Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zapotecan'

En esta tesis se presenta un estudio, realizado en el marco del sistema educativo de Oaxaca (México), sobre el léxico y la problemática que supone la falta de terminología en la lengua zapoteca, una lengua nativa de México. Se concreta en las necesidades detectadas en la enseñanza de la geografía en la escuela primaria. Aborda el contexto de variación de la lengua zapoteca, así como la situación de la educación indígena en Oaxaca, con presencia del uso del español en las aulas y en los libros de texto de geografía, que son el repositorio de las unidades léxicas especializadas de este campo. En la tesis, se explora el léxico disponible en los diccionarios históricos del zapoteco y se analizan las reglas de formación de palabras del zapoteco, para proyectar una propuesta de construcción de neologismos y neónimos, que puedan aparecer en la docencia en geografía en la enseñanza primaria. Se realiza también un experimento de validación de la neología especializada o general propuesta por parte de un colectivo de hablantes. La tesis se fundamenta en la Teoría Comunicativa de la Terminología (TCT) (Cabré 1999), que establece las estrategias para trabajar las lenguas nativas en peligro de extinción, así como las estrategias para su desarrollo desde una aproximación lingüística.<br>Lo dzi’nguitsri zied ti guielwse’d, lew bxixhcua’ len xhquielwse’d wxhtiswse’d Là (Zguit), rgala wse’d grë di’dz ne guielnë ne rzac men ne runcse’d tsine guiende di’dzngan lo ditsë, xhti’dz mengoldo’ ne rgab Zguit. Rluw grë lia’dz ne rdziel lo guielwsed tsine le wse’dguidzliu rac lo grë xhquielwsed më’dwinglo. Rgala xa rac tsine dibeysedi ditsë rgab, ne xa nac guielwsed zatne rse’d më’dguiedz gdib lo Là, ne xa rac xhtsi’n dixhtil len grë yuwse’d ne xa rac xhtsi’n di’dzca len blagdodi’dz ne rac guielwsedguidzliu, lëw nac zatne rgab grë di’dzngando lo wsedri. Lo dzi’nguitsri, rac ti guielwguib dien xa nia didz ne bia’n lo guitsdi’dzdo chen mengol ne yo lo ditsë y ne rac ti guielwtsil dien xa nac guielnazdu di’dz len ditsë, tsin grienëz ti guielxatsa’ di’dzcub ne di’dzcubengan, ne gac guná dzi’n lo guielwse’dguidzliu ne rac guiel wse’d lo wse’dglo. Rac ti guielwti’xhow dien pe zlëb gacxhtsin di’dzcub zigne gne’ tibdi’ xawladz. Le dzinguitsri nazlu lo Guielwseddo Wsëdi’dz len Di’dzngando (GWD) (Cabré 1999), ne rne za gune tsine gacdzin lo didzwladz ne gaxh zo lo guielwziëb, ne za gac tsin chob didzca tsine raca wdi’dz lo guielwse’ddi’dz.<br>En aquesta tesi es presenta un estudi, realitzat en el marc del sistema educatiu de Oaxaca (México), sobre el lèxic i la problemàtica que suposa la manca de terminologia en la llengua zapoteca, una llengua nativa de Mèxic. Es concreta en les necessitats detectades en l’ensenyament de la geografia a l’escola primària. Aborda el context de variació de la llengua zapoteca, així com la situació de l’educació indígena a Oaxaca, amb presència de l’ús de l’espanyol a les aules i als llibres de text de geografia, que són el repositori de les unitats lèxiques especialitzades d’aquest àmbit. A la tesi, s’explora el lèxic disponible en els diccionaris històrics del zapoteco i s’hi analitzen les regles de formació de paraules del zapoteco, per a projectar una proposta de construcció de neologismes i neònims, que puguin aparèixer a la docència en geografia a l’ensenyament primària. S’hi realitza també un experiment de validació de la neologia especialitzada o general proposada per part d’un col·lectiu de parlants. La tesi es fonamenta en la Teoria Comunicativa de la Terminologia (TCT) (Cabré 1999), que estableix les estratègies per treballar les llengües nadives en perill d’extinció, així com les estratègies per al seu desenvolupament des d’una aproximació lingüística.<br>This thesis, within the framework of the educational system of Oaxaca (Mexico), studies the lexicon and the problem area which involves the lack of terminology in the Zapotec language, a native language of Mexico. Generally, it focuses on the detected needs of teaching geography in primary school. Specifically, it deals with the variation context in the Zapotec language, as well as the situation of indigenous education in Oaxaca, considering the use of Spanish in the classrooms and geography textbooks as the repository of the specialised lexical units of the field. The objective of this thesis is to map out a proposal for the construction of neologisms and neonyms which may appear in the context of teaching geography in primary education. For this purpose, the lexicon available in the Zapotec's historical dictionaries is explored and the rules of word formation of Zapotec are analysed. Besides, a validation experiment on the specialised or general neology proposed by a group of speakers is carried out. The thesis is based on the Communicative Theory of Terminology (CTT) (Cabré 1999) which establishes the strategies for working with the native languages in danger of extinction, as well as the strategies for their development from a linguistic approach.

