Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zār – Afrique du Nord-Est'
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Pelizzari, Elisa. "Possession et thérapie : analyse comparée du culte saar, Somalie." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0074.
Full textThis thesis presents some anthropological data concerning a family of spirit possession cults, the saar one (mingis, boorane or sheekh xussen, lumbi, sharax and wadaaddo). These cults are widespread among cushitic-speaking people of somalia, north-eastern kenya and southern ethiopia (somali and oromo) and among the "lowcaste" groups of central somalia (jareer, boon and reer-manyo). The study is centred on the cults origin myths, on the ritual practices and beliefs about spirits (saar or zar), and on possession as an individual experience. In fact, according to local traditions, illnesses and misfortunes are believed to be caused by the saar (or zar). These spirits are appeased ceremonially by specific sacrificial acts. During her inquieres the author has met the leaders who organize the ritual-setting and their patients (still living in their own countries or abroad, in exile)
Bouakaze-Khan, Didier. "L'art rupestre de la corne de l'Afrique : étude globale dans son contexte archéologique et anthropologique : modèle d'interprétation." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010558.
Full textLesur, Joséphine. "Exploitation de la diversité faunique et début du pastoralisme dans la corne de l'Afrique à l'Holocène : première approche archéozoologique régionale." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010561.
Full textMashimango, Abou-Bakr Abélard. "Transnationalisme éthnique, états et conflits armés : approches sociopolitiques de la bellicité dans la Corne de l'Afrique : 1961-2006." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_matray_m.pdf.
Full textWars present a causal chain which introduces the question of the ethnicity and the formation of the State-nation. The conflicts in the Horn of Africa today are part of this register of the identity wars with international and transnational confrontations. Indeed, studying the phenomenon of contemporary African wars requires a historical, sociological and political analysis based on a multidisciplinary approach of polemology and a geopolitical culture which, at the same time, lead to the colonial and postcolonial African studies. It involves building a deepen reflection of the wars in the contemporary international system, while insisting on several units of analysis and, especially, the political sociology of various actors to overcome the common and simplified sense expressed by some conception to explain the nature of the wars which prevail in Horn of Africa. The interdependence between the national, the international and the transnational aspects proves the meaning to set reference marks. Our study focuses on the fundamentals aspects of the transnationalism approach, the theory of the ethnicity, the conflict studies and geopolitics
Balossa, Gaston. "Corne de l'Afrique : zone conflictuelle : un examen des origines du conflit somalo-éthiopien et ses conséquences." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010268.
Full textGhebresillasie, Girma. "Kalter Krieg am Horn von Afrika : Regional-Konflikte : Äthiopien und Somalia in Spannungsfeld der Supermächte 1945-1991 /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412893389.
Full textAbdi, Houssein Mohamed. "Exil et écriture dans la littérature de la Corne de l'Afrique." Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL001.
Full textNtiharirizwa, Seconde. "Le potentiel en ressources minérales du Burundi, nord-est de la ceinture orogénique Kibarienne, Afrique centre-orientale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30282/30282.pdf.
Full textSebagenzi, Mwene Ntabwoba. "Etude gravimetrique et geothermique du sud-est du zaire et du nord de la zambie (afrique centrale)." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077305.
Full textSijilmassi, Fath'Allah. "Les relations économiques entre l'Union européenne et le Maghreb : le libre échange est-il la solution ?" Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21050.
Full textChazot, Gilles. "Evolution géochimique du magmatisme cénozoïque au Yemen : interactions entre le rift mer Rouge - Aden et le point chaud Afar." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10005.
Full textPinauldt, Géraldine. "L'or vivant des Somali : des frontières, des troupeaux et des hommes face à la mondialisation des normes : un regard géopolitique sur les exportations de bétail de la Corne de l'Afrique." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084124.
Full textBetween 1998 and 2009, Horn of Africa's main livestock importer, Saudi Arabia, imposed a ban on its livestock for sanitary reasons. Since 1991, all the states of the Horn of Africa underwent major territorial and political changes. Livestock trade being one of the main income source, it is an issue for direct or indirect territorial control at different scales. Somaliland, who disunited from Somalia in 1991, is a central element of this commercial system. Its port Berbera is used as an outlet for 80% of the exported livestock. With the introduction of new sanitary standards, and since Somaliland's very existence lies in opposition to persistent geopolitical representations, livestock trade becomes a tool used to destabilize Somaliland. Meanwhile, the introduction of those standards grants Ethiopia access to international fundings which can be used either to rebalance its territory to the east or to increase an unequal development which takes its roots in its stormy history with the Somali world. Globalisation of sanitary standards leads to new trade requirements whereas state regulations and territorial control have not yet been achieved in the region. The point of this thesis is to show how the requirements/constraints become tools that in turn serve geopolitical strategies born from sociospatial representations. Mobile Somali livestock traders' networked sociability enables them to keep a grip on the trade and its geopolitical translations. Acting as ties connecting the territories and the scales, the traders provide an understanding to the complex regional problematics
Kinana, Essaid. "Les relations inter-arabes : les rapports Maroc-Machrek." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10040.
