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Verster, Francois Philippus. "A critique of the rape of justicia, with emphasis on seven cartoons by Zapiro (2008 – 2010)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5171.
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Santos, Renata de Paula dos. "Iconografia e política na África do Sul : a representação de Nelson Mandela, Thabo Mbeki e Jacob Zuma nas charges de Zapiro." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Educação, Comunicação e Artes. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000190570.
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A vitória de Mandela nas eleições de 1994 na África do Sul é um marco referencial para a história sul-africana e representou a transição do apartheid para a democracia multirracial. Desde então Nelson Mandela (1994-1999), Thabo Mbeki (1999-2008) e Jacob Zuma (2009-atual), ocuparam o cargo de presidente do país e conduziram, cada um a seu modo, os novos rumos do país. Durante os quase vinte anos de democracia multirracial, um chargista em especial, Jonathan Shapiro, popularmente conhecido pelo pseudônimo de Zapiro, retratou o cotidiano dessa história. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como Zapiro retratou os aspectos políticos e sociais, bem como as características psicológicas de cada um dos três presidentes pós-apartheid e quais representações sociais se constituíram a partir de sua produção chárgica. A opção por Zapiro se explica por sua oposição abertamente declarada ao apartheid e também por ser o chargista sul-africano mais conhecido no exterior. Elegemos a charge como objeto de estudo por se tratar de um objeto comunicativo iconográfico constituído pelo humor, que agrega à sua constituição argumentos de transgressão à ordem vigente, possibilitando uma análise da história sul-africana por um viés crítico. Como métodos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, optamos por reunir a pesquisa histórica, a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise do discurso chárgico. Entre os referenciais teóricos destacam-se Magnoli (1998; 2009), Jonge (1991) e Carlin (2009) na questão sul-africana; nas reflexões acerca das representações sociais, recorremos a Moscovici (2011) e Jodelet (1993); no campo da charge e do humor, as referências são Miani (2005; 2012), Romualdo (2000) e Eco (1989). Com a realização das análises, pudemos verificar que Zapiro atua de maneiras distintas na construção da representação de cada um dos presidentes em questão e que o chargista apresenta Mandela como um líder competente marcado pelo heroísmo e a referência a ser seguida pelos demais políticos.<br>Mandela's victory in the 1994 elections in South Africa is a reference point for South African history and represented the transition from apartheid to multiracial democracy. Since then Nelson Mandela (1994-1999), Thabo Mbeki (1999-2008) and Jacob Zuma (2009 - current), occupied the post of president of the country and led, each in its own way, the new direction of the country. During the nearly twenty years of multiracial democracy, one in particular cartoonist, Jonathan Shapiro, popularly known by the pseudonym Zapiro, portrayed the everyday life of this story. In this sense, the objective of this research is to analyze how Zapiro portrayed the political and social aspects, as well as the psychological characteristics of each of the three post-apartheid presidents and which social representations are formed from their cartoon production. The choice of Zapiro explained by openly declared his opposition to apartheid and also for being the best known outside South African cartoonist. We elected to cartoon as an object of study because it is an iconographic object constituted by communicative humor, which adds to its constitution arguments transgression of the established order, enabling an analysis of South African history through a critical bias. As methods for the development of the work, we decided to gather historical research, the literature search and analysis of cartooon speech. Among the theoretical frameworks stand out Magnoli (1998, 2009), Jonge (1991) and Carlin (2009) in the South African question; reflections about social representations, we resort to Moscovici (2011) and Jodelet (1993), in the field the cartoon and humor, the references are Miani (2005; 2012), Romualdo (2000) and Eco (1989). With the completion of the analysis, we observed that Zapiro acts in different ways in the construction of the representation of each of the presidents in question and that the cartoonist presents Mandela as a competent leader marked by heroism and reference to be followed by other politicians.
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Pissarra, Mario. "Criticism and censorship in the South African "alternative" Press with particular reference to the cartoons of Bauer and Zapiro (1985-1990)." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14749.
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Includes bibliography.<br>Cartooning is an extremely heterogeneous practice whose genealogy can be traced back to caricature. This paper does not concern itself with the diversity that can be found in the cartoons of Derek Bauer and Jonathan Shapiro (Zapiro), but rather chooses to focus on the potential of cartooning as a critical art practice. Given that the "flipside" of criticism is censorship, the effects of censorship on cartooning together with cartooning's response to censorship will also be examined. Cartoons published in the alternative press after the 1985 declaration of a State of Emergency, but preceding the unbanning of political organisations in February 1990, which comment directly on press or political censorship, as well as those which raise issues pertinent to censorship, provide the basis for examining the converse notions of criticism and censorship. Having said this it should also be stated at the outset that whilst this paper focuses on particular cartoons produced in specific historical circumstances, it is also intended that this paper will have broader implications for the development of a contemporary critical art practice. This paper proceeds from the premise that criticism and censorship are oppositional and antagonistic concepts which seldom appear alone. Criticism, particularly when expressed publicly and directed at specific interest groups (eg. a ruling elite) frequently evokes censorship, whilst censorship and repression in turn breed criticism and resistance.