Who uses the forage resources under a communal land tenure system? Using data from a Mexican Indian community with a history of communal land tenure extending prior to the Conquest, the research explores and attempts to answer this question. The analysis is based on 1970 socio-economic data for 533 households, secondary sources, and 1987 field observations in a community of Zapotec farmers in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. The factors influencing who uses the communal resources include livestock ownership, wealth ranking, migration history, and participation in the local labor market. Although all members of the community have the right to graze animals on the commons, only a fraction of the wealthier households exercise this right. Consequently grazing pressure is minimized (reduced) compared to the potential grazing pressure that otherwise would be exerted if all the members of the community were to exercise their rights to use the forage resources at the same time.

This dissertation documents the process of language shift from Zapotec to Spanish in urban Juchitan, a Zapotec community in southern Mexico. The work also analyzes the current strategies Juchitecos are developing to stop the replacement of their local language. The work first provides a sociohistorical overview of the community, which helps us to understand its current sociolinguistic situation. Oral and written materials, the ways in which ethnic symbols are manipulated, and the sociopolitical dimensions of the indigenous language are analyzed in order to elucidate the tensions that define the current bilingual situation of Juchitan. The work also addresses the broader aspect of language policies in Mexico, and shows how linguistic policies in the country have promoted the loss of the Mexican languages, and the replacement of Zapotec by Spanish. After describing how these linguistic policies negatively impacted the reproduction of the Zapotec language, the study presents some of the actions Juchiteco people are currently putting into practice in order to restore mother tongue transmission and reverse the process of language shift. The salient ethnic identity of JuchitAn is explored and helps to understand the linguistic profile of the community, as well as the current actions that are being developed towards the reversal of the Zapotec language shift. This study argues, following Fishman's theory, that the reproduction of the Zapotec language and an effective reversal of the language shift depend mostly on the speakers themselves and on the resources locally developed.

Subsistence maize production has long been a dominant economic activity of households in Santiago Apóstol, a Zapotec community in the Central Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. A baseline study from 1973 documents a regionally pervasive form of household level agriculture whereby cultivators prioritize land for subsistence maize above commercial crops. Since then, much has transformed the face of rural Mexico, including migration to the United States. Migration accelerated beginning in the 1970s as a response to government disinvestment in maize, but it may also be a new force of cultural and economic change impacting agriculture. The question arises, has migration modified longstanding subsistence agricultural practices centered on local varieties of rainfed maize? If not, what might explain the continuities and changes in agricultural practice observed? Ethnographic land use and maize consumption surveys among 19 migrant headed households conducted in Santiago Apóstol in the summer and winter of 2012 indicate that mean production of maize remains equivalent to that documented in the late 1960s, suggesting that migration has not engendered a generalized shift to commercial crops. Potential explanations for the persistent use of rainfed, local maize among migrant headed households are drawn from a mixed methods methodology involving triangulated analyses of household economic data, land tenure arrangements, perceptions of environmental change, participant observation, and archival research. Triangulated analyses allow speculation on linked human environmental changes in the landscape that may have reinforced use of a traditional, rainfed grain crop.