Full textSeveral factors relating to common language, history and civilization link Morocco to Machrek and beyond, to the whole Arab community. This moral linking-up was made tangible by independent Morocco's adhering to the league of Arab states (institutional expression of the Arab world's unity). Within this organization in fact, Morocco was to lay down the main lines of its Arab policy, earmarked by great moderation. Such policy, as well, found, at the Arab summit conferences, the ideal framework for making its dynamic action tangible of Moroccan diplomacy within the Arab system. However, if its multilateral relations (permanent and intermittent) with the whole Arab world have been inspiring its bilateral relations, noticeably with the states of the Arab middle-east, other factors have been intervening to Orientale the latter. Among these factors, the analysis of internal determinators has been stressed linked to tensions within the Moroccan political system and this in relation to the country's territorial integrity. The impact of these factors on the orientation of morocco-Machrek bilateral political relations (and in a general way on Moroccan foreign policy) has been conclusive. Such orientations have had very real repercussions on the cultural, economic and financial relations between morocco and each of the states in the region. The evolution of these relations and their future have been examined on the level of the second part of the present study
Dubar, Christine. "Éléments de paléohydrologie de l'Afrique Saharienne : les dépôts quaternaires d'origine aquatique du Nord-Est de l'Aïr (Niger, PALHYDAF site 3)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112405.
Full textIntegrated in the context of the PALHYDAF program (PALaeoHYDogy of AFrica), the study of lake deposits lie in closed depressions along the northeastern margin of the Aïr mountains aims to a precise reconstitution of the Pleistocène and Holocene environments, for a better understanding of climatic oscillations in the Saharo-Sahelian border zone. The basic material for this research work consists of sediment samples collected by auger drilling or at natural outcrops ln four endoreic basins (17-2l°N, 8-ll°E), with different kinds of water supply (groundwater, surface water). A multidisciplinary study (sedimentology, geochemistry, isotopic geochemisty, palaeobiology) of the collected samples has provided detailed information about the palaeoenvironment such as, for example, variations in the rate of evaporation and their influence on the water salinity. In some favorable cases it's possible to reconstruct the fluctuation curve of Holocene lake levels. A comparison of the results from different sites shows that the Holocene period comprises a major humid phase which starts about 10000-9500 years BP and reaches a maximum 8000 years BP. This phase seems to end around 7500 years BP. In some of the basins another humid phase is observed approximately 5000 years BP. Concerning the Pleistocene period there is probably excess of water from 13- 12000 years BP, at least in the basins supplied by surface run-off (Adrar Bous). As regards more ancient conditions,analysis have shown that the calcite was diagenetic. Consequently, carbonate 14C ages (20-35000 years BP) reflect fluctuations ln the groudwater level and not the original age of the deposit. This conclusion is of great importance as it questions former age of the Upper Pleistocene period,"the humid phase 25-35000 years BP earlier recognized in the Sahellan zone, and the resulting palaeoclimatic scenarios. Several datations by Th/U suggest that the original age of the fluvio-lacustrine episode is dated around 90000 years
Thiollet, Hélène. "Migrations et intégrations dans le sud de la mer Rouge : migrants et réfugiés érythréens au Soudan, au Yémen et en Arabie Saoudite 1991-2007." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0055.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the role played by migrants and refugee from Eritrea in the evolution of international relations in the Arab world and on the political transformations in the countries of origin and the countries of asylum and immigration. Starting with individual itineraries and collective mobilization within diasporic communities, we describe the sociological functioning of migration networks around the Red sea. We compare this sociology of Eritrean migrations to the strategies and management devices used by States, governmental and inter-governmental organizations to control fluxes and diasporic communities. We reckon that migration policies and integration policies fail considering the resilience of the social and political processes favoring mobility and settlement of Eritrean abroad in the Arab world. We claim that mobility itself is a factor of political change in a context of low institutionnal integration and that migration, through social and informal way, provokes crucial political transformations at the national and regional level
CAMARA, SALOUM MOHAM. "La mauritanie et le maghreb : evolution des relations de 1970 a 1989." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010283.
