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1
Schneider, Daniel W. "A Bioenergetics Model of Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, Growth in the Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-156.
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An individual growth model of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, is presented, based on weight- and temperature-specific physiological parameters taken from the literature on zebra mussels and marine mussels. Given food availability and water temperature the model can predict growth and consumption of zebra mussels in diverse environments. The model was tested with data from Lake Constance and matches observed growth fairly closely. Using the functional response of zebra mussels to increasing food concentration, the model simulates individual zebra mussel growth in novel habitats. For the Great Lakes, the following predictions were made: zebra mussels have bimodal growth patterns, with rapid growth in the spring and fall during periods of high food availability and moderate temperatures; growth rates are highest in Lake Ontario and lowest in Lake Superior, reflecting the trophic gradient in the Great Lakes; based on published weight/fecundity relationships, zebra mussels reach reproductive size in all of the Great Lakes except the main body of Lake Superior; and local eutrophication (e.g. Duluth/Superior Harbor) increases zebra mussel growth rates. Modelled consumption rates in Lakes Erie and Ontario are also consistent with rates of consumption by the zebra mussel in eutrophic and mesotrophic European lakes.
2
Bruesewitz, Denise A., Jennifer L. Tank, Melody J. Bernot, William B. Richardson, and Eric A. Strauss. "Seasonal effects of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on sediment denitrification rates in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-002.
Full textAbstract:
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have altered the structure of invaded ecosystems and exhibit characteristics that suggest they may influence ecosystem processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling. We measured denitrification rates seasonally on sediments underlying zebra mussel beds collected from the impounded zone of Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River. Denitrification assays were amended with nutrients to characterize variation in nutrient limitation of denitrification in the presence or absence of zebra mussels. Denitrification rates at zebra mussel sites were high relative to sites without zebra mussels in February 2004 (repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA), p = 0.005), potentially because of high NO3-N variability from nitrification of high NH4+ zebra mussel waste. Denitrification rates were highest in June 2003 (RM ANOVA, p < 0.001), corresponding with the highest NO3-N concentrations during the study (linear regression, R2 = 0.72, p < 0.001). Denitrification was always N-limited, but sites without zebra mussels showed the strongest response to N amendments relative to sites with zebra mussels (two-way ANOVA, p ≤ 0.01). Examining how zebra mussels influence denitrification rates will aid in developing a more complete understanding of the impact of zebra mussels and more effective management strategies of eutrophic waters.
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Bowman, Michelle F., and R. C. Bailey. "Upper pH tolerance limit of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 2119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-155.
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The upper pH tolerance limit of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has not been established experimentally. This study was designed to test the effect of elevated pH on the health and survivorship of zebra mussels. Dishes that contained 250 mL of pond water were assigned to four replicates of control, zebra mussel control, low-NaOH, medium-NaOH, and high-NaOH treatments. Except for the control replicates, two zebra mussels were added to each dish. Every other day, volumes of 1 M NaOH were added to low- (50 µL), medium- (100 µL), and high-NaOH (200 µL) treatments. All zebra mussels but one in the high-NaOH treatment died between days 17 and 31 at pH 9.3-9.5. On the last day of the study, day 31, three zebra mussels in the medium-NaOH treatment died at pH 9.5-9.6. The zebra mussels in the high-NaOH treatment moved and formed byssus attachments less often and had lower mean dry body mass than zebra mussels in other treatments. Dishes that contained zebra mussels had more algal genera than control dishes. In this experiment, the upper pH tolerance limit of zebra mussels was between 9.3 and 9.6 and may have been dependent on the rate of pH change.
4
Martin, Gordon W., and Lynda D. Corkum. "Predation of zebra mussels by crayfish." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 1867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-254.
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The introduction of zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), to the Great Lakes has redirected a large amount of energy from the planktonic community to the benthic community. The direct transfer of energy from zebra mussels to other large organisms depends on the resistance of the mussels to predation. This study investigated the ability of the crayfish Orconectes propinquus (Girard) to use zebra mussels as a food source. Laboratory experiments were designed in which predator and prey sizes, as well as densities, were manipulated. When presented with zebra mussels of a range of sizes (5–20 mm), crayfish of all sizes (carapace length 1.5–2.9 cm) ate mussels ≤ 8 mm in length almost exclusively, but mussels up to 17 mm were also consumed. No significant difference in utilization of zebra mussels was found between male and female crayfish. Our findings suggest that crayfish have the potential to alter the size structure of zebra mussel populations, but that per capita mussel consumption decreased at densities > 4 crayfish/m2. Mutual interference among predators or a lack of habitat complexity may explain the reduction of mussel consumption at high densities of crayfish.
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Thayer, S. A., R. C. Haas, R. D. Hunter, and R. H. Kushler. "Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) effects on sediment, other zoobenthos, and the diet and growth of adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in pond enclosures." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 1903–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-101.
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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in enclosures located in an experimental pond adjacent to Lake St. Clair, Michigan, increased sedimentation rate but had relatively minor effects on percent organic matter and percent nitrogen content of sediment. In contrast, sediment from Lake St. Clair adjacent to zebra mussels was significantly higher in carbon than that 0.5 m away. Zebra mussels increase the nutritional value of surficial sediment and provide greater structural heterogeneity, which is probably more important in causing change among zoobenthos. Zoobenthos and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) diet were dominated by dipteran larvae and leeches. Zoobenthos was significantly different between enclosures with and without zebra mussels. Treatments with zebra mussels had significantly more oligochaetes and tended to have more crustaceans (isopods and amphipods). In June, yellow perch without zebra mussels consumed significantly more zooplankton, and those with mussels had more crustaceans in their diet. Zooplankton density was greater in treatments without zebra mussels. Yellow perch with zebra mussels grew significantly more than those without mussels. Zebra mussels in the enclosures neither reproduced nor were eaten by yellow perch; hence. the observed growth differences were due to indirect effects involving zebra mussel induced changes in benthic structure and biota.
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Mayer, C. M., L. G. Rudstam, E. L. Mills, S. G. Cardiff, and C. A. Bloom. "Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), habitat alteration, and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) foraging: system-wide effects and behavioural mechanisms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 2459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-176.
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The aggregate impact of an exotic species introduction, such as the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), may involve a large number of biotic and abiotic interactions within the recipient ecosystem. We used laboratory experiments and field data to assess effects of zebra mussels on both foraging success of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and activity of the amphipod Gammarus fasciatus. In two laboratory experiments zebra mussel clusters reduced the rate at which yellow perch captured amphipods. Yellow perch captured fewer amphipods when zebra mussels were present at two light levels (<2.1 and >214 lx) and across a range of prey densities (761500 amphipods·m2). The effect of zebra mussels on amphipod activity depended on light level. Yellow perch captured fewer amphipods in the presence of mussel clusters than when plants were present. The frequency of amphipods in the diets of adult yellow perch in Oneida Lake increased after zebra mussel introduction, but the increase was greater in low mussel density habitats. Our laboratory results and field observations suggest that zebra mussels affect yellow perch foraging on amphipods through increased structural complexity (negative) and increased light penetration ( positive), but not through increased prey density.
7
Serrouya, Robert, Anthony Ricciardi, and Fred G. Whoriskey. "Predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) by captive-reared map turtles (Graptemys geographica)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-265.
