers were observed teaching lessons with new teaching methods. The Nikel and Lowe (2010) fabric of dimensions of educational quality was adapted and used to find out if teachers included dimensions of quality in the teaching process. Additional socio‐cultural and structural quality dimensions, identified through a review of southern African research, were used to find out if teachers included contextualized regional dimensions of educational quality. This was done to investigate whether the process of teaching and learning was relevant to the learners. Teachers involved in the research reflected that when they used a wider range of teaching methods the result was that the learning opportunities for learners were enhanced and that the methods added value to their teaching, improving the quality of their teaching. The use of a wider range of teaching methods showed the presence of several indicators of dimensions of educational quality, as reflected in the quality analysis tool. Teachers indicated that the use of a wider range of teaching methods led them to include the socio‐cultural dimensions such as the use of local languages and structural dimensions such as informal seating arrangements or group work that they would otherwise neglect if they used the traditional narrow range of teaching methods. A wider range of teaching methods provided learners with an enjoyable learning atmosphere during the lesson. The research also identified that this study can be taken further through broader observations, and that the educational quality dimensions tool is useful for different levels of the education system, and that it has potentially productive uses in teacher education, particularly for observations during teaching practice.
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Kumwenda, Andrew. "Evaluation of the quality of counselling for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV offered to pregnant women in the copperbelt province of Zambia." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5095.
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Magister Public Health - MPHBackground: One study on estimating rates of mother to child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in program settings in Zambia showed significant reduction in the MTCT rate with some specific prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) interventions. Prolonged breastfeeding and mixed feeding practices by HIV positive mothers increased the MTCT rate by more than double by the time the infant reached 6 to12 months of age. Although the study did not assess the quality of PMTCT counselling in antenatal care settings, literature shows that poor quality of counselling on PMTCT reduces the effectiveness of PMTCT interventions. Study aim: To evaluate the quality of PMTCT counselling offered to pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services in four public health facilities in Kitwe, Copperbelt province of Zambia. Study design and data collection: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Data was generated using qualitative research methods including document analysis and individual interviews with 22 participants using non-participant observations, client exit interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data. The study participants were ANC attendees and PMTCT providers. Two FGDs were conducted with a total of 98 counselling observations done and 16 ANC client exit interviews. Client exit interviews were done immediately after the mothers had undergone PMTCT counselling. Results: Content for group health education (GHE) varied across the facilities. Individual pre-test, post-test and follow up counselling sessions were very short and lacked depth. A total of 41 (83.7%) pre-test observations took between 1 and 5 minutes to be conducted. In addition, several key topics including major modes of HIV transmission, MTCT and the "window period" were omitted. The counsellors' interpersonal skills were generally good but they did not consistently summarize the main issues. The 16 mothers interviewed had limited knowledge of PMTCT with only one client knowing all the MTCT modes correctly. Discussion: Quality of PMTCT counselling did not meet expectations. With a lot of key topics omitted, outcomes of PMTCT interventions may not be as good as expected. Facilities are faced with serious staff shortages and limitations with space. The few members of staff available are overworked and are not able to provide quality PMTCT counselling. Conclusion: While the PMTCT uptake was good and clients felt satisfied, the quality of PMTCT counselling is compromised. There is need to improve it and ensure optimal effectiveness of PMTCT services.
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Jongh, Lennert. "The Right to the City from a Local to a Global Perspective : The Case of Street Vendor and Marketer Organizations in Urban Areas in the Copperbelt, Zambia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92850.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the workings of multi-scalar networks that connect informal economy organizations that are active locally, nationally and internationally. The study adopts a „right to the city‟ framework wherein the relation between the local and the global is discussed. The main questions that were addressed in the research were (I) how do local, national and global networks among street vendorsand marketers and their organizations shape the resistances of street vendors andmarketers and (II) how do local, national and international networks amongorganizations that work for street vendors and marketers contribute to street vendors‟ and marketers‟ claims to the rights to the city. Qualitative interviews were conducted with street and market vendors operating from urban areas in the Zambian Copperbelt as well as with organizations dealing with market and street vendors in the samegeographical area. Results showed that networks operating on different geographical scales served the street and market vendors as well as their organizations different purposes. Findings are related to the relative importance of the global for the local as well as contemporary theories of democracy and citizenship.