Full textMauritania, turning point state between black africa and white africa, had been admitted in the 70s as full member in the arabian maghreb. In this entirety, where unity comes under the field of illusion, mauritania to have a successful integration has to privilege the construction of a modern state and the valorization of bilateral relations. However, mauritania, because of its procnastication reinforced by the western sahara war, never had managed a self-governing foreign policy in relation to algeria an marocco
Hassan, Ali-Ganta Adawa. "Des sociétés en situation coloniale : la côte française des Somalis (1862-1946)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10109.
Full textKaparay, Christian Kakule. "Finance populaire et développement durable en Afrique au sud du Sahara : application à la région Nord-Est de la République démocratique du Congo /." Louvain-la-Neuve : Univ. Catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/543415260.pdf.
Full textIye, Ali Moussa. "Le Pouvoir du verbe et la force de la loi : étude du "Xeer", contrat socio-politique des pasteurs Issas." Grenoble 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE21015.
Full textThe object of this research that can be situated in the context of the work concerning the cuchitic populations of the horn of africa in general and the somali people in particular is the study of the "xeer issa" - the socio-political contract of the issas - the issas tribe is one of the bigest somali tribal groups they have founded what was called the "pastoral democraty" - this work describes and analysises for the first time the structures of the penal law and the political constitution of the issas tribe confederation united by the "xeer" - this study tries to explain the specificity of that contract by localising the issa people in their human, geo-physical and his- torical environnement : the horn of africa -
Bendaoud, El Amine. "Les marnes et marno-calcaires du nord-est algerien : caracteristiques et comportement en construction routiere." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0115.
Full textBarrat, Jean-Alix. "Génèse des magmas associés à l'ouverture d'un domaine océanique : géochimie des laves du Nord-Est de l'Afar (Mer Rouge-Afar) et d'Arabie." Rennes 1, 1991. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594559.
Full textRavel, Anthony. "Origine et radiation des chiroptères modernes : implication des faunes paléogènes d’Afrique du Nord et d'Asie du Sud." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20200/document.
Full textIn nature today, the order Chiroptera is one of the most diversified placental mammalian groups. The particularity of bats is their ability to fly and to echolocate, two key adaptations which allow them to migrate over long distances and to colonize exclusive ecological niches. The initial radiation of bat, described as explosive, involves primitive Eocene families that are found in all continents except Antarctica. Almost simultaneously, several representatives of the two main modern groups of chiroptera (i.e., Rhinolophoidea and Vespertilionoidea) occur in the late Early – early Middle Eocene of Tunisia (Chambi). The scarcity of fossil material for Paleogene bats raises many questions about the early evolutionary history of modern forms. This study incorporates new bat fossil faunas from several fieldwork campaigns in North Africa and South Asia. The fossiliferous localities include those of the Early – Middle Eocene of Tunisia (Chambi), Algeria (El Kohol and Glib Zegdou), and China (Shanghuang). Different systematic and cladistic analyses, carried out on fossil material principally made up of isolated teeth, allow us to highlight the modalities of the radiation of the first modern microbats. These new faunas reveal seven modern families of bats (Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, Hipposideridae, Necromantidae, Emballonuridae, Nycteridae, Philisidae and Vespertilionidae) and also a primitive form from the Early Eocene of El Kohol that is the oldest representative of the order in Africa. A phylogenetic approach highlights two major axes of dispersion that took place during the Middle Eocene: one East-West from East Asia towards Europe, the second one North-South from North Africa to Europe. The study of dental morphology, size and taphonomy provide us with a better grasp on the paleoecological context of these modern Paleogene microbats. The tropical or subtropical paleoclimatic conditions probably favoured the proliferation of insects that constituted an abundant resource for mostly insectivorous bats. But such richness, sometimes very localized as in Chambi, would also have led to strong interspecific competition, which was probably an important factor for the events of radiation and dispersion
Dawelbeit, Mohammedahmed Eltahir Ahmed. "Evolution sédimentaire et climatique du Kordofan (Soudan) au quaternaire supérieur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU022/document.