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The suitability of the Eurasian zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, as prey for the common map turtle, Graptemys geographica, was tested under laboratory conditions. The turtles, which were reared in captivity without contact with molluscs, readily consumed zebra mussels in every feeding trial. Mussels were ingested whole. Repeated exposure to zebra mussels in successive trials did not increase consumption rates (ca. 11 mussels/turtle per day), suggesting that the turtles required little time to recognize and efficiently utilize zebra mussels as prey. The turtles were offered zebra mussels ranging from 4 to 34 mm in length and consumed mussels as large as 32 mm, but mussels larger than 25 mm were consumed at lower rates. Turtles consumed lower numbers of zebra mussels in the presence of an alternative prey, the prosobranch snail Bithynia tentaculata, which is common in map turtle habitats in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence River system. Populations of map turtles and zebra mussels are sympatric in the upper St. Lawrence River, Lake Champlain, the lower Great Lakes, and the upper Mississippi River basin. Our results suggest that map turtles may forage on zebra mussels in nature, but zebra mussels will be important prey only when preferred or more profitable prey are scarce.
8
Wisenden, Patricia A., and Robert C. Bailey. "Development of macroinvertebrate community structure associated with zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) colonization of artificial substrates." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-169.
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We used artificial substrates (rocks < 1500 cm2 surface area) in shallow water (2 m) to assess the development of epilithic macroinvertebrate communities in the presence of zebra mussels. At a turbulent site (Wheatley, Lake Erie), previously colonized (with a non-zebra mussel community) and uncolonized rocks left for 1 year both had lower densities of total invertebrates than previously colonized rocks recovered after only 1 day. As zebra mussels colonized the rocks, Gammarus sp. (amphipods) increased in density, while Chironomini and Tanypodinae (midges), Polycentropus sp. (caddisflies), and Physella sp. and Pleurocera sp. (snails) declined. At a protected site (Stoney Point, Lake St. Clair), previously colonized rocks initially (2 months) had higher densities of many taxa, including zebra mussels, than uncolonized rocks. This difference disappeared after 1 year, as zebra mussels increased on all rocks. Gammarus sp. maintained its numbers, while Tricladida (flatworms) increased and Oecetis sp. (caddisflies), Physella sp., Pleurocera sp., and Tanypodinae declined. Although a similar "zebra mussel – amphipod" community developed on rocks at both sites, we hypothesize that at the turbulent site, zebra mussels and amphipods have a shared tolerance of unstable habitats, and zebra mussels facilitate amphipod colonization of rocks by increasing microhabitat stability and food supply. At the protected site, zebra mussels outcompete other surface dwellers like snails for space, and facilitate the colonization of scavenger–omnivores like amphipods and flatworms.
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Reed-Andersen, Tara, Stephen R. Carpenter, Dianna K. Padilla, and Richard C. Lathrop. "Predicted impact of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion on water clarity in Lake Mendota." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-094.
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Lake Mendota, which is plagued by periodic cyanobacterial blooms, is typical of many lakes in the Laurentian Great Lakes region that are vulnerable to zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) but have yet to be invaded. We coupled removal estimates with chlorophyll production estimates in a dynamic model to predict the likely impact of mussel-mediated removal of phytoplankton on water clarity across a range of hypothetical zebra mussel densities. Models were fit to chlorophyll and temperature data collected biweekly from Lake Mendota during 1977-1993. When we assumed daily epilimnetic circulation, the percentage of days when the chlorophyll concentration exceeded 50 µg·L-1 was decreased threefold at mussel densities as low as 1000 mussels·m-2. When we assumed less frequent epilimnetic circulation, the density of mussels required to substantially improve water clarity increased dramatically. We predict that zebra mussel invasion would lead to increased water clarity in Lake Mendota. Cyanobacterial blooms would be reduced but not eliminated. Negative impacts on other lake processes following zebra mussel invasion could outweigh the benefits of lower phytoplankton concentrations.
10
Hamilton, Diana J. "A method for reconstruction of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) length from shell fragments." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-333.
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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are subject to size-selective predation by several species of diving ducks and fish in Europe and North America. Ingested mussels are crushed, but the internal septum in the umbonal region of the mussel usually remains intact. Using mussels collected at Point Pelee, Lake Erie, I showed that there is a strong relationship between the length of the septum and of the mussel (r2 = 0.96). I compared this with a similar relationship developed for European zebra mussels and tested both models on mussels collected from Point Pelee and from Stoney Point, Lake St. Clair. Septal length relative to mussel length was greatest at Stoney Point and least at Point Pelee. The European estimates fell between the two. I concluded that to obtain accurate estimates of mussel length when investigating size-selective predation on zebra mussels, the relationship between mussel and septal lengths should be determined at each study location.
11
Hallac, David E., and J. Ellen Marsden. "Differences in tolerance to and recovery from zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) fouling by Elliptio complanata and Lampsilis radiata." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 2 (March 5, 2000): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-195.
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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake Champlain have colonized the shells of many native unionids, causing declines in their abundance. Periodically cleaning zebra mussels from unionids may be an effective conservation technique, if unionids can recover from the stress induced by zebra mussels. Efforts will need to target species that are most vulnerable to fouling and subsequent energetic losses. We used glycogen as a biochemical indicator of energetic stores to assess species-specific differences in tolerance to zebra mussels. There was no evidence that glycogen levels decreased as dreissenid/unionid mass ratios increased in Elliptio complanata. However, dreissenid/unionid mass ratios as low as 0.25 in Lampsilis radiata were correlated with a significant decline in glycogen content. The ability of these species to recover glycogen after zebra mussel removal and replacement in situ was also evaluated. Mussels were cleaned of zebra mussels and replaced in situ. After 10 weeks, cleaned, heavily fouled, and never-fouled (control) mussels were collected. Glycogen levels in fouled mussels were lower than in the control mussels, while glycogen levels in cleaned mussels did not differ from the control mussels. Results suggest that heavily fouled E. complanata and L. radiata can recover glycogen levels if cleaned of zebra mussels and that cleaning may be a viable option for unionid conservation.
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Frischer, Marc E., Sandra A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, Robert H. Parsons, Kanda Vathanodorn, and Kelli R. Waitkus. "Interactions between zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and microbial communities." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-001.
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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have had an enormous impact on aquatic environments. However, little is known concerning their interactions with microbial communities. In these studies, the ability of zebra mussels to derive nutrition from bacterioplankton and their effect on microbial community diversity were investigated in samples from the Hudson River, New York, and in laboratory studies. Clear physiological responses to starvation were observed, including decreases in respiration rates, lipid content, and total weight, that were reversed after feeding zebra mussels a diet of bacteria. Clearance rates of bacteria were correlated with bacteria size (r2= 0.995), with the lowest clearance rates associated with small indigenous river bacteria (size = 0.03 ± 0.04 µm3, clearance rate = 0.08 ± 0.02 mL·mussel-1·min-1). Comparison of the diversity of microbial communities in zebra mussel tissue extract, detritus, and pseudofecal material associated with zebra mussel colonies, surrounding water, and sediment samples revealed distinct microbial assemblages associated with these environments. The overall ecological effect and importance of bacteria - zebra mussel interactions remains unclear, but these studies indicate that these interactions occur and should be included in our efforts to better understand the impact of zebra mussels on aquatic systems.