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Dlamini, Simangele. "The transboundary transportation of pollutants from The Zambian Copperbelt." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/182.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science - ScienceThe transportation of aerosols and trace gas material from industrial activities and biomass burning in southern Africa has received widespread attention from scientists over the past decade. Dominant circulation patterns in the sub-region facilitate the southward transportation of sulphur pollutants from the pyromerturllugical processing of copper in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and products of biomass burning from countries in the sub-region in general. This research focuses on the contribution of industrial pollutants from the Zambian Copperbelt and products of biomass burning in the sub-region to total aerosol loading over South Africa. The seasonality of air transport over the region in general, and South Africa in particular, is determined from different transport fields and their frequency of occurrence. Data supplied by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) has been used to run trajectories for the summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons for southern Africa for the years 1990-1994. Forward trajectories have been calculated for the 850, 800, 750 and 700hPa geopotential heights, from Kitwe (12.9° S, 28.2° E, 1262m above mean sea level), at 2.5° resolution. The wall programme has been used as a tool for analysis. Trajectories show widespread recirculation over the subcontinent, resulting in a net transportation of sulphate aerosols from the Zambian Copperbelt. Biomass burning products are likely to join this plume, especially during the late winter and spring seasons. During the summer, air transport is mainly to the west, via Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, off the eastern Atlantic towards southern America.
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Mondoka, Ingwe. "Youth perceptions of the role of copper mining in development on the Zambian copperbelt." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11106.
Full textAbstract:
Copper is the mainstay of the Zambian economy. From the inception of mining activities in the 1920s, it has accounted for the majority of the country‟s exports and foreign earnings. However, most people are of the view that its contribution to development programmes is disproportionate, well below their expectations. They attribute the contemporary failure to copper price volatility, international market forces, ownership, government ineptitude and the consequences of neoliberalism. Given the large expense involved in establishing and running copper mines, the country depends heavily on foreign capital. A big proportion of the copper that is mined in Zambia is sold in an unprocessed state denying the country additional revenue. This study assesses both the role of copper mining in the economic history of Zambia and its role in contemporary development as perceived and understood by current university-educated job market entrants on the Zambian Copperbelt, their educators and other commentators with work experience in the sector.Theses (M.Dev.Studies)--University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2014.
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Galabuzi, Grace-Edward. "Re-locating mineral-dependant communities in the era of globalization, 1979-1999 : a comparative study of the Zambian Copperbelt and Timmins, Ontario /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR29493.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme inTypescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 513-563). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR29493
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Haamoonga, Brenda Cynthia. "Learner performance and teaching in public secondary schools in Zambia : a critical study." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24461.
Full textAbstract:
The study was primary undertaken to critically study the nature of learner performance and
teaching in public secondary schools in Zambia, with a focus on four public, co-education, day
schools in the Copperbelt region for the purposes of addressing the challenge of poor
performance in the Grade 12 National examinations that has characterised public secondary
schools in the country. The researcher was guided by the main research question: ‘What is the
nature of learner performance and teaching in public secondary schools in Zambia?’ The aim of
the research was to establish the factors that negatively affected learner performance and
teaching in the selected schools in order to develop effective mechanisms that would improve the
education system in public secondary schools both at regional and national levels.
The study was undertaken using a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach mainly
propounded by Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), for the purposes of collecting the lived
experiences of the 24 purposively selected participants employed in this research: 4 head
teachers, 8 teachers and 12 learners. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews
among the two longest serving teachers (male and female) per school and each of the head
teachers in all the four schools; and two focus group interviews (from the highest and lowest
performing schools) comprising six learners per group of equal gender among the selected Grade
12 candidates from the debate club and school council. The research also included analysis of
documents like: school mission statements and visions, schemes and records of work and
learners’ record of performance. The gathered information was manually analysed and
interpreted.
The major findings from the analysed data were that public secondary schools were negatively
affected by four main categories of factors: (a) socio-economic factors; (b) the nature of the
teaching and learning environment; (c) personal factors relating to the learners, teachers and head
teachers; and (d) policy issues relating to learner enrolment and assessment, teacher selection,
recruitment and development and highly controlled bureaucratic systems.