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Tamanini, Isabelle. "Improving the ZAPROS method considering the incomparability cases." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2010. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/84947.
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Previous issue date: 2010-07-08<br>The ZAPROS method belongs to the Verbal Decision Analysis framework, and it aims at solving decision making problems in a more realistic way from the decision maker's point of view, since quantitative methods could lead to loss of information when one tries to assign exact measures to verbal values. However, this characteristic may cause losses to the method's comparison power, making unavoidable the incomparability cases between the alternatives and leading to an unsatisfactory result of the problem. Considering the limitation exposed, this paper presents an approach methodology mainly structured on the ZAPROS method, but with some modifications, for aiding at the decision making process on Verbal Decision Analysis, aiming at the presentation of a complete and satisfactory result to the decision maker by reducing the incomparability cases between the alternatives. The modifications were applied mainly to the alternatives comparison process and did not modify the method's computational complexity. For the validation of the modified methodology and in order to facilitate its application process, the Aranaú tool, a decision support system, was implemented. Some multi-criteria models structured on the ZAPROS methodology were submitted to the tool in order to verify the increase of the method's comparison power due to the changes made. The main application of this work, which is also other relevant contribution, is to give an order of questionnaires that are more likely to give a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, considering the major importance of detecting the pathology on its earliest stages. The disease was chosen to be the case study of this work because it has become the most frequent cause of dementia in the last few years and it is responsible, alone or in association with other diseases, for 50% of the cases in western countries. Besides, the Alzheimer's disease is a difficult diagnosed illness: the initial symptoms are subtle, progressing slowly until they are clear and irreversible. Despite of its high incidence, it was proven that the disease has already been present for decades when the diagnosis is made. As the earliest the dementia is diagnosed, the greater are the chances of delaying its advance; the greatest aspiration of the researches on the area recently is to find out a way to identify the disease on its earliest stage. This way, a multi-criteria model was formulated and applied to the Aranaú tool in order to determine which characteristics would play the main role on the diagnosis of the disease. In this work, the modeling and evaluation processes were conducted with the aid of a medical expert, bibliographical sources and questionnaires from a battery of tests. The questionnaires taken into account were based mainly on patients' neuroimaging tests and were tried under various aspects that are relevant to the diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease.
Keywords: Verbal Decision Analysis, ZAPROS Method, Incomparability Problem, Diagnosis of the Alzheimer's Disease, Neuroimaging.<br>O método ZAPROS pertence ao framework da Análise Verbal de Decisão e objetiva apoiar a resolução de problemas de tomada de decisão de uma forma mais realista do ponto de vista do tomador de decisões, já que métodos quantitativos podem levar à perda de informação ao se tentar atribuir medidas exatas a valores verbais. Entretanto, a característica exposta pode causar uma diminuição no poder de comparação do método, tornando inevitáveis os casos de incomparabilidade entre as alternativas e conduzindo a um resultado insatisfatório do problema. Assim, considerando-se a limitação exposta, esse trabalho apresenta uma abordagem metodológica principalmente estruturada no método ZAPROS, mas com algumas modificações, para auxiliar no processo de decisão em Análise Verbal de Decisão, objetivando a apresentação de resultados completos e satisfatórios ao decisor através da redução dos casos de incomparabilidade entre as alternativas. As modificações foram aplicadas essencialmente ao processo de comparação de alternativas e não modificaram a complexidade computacional do método. Para a validação da metodologia modificada e visando facilitar o processo de aplicação da mesma, a ferramenta de Aranaú, um sistema de apoio à decisão, foi implementada. Alguns modelos multicritério estruturados na metodologia ZAPROS foram submetidos à ferramenta a fim de verificar o aumento do poder de comparação do método com base nas alterações realizadas.
A principal aplicação deste trabalho, e também outra importante contribuição deste, é dar uma ordem de questionários que são mais propensos a dar um diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer, considerando a considerável importância do diagnóstico precoce. Essa patologia foi escolhida como o estudo de caso deste trabalho por ter se tornado a causa mais frequente de demência nos últimos anos, sendo responsável, tanto isoladamente quanto em associação com outras doenças, por 50% dos casos nos países ocidentais. Além disso, a doença de Alzheimer é uma patologia de difícil diagnóstico: os sintomas iniciais são sutis, progredindo lentamente até que sejam claros e irreversíveis.
Apesar da alta incidência da patologia, foi comprovado que a doença já tem estado presente há décadas quando o diagnóstico é realizado. Sabe-se que quanto mais cedo a demência é diagnosticada, maiores são as chances de retardar o seu avanço; tem-se, recentemente, como a maior aspiração das pesquisas na área, descobrir uma maneira de identificar a doença em seu estágio mais inicial. Dessa forma, um modelo multicritério foi formulado e aplicado à ferramenta Aranaú a fim de determinar as características que desempenham o papel principal no diagnóstico da doença. Neste trabalho, a modelagem e os processos de avaliação foram realizados com o auxílio de um profissional da área da saúde, referências bibliográficas e dados de questionários de uma bateria de exames. Os questionários analisados baseiam-se principalmente em exames de neuroimagem de pacientes e os dados neles contidos foram julgados sob vários aspectos que são relevantes para o diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer.