Full textThis study is conducted in the Kordofan region, central-southern Sudan. The study area is bounded by longitudes 28° 00' and 31° 00' E, and latitudes 11° 30' and 15°00' N and covers an area of about 125835 km2. The Kordofan region is located at the southern end of the present-day Sahara. Late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in Kordofan, recorded sedimentary discontinuities that probably reflect climatic fluctuations during the latest Quaternary. 14C dating and some archeological findings have been used to date the latest Pleistocene-Holocene succession. In the investigated sections, four stratigraphic units have been recognized, which exhibit eight sedimentological facies.The first unit is older that ≈ 10 ky BP and is formed of mottled sandstone or siltstone facies of aeolian origin. The second unit (≈ 10 to 6 ky BP) comprises palustrine and lacustrine facies in the central and northern parts, and fluviatile facies in the South. The third unit ranges from ≈ 6 to 3 ky BP and is restricted to the southern part; it is made of aoelian deposits intercalated with fluviatile or flood plain facies. The fourth unit is younger than 1000 y BP, and is dominated by aeolian red sandstone in the North, and by flood plain facies to the South. Between ≈ 6 and 1 ky BP in the North and between ≈ 3 and 1 ky BP in the South, no deposits are recorded. This hiatus is marked by deflation surfaces in the North, and is interpreted as a period of strong aeolian activity, which prevented deposition, or even eroded part of the sediments deposited between 6 and 3 ky BP.Several proxies (sedimentology, gastropod sub-fossil shells, pollens, stable isotopes, major element chemistry, clay mineralogy and paleohydrology) have been used to reconstruct the climatic evolution of the region for the past 13 ky, which can be correlated to the well-known evolution of Eastern Sahara during this time-span. Our results indicate that the region has been subjected to arid climate prior to 10 ky BP as evidenced by thick aeolian deposits. Between 10 and 6 ky BP, the region experienced a wet climate as evidenced by the development of pedogenetic calcareous nodules, local deposition of palustrine and lacustrine limestone, abundance of aquatic and semi-aquatic gastropods, high lake levels, and depleted δ18O values from gastropod shells and calcareous nodules. After ≈ 6 ky BP, climate evolved to dry conditions in the northern part of the region as indicated by an strong aeolian activity recorded by erosion features, sedimentary hiatus and deflation surfaces, while its southern part remained more humid, as shown by channel and flood plain deposits, and tropical and aquatic pollen taxa. From 1000 yr BP to Present, and probably after 3 ka BP, the region became arid as evidenced by aeolian deposits, the predominance of arid indicator pollens and the enrichment in 18O of land snail shells
Kerdjidj, Kamel. "Application de la petrographie et de la geochimie organique a l'histoire thermique de la partie sud-est du bassin triasique du sahara nord-oriental (algerie)." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2051.
Full textNur, Goni Marian. "Réparer (avec) l'archive ? Histoires de photographies somalies et de leurs circulations (1890-2016)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0092/document.
Full textThis thesis traces the trajectories of some selected images, first taken of and then by Somali men and women from the Horn of Africa since the late 19th century to the present.Taken during ethnographic exhibitions of Somalis in Europe (of which this workproposes a detailed timeline since 1890) or commercial and political exploration missions to East Africa, these photographs have been both the medium and vector through which a certain knowledge has been produced and circulated concerning these people. This study undertakes, therefore, to examine the modes and contexts ofproduction, consumption and filiation of these "Somali images" in learned societies and popular newspapers in France.The study of the circulation and reappropriation of these historical images today on the Internet to serve contemporary purposes then leads to an analysis of how, in the digital era, a young, Internet-savvy generation from the Somali diaspora is now reclaiming its voice (raising questions about who can speak and how) through new website and blog projects, which attempt to establish (or mend?) an alternative Somali photographic archive. Thus, these projects both question the image of Somalia in the international media (an image associated, to a great extent, with famine, Islamic terrorism, piracy and "failed states") and offer new ways of preserving and transmitting other, often buried, memories of this country and its past before the civil war in the context of a certain "destruction of history".Finally, the third and last part of this study briefly revolves around photographicpractices observed in Djibouti during fieldwork from 2010 to 2012, here again with aparticular attention to the ways in which images are produced and conserved.This thesis raises the challenge of writing an on-going history that embraces itslacunae and voids – a feature that the researcher and the "subjects" of the research share – based on evolving material and digital fragments, in an attempt to highlight how their circulations profoundly affect their meanings and they ways in which we understand and make sense of them
Skonieczny, Charlotte. "Caractérisation multi-proxy de « poussières Sahariennes » déposées à l'actuel sur la marge Ouest africaine : relations avec les régions sources et les systèmes de transport et implications pour l’interprétation des archives sédimentaires en Atlantique Tropical Nord-Est." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10171/document.
