Journal articles: 'Zefa (Firm)'

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van Niekerk, S., and A. P. Malan. "Adjuvants to improve aerial control of the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 2 (2013): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000771.

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AbstractThe citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, is a highly destructive pest of citrus, occurring only in the aerial parts of plants. Humidity will be one of the key factors to consider when using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as biological control agents. Different adjuvants can be added to suspensions of EPNs, to improve control as a foliar application. An aqueous suspension containing Heterorhabditis zealandica and 0.3% Zeba® significantly increased P.citri mortality by 22% at 80% relative humidity (RH) with a temperature cycle starting at 22°C for 14 h and 11°C for 11 h. The same polymer formulation was tested for Steinernema yirgalemense and mortality of P. citri increased by 21% at 60% RH and by 27% at 80% RH. The addition of Nu-Film-P® and Zeba® to H. zealandica suspensions did not significantly retard application run-off on citrus leaves. The combination of Nu-Film-P® and Zeba®, however, was able to significantly retard sedimentation, increasing the average number of nematodes deposited on 2-cm2 leaf discs by 10 nematodes. In an aqueous suspension, nematodes settle rapidly to the bottom, resulting in an uneven distribution of nematodes. Xanthan gum, at a concentration of 0.2%, was highly effective at retarding sedimentation, with 72% of the initial nematode number still in suspension after 1 h. Zeba®, at a concentration of 0.3%, despite not being as effective as Xanthan gum, nevertheless still retarded sedimentation significantly. This is the first report of the potential of Nu-Film-P® and Zeba® to improve EPN performance against P. citri when used above ground in citrus orchards.

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Alam, Javed, Arun Kumar Shukla, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali, and Mansour Alhoshan. "Dye Separation and Antibacterial Activities of Polyaniline Thin Film-Coated Poly(phenyl sulfone) Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 1 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010025.

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We fabricated a nanofiltration membrane consisting of a polyaniline (PANI) film on a polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) substrate membrane. The PANI film acted as a potent separation enhancer and antimicrobial coating. The membrane was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to examine its morphology, topography, contact angle, and zeta potential. We aimed to investigate the impact of the PANI film on the surface properties of the membrane. Membrane performance was then evaluated in terms of water permeation and rejection of methylene blue (MB), an organic dye. Coating the PPSU membrane with a PANI film imparted significant advantages, including finely tuned nanometer-scale membrane pores and tailored surface properties, including increased hydrophilicity and zeta potential. The PANI film also significantly enhanced separation of the MB dye. The PANI-coated membrane rejected over 90% of MB with little compromise in membrane permeability. The PANI film also enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the membrane. The bacteriostasis (BR) values of PANI-coated PPSU membranes after six and sixteen hours of incubation with Escherichia coli were 63.5% and 95.2%, respectively. The BR values of PANI-coated PPSU membranes after six and sixteen hours of incubation with Staphylococcus aureus were 70.6% and 88.0%, respectively.

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Ikeda, Kenichi, Hisao Hachisuka, Toshitaka Nakamura, Shoji Kimura, and Korekazu Ueyama. "Zeta-Potential of Fouled Thin Film Composite Membrane." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 32, no. 5 (1999): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.32.581.

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Liao, Yinfei, Xingwei Song, Maoyan An, Zhe Yang, Xiaodong Hao, and Hourui Ren. "Effect of Dodecane-Oleic Acid Collector Mixture on the Evolution of Wetting Film between Air Bubble and Low-Rank Coal." Minerals 11, no. 1 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010058.

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The wetting film evolution process is essential for flotation, especially in bubble–particle attachment. A mixed collector has been proved effective in promoting flotation. In this paper, the effect of a mixed collector (MC) composed by n-dodecane (D) and oleic acid (OA) on wetting film evolution was investigated using the extended Derjagin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (EDLVO) theory, the Stefan–Reynolds model, induction time, and zeta potential measurement. The hydrophobic force constant between bubble and coal treated by different collectors was analyzed. The results showed that MC was superior in reducing the induction time and increasing the zeta potential. When bubbles interacted with coal treated by MC, they had relatively low interaction energy, high critical film thickness, and high drainage rate. The order of hydrophobic force constant was no reagent < D < OA < MC. It indicated that the hydrophobic interaction between bubbles and coal particles treated by MC was the strongest because of the synergistic effect of D and OA.

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Athira, R., N. Poongothai, P. K. Neena, T. G. Sateesh Babu, and John Stanley. "Study Of Corrosion Protection Effect of Low Cost Bio Extract- Polymer Coating Material for Mild Steel in Acidic and Marine Environments-a Cost Effective Approach." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.15123.