Palavras-chave: Análise Verbal de Decisão, Método ZAPROS, Problema das incomparabilidades, Diagnóstico da Doença de Alzheimer, Neuroimagem.
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Fuentes, Huerta Älvaro, Lema Rodolfo Mardónez, Carolina Motta, Parra Cristián Muenas, and Jofré Monica Ruiz. "Plan de marketing para el lanzamiento de un zapato extensible súper ergonómico." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114897.
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Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Marketing de las Telecomunicaciones<br>Cuando una empresa lanza un producto al mercado, debe tener clara la forma en que lo hará, es decir, debe saber y tener muy bien pensadas que acciones tomará y como utilizará los recursos necesarios para llevar a cabo dicha tarea, con el fin de tener éxito. Es necesario conocer de manera clara el entorno en el cual se competirá y los recursos con los que cuenta la empresa, para de este modo, estructurar un plan de marketing que guíe el uso de los recursos de la manera más eficiente posible, utilizando las capacidades de la empresa para realizar acciones coherentes con el entorno competitivo, de tal manera que el lanzamiento del producto tenga como consecuencia la generación de utilidades a lo largo de su existencia. El plan de marketing explica cual es la necesidad a satisfacer y como la empresa va a llegar a su mercado objetivo para vender sus productos o servicios, por esto debe incluir en detalle la proposición única de venta del producto o servicio, estrategia de precio, plan de venta, distribución, planes de publicidad y de promoción.
El producto que desarrollaremos y lanzaremos al mercado es un zapato para niños que cumple con características anatómicas adecuadas para la correcta formación del pie. Factor clave y diferenciador cubierto en mediana medida por las actuales marcas que se encuentran en el mercado. Milimetrix, como se ha llamado nuestro producto no es sólo un zapato que cumple con los cánones de las mejores marcas sino que prestan especial atención en factores que no están lo suficientemente desarrollados y desde este punto de vista es un pionero, un generador de tendencia que creará conciencia en el target definido de factores que muchas veces pasan desapercibidos. A pesar de los esfuerzos de las empresas por ajustar sus modelos a los requerimientos mínimos que garantizan la salud del pie del niño siempre estas se ajustaran a tallas estándares. Forus es conciente que cada pie es distinto por lo que creó Milimetrix que permite el mejor calce del pie del niño.
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Cosar, Botan. "A Comparative Analysis of Zapier and IFTTT through the Lens of Enterprise Integration." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299654.
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Integration platforms such as Zapier and IFTTT allow users to create custom flows that link events taking place in one application to an action that should occur in another. With the help of these platforms, people are able to automate work that would have otherwise required manual input. Thanks to this, the mundane tasks of everyday life can be delegated to computers while people are allowed to be more productive with their time. The question is, how exactly does Zapier and IFTTT implement these integration solutions, and how do they compare? From the perspective of a company that seeks to publish their application to the catalogues of these platforms, one would be interested in knowing what specific problems these platforms can solve, how they are solved, and how the solution can be evaluated. One theoretical framework that can be applied in order to answer all of these questions is known as enterprise integration. The problem is that an analysis of Zapier and IFTTT through the context of enterprise integration does not exist. The purpose of this thesis was to create this analysis. By doing so, companies would be able to make more informed decisions as to the selection and use of these technologies. Action research methodology was used to gather qualitative, inductive data, through the implementation of five smaller scale projects. Each of the projects was an investigation into a common type of problem that enterprise integration is typically used to solve. For each project, a set of criteria that were also taken from enterprise integration were used in order to evaluate the implementation’s strengths and weaknesses. A statement as to which of these platforms is better than the other was not found. However, similarities and differences between the two were able to be determined. The results indicated that Zapier’s strengths came mostly from the fact that it offers developers more freedom than IFTTT does, but that IFTTT had strengths that came from its ability to offer reliable delivery without compromise, and that it allowed developers to create better solutions in multiple scenarios. Findings like these were found and expressed through enterprise integration.<br>Integrationsplattformar såsom Zapier och IFTTT låter användare skapa sina egna skräddarsydda flöden som sammankopplar händelser som uppstår i en applikation till en aktion som ska ta plats i en annan. Med hjälp av dessa plattformar så kan folk automatisera arbete som annars hade krävt manuellt input. Tack vare detta så kan banala vardagsaktiviteter delegeras till datorer medan folk tillåts att vara mer produktiva med sin tid. Frågan är, hur exakt är Zapier och IFTTT:s lösningar implementerade, och hur jämförs dem med varandra? Från ett företags perspektiv som vill publicera sin applikation till dessa plattformars kataloger så skulle man vara intresserad av att veta vilka specifika problem dessa plattformar kan lösa, hur dem kan lösas, och hur lösningen kan utvärderas. Ett teoretiskt ramverk som kan appliceras för att svara på alla dessa frågor är enterprise integration. Problemet är att en analys av Zapier och IFTTT från kontexten av enterprise integration inte existerar. Syftet med denna uppsats var därför att skapa denna analys. Genom att göra detta så kan företag ta mer informerade beslut med avseende på hur de väljer och använder sig utav dessa teknologier. Aktionsforskning användes för att hämta kvalitativ, induktiv data, genom implementeringen utav fem mindre projekt. Varje projekt var en undersökning av ett typiskt problem som enterprise integration typiskt används till för att lösa. För varje projekt användes en uppsättning av kriterium som även dessa var tagna ur enterprise integration, för att bedöma implementeringens styrkor och svagheter. En slutsats om vilket av dessa plattformar som är bättre än det andra drogs inte. Likheter och skillnader kunde dock bestämmas. Resultaten indikerade att Zapiers styrkor mestadels kom från det faktum att dem ger utvecklare mer frihet än vad IFTTT gör, men att IFTTT hade styrkor som kom från det faktum att dem kunde erbjuda garanterad leverans utan kompromisser, och att utvecklare kunde skapa bättre lösningar i flera scenarion. Upptäckter som dessa kunde hittas och uttryckas genom enterprise integration.