This study examines the reactions of the Serrano from Capulalpam in the Northern Sierra of Oaxaca, Mexico to the pressures of global capitalism. This is examined through the community responses to mining exploitation, which began in mid 19th century and which during the early years of the 21st century became linked to a concept of global business.Historical memory of indigenismo and mestizaje of the 20th century plays a major role in the configuration of collective identities in Capulalpam, which the community has used to claim full ownership of gold and silver. This mobilization of lived experiences of the past is examined through the role of the elders, former indigenous miners, and indigenous authorities who are the intermediaries between the community and the state. They have mobilized major local spaces of collective representation such as the agrarian and municipal jurisdictions, as well as the communal assembly, to challenge the federal government's granting of mining concessions to multinational corporations. Members of the community adjust discourses about community to novel circumstances.Consequences of mining on Capulalpam's key resources for survival such as depletion of aquifers, pollution of water and communal lands, as well as the extraction of gold and silver, are assessed through the language of collective possession of resources. Former indigenous miners have used the landscape to attach memories to reconstruct and assess changes in the environment occurred over time due to mining. Documentation of communal land possession forged through time, memories of elders about mining and experiences of community cargo carried out across generations are connected to international and national law for Capulalpam to claim its indigenous rights and its inclusion into the politics of allocation of subsoil resources.In claiming a historical possession of gold and silver, Capulalpam has undermined major ideologies shaped by cultural anthropology depicting indigenous culture as part of indigenous traditions untouched by time and history. Thus, this study contributes to the discussion of the politics of culture and power in which ethnicity, gender, nationalism and law are interlocked and formed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Resource Development, 2005.<br>Page 1 missing. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Dec. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-197). Also issued in print.

This thesis investigates the interaction between different prosodic patterns in Quiaviní Zapotec (Otomanguean), and accounts for them both at the phonetic and the phonological level. In it, I examine an array of complex patterns along multiple dimensions, including metrical structure, tone, and phonation types; as well as how these patterns interact with the fortis/lenis distinction, and syllable structure. Within the framework of Optimality Theory, my analysis sheds light on the phonetics-phonology interface and emphasizes the need for a theory with moraic structure. This dissertation presents the first thorough phonetic documentation of the prosody of Quiaviní Zapotec. It makes a significant empirical contribution by providing descriptive generalizations of vowel and consonant length, a reanalysis of tone as contrastive in Quiaviní Zapotec, and a new approach to the study of the four-way phonation contrast in this language — modal /a/, breathy /a̤/, creaky /a̰/ and interrupted /aʔ/ vowels — (cf. Munro & Lopez, 1999). In addition, this research makes significant contributions to phonological theory, with regards to both segmental and prosodic phenomena. Within an emergent feature approach, I revisit the fortis/lenis distinction, which crosscuts the obstruent-sonorant contrast in Quiaviní Zapotec. I analyze it as a composite of language-specific phonological and phonetic properties, encoded with the feature [+/-fortis]. Adding to the typology of syllable weight, fortis consonants are analyzed as moraic in coda position, but among them, only fortis sonorants may bear tone alongside vowels (i.e. *[-SON][TONE] ‘No tones on obstruents’). Furthermore, I show specific timing patterns for the phonetic implementation of tonal and laryngeal features. Quiaviní Zapotec exhibits compatibility of contrasts; compromise of phonological features (e.g. tonal contrasts are cued during modal phonation, followed by breathiness or laryngealization); or complete incompatibility, which translates into phonemic gaps. This distribution is formalized in terms of markedness interaction and grounded constraints (e.g. ‘If [+spread glottis], then Low tone’, accounting for the absence of high tone with breathy vowels). Overall, the thesis analyzes the minimal prosodic word in Quiaviní Zapotec (a bimoraic foot) as the domain where the full array of tonal and phonation type contrasts takes place, and illustrates particular mechanisms by which phonetic factors shape phonology.