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The present study was carried out to analyze the performance of an anti-corrosion coating obtained from Carica Papaya extract and PMMA polymer applied on mild steel. This combination was characterized by using FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric methods and the presence of major constituents in papaya extract was identified with the functional groups and hetero atoms which able to forms a passive film on the metal surface and protects mild steel from corrosion. These results were verified by visual observation and gravimetric method and then confirmed by electrochemical studies such as Tafel and AC impedance studies. Cyclic voltammetry result study showed that papaya extract confers electroactive property to the polymer. Zeta potential and contact angle measurements of this extract and coating material reinforce protection against corrosion due to high potential& more interfacial tension of the metal surface and hydrophobic nature of film, which repulse the water drops on metal surface, thus giving more adherent, non-porous film.

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Liao, Yinfei, Xingwei Song, Maoyan An, Zhe Yang, Xiaodong Hao, and Hourui Ren. "Effect of Dodecane-Oleic Acid Collector Mixture on the Evolution of Wetting Film between Air Bubble and Low-Rank Coal." Minerals 11, no. 1 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010058.

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The wetting film evolution process is essential for flotation, especially in bubble–particle attachment. A mixed collector has been proved effective in promoting flotation. In this paper, the effect of a mixed collector (MC) composed by n-dodecane (D) and oleic acid (OA) on wetting film evolution was investigated using the extended Derjagin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (EDLVO) theory, the Stefan–Reynolds model, induction time, and zeta potential measurement. The hydrophobic force constant between bubble and coal treated by different collectors was analyzed. The results showed that MC was superior in reducing the induction time and increasing the zeta potential. When bubbles interacted with coal treated by MC, they had relatively low interaction energy, high critical film thickness, and high drainage rate. The order of hydrophobic force constant was no reagent < D < OA < MC. It indicated that the hydrophobic interaction between bubbles and coal particles treated by MC was the strongest because of the synergistic effect of D and OA.

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7

J, Mafumbate, Ndlovu U, Mafuka A, and Gavhure P. "The Influence of Firm Specific Determinants on Financial Performance in the Power Industry." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5(J) (2017): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5(j).1906.

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This study concentrates on the impact of firm specific determinants on financial performance in the power industry. The firm specific determinants used in this study as independent variables were capital structure, firm size and liquidity whilst ROA, ROI and profitability were used as proxies of financial performance. Modigliani and Miller (1958) argue that capital structure has no impact on financial performance whilst the Trade-off theory suggests that the ideal capital structure that helps firm remain financially healthy is the trade-off between cost of leverage and the advantages of debt. Beyond that trade-off point, a firm will start making losses. The target population included 60 employees from all the 5 subsidiaries of the Holding company and researchers used 40 respondents as sample size to enhance reliability. A relationship was established between firm specific determinants and financial performance as measured by ROA, ROI and profitability. The results showed a negative but significant relationship between capital structure and financial performance and they support the pecking order theory which suggests that capital structure is a significant determinant of financial performance. Firm size and financial performance were also negatively related. However, a significant positive relationship was established between liquidity and financial performance. From the findings the researchers concluded that firm specific factors have a significant impact on financial performance. Researchers therefore recommend that ZESA holdings should use its internal funds such as retained earnings and more equity than debt when financing its activities so as to reduce leverage costs which lead to poor performance.

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J, Mafumbate, Ndlovu U, Mafuka A, and Gavhure P. "The Influence of Firm Specific Determinants on Financial Performance in the Power Industry." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5 (2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5.1906.

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This study concentrates on the impact of firm specific determinants on financial performance in the power industry. The firm specific determinants used in this study as independent variables were capital structure, firm size and liquidity whilst ROA, ROI and profitability were used as proxies of financial performance. Modigliani and Miller (1958) argue that capital structure has no impact on financial performance whilst the Trade-off theory suggests that the ideal capital structure that helps firm remain financially healthy is the trade-off between cost of leverage and the advantages of debt. Beyond that trade-off point, a firm will start making losses. The target population included 60 employees from all the 5 subsidiaries of the Holding company and researchers used 40 respondents as sample size to enhance reliability. A relationship was established between firm specific determinants and financial performance as measured by ROA, ROI and profitability. The results showed a negative but significant relationship between capital structure and financial performance and they support the pecking order theory which suggests that capital structure is a significant determinant of financial performance. Firm size and financial performance were also negatively related. However, a significant positive relationship was established between liquidity and financial performance. From the findings the researchers concluded that firm specific factors have a significant impact on financial performance. Researchers therefore recommend that ZESA holdings should use its internal funds such as retained earnings and more equity than debt when financing its activities so as to reduce leverage costs which lead to poor performance.

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9

Risse, L. A., and R. E. McDonald. "Quality of Supersweet Corn Film-overwrapped in Trays." HortScience 25, no. 3 (1990): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.3.322.

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Quality changes of supersweet corn (Zea mays L.) were monitored during storage at 1, 4, or 10C, unwrapped or wrapped in stretch or shrink film. Film-wrapping maintained freshness and reduced moisture loss better than lack of wrapping. Wrapping in shrink film resulted in lower O2 and higher CO2 concentrations within packages than wrapping with stretch film. Film-wrapping in shrink film maintained total soluble solids content better than stretch-wrapping or no wrapping.