13
Madenjian, Charles P. "Removal of algae by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) population in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics approach." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-040.
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A bioenergetics model for growth of a zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) individual was verified with observations on zebra mussel growth in western Lake Erie. The bioenergetics model was then applied to the zebra mussel population in the western basin of Lake Erie to estimate the removal of phytoplankton by mussels. According to the modeling results, the zebra mussel population consumed 5.0 million tonnes of phytoplankton, while 1.4 million tonnes of phytoplankton was deposited in pseudofeces from the mussels. Thus, a total of 6.4 ± 2.4 million tonnes of phytoplankton was removed from the water column by zebra mussel in western Lake Erie during 1990. Primary production was estimated to be 24.8 million tonnes; therefore, zebra mussel removed the equivalent of 26 ± 10% of the primary production for western Lake Erie.
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Marsden, J. Ellen, and David M. Lansky. "Substrate selection by settling zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, relative to material, texture, orientation, and sunlight." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-004.
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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) invaded the Great Lakes in 1986 and are considered to be a nuisance species, because of their rapid population growth and their strong byssal attachment to a variety of man-made and natural surfaces. Research on possible antifouling materials or coatings has revealed few nontoxic substrates that even retard attachment of mussels. The influence of several substrate characteristics in combination (material, texture, orientation, and sunlight) on zebra mussel settlement was examined. Settlement of post-veliger mussels on experimental plates indicated that the mussels attached in higher numbers on upper versus lower horizontal surfaces, textured versus smooth surfaces, shaded versus sunlit surfaces, PVC versus Plexiglas, and plastic (PVC and Plexiglas) versus glass. Zebra mussels did not show strong preferences among several additional substrate materials (wood, Fiberglas, concrete, limestone, aluminum, and raw steel) but they strongly avoided galvanized steel. These results confirm field observations of locations in which mussels are most likely to be found. Information about zebra mussel substrate preferences may enhance the design of monitoring programs and the integrated management of mussels in vulnerable areas.
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Byrne, Roger A., Mark L. Burleson, Neal J. Smatresk, and Robert F. McMahon. "Respiratory and acid–base consequences of zebra mussel infestation on the valves of unionids." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-176.
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Infestations of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on the valves of unionids purport to cause the eventual death of the host, although the means is uncertain. We examined the blood acid–base and respiratory gas state in a sample of the unionid bivalve Elliptio complanata, both with zebra mussels attached to the valves and with zebra mussels removed. Both sets of clams were exposed for 24 h to the following three environmental gas treatments: normoxia–normocapnia ([Formula: see text] 153 torr, [Formula: see text] 0.3 torr), moderate hypoxia–hypocapnia ([Formula: see text] 35 torr, [Formula: see text] 0 torr), and severe hypoxia–hypercapnia ([Formula: see text] 8 torr, [Formula: see text] 2.5 torr). Blood pH, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], total CO2, and osmolality were determined. Although the effects of gas treatment were profound, zebra mussel infestation had no effects on any of the variables measured. Zebra mussel infestation increased with size of the unionid host, but we detected no relationship between the degree of infestation and any blood variable. This suggests that competition for oxygen in the medium or reduction in ventilatory capability due to mechanical interference and consequent disruption in gas exchange by infesting zebra mussels does not apply at this level of infestation (mean 36.4 and maximum 80 zebra mussels per unionid host). The possibility of zebra mussels outcompeting unionids for suspended food particles and a resultant decline in unionid tissue energy stores are more likely consequences of infestation.
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Baker, S. M., and D. J. Hornbach. "Acute physiological effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation on two unionid mussels, Actiononaias ligamentina and Amblema plicata." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f96-319.
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Our laboratory studies of the physiological effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation on the freshwater mussels Actinonaias ligamentina and Amblema plicata (Unionidae) show that (i) zebra mussel infestation causes stress and symptoms of starvation in unionid mussels, (ii) unionid species are affected unequally, and (iii) symptoms of starvation are greater when initial condition is low. Nutritive stress in infested unionid mussels was indicated by shifts to lower metabolic rates, more protein-based metabolism (lower O:N ratios), and compensatory increases in grazing rates. Starvation may be the result of local food depletion and (or) increased metabolic cost. Actinonaias ligamentina (subfamily Lampsilinae) was more sensitive to infestation than Amblema plicata (subfamily Ambleminae), as indicated especially by changes in oxygen uptake rate and grazing rate. The effects of infestation were greater in mussels that were already in low condition. Our results indicate that the decline in diversity of unionid mussels since the introduction of zebra mussels is due to species-specific rates of starvation.
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González, María J., and Amy Downing. "Mechanisms underlying amphipod responses to zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion and implications for fish-amphipod interactions." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-211.
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We examined mechanisms underlying increased amphipod abundance after zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) invaded Lake Erie. We conducted field substrate preference experiments to test the hypotheses that amphipods prefer (i) high-complexity substrates over low-complexity substrates and (or) (ii) substrates with high mussel feces and pseudofeces deposition over substrates with low deposition. We measured amphipod preference for bare rock, live mussels, and dead mussels in spring (May 1996) and summer (July and August 1995, June and August 1996). Habitat complexity affected amphipod habitat preference, and preference varied seasonally. In spring, amphipod density was highest on dead mussels, but the response was highly variable. In midsummer (June and July), amphipods showed no substrate preference. In late summer (August), amphipods consistently preferred high-complexity mussel substrates. Amphipods never preferred low-complexity substrates. We also evaluated effects of zebra mussel presence on fish-amphipod interactions in laboratory feeding trials. We tested the hypothesis that mussel presence decreases bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) predation on amphipods. Predation by bluegill but not yellow perch was significantly lowered by mussel presence. Our results support the hypothesis that the increase in amphipods upon zebra mussel invasion is due to increased habitat complexity, possibly by reducing predation risk. However, the effects of zebra mussel on fish-amphipod interactions depended on predator species.
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Stoeckmann, Ann M., and David W. Garton. "A seasonal energy budget for zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in western Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-184.
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We constructed a balanced energy budget for zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from the western basin of Lake Erie during the active growth and reproductive season (May-October). We measured metabolic costs (oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion), body mass change, and feces production weekly and marked mussels to quantify shell growth. Costs of reproduction were measured by inducing spawning four times using serotonin and collecting gametes. After conversion to calories, all energy budget components were combined with published length-frequency distributions and mussel densities to estimate population consumption. We estimated that individual zebra mussel consumption averaged 3.16 cal ·day-1 (1 cal = 4.1868 J). Metabolic costs account for >90% of energy consumption. Mussels <15 mm increased in body mass whereas mussels >15 mm allocated energy to reproduction in lieu of somatic growth. Our estimates of population consumption were sensitive to mussel size distribution, with the most abundant size-class responsible for the greatest proportion of population consumption. Based on published estimates for primary production in western Lake Erie, our energy budget estimated that zebra mussels (10 000 - 50 000 mussels ·m-2) potentially consume an equivalent of 10-50% of summer primary production.
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Klerks, P. L., P. C. Fraleigh, and J. E. Lawniczak. "Effects of the exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on metal cycling in Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-071.