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Guerinoni, Romero Pierina Mariela. "Zapatero a tu zapato: gran oportunidad para rectificar errores en el llamado arbitraje administrativo." Arbitraje PUCP, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112693.
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Zapilko, Benjamin [Verfasser], and York [Akademischer Betreuer] Sure-Vetter. "Methods for Matching of Linked Open Social Science Data / Benjamin Zapilko. Betreuer: York Sure-Vetter." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067055312/34.
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Zapilko, Veronika [Verfasser], Sigrun [Akademischer Betreuer] Korsching, and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Hammerschmidt. "Identifizierung Ergothionein-haltiger Zellen im Zebrabärbling Danio rerio / Veronika Zapilko. Gutachter: Sigrun Korsching ; Matthias Hammerschmidt." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1050625498/34.
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Machado, Thais Cristina Sampaio. "Towards aided by multicriteria support methods and software development: a hybrid model of verbal decision analysis for selecting approaches of project management." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2012. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/89610.
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-19<br>The decision may be defined as a result of a process of choice, given an identified problem or when the decision maker faces an opportunity of creation, optimization or improvement in an environment. Frequently, problems are preferentially stated and analyzed in a qualitative way, not in quantitative aspect. I.e., most decision making problems can be qualitatively described.
Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA) Framework is a set of methods defined to support the decision making process by the verbal representation of problems. The ORCLASS System (Ordinal Classification) belongs to VDA Framework. It consists at classifying alternatives, which means the prescription of alternatives into particular classes or groups. However, there was still never been developed a software that reproduces its application. This work presents a tool developed as a support to the process of Verbal Decision Analysis, aiming at the processing of a complete result of System ORCLASS to the decision maker.
The work intends to provide an evaluation of Project Management approaches applied in the Software Development and examine them toward to identify which are the most preferable ones, aided by the application of a hybrid model of decision making. The hybrid model aims at classifying alternatives using ORCLASS method, through the developed software, and ranking them using a Verbal Decision Analysis method (ZAPROS-IIIi).
Afterward, Specific Practices (SP) of Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) level 2 were chosen, and approaches to attend the SP's were ranked from the most preferable to the least preferable ones, aiming to help enterprises which are not able to reach a complete CMMI qualification.
Keywords: Decision Making, Verbal Decision Analysis, ORCLASS method, Project Management, ZAPROS method, Specific Practices, Capability Maturity Model Integration.<br>Uma decisão pode ser definida como o resulta de um processo de escolha, dado um determinado problema ou quando um decisor depara-se com uma oportunidade de criação, otimização ou melhoria dentro de um ambiente. Frequentemente, problemas são preferencialmente definidos e analisados de forma qualitative, não com aspecto quantitativo. Isto é, a maioria dos problemas para tomada de decisão podem ser descritos qualitativamente.
O Framework de Análise Verbal de Decisão (AVD) é um conjunto de metodos definidos para dar suporte ao processo de tomada de decisão, através de uma representação verbal dos problemas. O sistema ORCLASS (Classificação Ordinal), pertence ao Framework de Análise Verbal de Decisão. Ele consiste em classificar alternativas, o que significa a divião de alternativas dentre determinadas classes ou grupos. No entanto, ainda não havia sido desenvolvida um software que reproduza sua aplicação. Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta desenvolvida para dar suporte ao processo de Análise Verbal de Decisão, com objetivo de processar um resultado completo do sistema ORCLASS para o decisor.
O trabalho tem a intensão de fornecer uma avaliação das abordagens de Gerência de Projetos aplicadas nas empresas de desenvolvimento de software e analisá-las afim de identificar quais as mais preferíveis, auxiliadas pela aplicação de um modelo híbrido de tomada de decisão. O modelo híbrido classifica alternativas usando o método ORCLASS, através do software desenvolvido, e as ordena usando um método de Análise Verbal de Decisão de ordenação (ZAPROS-IIIi).