Full textThe study of the aeolian material in the sedimentary archives of the NEATO contributes to document the paleoclimatic changes in this region. However, the interpretation of these records is complicated by the fact that proxies used in the deep sea sediments to reconstruct the provenance regions and the associated atmospheric transport patterns remain poorly constrained. A study of the aeolian deposits in the present-day climatic context was carried out on the West African margin in order to improve our understanding of the proxies. In this frame, a mineral dust deposits trap was installed in 2006 on the Senegalese coast, providing a unique aeolian deposits time series with a temporal resolution better than a week. The first part of this study consists in a multi-proxy analysis of the aeolian deposits collected from 2006 to 2009 (including grain-size distribution, clay mineralogy and strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios) and the subsequent development of a calibration of these tracers in terms of provenance regions and transport patterns in the present-day climatic context. In a second part, this calibration was (1) tested against sea surface sediments of the NEATO and then (2) used to decipher the aeolian terrigenous signal recorded during the last 26 000 years in the MD03-2705 core (18°05N; 21°09W). This PhD work contributes to document in which ways this initial present-day calibration of the aeolian proxies can contribute to improve our understanding of the terrigenous signal in NEATO
Van, Vliet Nathalie. "Variabilité spatiale et temporelle au sein du système "chasseur-animal-territoire de chasse villageois" : pour une approche géographique de l'estimation de la durabilité de la chasse en Afrique centrale : cas de Cephalophus SPP, du nord-est Gabon." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20006.
Full textThe present work based on duiker surveys, interviews with hunters and multi-agent modeling, aims at showing that current biological models fail to suggest efficient solutions to manage hunting activities because they ignore the complexity of spatial and temporal patterns that influence biological sustainability of hunting. Duikers (six sympatric species in our study aera) are small forest antelopes belonging to the Cephalophineae (genera Cephalophus). Our study was conducted in North-East Gabon, in the Ogooué Ivindo province, which remains far from economic activities and undeveloped, but conserves a unique biodiversity value. The results of this study can be summarized in the following three results : the notion of maximum sustainable yield developed by biological models is insufficient to understand and predict the sustainability of hunting ; for a same level of offtakes, the "hunter-animal-village territory" system can be sustainable or not depending on the spatial and temporal distribution of offtakes and of hunted populations ; within the village territory, as observed in Ntsieté, "source-sink" dynamics are likely to occur between aeras hunted all year around (along hunting trails close to the village), aeras hunted only at certain seasons (along hunting trails far from the village) and un-hunted aeras (far from hunting trails), ensuring the sustainability of the system. With a combination of ethnological and biological data and taking into account spatial and temporal dimensions in human-nature interactions, the present work presents an original geographical approach to study the sustainability of hunting in Central Africa
Ali, Doubed Mohamed. "Le soufisme dans la Corne de l'Afrique de la fin du XIXe à nos jours." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_ali-doubed_m.pdf.
Full textTo treat (handle) the above-mentioned subjects. We opted for a tripartite plan (shot). The first part (party), consisted of six chapters, is a sort of general presentation (display) in which we present the region (the Horn of Africa) on the geographical, historic and social plans (shots), then we approach the appearance of the Islam - essentially the Islam soufi-on the region. The second part (party), divided into four chapters. Processes the question of the Sufism, at first in a general way, then by emphasizing the characteristics of the African Sufism and by trying to reconstitute the history(story) of the Sufism in the Horn of Africa in particular thanks to the reports of the inquiries of ground realized in 2003 in three countries (Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti). When in the third and last part (party), them consists of three chapters dedicated to the soufie literature considered as an essential element of the spirituality in the Horn. In this part (party) we shah present one of the collections of poetry soufie the most representative, that of ŠayÌ al-Óuruq ÝAbdiraÎmân ZayliÝî. This presentation (display) will be followed by a translation, as well as by a literary analysis o f three poems pulled (fired) by this collection
Roulet, Pierre-Armand Roulet. "« Chasseur blanc, cœur noir ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale. Une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion communautaire ». Les cas du nord RCA et du sud-est Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00170051.
Full textHoussein, Isman Oumar. "Les représentations de la guerre dans l'espace littéraire francophone : le cas de la Corne de l'Afrique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH001.