During prehispanic times (1250 B.P. - 1521 A.D), Mesoamerica was the most powerful nation in the entire America continent. One of the most important ethnic groups was the Zapotecs located in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Their history started in those days and it has not ended. The ancient Zapotec gave human femora from the dead special treatments. This thesis seeks to understand the cultural meaning of human femora within ancient Zapotec belief systems, especially the cultural meaning when special treatment of femora was involved in mortuary rituals and practices long after the death of the individual. To understand when this practice began, who did it, why they did it, and what was the significance of human femora for the Zapotecs, it was necessary to know where those femora came from, from ancestors or captives. This research included bioanthropological methodologies considering sex, age and minimum number of individuals, to determine if this practice had a pattern, and also observations on whether human femora had cultural and natural taphonomic modifications. The data were collected from publications from Lambityeco, Mitla, Monte Albán and San Miguel Albarradas, Oaxaca. The results demonstrated that ancient Zapotecs used ancestors' remains as part of their rituals, particularly the femur. Therefore we still lack any bioanthropological evidence for Zapotecs taking human captives.

The ancient Zapotec city of Monte Albán, occupied from approximately 500 BC to 850 AD, was prehispanic Oaxaca´s largest and most important urban centre. The zooarchaeological material considered in the study dates from the Late Preclassic (400 BC-200 AD) and Early Classic (200-500 AD) periods, when growth and consolidation of Monte Albán took place. The main topic is related to the subsistence, which allowed the survival of the elite. Other uses of the taxa apart from food were also taken into account such as ritual, symbolic and functional ones. The faunal remains were found in association both with elite households, and with some public spaces near the Main Plaza. The study showed that animals were used in different activities within private and public spaces of the elite, including food processing, consumption and discarding. Some other taxa were also appreciated for their symbolic meaning and functioned as status symbols. According to the identification of the faunal bones not only domestic species such as dog and turkey were part of the diet, but wild animals were also represented by white-tailed deer, peccary and lagomorphs. Occasionally, species including fish and turtles were obtained from the rivers near Monte Albán. Faunal assemblages were probably the product of both daily activities and feasts. Subsistence patterns were detected during different periods of time and areas. The diet of Monte Albán inhabitants was discussed and compared to evidence from contemporary elite societies in the Valley of Oaxaca and Mesoamerica, such as the Mayas and Teotihuacanos.

Dans cette thèse, notre objectif est l’étude des relations entre espace et pouvoir chez les Huaves et les Zapotèques vivant dans la région côtière du sud de l’Isthme de Tehuantepec, au Mexique. À partir des résultats de recherches de terrain menées dans huit villages, associées à l’étude de leurs archives agraires, nous enquêtons sur les stratégies territoriales que chaque localité met en œuvre pour établir entre elles différentes frontières – physiques, sociales, identitaires –. Émerge alors une anthropologie des lieux, des rapports de forces et des conflits, à travers lesquels nous tentons de déchiffrer les perceptions et les représentations de l’espace, ainsi que la façon dont celui-ci constitue un support d’identification et de pouvoir. En analysant les lieux, surgit la nécessité de remonter le temps et de replacer les luttes pour la domination de cet espace dans l’histoire politique régionale et nationale. Le pouvoir et l’hégémonie régionale ont été principalement détenus par les Zapotèques depuis le XIXeme siècle. Leur mobilisation politique, leur autorité, ainsi que la reproduction de leur identité, se sont construites sur la base de luttes pour le contrôle d’espaces et de ressources naturelles stratégiques. Les conflits relatifs à ces espaces constituent l’axe de compréhension des ruptures, des motifs d’alliances et des affrontements entre les élites régionales, les groupes et les villages. À travers cette analyse, la région se révèle alors sous plusieurs angles et dans sa complexité, en tant qu’expérience à la fois commune et différente pour chaque collectivité. Se révèle également une géopolitique des lieux où se cristallisent et s'illustrent des relations complexes, des enchâssements d’affiliations ethniques, de classe, de familles, de culture et d’appartenance politique<br>This thesis examines the connections between power and geographic space in respect of the Huave and Zapotec peoples living in the Southern Oaxaca's Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico. From fieldwork information collected in eight villages and review of their agrarian archives, the study investigates the land strategies that these counties have developed to establish their respective frontiers, whether physical, social, or identity-related. In doing so, the study presents an anthropological view of geographical spaces, power forces and conflicts, and explains the perception and the representation of geographical space, and how land can be a support for identity and dominance. The research continues with a look into history, since it was thus shown that conflicts for domination of the land are closely linked to national and regional political history. Zapotecs have largely held power and dominance in the Region since the 19th century. Their political mobilisation, their authority and their sense of identity were built as a result of fights over to the control of land and strategic natural resources. The study of these conflicts is the key to understand the establishment or breaking of alliances or fights between local elites, groups or villages. Through this analysis, the thesis shows that the various local counties have been experienced altogether identical and very different situations; this illustrating the complexity and the various viewpoints that one can take on the region. The thesis also presents a geopolitical presentation of the territory, in which the complex layers of ethnical, social, family, culture and political relationships are highlighted