Ao final, Práticas Específicas (PS) do Modelo Integrado de Maturidade de Capacidade (CMMI) nível 2 foram selecionados a serem aplicados em Empresas, e abordagens para atender às PSs foram ordenadas das mais preferíveis para as menos preferíveis, com objetivo de ajudar empresas que não teriam estrutura para atingir uma certificação completa de CMMI.
Palavras-chave: Tomada de Decisão, Análise Verbal de Decisão, método ORCLASS, Gerência de Projetos, método ZAPROS, Práticas Específicas, Modelo Integrado de Maturidade de Capacidade.
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Montoya, Alberti Hernando. "¿Piedra en el zapato o piedra de molino? Algunas reflexiones sobre la eliminación de barreras burocráticas." Revista de Actualidad Mercantil, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92253.
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Shamon, Olivia, and Lucas Carlberg. "iipax one as a Service in Cloud Integration Platforms : A Comparison of Zapier, IFTTT and Power Automate." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165631.
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This thesis covers the theme of cloud integration platforms as a service with Ida Infronts information and task management system iipax one. The premise of this thesis is to research the most optimal cloud integration platform and find what cloud-based functions that are useful for iipax one. Using a cloud integration platform with iipax one could be beneficial for the users as it allows them to automate simple repetitive tasks. But choosing an integration platform is not a simple undertaking as there are many available platforms, all with their own unique features. To find a suitable platform first we investigated potential platforms which revealed Power Automate, Zapier and IFTTT as candidates. Our comparison based on a literature study showed that Power Automate is most suitable for iipax one. Finally, we created a prototype implementation to integrate iipax one with Power Automate. The conclusion is that Power Automate is the best suited platform for iipax one. Although Zapier is a close second. For the useful functions we concluded that it is more important with templates that users can adopt rather than a multitude of triggers and actions.
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Castro, Augusto. "El informe final de la comisión de la verdad y reconciliación: una piedra en el zapato del estado." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2005. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/47172.
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La CVR hace referencia centralmente a la manera en que los peruanos nos hemos tratado entre nosotros y, por ello, muestra el comportamiento — lamentable, por cierto— de todos los sectores sociales y políticos involucrados en el conflicto armado interno, es decir, en la guerra que inicia el Partido Comunista Peruano-Sendero Luminoso(PCP-SL) en 1980 y que se desarrolla hasta el año 2000, aproximadamente. Por lo tanto, no es una página gloriosa de nuestra historia reciente; más bien es un período lleno de recuerdos desagradables y tristes, que nos avergüenzay nos lleva al silencio. La información que nos proporciona la CVR es siempre un tema de coyuntura, pero a la vez una verdad actual que nadie quiere escuchar y que se prefiere eliminar sistemáticamente del presente.
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Segarra, Arnau Tomàs. "Con el corazón debajo del zapato. Estudio de caso sobre aprendizaje, integración e identidad en la comunidad marroquí de Sant Mateu." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403616.
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Esta investigación toma como referente a la comunidad marroquí de Sant Mateu (Castellón), partiendo del aprendizaje como construcción social, de la dominación, de la participación en la vida cultural como mecanismo de integración, y de la identidad como fuente de transformaciones. Los objetivos pasan por conocer los procesos para construir aprendizaje socialmente, identificar los espacios para la integración, y visibilizar las transformaciones identitarias resultantes. Se trata de un estudio de caso intrínseco llevado a cabo desde un posicionamiento metodológico plural. Los resultados de la investigación implican que esta comunidad construye aprendizaje situado a través de la participación. Esto supone, al mismo tiempo, la construcción de un discurso común mediante la negociación de significados, con implicaciones en cuanto a la integración de la comunidad, que repercuten en la reconstrucción de la propia identidad y en un situarse en el mundo como extranjeros.<br>This research takes the Moroccan community of Sant Mateu (Castellón, Spain) as a reference, starting from learning as social construction, domination, participation in cultural life as a mechanism of integration, and identity as a source of transformations. The objectives are to know the processes to build social learning, to identify the spaces for integration, and to visualize the resulting identity transformation. It is an intrinsic case study carried out from a pluralistic methodological positioning. The results of the research suppose that this community builds situated learning through participation. This implies, at the same time, the construction of a common discourse trhough the negotiation of meanings, with implications for the integration of the community, which have repercussions on the reconstruction of their own identity and on placing themselves in the world as foreigners.
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Zapko-Willmes, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "Sources of Individual Differences in Sociopolitical Orientations: Findings from Combining Behavior Genetic with Multi-Rater Approaches / Alexandra Zapko-Willmes." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173898107/34.