Full textThe war is an experience that, by its commotion, condemned to unspeakable. It forces writers to define the relationship they have with the language they practices when it does not metamorphose themselves. It is this sense that need dealing with the range of transgressions at work in the war story which, through formal and language disorders distortions that contribute to its development, inaugurates writing that escapes definitions categorizations. Instead of reporting on the disaster, the literary imagination is in an external object, searching the paradoxical experience aestheticisation a priori ineffable a way around the impotence of language to express the inexpressible. Nevertheless, he digs through this gap with referential reality. Suffice to say that the war introduced a divide between the subject and the world, a gap that must be overcome so that can again keep a coherent discourse
Asses, Amar. "Analyse des diagraphies de forage, séquences sédimentaires et paléogéographie des séries argilo-gréseuses déposées au passage Silurien-Devonien dans la synéclise est-saharienne. : Bassin d'Illizi et partie algérienne du bassin de Ghadames." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3020.
Full textRuellan, Etienne. "Géologie des marges continentales passives : Evolution de la marge atlantique du Maroc (Mazagan) : Etude par submersible, seabeam et sismique réflexion : Comparaison avec la marge N.O. africaine et la marge homologue E. américaine." Brest, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BRES0014.
Full textKariche, Jugurtha. "Rôle des transferts multiples de contraintes, déficit de sismicité et caractéistiques physiques des ruptures sismiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH015/document.
Full textThis thesis consists in six chapters that describe the characteristics of active tectonics and stress transfer related to major earthquakes. The aim of this thesis is a better estimate of the seismic hazard and risk in northern Algeria and Morocco. After an introduction, Chapter II presents the methodology adopted for the development of stress transfer models. Chapter III deals with the interaction between faults in the Algerian Tell Atlas. Chapter IV develops the aspects of stress transfer and poroelastic deformation in the Rif and the Alboran Sea. Chapter V presents a large development of the poroelastic deformation and the physical characteristics of seismic ruptures. Chapter VI consists of a general conclusion with presentation of the main results including the perspectives and futur researchs
Sebban-Bécache, Anne-Sophie. "Représentations et politiques d’Israël vis-à-vis de la Corne de l’Afrique : au cœur d’une région stratégique, quelle permanence de la relation spéciale avec l’Éthiopie ?" Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080080/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the permanency of the special relationship between Israel and Ethiopia, studied through a geopolitical lens of two regions: the Middle East and the Horn of Africa. From biblical accounts of the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon’s union, to the particularities of Christianity in Ethiopia, Israel and Ethiopia share significant historical, social, and religious ties, as well as similar perceptions and representations of their longstanding relationship and connection to the “Holy Land.” The Bétä Esraél, Ethiopia’s indigenous Jewish community, rediscovered in the 19th century and later recognized by the community of Jews in 1973, adds a unique dimension to the modern-day Israel-Ethiopia relationship. Nonetheless, the integration of Ethiopian Jewry into Israeli society, combined with the influx of refugees from the Horn of Africa, raise a number of existential questions, including Israel’s policies toward development in Africa, which is evidenced by strong representations of Jewish values and Zionism, as well as challenging contradictions (e.g. representing a model democracy versus the difficulty in assuming a unique national destiny or exclusive identity). Due to the strategic importance of the Horn of Africa, particularly its close proximity and access to the Red Sea, Israel targeted Ethiopia in the 1950’s as the country to help break its isolation. Even today, Ethiopia continues to play a prominent role in Israel’s ambitions on the continent; the analysis on conflicts and the balance of power in the region give rise to new intersecting challenges, which requires Israel to put Ethiopia into perspective and favor a more comprehensive regional approach to the relationship
Staro, Francesco. "Anthropologie politique de la gestion de l'eau en contexte pastoral. : reconfigurations socio-économiques et identitaires chez les Garri du sud éthiopien entre Etat et ONG." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080068/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes socio-economic reconfigurations among pastoral groups living in the southern Ethiopian lowlands on the border with Kenya. Forms of social organization that regulate water access are considered as the main analytical tool for understanding the socio-cultural dynamics in these regions, highlighting historical and contemporary relationships between pastoralists, state authorities and international aid actors.Our approach consists of merging two research axes: the analysis of pastoral social systems and the importance of water issues as part of a wider relationship between nature and society. The social embeddedness of water leads us to focus on the processes of ethnicity, which is used as a tool to analyze nomads’ incorporation in a national political order as well as their local strategies vis-à-vis the State. In this context, the involvement of international aid actors is examined, taking into account the history of NGO intervention and by locating development projects in a dynamic perspective of a material and symbolic negotiation