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This research demonstrated the impact of high densities of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on the cycling of copper, nickel, and zinc in a lake environment. Experiments with mussels on sedimentation traps in western Lake Erie and with mussels in flow-through tanks receiving Lake Erie water showed that zebra mussels remove metals from the water column, incorporate metals in their tissues, and deposit metals on the lake bottom. Removal of metals from the water column was estimated at 10-17% · day-1 of the amounts present. This material was largely deposited on the lake bottom; zebra mussels more than doubled the rate at which metals were being added to the lake bottom. Metal biodeposition rates were extremely high (e.g., 50 mg Zn · m-2 · day-1) in high-turbidity areas with elevated metal levels. Two factors contributed to metal biodeposition by zebra mussels. First, their production of feces and pseudofeces increased the rate at which suspended matter was being added to the sediment (accounting for 92% of the increased metal biodeposition). Second, the material coming out of suspension had higher metal concentrations when zebra mussels were present (constituting 8% of the increased biodeposition).
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Perry, W. L., D. M. Lodge, and G. A. Lamberti. "Impact of crayfish predation on exotic zebra mussels and native invertebrates in a lake-outlet stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f96-255.
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To test the hypothesis that Orconectes spp. crayfishes could be a significant source of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) mortality in streams, we conducted a laboratory experiment and a field experiment. In the laboratory experiment, maximum zebra mussel size consumed increased with increasing crayfish size for Orconectes rusticus, Orconectes propinquus, and Orconectes virilis. Slopes differed among crayfish species but not between O. rusticus sexes. To quantify crayfish impacts on seminatural zebra mussel populations, we placed 16 enclosures (0.2 m2) lined with artificial cobble substrata in a midwestern lake-outlet stream (mean width 17 m). Zebra mussels were stocked in each cage (20000 individuals/m2) 14 days before male O. rusticus (20 individuals/m2) were stocked in each of eight enclosures. Densities of all sizes of zebra mussels were reduced in enclosures, with a total density reduction of 31% over the 28 days of the experiment, relative to the exclosures. Crayfish also reduced gastropod densities by 54%, but did not significantly affect other invertebrates. Laboratory and field results suggest that predation by Orconectes crayfishes may significantly reduce zebra mussel populations in streams.
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Daeschlein, G., C. Fenske, S. Scholz, S. Dahlke, M. Jünger, and A. Kramer. "Filtration effects of zebra mussels on pathogens and total bacterial burden in the Odra Lagoon (South Baltic)." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 9 (March 6, 2015): 1354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.103.
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As a result of their mode of filter feeding, zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha Pall.) have been observed to purify natural water bodies and in vitro. Therefore, the possibility of using zebra mussels for water purification was investigated in a slightly brackish water body of a large lagoon. In this study, water samples were taken above, near and at distance from zebra mussel beds (MB) in the Odra Lagoon in North East Germany. Near typical bacterial species like Aeromonas spp. pathogenic bacteria with potential relation to hospital wastewater pollution (Burkholderia cepacia, Staphylococcus aureus, Weeksella spp.) were detected. There were no correlations found between either total bacteria or pathogens and distance to MB and no antimicrobial effect of the mussels could be deduced. For bioremediation in larger water bodies like lagoons, natural zebra MB do not seem to play a major antimicrobial role and the effect of artificial mussel grids especially against hospital pathogens should be investigated.
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Comba, Michael E., Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith, and Klaus L. E. Kaiser. "Zebra Mussels as Biomonitors for Organic Contaminants in the Lower Great Lakes." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.023.
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Abstract Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1992. Composite samples of whole mussels (15 sites) or soft tissues (9 sites) were analyzed for residues of organochlo-rine pesticides and PCBs to evaluate zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants. Mussels from most sites contained measurable quantities of most of the analytes. Mean concentrations were (in ng/g, whole mussel dry weight basis) 154 ΣPCB, 8.4 ΣDDT, 3.5 Σchlordane, 3.4 Σaldrin, 1.4 ΣBHC, 1.0 Σendosulfan, 0.80 mirex and 0.40 Σchlorobenzene. Concentrations varied greatly between sites, i.e., from 22 to 497 ng/g for ΣPCB and from 0.08 to 11.6 ng/g for ΣBHC, an indication that mussels are sensitive to different levels of contamination. Levels of ΣPCB and Σendosulfan were highest in mussels from the St. Lawrence River, whereas mirex was highest in those from Lake Ontario. Overall, mussels from Lake Erie were the least contaminated. These observations agree well with the spatial contaminant trends shown by other biomoni-toring programs. PCB congener class profiles in zebra mussels are also typical for nearby industrial sources, e.g., mussels below an aluminum casting plant contained 55% di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls versus 31% in those upstream. We propose the use of zebra mussels as biomonitors of organic contamination in the Great Lakes.
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Cooley, John M. "Zebra Mussels." Journal of Great Lakes Research 17, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(91)71336-1.
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Mayer, C. M., A. J. VanDeValk, J. L. Forney, L. G. Rudstam, and E. L. Mills. "Response of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in Oneida Lake, New York, to the establishment of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 742–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-009.
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We used long-term data on Oneida Lake, New York, to evaluate hypotheses about the effects of introduced zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on yellow perch (Perca flavescens). We detected no change in survival, diet, or numbers of young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch. YOY growth increased in association with zebra mussel introduction and was marginally correlated with zooplankton size, which increased after zebra mussel introduction. Low numbers of YOY in recent years did not explain their increased growth rate. The percentage of age 3 and older yellow perch that consumed zooplankton and benthos increased after zebra mussel introduction. Water clarity, which has increased since zebra mussel introduction, was inversely related to the percentage of the adult population with empty stomachs and positively related to the percentage that consumed benthos. The percentage of adult yellow perch that consumed zooplankton was positively related to zooplankton size. Despite the increase in percentage of adults consuming both types of invertebrate prey, we detected no changes in adult growth associated with zebra mussel introduction. This suggests that the principal effects of zebra mussels on yellow perch in Oneida Lake were not via benthic pathways but through modifications of water clarity and zooplankton. Thus far, these effects have not been negative for the yellow perch population.
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Jones, Lisa A., and Anthony Ricciardi. "Influence of physicochemical factors on the distribution and biomass of invasive mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) in the St. Lawrence River." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-096.
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Twenty sites along the St. Lawrence River were sampled to determine if the distribution and abundance of invasive mussels (zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis)) are explained by physicochemical variables. Calcium concentration, substrate size, and depth independently explained significant proportions of variation in biomass for both species. Zebra mussel populations occurred at calcium levels as low as 8 mg Ca·L1, but quagga mussels were absent below 12 mg Ca·L1, suggesting that they have higher calcium requirements. Both species increased in biomass with increasing substrate size but displayed contrasting patterns with depth. Using combinations of these environmental variables, we developed stepwise multiple regression models to predict zebra mussel biomass and quagga mussel biomass. The zebra mussel model included calcium concentration, substrate size, and depth (r2 = 0.36, P < 0.0001), while the quagga mussel model included only substrate size and depth (r2 = 0.32, P < 0.0001). These results suggest that dreissenid mussel abundance (and correlated impacts) will vary predictably across environmental gradients, but the same predictive model will not be accurate for both species.
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Wojtal-Frankiewicz, Adrianna, and Piotr Frankiewicz. "The Influence of the Zebra Mussel (Dreisena Polymorhpa) on Magnesium and Calcium Concentration in Water." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 6 (December 4, 2010): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10107-009-0009-y.