The study established that improved learner performance is crucial to national development
because the quality of an education system is measured by the performance of learners, and is the major drive for many aspects of development. The study also revealed that it was possible to
improve learner performance, based on a number of lessons that can be drawn from the
international research findings on characteristics of high-performing schools.
Finally, the study recommends that public secondary schools in Zambia should revise their
approach to enrolment of learners, teacher recruitment and development, and leadership
appointment, and should adopt policies that meet the needs of the Zambian context as well as
investing in research.Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)
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Vítková, Martina. "Environmentální charakteristiky minerálních odpadů z metalurgie." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330408.
Full textAbstract:
Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of metallurgical wastes from the Cu-Co smelters situated in the Zambian Copperbelt have been investigated. A number of instrumental analytical methods (XRD, SEM/EDS, EPMA, TEM/EDS) has been used to identify primary and secondary phases in smelter slags and dusts. A set of leaching experiments (CEN/TS 14997 pH-static test, EN 12457 batch test) in combination with geochemical modelling has been performed, with the emphasis on the leaching behaviour of potential contaminants and their release as a function of the pH. The effect of sample preparation on metal leachability from slag was also evaluated, considering the grain size reduction required by the standardised leaching protocols. Environmental and health risk assessments of the dust samples have been performed. It was shown that the main carriers of metals in the studied slags were Cu sulphides (bornite, digenite, chalcocite), Co sulphides (cobaltpentlandite), Co-bearing intermetallic phases and alloys. Copper and cobalt were detected in major silicates and spinels, substituting for Fe or Mg in their structures, and in glass. The presence of secondary metal-bearing phases observed on the slag surfaces indicated the reactivity of the slags on contact with water/atmosphere. It was reported that in...
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Musonda, Yolam. "Motivation of librarians in Central and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14392.
Full textAbstract:
The efficiency and effectiveness of any library in delivering quality services to clients is not only dependent on how skilled the librarians are but also on how motivated they are. This study investigated factors which affect motivation of librarians in Central and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia.
The study was a survey design involving questionnaires and interview technique to obtain information. A whole population of 100 respondents was used to collect data. The survey combined qualitative and quantitative methods, qualitative data obtained from interviews were analysed by coding and regrouping similar themes using constant comparative techniques. Quantitative data from questionnaires were analysed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).
Study findings indicated that there were various factors which motivated librarians to do more work such as responsibilities, good salary, promotion and work achievement. However, further revelation showed that there is still need to reinforce these factors to enhance more motivation of librarians.Information Science
M.A. (Information Science)
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Kawalika, Mathias [Verfasser]. "Rodents of Ndola (Copperbelt Province, Zambia) / vorgelegt von Mathias Kawalika." 2004. http://d-nb.info/975050680/34.
Full text
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Kangale, Christopher Chabu. "Sustaining life : a theological vision for the diversification of the copperbelt's economy." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2602.
Full textAbstract:
Since independence in 1964, Zambia in general and the Copperbelt Province in particular have largely depended on the mono-economy based on copper mining. Around the 1970s the copper prices started falling causing the mining industry to collapse leading to economic stagnation. Efforts to revive the economy, such as the Structural Adjustment Programme implemented since the late 1980s have not brought about well-being for the people of the Copperbelt. As a result the government of the Republic of Zambia decided to launch an economic diversification programme for the Copperbelt province whose main aim is to seek and implement alternative economic activities that would accelerate economic growth thereby improving people's living conditions on the Copperbelt. This thesis proposes that in order to overcome poverty and improve people's living conditions, we need to shift our policy and practice from free market economic growth centred approaches, to shalom. The shift is based on the argument that development seen through the lenses of free market economic growth alone has not sustained life; instead it has contributed to environmental degradation and poverty creation in Zambia and the Copperbelt Province in particular. The thesis argues that shalom is an authentic development paradigm. This argument is based on three fundamental integral parts of shalom namely creation, people and justice. In order to bring about comprehensive well-being for people there is a need to a) appreciate creation as a phenomenon with its own integrity. It should not be destroyed for selfish economic ends; b) give pre-eminence to people as free agents who could participate in creating their own destiny based on their capacities and social conditionalities; and c) ensure social justice as a necessary condition for human relations and economic dispensation.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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Kabwe, Kabwe Maybin. "Local churches and health : an examination of four local churches' contribution to direct health outcomes on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/994.