« Antropologia politica della gestione dell’acqua in contestopastorale. Riconfigurazioni socioeconomiche ed identitarie presso i Garri del sud Etiopia traStato e ONG »Questa tesi analizza i processi di riconfigurazione sociale ed economica presso lepopolazioni pastorali nelle aree rurali del sud Etiopia, al confine con il Kenya. Le formed’organizzazione che regolano l'accesso all'acqua sono considerate come il principalestrumento per comprendere le dinamiche socio-culturali di queste regioni, evidenziando lerelazioni storiche e contemporanee tra le popolazioni locali, le autorità statali e leorganizzazioni internazionali dello sviluppo dell’aiuto umanitario.La nostra problematica é stata formulata analizzando, da un lato, i sistemi socialipastorali e, dall’altro lato, l’importanza della gestione dell’acqua e più in generale delrapporto tra natura e società nello studio di queste popolazioni. La complessità sociale dellarisorsa idrica ci porta a considerare il processo di costruzione delle identità etniche, l’interessedello stato etiope ad incorporare i nomadi nell'ordine politico nazionale e le strategie dicontrollo del territorio messe in atto dalla popolazione locale. In questo contesto, analizziamoil ruolo delle ONG e le dinamiche di negoziazione materiale e simbolica che hanno luogo nelquadro dei progetti di sviluppo.Se la gestione dei sistemi di irrigazione rappresenta il centro di interesse predominantenella letteratura antropologica sull’acqua, la gestione delle risorse idriche fornisce unaprospettiva di ricerca centrale per lo studio delle società pastorali. Il nostro punto di partenzaè la decostruzione della categoria analitica del « pastore nomade » per rendere conto deifattori economici, politici e socio-culturali in gioco nell’organizzazione dei sistemi sociali edelle pratiche di mobilità pastorali. A tal proposito mostriamo come gli stereotipi riguardol’irrazionalità ecologica della popolazioni pastorali hanno legittimato progetti di sviluppoagricolo e programmi di sedentarizzazione. Adottando un approccio simile a quello utilizzatoper la categoria di « pastore nomade », critichiamo un’idea dell’acqua come semplice risorsanaturale o come risorsa rara per analizzare il rapporto tra la gestione dell’acqua e ledinamiche più ampie di cambiamento sociale. In particolare, sviluppiamo l'analisi dell’acquacome operatore simbolico: a causa dell’associazione tra fattori socio-culturali e ambientalinell'organizzazione dell’accesso ai pozzi, l'acqua rappresenta una risorsa vitale per i pastori eper la riproduzione della comunità
Jolly, Laurent. "Le tirailleur somali : le métier des armes instrumentalisé (début XXe siècle - fin des années 60)." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU1009/document.
Full textThis study is about the recruits of the French army in Djibouti, from the First World war until the sixties. Because of their scarce numbers, compared with those from other parts of the African empire, their part in world conflicts is less known. Though, contrary to what went on in other French colonies, the enlistments were all voluntary and many of the enlisted were not from Djibouti. So, they seem to have been mercenaries hired for operations abroad thus strengthening their image as warriors in the eyes of the people in the area, especially the Somali who enlisted the most. The study is based on the French archives, particularly on the personal records of over 1300 “tirailleurs” representing a quarter of the enlistments during the most significant years. This statistical approach, completed with field work, allows us to study these enlistments from a social point of view and reveals motivations quite different from the clichés still widely spread in the western world as well as among the population of the Horn. This double point of view, quantitative and micro-historical, reveals the motivations of these young men enlisted in a colonial army, regional migration movements, their individual strategies in relation with the socio-economical context in the Horn marked by food crisis, political insecurity and the decline of pastoralism. Being used as instruments by a colonial power like many other Africans during the several conflicts in which they took part, these temporary warriors never forgot their own interests which they attempted to conciliate with the colonial domination. Their often short stay with the French army was for many reasons an experience, a sort of step into modernity. This study attempts to measure this otherness particularly through individual and familial paths. Even though they were cultural go-betweens, the colonizing power tried to use them in the context of decolonization. In that case, the army produced new notabilities and attempt to win the loyalty of its ex-servicemen. But then, again, the different individuals adopted postures far more complex than they seem to be, their faithfulness never overstepping their personal interest. The profession of arms was thus used at a private level, but also in the new political world after 1945
Obsieh, Moussa Souleiman. "L'oralité dans la littérature de la Corne de l'Afrique : traditions orales, formes et mythologies de la littérature pastorale, marques de l'oralité dans la littérature." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL016/document.
Full textThe Horn of Africa has a traditional oral literature which is rich and varied as the rest of the continent, starting from pastoral mythology to poetry, legend and storytelling. But with the social upheaval which occurred with the arrival of European settlers and the introduction of writing, the chain of transmission of the oral tradition is threatened. Many Europeans have sought to describe the habits and customs of these people. Whereas on the other hand, the writers from the Horn of Africa are often inspired by giving it (orality) and a new way of doing it. The following research work strives to reflect traditional forms of orality and their impact on modern literature
Djama, Said Ared. "La femme dans la littérature d'expression française de la Corne de l'Afrique." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL015.