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In this study we examined changes in magnesium and calcium ion concentrations depending on Zebra Mussel biomass, pH values and temperature. We performed field experiments in years with different weather conditions using twelve 200 litre polycarbonate containers filled with 150 litres of non-filtered water from lowland, eutrophic reservoirs. Three treatments of the experiment were represented by: Phyto control with non-filtered water, Phyto+Dreis A with Zebra Mussel biomass of 500 g/m2, and Phyto+Dreis B with Zebra Mussel biomass of 1.000 g/m2. Magnesium and calcium ions concentrations were analyzed on an ion chromatograph (Dionex-1000). Results indicated a significant reduction in magnesium and calcium ion concentrations by Zebra Mussels (independent of mussel biomass), especially in the year with higher and more stable average temperatures. Mg concentration was significantly negatively correlated with temperature in this year. In both years of study the magnesium and calcium ion concentrations were negatively correlated with pH. Analyses of the Zebra Mussel’s impact on magnesium and calcium loss from water, linked with the influence of physical factors (temperature and pH), may be valuable for the management of invaded ecosystems.
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Claxton, W. Trevor, André Martel, Ronald M. Dermott, and Elizabeth G. Boulding. "Discrimination of field-collected juveniles of two introduced dreissenids (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) using mitochondrial DNA and shell morphology." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-029.
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We developed molecular markers to distinguish two species of exotic bivalves, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis sensu lato). Restriction analysis of a 710 base pair fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene showed a single restriction pattern for zebra mussels and a single restriction pattern for quagga mussels for each of the enzymes ScrfI, Csp6I, and Sau96I. This molecular analysis also confirmed that there were no sex-specific restriction patterns for either species. We then used our molecular markers to confirm the species identity of postmetamorphic and early juvenile stages (>=>300 µm shell length) of zebra and quagga mussels from Lake Erie and the Rideau River (Ottawa, Ont.). Useful shell characteristics to discriminate between postmetamorphic and early juvenile stages (>=>300 µm shell length) of zebra and quagga mussel included (i) overlap of valves at the posterior region, (ii) position of the dorsal point of curvature, (iii) angle of shell at the dorso-anterior region (hinge), and (iv) level of flatness of the ventral region (>2 mm shell length). Juveniles of approximately 300-700 µm shell length can be identified using the valve overlap criterion alone.
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CHARLTON, MURRAY N. "THE CASE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF ZEBRA MUSSELS IN LAKE ERIE: VISUALIZATION OF INFORMATION FROM AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER 1993." Journal of Biological Systems 02, no. 04 (December 1994): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339094000295.
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Recent concern about the effects of Zebra mussels has centred on potential loss of fish production and potential loss of fish edibility. The mussels are thought to cause these effects by diversion of energy flow and alteration of contaminant processing. Because management options are limited to controls on nutrients and fish harvest/stocking, it is important to determine the extent and degree of Zebra Mussel effects. Some effects of the mussels are obvious in sheltered shallow areas but the effects on the whole ecosystem are not known. A series of research surveys done in 1993 is reported in this paper. The effects of the mussels seem to result in a loss of about 25 % of the standing algal biomass in some areas. Although an attempt was made to visit many areas of the lake, more extensive work is needed to find whole ecosystem effects. The difficulty in delineating the effects of the mussels is caused by the coincidental achievement of nutrient loading goals. Because the distribution of zebra mussels is uneven their effects may be found through extensive spatial surveys.
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Hincks, S. S., and G. L. Mackie. "Effects of pH, calcium, alkalinity, hardness, and chlorophyll on the survival, growth, and reproductive success of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Ontario lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 2049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-114.
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In 1991, field studies were conducted to determine the effects of pH, calcium, alkalinity, hardness, and chlorophyll on the survival, growth, and reproduction of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Water from 16 south-central lakes in Ontario was collected and supplied to zebra mussels in a flow-through system. Adult zebra mussel mortality was significantly correlated with calcium and pH. Growth rates of juvenile mussels ranged from -83.3 to 200 µm ·week-1. Water buffer variables (calcium, alkalinity, and total hardness) explained 60-66% of the variation observed in the change in shell length of juvenile zebra mussel (p = 0.001-0.003). There was negative growth at calcium levels less than 8.5 mg Ca · L-1, alkalinity levels less than 17.1 mg CaCO3 · L-1 and total hardness levels less than 31 mg CaCO3 · L-1. Maximum growth occurred at calcium levels of 32 mg Ca ·L-1, alkalinity of 65 mg CaCO3 · L-1, and total hardness of 100 mg CaCO3 · L-1. Positive growth of juvenile zebra mussel only occurred at pH levels greater than 8.3. Only one veliger survived to the settling stage.
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Nichols, S. Jerrine, and Jon Amberg. "Co-existence of zebra mussels and freshwater unionids: population dynamics of Leptodea fragilis in a coastal wetland infested with zebra mussels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-241.
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In 1996, thousands of live Leptodea fragilis were collected from a marsh located in the western basin of Lake Erie that was infested with zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Despite the presence of zebra mussels at this site for a number of years, this L. fragilis population showed no signs of competition-induced changes in population dynamics. Biofouling was limited: fewer than 1% of the L. fragilis showed evidence of recent or past zebra mussel colonization. Successful recruitment occurred yearly, with multiple year classes collected that ranged in age from 1 to 12 years. However, age and shell length were not well correlated. Seventy-one percent of the individuals collected were 51-80 mm long, but ranged in age from 2 to 4.5 years. Three different patterns of growth or shell deposition were found. Some individuals grew rapidly, reaching 105 mm in 3.5 years, while others grew only 4.5 mm over the same time period. A few grew poorly during some years but very rapidly in others. Individuals with a shell length of 41 mm or more were sexually mature and females were more common than males. The strong recruitment and steady growth of this population showed no change between the years before and after the zebra mussel invasion, indicating that this marsh is functioning as a natural refugium from potential problems caused by zebra mussels.
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Ackerman, Josef Daniel, Blair Sim, S. Jerrine Nichols, and Renata Claudi. "A review of the early life history of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): comparisons with marine bivalves." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-157.
Full textAbstract:
The ecological and economic impacts of the introduced zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas)) have been due in part to a life history that is conserved with marine bivalves but unique among the indigenous freshwater fauna. There are a number of life history events in D. polymorpha that follow external fertilization and embryology. The first is a brief trochophore stage. The development of a velum and secretion of a larval shell lead to a D-shaped veliger, which is the first recognizable planktonic larva. Later a second larval shell is secreted and this veliconcha is the last obligate free-swimming veliger. Conversely, the last larval stage, the pediveliger, can either swim using its velum or crawl using its foot. Pediveligers select substrates on which they "settle" by secreting byssal threads and undergo metamorphosis to become plantigrade mussels. The secretion of the adult shell and change in growth axis lead to the convergent heteromyarian shape. Zebra mussels produce byssal threads as adults, but these attachments may be broken, enabling the mussels to translocate to new areas. The recognition of these life history features will lead to a better understanding of zebra mussel biology. In summary, life history stages of zebra mussels are similar to those of marine bivalves and should be identified morphologically rather than on the basis of size.
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Spidle, Adrian P., Bernie May, and Edward L. Mills. "Limits to tolerance of temperature and salinity in the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 2108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-804.