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Nataša, Polovina. "Аутобиографски фрагменти у српским списима 20. века". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=90060&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Проблем аутобиографије и аутобиографског текста у српској књижевности средњег века комплексан је и у науци недовољно истражен. Иако интересовање за аутобиографске текстове старе српске књижевности није ново, досадашња бављења овом темом имала су за циљ само да прикупе и делимично опишу те текстове, без покушаја њиховог систематског сагледавања и тумачења у контексту српске и византијске књижевне традиције, а готово увек без одговарајуће теоријске аргументације.Дефинишући аутобиографију, савремене теорије у први план стављају појмове идентитета, индивидуалности и субјективитета. Ови појмови, међутим, захтевају темељно преиспитивање када је реч о средњем веку, који није познавао индивидуалност у данашњем смислу речи. Штавише, средњи век суочава нас са индивидуумом који се плаши своје оригиналности, који се боји да буде ,,он сам“.Отуда је, према средњовековном погледу на свет, писац само ,,инструмент“, продужена рука Бога; он је стваралац који ће све добро, тачно и истинито приписати дејству Духа, а своје ауторство признати једино у одступањима и погрешкама. Топос скромности којим средњовековни писци себе одређују као “грешне“, “недовољне“, “недостојне“, “последње од свих“, којим признају своје незнање и неспособност да пишу о одређеној теми, конституисао се најпре као израз монашке смерности, да би се у ХIV и XV веку ово опште место задржало као обична “декорација књижевног карактера“.Ипак, иако је за човека средњег века оригиналност била грех таштине, то не значи да средњовековни уметници нису били способни да створе оригинална дела, нити да су књижевна дела настала у епохи средњег века лишена особености и креативног приступа. Упркос томе што средњовековни аутори нису тежили сопственом изразу, већ су следили традицију раније формирану у одговарајућем жанру, ипак можемо говорити о њиховом индивидуалном стилу. Индивидуалност уметника огледала се, углавном, у инвентивности с којом је писац приступао наслеђеним навикама и у оплемењивању традиционалних поступака.Једна од основних претпоставки нашег истраживања била је да у епохи средњег века социјални идентитет готово у потпуности потискује лични идентитет, те да је средњовековни човек био сведен на функцију коју је имао у друштву, односно, да се право на писање аутобиографије у средњем веку заснива на темељу социјално признате важности. Прихватили смо, при том, мишљење већине изучавалаца да је за средњовековље најприкладнији појам ,,културне фигуре“, којим су означени тзв. идеални типови људске егзистенције, а који се, између осталог, исказују у језику књижевности и писмености оног времена.Имајући у виду чињеницу да поетиком средњовековне књижевности доминира начело жанра, а не начело ауторства, те да је управо жанр најзначајнији фактор који одређује шта ће писац рећи о себи и о свом животу, трагали смо за аутобиографским фрагментима у повељама, посланицама, записима и натписима, и житијима из XIV века.Будући да је основна карактеристика средњовековне аутобиографске књижевности фрагментарност (подаци које аутор оставља о себи расути су у текстовима различитих жанрова) један од основних циљева нашег истраживања био је да се утврди каква је веза аутобиографског фрагмента с главним текстом. Такође, као својеврстан аутобиографски поступак, а у складу с поетичким начелима средњовековне књижевности, анализирали смо сваку иновативну и оригиналну употребу општих места и библијских цитата, указујући на широке могућности увођења оригиналног садржаја у задате обрасце.У научној литератури посвећеној делима српске средњовековне књижевности појединим текстовима 14. века приписан је атрибут ,,аутобиографског дела“, док су неки чак означени као ,,праве аутобиографије“ (нпр. Улијарска повеља приписана краљу Милутину и Реч Душанова уз Законик). У неким случајевима, међутим, такво атрибуирање је потпуно неоправдано, па смо у раду покушали ревалоризовати уврежена мишљења.Коначно, један од циљева нашег истраживања био је да установимо шта је основна функција аутобиографских фрагмената у делима српске средњовековне књижевности: чување од заборава, оживљавање прошлости, или, пак, пишчево представљање сопственог религиозног и духовног развоја? У сваком случају, на примеру српских списа XIV века показује се да се аутобиографски принцип не мора схватити искључиво као принцип самоисказивања, већ и као одраз духа епохе у објективном сведочанству појединца.<br>Problem autobiografije i autobiografskog teksta u srpskoj književnosti srednjeg veka kompleksan je i u nauci nedovoljno istražen. Iako interesovanje za autobiografske tekstove stare srpske književnosti nije novo, dosadašnja bavljenja ovom temom imala su za cilj samo da prikupe i delimično opišu te tekstove, bez pokušaja njihovog sistematskog sagledavanja i tumačenja u kontekstu srpske i vizantijske književne tradicije, a gotovo uvek bez odgovarajuće teorijske argumentacije.Definišući autobiografiju, savremene teorije u prvi plan stavljaju pojmove identiteta, individualnosti i subjektiviteta. Ovi pojmovi, međutim, zahtevaju temeljno preispitivanje kada je reč o srednjem veku, koji nije poznavao individualnost u današnjem smislu reči. Štaviše, srednji vek suočava nas sa individuumom koji se plaši svoje originalnosti, koji se boji da bude ,,on sam“.Otuda je, prema srednjovekovnom pogledu na svet, pisac samo ,,instrument“, produžena ruka Boga; on je stvaralac koji će sve dobro, tačno i istinito pripisati dejstvu Duha, a svoje autorstvo priznati jedino u odstupanjima i pogreškama. Topos skromnosti kojim srednjovekovni pisci sebe određuju kao “grešne“, “nedovoljne“, “nedostojne“, “poslednje od svih“, kojim priznaju svoje neznanje i nesposobnost da pišu o određenoj temi, konstituisao se najpre kao izraz monaške smernosti, da bi se u HIV i XV veku ovo opšte mesto zadržalo kao obična “dekoracija književnog karaktera“.Ipak, iako je za čoveka srednjeg veka originalnost bila greh taštine, to ne znači da srednjovekovni umetnici nisu bili sposobni da stvore originalna dela, niti da su književna dela nastala u epohi srednjeg veka lišena osobenosti i kreativnog pristupa. Uprkos tome što srednjovekovni autori nisu težili sopstvenom izrazu, već su sledili tradiciju ranije formiranu u odgovarajućem žanru, ipak možemo govoriti o njihovom individualnom stilu. Individualnost umetnika ogledala se, uglavnom, u inventivnosti s kojom je pisac pristupao nasleđenim navikama i u oplemenjivanju tradicionalnih postupaka.Jedna od osnovnih pretpostavki našeg istraživanja bila je da u epohi srednjeg veka socijalni identitet gotovo u potpunosti potiskuje lični identitet, te da je srednjovekovni čovek bio sveden na funkciju koju je imao u društvu, odnosno, da se pravo na pisanje autobiografije u srednjem veku zasniva na temelju socijalno priznate važnosti. Prihvatili smo, pri tom, mišljenje većine izučavalaca da je za srednjovekovlje najprikladniji pojam ,,kulturne figure“, kojim su označeni tzv. idealni tipovi ljudske egzistencije, a koji se, između ostalog, iskazuju u jeziku književnosti i pismenosti onog vremena.Imajući u vidu činjenicu da poetikom srednjovekovne književnosti dominira načelo žanra, a ne načelo autorstva, te da je upravo žanr najznačajniji faktor koji određuje šta će pisac reći o sebi i o svom životu, tragali smo za autobiografskim fragmentima u poveljama, poslanicama, zapisima i natpisima, i žitijima iz XIV veka.Budući da je osnovna karakteristika srednjovekovne autobiografske književnosti fragmentarnost (podaci koje autor ostavlja o sebi rasuti su u tekstovima različitih žanrova) jedan od osnovnih ciljeva našeg istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi kakva je veza autobiografskog fragmenta s glavnim tekstom. Takođe, kao svojevrstan autobiografski postupak, a u skladu s poetičkim načelima srednjovekovne književnosti, analizirali smo svaku inovativnu i originalnu upotrebu opštih mesta i biblijskih citata, ukazujući na široke mogućnosti uvođenja originalnog sadržaja u zadate obrasce.U naučnoj literaturi posvećenoj delima srpske srednjovekovne književnosti pojedinim tekstovima 14. veka pripisan je atribut ,,autobiografskog dela“, dok su neki čak označeni kao ,,prave autobiografije“ (npr. Ulijarska povelja pripisana kralju Milutinu i Reč Dušanova uz Zakonik). U nekim slučajevima, međutim, takvo atribuiranje je potpuno neopravdano, pa smo u radu pokušali revalorizovati uvrežena mišljenja.Konačno, jedan od ciljeva našeg istraživanja bio je da ustanovimo šta je osnovna funkcija autobiografskih fragmenata u delima srpske srednjovekovne književnosti: čuvanje od zaborava, oživljavanje prošlosti, ili, pak, piščevo predstavljanje sopstvenog religioznog i duhovnog razvoja? U svakom slučaju, na primeru srpskih spisa XIV veka pokazuje se da se autobiografski princip ne mora shvatiti isključivo kao princip samoiskazivanja, već i kao odraz duha epohe u objektivnom svedočanstvu pojedinca.<br>The problem of autobiographies and autobiographical texts in the medieval Serbian literature is complex and has not been researched enough scientifically. Although the interest in autobiographical texts in the old Serbian literature is not new, prior dealings with this topic only aimed at collecting and partly describing those texts, without attempting to systematically consider and interpret them in the context of Serbian and Byzantine literary tradition. What’s more, they almost always lack appropriate theoretical argumentation.In their definition of autobiography, contemporary theories emphasize the notions of identity, individuality and subjectivity. However, these notions require a thorough reconsideration in relation to the Middle Ages, when individuality was not recognized in today's sense of the word. Moreover, the Middle Ages present us with the individual afraid of their originality, afraid of being “themselves”.Thus, according to the medieval view of the world, the writer is just an “instrument” – God’s extended arm; he is the creator who will ascribe everything good, correct and true to the act of the Holy Spirit. On the other hand, he will be recognized as the author only in alterations and mistakes. Medieval writers use the topos of modesty to define themselves as “sinful”, “inadequate”, “unworthy”, “last of all”, and to admit their ignorance and incompetence to write about a specific topic. At first, the topos was constituted as an expression of monastic meekness, but in the 14th and 15th century this commonplace remained as an ordinary “decoration of literary nature”.However, even with individuality being the sin of vanity for the medieval person, it means neither that medieval artists were incapable of creating original works nor that the literary works from the Middle Ages lack any distinctiveness and creative approach. Although medieval authors did not aspire to their own expression but followed earlier established traditions in corresponding genres, their individual style can still be a matter of discussion. The individuality of an artist was reflected mainly in his inventiveness which he used to approach inherited habits and in the refinement of traditional devices.One of the basic assumptions of this research was that the social identity almost completely suppresses the personal identity in the Middle Ages, and that the medieval person was reduced to the function they had in the society, that