Full textIn the Horn of Africa French-speaking literature, there are very often the caricatured images of female characters who are engaged in a difficult daily life. In both texts Waberi and Nuruddin Farah, female characters are constantly on the run to escape the tragic fate of a painful existence where moral and material/financial poverty is a major obstacle. If one of the factors that tends the female characters towards effective marginalization is related to a cantankerous space, dominated “by the vicious will of an imperial Sun”, there are also others who are contributing to stifle their identity in a traditional environment where "anything out of the herd is the elsewhere, the unknown distance, the limbo of oblivion”. We integrate this essentially misogynist perception in a critical size where marginalization related to exploration of the female body in” the nights in Addis Ababa takes shape over the narrative through exploitation the sexual rites that is graved in the flesh of female characters as” a surface where society registers the various terms of transaction”. This present thesis questions initially on issues related to the gender issue in the novelistic universe of writers while taking into account the popular imagination on the representations of women in the Horn of Africa
Mohamed, Osman Roukiya. "La politique de sécurité et de défense dans la corne de l'Afrique : le cas de Djibouti." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20129.
Full textThis thesis studies the politics of security and defence that have been developed in the Horn of Africa. Our main objective is to show that in Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti there are political, historical, economical and sociological factors that explain the prevailing insecurity within the region. Its geostrategic position makes it a coveted area for fighting terrorism and piracy. Nevertheless this geographical advantage is not as profitable as it could be because of civil wars, boundary disputes and natural disasters that have generated one of the world’s biggest humanitarian and food crisis. Security and defence policies, whether regional or continental, have shown to be powerless when facing these realities. The failures of these policies are due to disagreements between Heads of State and to the lack of financial resources within States, the African Union and its sub-regional agencies such as IGAD and COMESA. By studying the case of Djibouti we will prove that national security policies have been weakened by corruption, clientelism and tribalism, which has lead to the insurgence of the impoverished population. Because Djibouti is one of the most stable States in the region, it serves as a barometer that measures new treats to the stability of the zone. As a neighbouring country to the hotbeds of terrorism and piracy, Djibouti is where the French, the American and the Japanese have settled their military bases; it has also consequently become the target of terrorist groups. The military bases have certainly improved the security and the economy of the area but they have also had a negative impact on its social environment
Le, Gouriellec Sonia. "Régionalisme, régionalisation des conflits et construction de l'État : l'équation sécuritaire de la Corne de l’Afrique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05D015.
Full textIn spite of its analytical complexity, the security context in the Horn of Africa may be submitted to the Political Science’ tools in order to better understand the complex interactions between the various actors. The present research thus seeks to analyze the mechanism underlying what appears as an unsolvable security problem: is regionalism a prerequisite for the emergence of a regional peace? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand the role of regional security processes (regionalization and regionalism) in the state formation and state building of the Horn of Africa’s states. This study endeavours to explore the interactions between regionalism, which are inherent in the creation of an African peace and security architecture, the regionalization of conflict, which seems at work in this area, and construction/formation state process. The relationship between the three terms of this equation depends on the context and interactions between the various entities that make up the region (states, non-state actors that stand against them or negotiate with the states and external actors). This study thus reveals two kinds of dynamics at play: an endogenous process and an exogenous one. In the first one conflicts are involved in the formation of the state and are largely internal conflicts. It demonstrates that there is a crisis in the state States dominate the regionalism process which tries to regulate regional conflit with relative success because regional organizations seek to strengthen or rebuild the state according to the idealized criteria of the Weberian State seen as a source of instability. The exogenous process is characterized by the role of regional conflicts whose very existence serves to justify the development and the strenghtening of regionalism thus perceived as the most appropriate answer to those security problems. States are the source of conflicts because they are perceived as weak. Regionalism would strengthen states and reduce the inclination of states to make war
"Finance populaire et développement durable en Afrique au Sud du Sahara : application à la région Nord-Est de la République démocratique du Congo." Université catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-06142006-181237/.
Full textBaird, Stephen. "Political attitudes in the Sudanese diaspora and the influence of region of origin." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5649/1/M12892.pdf.
Full textRal, Noëmi. "La stratégie sécuritaire des États-Unis dans la corne de l'Afrique depuis le 11 septembre 2001." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1268/1/M10527.pdf.
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