This article explores the beginnings of Mesoamerican civilization (meaning the origins of institutionalized, hereditary inequality, rank societies, and chiefdoms) during the Early Formative period (1900-100 BC). Before one can identify the processes of socio-political evolution it is first necessary to identify concrete examples of societies, and their attributes, which underwent this transformation. I outline data for six Mesoamerican cases of the shift from egalitarian societies to chiefdoms. Four of them are from the Tropical lowlands (Paso de la Amada, San Lorenzo, Puerto Escondido, and Cahal Pech), and two are from the Mexican Highlands (Tlapacoya and San José Mogote).<br>Este artículo trata acerca de los inicios de la civilización en Mesoamérica, es decir, los orígenes de la complejidad social, las desigualdades hereditarias institucionalizadas, las sociedades diferenciadas por rangos y las jefaturas durante el Periodo Formativo Temprano (c. 1900-100 a.C.). Antes de que se puedan discernir los procesos de evolución sociopolítica, primero es necesario identificar ejemplos concretos de sociedades, y sus atributos correspondientes, que experimentaron esa transformación. Aquí se resaltan los datos de seis casos del cambio de sociedades igualitarias a jefaturas de Mesoamérica: cuatro de tierras bajas tropicales (Paso de la Amada, San Lorenzo, Puerto Escondido y Cahal Pech) y dos de la sierra de México (Tlapacoya y San José Mogote).

This report presents a classification of the verbs of Zenzontepec Chatino (ZEN) based on which allomorphs of the aspect markers they select. The selection of aspect markers is determined by the semantics of the verbs, derivational morphology, and phonological factors. Before now, aspect marking in Chatino has proven opaque because previously documented varieities have undergone considerable phonological and morphological reduction, wiping out some of the earlier patterns. ZEN, on the other hand, is conservative in this respect. There are three verb classes, each with a few sub-classes, and they line up well with the verb classes that Kaufman (1993) has proposed for Proto-Zapotec. In addition to describing the verb class system for ZEN in synchronic terms, this study provides insight into the Proto-Zapotecan verb class system and documents in Chatino several derivational morphemes reconstructed for Proto-Zapotec, proving that they are of Proto-Zapotecan vintage.<br>text