is, that the right to write an autobiography in the Middle Ages was based on socially recognized importance. In addition, the proposition of most researchers that “cultural figures” is the most appropriate term for the medieval period is acknowledged in the research. This term signifies ideal types of human existence, which are, among other aspects, expressed in the language of literature and literacy of this era.Bearing in mind the fact that the poetics of medieval literature is dominated by the principle of genre rather than the principle of authorship and that the genre is the crucial factor when determining what the writer is going to say about himself and his life, the research focused on autobiographical fragments in charters, epistles, inscriptions and epitaphs, and hagiographies from the 14th century.Since fragmentariness is the central feature of medieval autobiographical literature (the facts which author leaves about himself are scattered in texts belonging to different genres), one of the primary aims of this research is to establish the quality of the connection between autobiographical fragments and the main text. In addition, every innovative and original use of topoi and biblical quotations has been analyzed as a particular autobiographical device in accordance with the poetical principles of medieval literature, highlighting a range of possibilities for the introduction of original contents into the given patterns.In the scholarly researches dedicated to the works of medieval Serbian literature, certain texts from the 14th century have been described as “autobiographical works” while some have even been designated as “real autobiographies” (e.g., Ulijarska Charter ascribed to King Milutin and Dusan’s Reč uz Zakonik). However, in some cases, such attribution is completely unjustified so this research has tried to revalue prevailing opinions.Finally, one of the aims of this research is to establish the basic function of autobiographical fragments in medieval Serbian literature and see if they were used to preserve memory, resurrect the past or allow the writer to present his own religious and spiritual development? In every case, taking the Serbian writings from 14th century as examples, it is shown that the autobiographical principle does not have to be understood only as the principle of self-expression, but as the reflection of the spirit of an era in an individual’s objective testimony.
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Amato, Carlos. "Weapons of mass provocation: The visual language of the political cartoon in the work of Zapiro and Ramirez, 2001-2005." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1786.
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Faculty of Humanities
School of Arts
0318400x
camato@mweb.co.za<br>This report contributes to the analysis of the visual language of the political cartoon by
comparing the work of the South African cartoonist Zapiro and the American cartoonist
Michael Ramirez since September 2001. The central topics investigated are the subjects’
contrasting approaches to the task of satirising incumbent domestic and foreign political
leaders, their treatment of paradox and ambiguity in subject matter, and the relationships
between iconographic and iconoclastic satirical modes in their work. The subjects’ technical
approaches to caricature are compared, with particular reference to their drawings of Thabo
Mbeki and George W. Bush, and their respective approaches to obituary cartoons are
contrasted. The main conclusion of the report is that Zapiro’s willingness and ability to
dramatise and accommodate conflicting historical narratives in his cartoons, and his capacity
to comment on the act of cartooned satire itself, are important reasons why he exploits and
expands the potential of the form to a greater degree than Ramirez does.
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Van, Wyk Helena. "The agenda-setting function of the ‘Jester’s Space ’: Zapiro’s Lady Justice cartoons." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5157.
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M.A.<br>Political satire in the print news media is a significant part of irony that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics. Jonathan Shapiro (alias Zapiro), and his Lady Justice cartoons of Jacob Zuma, which were published in the Sunday Times on 7 September 2008 and in the Mail & Guardian on 12 September 2008, has brought this function to the foreground in South Africa. This study focuses on the ‘Jester’s Space’ in the print media in relation to The Lady Justice cartoons because of their controversial nature and the possible effects they had on the print news media agenda. The goal of the study was to examine the debates that ensued in select print news media in Gauteng between 24 August 2008 and 31 December 2008. In order for the study to explore the role of the political cartoonist in the South African context, it considers the development of political cartooning globally and in South Africa. It draws on the Agenda-Setting theory. This theory postulates that the media audiences accept guidance from media for determining what information is most important and worthy of attention (Graber, 1984). This study makes use of qualitative and quantitative content analysis in order to analyse the Agenda-Setting function of the Lady Justice cartoons in selected Gauteng English and Afrikaans newspapers – chosen because they represent different media houses, which would ensure a range of editorial and public views. The study successfully shows that Zapiro’s cartoons were able both to frame and set the agenda for the debate themes that were discussed in the public sphere.