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The quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) were exposed to varied levels of salinity and temperature in the laboratory to compare the tolerance of each species to environmental stress. The zebra mussel could tolerate 30 °C for extended periods and higher temperatures (< 39 °C) for a period of hours depending on the acclimation temperature and the rate of temperature change. The upper thermal limit of the quagga mussel may be as low as 25 °C. Mussels of both species acclimated to 5 °C were less able to survive at high temperatures (30–39 °C) than mussels acclimated to 15 or 20 °C. The reduced upper temperature limit of the quagga mussel implies that it will not be able to expand as far south in North America as has the zebra mussel. Both D. bugensis and D. polymorpha were exposed to three concentrations of NaCl (5, 10, and 20‰) to test salinity tolerance. No individuals of either species survived beyond 18 days in salinities of 5‰ or higher. No interspecific difference occurred in salinity-induced mortality rate.
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Mitchell, Jeremy S., Robert C. Bailey, and Richard W. Knapton. "Sources of bias in the use of shell fragments to estimate the size of zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 6 (October 10, 1999): 910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-042.
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Several researchers have examined size-selective predation on dreissenid mussels by first measuring septa from crushed mussel shells found in predators' gastrointestinal tracts and then using a regression of septum length on shell length to infer the size of consumed mussels. We examine three assumptions made when using this approach: (1) that the shell length : septum length relationship is site-independent within the study area, (2) where both zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) are present, that the shell length : septum length relationship is the same for both mussel species, and (3) that the predator foraged exclusively at the site of collection. We collected mussels at 6 sites along an 8-km stretch of Lake Erie shoreline and found that the shell length : septum length relationship varied significantly both among sites and between zebra mussels and quagga mussels. We then compared the regression for quagga mussels at one of these sites with that for intact valves of mussels taken from scaup (Aythya marila, Aythya affinis) collected at the site. Although ice cover at the time of collection restricted scaup to the site while foraging within the study area, regressions were again significantly different, i.e., scaup had been foraging elsewhere. Our results indicate that for at least some study sites, the use of septa to estimate dreissenid mussel size is not appropriate. However, when intact valves are found in a predator, variation in shell morphology can help to confirm or exclude possible foraging locales.
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Baldwin, Brad S., Marilyn S. Mayer, Jeffrey Dayton, Nancy Pau, Johanna Mendilla, Maura Sullivan, Aaron Moore, Aye Ma, and Edward L. Mills. "Comparative growth and feeding in zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis): implications for North American lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 680–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-043.
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In laboratory experiments, quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) survived as well as zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and equaled or exceeded their growth rate (3 to 242% change in wet mass) when reared at 6 or 23°C and fed natural seston or Chlamydomonas at food levels ranging from 0.057.4 µg·L1 chlorophyll a (chl a). Superior growth of quagga mussels was most pronounced at low food levels. We found no significant differences in per capita clearance rates (CR), functional responses, or feeding behavior between zebra and quagga mussels fed Chlamydomonas, Nannochloris, or mixed suspensions of Nannochloris and clay. Per capita CR ranged from 0.018 to 0.402 L·mussel1·h1 for zebra mussels and from 0.010 to 0.407 L·mussel1·h1 for quagga mussels. Because quagga mussels had more biomass per unit shell length, we found lower biomass-specific CR for quagga mussels. When fed natural seston, zebra and quagga mussels could selectively reject inorganic material and at the lowest seston level the assimilation efficiency of quagga mussels (81%) was significantly higher than that of zebra mussels (63%). Our experiments suggest that quagga mussels can survive, grow, and feed as well or better than zebra mussels in epilimnetic waters with either low or high productivity.
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Stoeckmann, Ann. "Physiological energetics of Lake Erie dreissenid mussels: a basis for the displacement of Dreissena polymorpha by Dreissena bugensis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-005.
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I measured respiration, shell growth, body mass, and reproduction in sympatric populations of zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (Dreissena bugensis) mussels in western Lake Erie to determine if the species differ in physiological parameters and if any differences provide an explanation for the recent displacement of zebra mussels by quagga mussels. Between May and August, I measured respiration (1998), shell growth of marked mussels suspended in cages in the lake (19992000), soft body mass and mass of gametes released (19982001), and the number of gametes released by individual mussels (1999). Quagga mussels had lower respiration rates and greater shell growth and body mass. There was no difference in the percentage of spawning mussels or the number of sperm released by individuals, but zebra mussels generally released more eggs and a greater mass of gametes than did quagga mussels. Similar reproduction at a lower body mass indicates that zebra mussels devote a greater proportion of body tissue to reproduction. Lower respiration rates and larger size give quagga mussels a competitive advantage and may explain their displacement of zebra mussels.
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Vanderploeg, Henry A., James R. Liebig, Wayne W. Carmichael, Megan A. Agy, Thomas H. Johengen, Gary L. Fahnenstiel, and Thomas F. Nalepa. "Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) selective filtration promoted toxic Microcystis blooms in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 1208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-066.
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Microcystis aeruginosa, a planktonic colonial cyanobacterium, was not abundant in the 2-year period before zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) establishment in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) but became abundant in three of five summers subsequent of mussel establishment. Using novel methods, we determined clearance, capture, and assimilation rates for zebra mussels feeding on natural and laboratory M. aeruginosa strains offered alone or in combination with other algae. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that zebra mussels promoted blooms of toxic M. aeruginosa in Saginaw Bay, western Lake Erie, and other lakes through selective rejection in pseudofeces. Mussels exhibited high feeding rates similar to those seen for a highly desirable food alga (Cryptomonas) with both large ( >53 µm) and small (<53 µm) colonies of a nontoxic and a toxic laboratory strain of M. aeruginosa known to cause blockage of feeding in zooplankton. In experiments with naturally occurring toxic M. aeruginosa from Saginaw Bay and Lake Erie and a toxic isolate from Lake Erie, mussels exhibited lowered or normal filtering rates with rejection of M. aeruginosa in pseudofeces. Selective rejection depended on "unpalatable" toxic strains of M. aeruginosa occurring as large colonies that could be rejected efficiently while small desirable algae were ingested.
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Glllis, P. L., and G. L. Mackie. "Impact of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, on populations of Unionidae (Bivalvia) in Lake St. Clair." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-168.
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Both density (number/m2) and species diversity of unionid populations in the southwestern region of Lake St. Clair have declined since the introduction of the epizoic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). The unionid population in the offshore waters of Puce, Ontario, was surveyed from 1990 to 1992. The density of living unionids decreased significantly [Formula: see text] from 1.75/m2in 1990 to 0.06 in 1991. The number of living species declined from 11 in 1990 to 4 in 1991. No living unionids were found at the Puce site in 1992. The decline in the unionid population corresponded to a significant increase in the number of attached zebra mussels. The average number of zebra mussels per unionid increased from 143 in 1989 to 642 in 1990. The unionid population in the offshore waters of Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, was surveyed in 1991 and 1992. The population declined from 1.98 unionids/m2 in 1991 to 1.36 in 1992, although this was only significant at p = 0.059. The average number of zebra mussels per unionid significantly increased from 9 in 1991 to 155 in 1992. Although thin, alate species of unionids appeared to decline sooner than species with more inflated and rounded shells, all species were affected, with an average of 64% of all dead unionid shells collected containing either living zebra mussels or their byssal threads.