The dissertation is a basic description of segmental phonology, tone, and the functions of tone in the San Juan Quiahije (SJQ) variety of Eastern Chatino. Chatino languages are spoken in the southern part of Oaxaca, Mexico. Chatino languages form a subgroup that is coordinate with the Zapotec languages in the Zapotecan family of the Otomanguean linguistic stock. The dissertation focuses on the sound system of SJQ Chatino, its system of tones, and the lexical, morphological, and syntactic functions of the tone system. SJQ Chatino is of special interest because it is a Chatino variety that has reduced nearly all historic simple stems to monosyllables, leaving behind complex consonant clusters; it has an exceptionally large tone system and complex system of tonal sandhi; the tones mark significant grammatical contrasts in addition to lexical units; and tone sandhi is significant in cuing syntactic and discourse structure. This description starts with an introduction to the language, its language family, a typological overview, a brief history of my fieldwork, and the methodology undertaken in this study. The work then describes the segmental phonology, including syllable structure and the distribution of the consonant and vowel phonemes, and the tones and tone sandhi, arguing for a system of fourteen contrastive tones at the lexical level. The work then turns to the functions of tone, including the restrictions on the lexical tone system according to the part of speech, with special emphasis on numeral words; the use of tone in marking possessor person and number in inalienably possessed nouns, and in marking aspect and subject person and number in verb; and tone in Spanish loan words. The description and analysis of these aspects of Quiahije Chatino is based on data gathered through elicitation and oral texts as well as my own intuitions as a native speaker of SJQ Chatino.<br>text

This dissertation is an analysis of aspects of the phonology and morphology of Zenzontepec Chatino (ISO 639-3: czn), a Zapotecan (Otomanguean) language spoken in a remote area of Oaxaca, Mexico (16°32"N, 97°30"W). There are an estimated 8,000 speakers of the language, but its vitality is weakening due to accelerating shift to Spanish. The phonological analysis begins with the segmental inventory. After that, the autosegmental contrasts are treated, with the highlight being the tone system. The tone bearing unit is the mora, which may bear high tone /H/, mid tone /M/, or no tone Ø. In tone systems with a three-way contrast, the unspecified category is usually the mid-level one. Therefore, Zenzontepec Chatino is typologically unusual in this respect. Special chapters are devoted to phonotactics and phonological processes, including a play language of "speaking backwards" that sheds light on crucial phonological questions, such as the status of glottalization and the limits of prosodic domains. There are also chapters on special topics in phonology: regional variation, Spanish loanwords, and sound symbolism. Another chapter bridges the phonology and the morphology, defining and comparing the phonological word versus the grammatical word, and outlining the basic morphological building blocks: roots, affixes, clitics, and particles. After that, lexeme classes are defined using morphosyntactic criteria, providing a syntactic sketch of the language. The language is strongly head-marking with somewhat agglutinating and synthetic morphology. Another chapter gives an overview of verbal morphology, which is the locus of most of the language's morphology. The dissertation is the beginning of a full descriptive grammar and is part of a larger project to document Zenzontepec Chatino, complementing a dictionary and a documentary text corpus recorded in the community with native speakers. The theoretical approach is one in which the language is explored as much as possible on its own terms using naturalistic textual data supplemented by lexicographic and elicited material. The analysis is not bound by any formal framework, but it is informed by socio-cultural and diachronic considerations. It is situated in a typological perspective to offer more of a contribution to the scientific understanding of the structure of human language.<br>text

The verb in a Chatino language bears a value for Aspect (a grammatical category of Zapotecan verbs which indicates a bundle of aspectual and modal features), marked with a prefix, a tonal change, or both. There is a moderate amount of allomorphy among the Aspect prefixes, and when verbs of Tataltepec Chatino are grouped according to in which particular forms a given verb’s Aspect prefix appears, generalizations about the verbs can be made. For example, verbs with one set of allomorphs are are generally transitive; verbs with another set are generally intransitive, and so on. Attempts to meaningfully classify the verbs of contemporary Tataltepec Chatino are complicated by the effects of a few incomplete processes, such as the syncopation of historically disyllabic roots. To overcome this difficulty, a more conservative form of Tataltepec Chatino was constructed from an analysis of the lexical entries of a bilingual dictionary published in 1970 and from my own field notes. This pre-1970 Tataltepec Chatino shows the Aspect prefixes quite clearly and allows for a ready classification of the verbs. When the verb classes which can be identified for Tataltepec Chatino are compared to those found for other Chatino languages, we can see the development of several subclasses being brought about by various morphophonemic processes, such as the syncopation of Aspect prefix vowels, the deletion of similar consonants, and the merger of coronal and velar stops before laterals. This verb classification also corroborates those undertaken for Zenzontepec Chatino and the Eastern Chatino of San Marcos Zacatepec, as this verb classification scheme is largely in concord with them or if not, convincing explanations of Tataltepec Chatino’s deviance can be found.<br>text