Full textAbstract:
The research explores and examines the relationship that exists between religion and health. Four church health related activities were examined as case studies to assert their direct and indirect contribution to health and well being of communities on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. The main thrust and perspective of the study is a theological position on the contribution of the Christian Church toward holistic health care and provision. The study is rooted in a large field of study called African Religiou s Health Assets Program [ARHAP] which has developed a theory to help establish the link that exist between religion and health in health care. The insights from the ARHAP theoretical framework are engaged in this study to identify the religious health assets known as tangible and intangible in each institution and how they contribute to health promotion and care . Key informants from each of the four religious health institutions were interviewed to establish and examine the kind of religious health assets they have and on how they affect and contribute to health outcomes. Through these case studies of four Christian religious health institutions, in Ndola and Masaiti districts, the thesis has shown that religious health institutions have diverse assets that enhance and contribute directly and indirectly to better health outcomes . These assets [referring to what is present in these institutions] are labeled as ‘religious health assets’ in this thesis . The findings of the thesis indicate that Christian religious health institutions have assets, which could be aligned and leveraged in public health policy for the well being of people and communities.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.
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Konečný, Ladislav. "Mobilita anorganických kontaminantů a jejich toxicita v půdních profilech v oblasti hutě Mufulira (Copperbelt, Zambie)." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312697.
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ii SUMMARY The smelter in Mufulira is one of the several active copper smelters in Copperbelt area in Zambia. It had operated for almost 70 years and during that period all offgas and dust were released into the atmosphere. Six profiles, three of them beneath trees, were sampled in the distances of 3.6, 8 and 24 km from the smelter. Each profile consisted of 9-10 layers collected continuously from the topsoil till depth of 60-70 cm. Following parameters were measured for each layer: pH, TC, TS a CEC, then total concentration of Ag, As, Al, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V a Zn and extractability by EDTA. The total concentrations of metals/metalloids were measured by ICP-OES and quadrupole- based ICP-MS. TC and TS were determined by thermal analysis and mobility of metals was assessed according to their extractability by EDTA. The aim of this work was to compare vertical distribution and mobility especially of these metals Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn among profiles. Finally a standardized toxicity test was performed with ten selected layers (include all top soils) from all profiles. This reproductive test with Enchytraeus crypticus reflected how tested soil samples were suitable for living and reproducing this specimen of invertebrates. Generally the total concentrations of metals decreased in...
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Mulenga, Lisa Kombe. "The influence of non-financial incentives on the retention of nurses in two rural hospitals in the copperbelt province of Zambia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/9082.
Full textAbstract:
MPH, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandPoor retention rates and a lack of human resource management capacity have led to a critical shortage of nurses and serious disparities in their distribution between urban and rural areas in Zambia. The Zambian government is faced with the challenge of developing retention schemes that address the most pressing needs of nurses in rural service. The aim of the study is to contribute to the body of work in Zambia that looks at the influence of non-financial incentives on the retention of nurses in rural areas. The study also aims to show what factors nurses think would keep them in rural posting. The objectives of this study are to determine the perceptions of nurses in two rural hospitals in the Copperbelt province of Zambia about non-financial incentives that could influence retention in rural areas and to determine which factors nurses perceive to be the most important for retention. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Forty nurses were conveniently sampled. Data was collected by means of structured interviews using a questionnaire and was analysed using stata10. The majority of nurses strongly agreed that individual, institutional and local environmental factors play a significant role in retention. Factors identified as the most important for retention were motivation to work (n=26), appreciation from the community (n=33), ability to make decisions about work (n=17), satisfactory accommodation (n=32), availability of schools for children (n=26), managable distance to work (n=13), access to continuing education and iv professional development (n=26), having good relationships with colleagues (n=15) and, availability of essential equipment, tools and supplies (n=14). Factors ranked first choice according to level of importance by the majority of nurses were satisfactory accommodation (n=25), access to continuing education and professional development (n=20) and motivation to work (n=18). There are no straight forward answers to the problem of retention in rural areas. The development of appropriate strategies requires an understanding of the interaction of factors which influence nurses’ decisions to work in a rural and remote post. Successful retention strategies will require strengthening and upgrading of human resource management capacity. The response must be all inclusive, engaging relevant stakeholders, including non-health and nongovernmental group