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Raikow, David F. "Food web interactions between larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and exotic zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-171.
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Food web interactions between native larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), exotic invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), and zooplankton were examined with a mesocosm experiment. Hatchling larval bluegill collected from nests were reared in the presence of size-structured populations of zebra mussels in 1500-L limnocorrals suspended in an artificial pond for 2 weeks. Chlorophyll a, other limnological variables, and zooplankton abundance and biomass (including copepod nauplii and rotifers) were monitored over time. During their first 2 weeks of life, larval fish reared in the presence of mussels grew 24% more slowly than fish reared alone. Differential growth rates can be explained by competition between mussels and bluegill for food in the form of microzooplankton. Also likely was an indirect competition via starvation of the zooplankton community as zebra mussels consumed phytoplankton. Either direct or indirect trophic competition between zebra mussels and obligate planktivores may result in ecological harm as zebra mussels spread throughout inland lakes of North America.
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Colborne, S. F., A. D. M. Clapp, F. J. Longstaffe, and B. D. Neff. "Foraging ecology of native pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) following the invasion of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 7 (July 2015): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0372.
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Invasive species are a major concern both biologically and economically because of the rates at which they spread and their alterations to ecosystems. Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are of concern in many regions owing to expenses related to industrial equipment damage and control education efforts. However, their greatest cost may be their ecological impact across North America. We tested pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) from three populations in Ontario (Canada) to determine if there was variation across populations or sampling periods in the consumption of zebra mussels. Using a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses, we found that pumpkinseed diet consisted of primarily zebra mussels across all populations and sampling periods, including a minimum of 54% in all lakes and sampling periods based on stable isotope mixing models. The current resource use patterns of pumpkinseed in our study populations indicate that there has been a shift from their pre-invasion diet of benthic littoral invertebrates such as gastropods. The large-scale consumption of invasive mussels by native fishes may have important implications for natural biological control of these mussels, decreasing overall mussel abundance and rate of spread. We discuss our results in the context of their implications for the overall health and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems.
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Martel, A. L., and J. B. Madill. "Twenty-six years (1990–2015) of monitoring annual recruitment of the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Rideau River, a small river system in Eastern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 10 (October 2018): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0360.
Full textAbstract:
We monitored the recruitment of young-of-year zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)) each autumn at 13 locations within four river reaches along the length (100 km) of the Rideau River, starting in 1990, the year of its discovery in that river, until 2015. Sampling was conducted on bottom structures of locks or on seasonally exposed substrate during autumn drawdowns conducted by Rideau Canal staff. Twenty-six years of monitoring zebra mussels in that river revealed a distinct and persistent upstream–downstream pattern, with highest densities occurring in the two downstream reaches. A “lake effect” was observed at Long Reach, where veligers have ideal conditions for larval development. Highest densities occurred in the mid-1990s, comparable with those reported in the Laurentian Great Lakes during peak invasion (200 000 to 500 000+ mussels/m2). Although the most upstream reaches of the river had low recruitment rates and low densities initially (0.01 to 10 mussels/m2), annual recruitment progressively increased to higher values (10 to 1000+ mussels/m2) because more veligers from the Rideau Lakes and the river headwaters were produced and drifted into the system. This study is unique because it provides a thorough understanding of the 26 years of invasion history of the zebra mussel in a small river system.
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Lewis, Kristin M., Jeffrey L. Feder, and Gary A. Lamberti. "Population genetics of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas): local allozyme differentiation within midwestern lakes and streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-008.
Full textAbstract:
Several aquatic invertebrates with free-swimming larvae have paradoxically demonstrated fine-scale genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we tested for genetic heterogeneity in an exotic freshwater bivalve, the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), which like many marine molluscs has a free-swimming larval stage. Zebra mussels were collected from 22 sites in the Great Lakes and from a small inland lake complex in southwestern Michigan and scored for 13 allozyme loci. Sites were sampled in a hierarchical fashion to assess the spatial scale of genetic variation. Zebra mussel populations exhibited significant genetic heterogeneity on a local scale within lakes, even though populations remained homogenous on a larger regional scale between lakes or lake complexes. The allozyme loci that exhibited heterogeneity differed from lake to lake. Populations also displayed significant heterozygote deficiencies from Hardy-Weinberg expectations for a majority of loci, implying population subdivision and (or) inbreeding on a fine scale. Our results suggest that local genetic differentiation for zebra mussels is both spatially and temporally fluid and is the product of stochastic processes, such as spawning asynchrony and uneven mixing of larval cohorts, rather than natural selection.
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Strayer, David L., Lane C. Smith, and Dean C. Hunter. "Effects of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion on the macrobenthos of the freshwater tidal Hudson River." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-212.
Full textAbstract:
To assess the effect of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion on benthic animal communities, we monitored the macrozoobenthos at eight sites in the freshwater tidal Hudson River in 1990-1995. Zebra mussels were absent or scarce in the Hudson River before September 1992, but abundant (mean 17 000/m2) on hard substrata in 1993-1995 and responsible for large declines in phytoplankton biomass. All of our monitoring stations had soft sediments, and so had low local densities of zebra mussels (mean 78/m2). Nevertheless, we observed marked changes in the macrozoobenthos at these stations. Sphaeriid clams declined by 67% between 1990-1992 and 1993-1995, but no other group of macrobenthos showed a simple change in density between 1990-1992 and 1993-1995 across all eight monitoring sites. Instead, most taxa showed a strong interaction between zebra mussel impacts and water depth. At deep-water sites, macrozoobenthic density declined by 33% between 1990-1992 and 1993-1995, while at shallow-water sites, density rose by 25%. We suggest that these changes were probably caused by reduced sedimentation of edible particles at deep-water sites combined with increased biomass of macrophytes and attached algae at shallow-water sites.
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Vanderploeg, Henry A., Thomas F. Nalepa, David J. Jude, Edward L. Mills, Kristen T. Holeck, James R. Liebig, Igor A. Grigorovich, and Henn Ojaveer. "Dispersal and emerging ecological impacts of Ponto-Caspian species in the Laurentian Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-087.
Full textAbstract:
We describe, explain, and "predict" dispersal and ecosystem impacts of six Ponto-Caspian endemic species that recently invaded the Great Lakes via ballast water. The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and quagga mussel, Dreissena bugensis, continue to colonize hard and soft substrates of the Great Lakes and are changing ecosystem function through mechanisms of ecosystem engineering (increased water clarity and reef building), fouling native mussels, high particle filtration rate with selective rejection of colonial cyanobacteria in pseudofeces, alteration of nutrient ratios, and facilitation of the rapid spread of their Ponto-Caspian associates, the benthic amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, which feeds on zebra mussels. The tubenose goby,Proterorhinus marmoratus, which does not feed on zebra mussels, has not spread rapidly. Impacts of these benthic invaders vary with site: in some shallow areas, habitat changes and the Dreissena [Formula: see text] round goby [Formula: see text] piscivore food chain have improved conditions for certain native game fishes and waterfowl; in offshore waters, Dreissena is competing for settling algae with the native amphipod Diporeia spp., which are disappearing to the detriment of the native deep-water fish community. The predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi may compete with small fishes for zooplankton and increase food-chain length.