This report analyzes the phonology of Betaza Zapotec, a language within the linguistic family of the Otomanguean languages of Mesoamerica that is spoken in northern Oaxaca, Mexico. The first part of this report describes the consonants of the language; the second part focuses on the vowel system; and the third section describes the suprasegmentals; tone and stress. I support my claims about the phonological system in Betaza Zapotec using data collected during the Summer of 2008 in San Melchor, Betaza Villa Alta, Oaxaca. I analyze the phonetic properties of the consonants, vowels and tones using spectrograms obtained through Praat, software for phonetic analysis. I consider the fortis/lenis opposition inherent in the consonants rather than using the traditional classification of voiced/voiceless consonants. The tone system in Betaza Zapotec involves four contrastive tones: high, low, falling, and rising. In addition there is a phonetic mid-tone which is a toneme of the high tone.<br>text

archives@tulane.edu<br>This dissertation investigates the site of El Tesoro, Hidalgo, Mexico during the Early Classic period Chingú phase (A.D. 200-500). Archaeological evidence, including material culture and burials, has previously indicated that this site was settled by a group of people with affiliations both to Teotihuacan, in the Basin of Mexico, and the Valley of Oaxaca, the Zapotec homeland in southern Mexico. I argue that the Chingú-phase occupation of El Tesoro is best understood as a creolized community of Zapo-Teotihuacanos that were likely related to members of the Oaxaca Barrio of Teotihuacan who migrated into southern Hidalgo during Teotihuacan’s expansion into that region. Evidence to support this argument comes from a variety of datasets presented herein, including: qualitative and quantitative analysis of ceramic attributes, artifact distribution and spatial patterning, ceramic compositional and provenance studies, and inter-site burial comparative analysis. Ceramic attribute analysis showed that El Tesoro’s potters recreated vessels from the Valley of Oaxaca, although with some divergence in style, and from Teotihuacan, but that they also created new, hybridized vessels that combined elements from both traditions. Artifact distribution maps indicated that Zapotec-style and Teotihuacan-style pottery overlapped throughout the site, suggesting that these vessels were used by the same people and in the same contexts, possibly side-by-side and interchangeably. X-ray diffraction and neutron activation analysis conducted on a sample of sherds recovered from surface collection at El Tesoro indicate that Zapotec-style and Teotihuacan-style pottery vessels were constructed on local clays, using similar past recipes. Finally, comparison between mortuary practices at El Tesoro and two locations in Teotihuacan, the Oaxaca Barrio and La Ventilla B, supported the results of the ceramic analysis, showing a hybridization of burial traditions at El Tesoro that replicated aspects of typical Teotihuacan and Zapotec burials, but in a novel way. Based on these datasets and analyses, I argue that the Chingú-phase population at El Tesoro should be considered a creolized group with affiliations both to Teotihuacan and the Valley of Oaxaca, and that they likely settled in southern Hidalgo during Teotihuacan’s expansion into that region and are an offshoot population of the Oaxaca Barrio of Teotihuacan.<br>1<br>Haley Holt Mehta