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Domm, S., R. W. McCauley, E. Kott, and J. D. Ackerman. "Physiological and Taxonomic Separation of Two Dreissenid Mussels in the Laurentian Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 2294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-253.
Full textAbstract:
Physiological techniques were used to separate two related Dreissena species initially established by electrophoretic and morphological characteristics (May and Marsden. 1992. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 1501–1506). Samples of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and "quagga" mussels (provisionally either Dreissena polymorpha andrusovi or Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) of the same size growing side by side were collected in Lake Erie, thereby ensuring that they had identical thermal histories. Upper lethal temperatures of zebra mussels were significantly higher than those of quagga mussels. The critical thermal maxima of zebra mussels acclimatized at 20 °C were half a degree higher than those of quagga mussels. The average survival times of zebra mussels held at a constant lethal temperature were also significantly longer. These results indicate that in addition to differences in allozyme loci and shell morphology, these two dreissenids may be distinguished by important physiological differences in their thermal resistance; moreover, there may be important ecological differences associated with the different species of dreissenids in North America.
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Ackerman, Josef Daniel, C. Ross Ethier, Jan K. Spelt, D. Grant Allen, and Catherine M. Cottrell. "A wall jet to measure the attachment strength of zebra mussels." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-012.
Full textAbstract:
A wall jet is presented as a novel means of measuring the attachment strength of zebra mussels. Attachment strength was inferred from a fluid detachment parameter (DP), defined as the nominal wall shear stress at the detachment site × mussel length2. DP varied significantly on natural and artificial substrates: in tests with 288 Dreissena bugensis (≈8–10 mm long), the mean (±SE) DP was 8.9 ± 0.9 mPa∙m2 on limestone/dolomite, 5.6 ± 0.5 mPa∙m2 on polyvinylchloride, 4.3 ± 0.4 mPa∙m2 on stainless steel, 4.2 ± 0.5 mPa∙m2 on aluminum, and 2.5 ± 0.3 mPa∙m2 on polymethylmethacrylate (Plexiglas). The attachment strength of postlarval mussels (plantigrades; <1 mm) was two orders of magnitude less than adult mussels. These results were validated with conventional tensile loadings, in which 633 Dreissena bugensis and 26 Dreissena polymorpha were pulled off substrates with a calibrated force scale. The tensile loadings results were comparable with those of marine bivalves. Good correlation between pull-off force and DP was observed. Information of this nature is useful for the implementation of environmentally benign zebra mussel controls.
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Roe, S. L., and H. J. MacIsaac. "Deepwater population structure and reproductive state of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) in Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 2428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-151.
Full textAbstract:
Quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) population structure and reproductive status were assessed at deepwater (37 and 55 m) sites in eastern Lake Erie during July 1996. Mussels occupied ~70% of soft substrates at 37-m sites and between 63 and 90% at 55-m sites. Shell length and dry mass frequency distributions were similar at both sites, although recruits <<= 5 mm comprised a larger proportion of the population at the deeper site. The population surveyed here allocated disproportionately less mass to shell and more to soft tissues relative to zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from shallow-water sites in eastern Lake Erie and from Lake St. Clair. The population at 55 m was slightly skewed toward male mussels (58%). Female mussels that were examined for reproductive state contained mature oocytes (80%) or had spent gonads (20%). Because water temperature at the site was only 4.8°C, this survey provides the first evidence of gonadal development and spawning by quagga mussels at low temperature. These findings contrast with most reports of spawning by congeneric zebra mussels at temperatures >=>12°C but are consistent with distributions of the species in different basins of the lake.
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Lafontaine, Yves de, and Julie Veillette. "Antifouling Effectiveness and Potential Toxicological Risk of an Elastomer-Based Coating against Zebra Mussels." Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n4p125.
Full textAbstract:
The fouling of hard substrates by zebra mussels (Dreissena sp.) in freshwater ecosystems is a persistent problem which calls for antifouling treatments being fully efficient, long-lasting, and environmentally safe. The present study assessed the potential toxicological impact and the effectiveness of an elastomer-based coating containing salts that would make surfaces repulsive to zebra mussel attachment. Laboratory testing using standard analytical methods for water and wastewater, and a battery of six bioassays confirmed that the leachates from the coating exhibited no toxic response suggesting its safety to the receiving environment. In situ experiments using multi-plate collectors indicated that biofouling by zebra mussels and sponges on coated surfaces was effectively reduced by up to 97% over one growing season. Effectiveness of the coating was slightly less (82%) during the second growing season. Results suggested that the repulsive effect would be due to the presence of salts within the elastomer-based coating affecting both zebra mussels and other freshwater organisms. Saltwater experiments indicated that the coating was totally ineffective to prevent biofouling in marine environments. In addition of being environmentally safe to use, results suggested that the coating can be an effective antifouling product for submerged structures in freshwater environments.
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Idrisi, Nasseer, Edward L. Mills, Lars G. Rudstam, and Donald J. Stewart. "Impact of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on the pelagic lower trophic levels of Oneida Lake, New York." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 1430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-070.
Full textAbstract:
We analyzed a data series on nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and young-of-the-year fish from Oneida Lake, New York, to test several hypotheses relating the response of the pelagic food web to grazing by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). System-wide grazing rates increased by one to two orders of magnitude after zebra mussel introduction. The most dramatic change associated with dreissenid grazing was increased water clarity and overall decrease in algal biovolume and Chl a. Contrary to predictions, primary production did not decline. We attribute the lack of whole water column decline in primary productivity to the compensating effect of increased water clarity resulting in deeper penetration of photosynthetically active radiation. We observed no change in total or dissolved phosphorus concentrations. Although algal standing crop declined, Daphnia spp. biomass and production did not, but dominance shifted from Daphnia galeata mendotae to Daphnia pulicaria. Consistent with our findings in the lower food web, we found no evidence that zebra mussels had a negative impact on young yellow perch (Perca flavescens) growth, biomass, or production. Thus, despite the order of magnitude increase in grazing rates and associated decrease in algal biomass, pelagic production at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels did not decline in association with zebra mussels.
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Martel, André. "Demography and growth of the exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Rideau River (Ontario)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-266.
Full textAbstract:
Although many biological studies of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, have been conducted in lake systems of Europe and, more recently, North America, there is little information about the life-history characteristics of this mollusc in river systems. In the present study, the demography and growth of D. polymorpha were studied in the Rideau River (over a distance of ca. 100 km), Ontario, in 1990, 1993, and 1994. This period coincided with the time of its discovery (October 1990) and rapid population increase (1994) in the river. During 1990, zebra mussels were discovered on the hull of a large steel boat but were not observed on any other substrate. During 1993, zebra mussels were common (1–24 mussels/m2) on reefs, locks, wharves, buoys, and boat hulls in the northern, downstream section of the river near Ottawa, Ontario. During 1994, densities of mussels increased 100- to 10 000-fold (156–23 000/m2) in the downstream section, but remained rare in the upstream section (0–1/m2). Size distributions of young of the year in 1993 and 1994 indicate that mean growth rates of D. polymorpha in the Rideau River (0.090–0.139 mm∙d−1) are comparable to those reported for the Great Lakes and European rivers.
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Diepen, Jan, and Cees Davids. "Zebra mussels and polystyrene." Hydrobiological Bulletin 19, no. 2 (December 1985): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02270764.
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