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4748. Adviser: David C. Grove. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-182) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Teotepec Chatino is a Zapotecan language of the Otomanguean stock, spoken in the Southeastern Sierra Madre, in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Although other varieties of the Chatino language family have been described - Panixtlahuaca (Pride, 1963; Pride and Pride, 2004), Yaitepec (Rasch, 2002), Quiahije (Cruz, E, 2004; Cruz, E. et al., 2008), Tataltepec (Pride and Pride, 1970; Pride, 1984), Zacatepec (Villard, 2008), Zenzontepec (Campbell, 2009; Carleton, 2000) - there are no previous descriptions of Teotepec Chatino. Among the many interesting features of Teotepec Chatino is an inventory of twelve lexical tones. These tones distinguish between lexical items and have grammatical func- tions. The basic word order is VSO, however the language exhibits the alternative orders of SVO and OVS. These orders have specific semantic and pragmatic functions. The language has aspectual prefixes and some derivational patterns. There is verbal and nominal com- pounding which plays an important role in the formation of complex concepts. Animate direct objects are optionally marked by 7įᴿ ‘to’. The presence or absence of this marker with nominal constituents encodes whether an object is alienably or inalienably possessed. Teotepec Chatino has a vigesimal number system - a common areal feature of other languages in the region. There is a complex set of motion verbs that encode spatial orientation and reference. There are several constructions that result in complex sentences. These include relative clauses, complement clauses, adverbial clauses and conjunctions. There are a number of interesting temporal adverbs that are used to define different time events. The description and analysis of these aspects of Teotepec Chatino is based on data gathered through elicitation and oral texts. This work is a preliminary sketch of the language and should not be considered exhaustive.<br>text

This thesis will discuss the factors that lead to language shift from Zapotec to Spanish in San Jerónimo Tlacochahuaya (SJT), and the challenges faced by language revitalization efforts that have emerged in the home and migrant communities. Today hundreds of Indigenous languages are widely spoken across the Americas; however, in the last century an increasing amount of language shift to the nation-state language has taken place in many Indigenous communities. In the Zapotec community of San Jerónimo Tlacochahuaya (SJT), located in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca, about 40% of the town’s population currently speaks Zapotec. However, the majority of speakers within this percentage are elders and adults. This means that the transmission of the Zapotec language to children has declined while Spanish language socialization has increased and is now the norm. Due to socioeconomic factors and neoliberal reforms in Mexico, many community members have migrated to other Mexican states and the United States which has furthered removed Zapotec speakers from the home community. The data for this research is based on 28 open-ended interviews with elders, adults, youth, children, and language activists and participant observation in SJT during the summer of 2013. I argue that the public education implemented by the Post-Revolutionary Mexican state in Tlacochahuaya during the 1930s influenced a language shift to Spanish. Many of those who had a negative schooling experience during this era, which prohibited and punished the use of the Zapotec language in the classroom, choose to raise their children with Spanish. In SJT from 2009-2011 Zapotec tutoring lessons for children were offered by a retired teacher, and since March 2013 migrants residing in Los Angeles, CA have been uploading Zapotec language tutorials on YouTube. Although there is awareness of language loss, I argue that these efforts have been hindered by the absence of a healing process regarding negative schooling experiences and dismantling the language ideologies that continue to devalue the Zapotec language. This case study contributes to the literature of languages shift and revitalization by suggesting that both home and migrant communities have crucial roles in Indigenous language maintenance.<br>text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1990.<br>Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 528-561).

This thesis is a case study about three textile cooperatives made up of women from three indigenous ethnic groups in the Mexican state of Oaxaca: Galvain Cuy (Zapotecs, Teotitlán del Valle community), Jiñi Ñuu (Mixtecs, San Juan Colorado community) and Kee Nshií (Chatino people, Santiago Yaitepec community). Together with other Oaxaca handcraft cooperatives, these are connected with the community firm Color y Cultura, which looks after the sales and promotion of their products. This paper maps the cooperative work of the indigenous women who are involved in handcrafted textile production in the above-mentioned three communities, and how the umbrella firm Color y Cultura residing in Oaxaca de Juárez operates. It examines how these women perceive the cooperative business model and the Color y Cultura community firm, which they are connected with, as well as the advantages and weaknesses of this model of a work organisation. It also treats their ethnic self- perception in relation to their actual handcraft work and the promotion thereof. The membership in Color y Cultura makes it possible for the women in the cooperatives studied to avoid dealing with a middleman thanks to its brick and mortar shop in Oaxaca. This brings them a higher profit, creative freedom and direct contact with the customer....

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2006.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2627. Author's first name misspelled on cover as "Jaquline." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-251).