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Eubanks, Mary. "Reevaluation of the Identification of Ancient Maize Pollen from Alabama." American Antiquity 62, no. 1 (1997): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282385.

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Fearn and Liu (1995) reported positive identification of a large Poaceae pollen grain recovered from a lake bed core in Alabama dating to 3500 B.P. as Zea mays. Reinterpretation of old data and new data reported here indicate this identification is questionable. Review of the evidence at hand indicates the most likely identification of the pollen grain in question is Tripsacum, although it could be primitive maize, teosinte, or Zea “indiana,” a hybrid between Tripsacum and teosinte. Until the sample size is expanded and a firm identification can be made, caution is urged in interpretations about the significance of this find for early maize agriculture in eastern North America.

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11

Chu, Li Ming, Wang Long Li, Hsiang Chen Hsu, and Jung Shun Tsai. "Effects of Electric Double Layer on Pure Squeeze Motion of Circular Contacts - An Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Model." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.497.

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In this paper, the pure squeeze thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TFEHL) motion of circular contacts with electric double layer (EDL) is explored under constant load condition. The coupled transient modified Reynolds, elasticity deformation, the load balance, and lubricant rheology equations were solved simultaneously by using the finite difference method and the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. The simulation results reveal that the effect of electric double layer produces an obvious increase in the film thickness and apparent viscosity. The greater the Zeta-potential, the greater the apparent viscosity, and the greater the film thickness.

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12

Wilson, Tina, Robert Geneve, and Brent Rowell. "210 Water Uptake in Film-coated shrunken-2 Sweet Corn (Zea mays)." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 478C—478. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.478c.

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One possible influence film-coating may have on seeds is modifying water uptake and electrolyte leaking during imibibition. Film-coating is a seed treatment that can improve sweet corn germination, especially under cold soil conditions. Two shrunken-2 sweet corn varieties (`Even Sweeter' and `Sugar Bowl') were treated with a polymer film-coating and evaluated for water uptake patterns during imibibition. `Even Sweeter' is a low-vigor sweet corn, while `Sugar Bowl' is a high-vigor variety. Standard germination tests were performed according to AOSA rules and suggest film-coated seeds germinated at a slower rate than untreated seeds. After 4 days of imibibition, `Sugar Bowl' film-coated seeds had 5% germination, while untreated seeds had ≈20% germination. However, after 7 days, film-coated seeds had 94% germination with untreated seeds at 80% germination. Results were similar for `Even Sweeter'. Bulk electrical conductivity readings were taken over 24 h to determine the amount of electrolyte leakage during imibibition. Low-vigor `Even Sweeter' had 92% higher overall leakage than high-vigor `Sugar Bowl'. Additional conductivity readings were taken for both seed lots every 2 h for 12 h. Film-treated seeds leaked 15% less than untreated seeds for `Sugar Bowl'. However, `Even Sweeter' film-coated seeds actually leaked 17% more than the untreated seeds. In both cases, 70% of electrolyte leakage occurred within the first 12 h of imibibition. An imibibition curve was established for the two seed lots comparing untreated and film-coated seeds. During the first 6 h of water uptake, film-treated seeds weighed ≈50% more than the untreated seeds for both `Even Sweeter' and `Sugar Bowl'. Pathways for water uptake as influenced by film-coating shrunken-2 seeds will also be presented.

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Wang, Yuting, Wenxiang Luo, Yonggang Tu, and Yan Zhao. "Gelatin-Based Nanocomposite Film with Bacterial Cellulose–MgO Nanoparticles and Its Application in Packaging of Preserved Eggs." Coatings 11, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010039.

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Preserved eggs are prone to lose water during storage, which causes the preserved eggs to shrink and have poor taste, bad flavor, and reduced quality. By studying a degradable coating agent and applying it to preserved eggs, we explored its effect on the quality of preserved eggs during storage. In this paper, the structure and performance of gelatin film (GF), gelatin–bacterial cellulose film (GBF), and gelatin–bacterial cellulose–MgO nanocomposite film (GBMF) were explored by adding bacterial cellulose (BC) and MgO nanoparticles to gelatin. The results showed that the BC solution increased the particle size and absolute value of the zeta potential. The cross-sectional microstructure of the film showed fewer and smaller pores. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased, and the elongation at break (EB) increased significantly. The addition of MgO nanoparticles increased the particle size and reduced the absolute value of the zeta potential. The cross section of the film became denser and more uniform by adding MgO nanoparticles, and the surface hydrophobicity of the film increased, and the EB decreased. After coating the preserved eggs with these films, the weight loss rate, the content of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), and the hardness were lower than that of uncoated preserved eggs. The pH of the uncoated preserved eggs also dropped faster than the coated preserved eggs. Moreover, the preserved egg coated with GBMF had the lowest weight loss rate and the highest sensory score. It can be seen that these three films had a certain preservation effect on preserved eggs, and the GBMF had the best preservation effect.

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Hemati, A., S. Shrestha, M. Agarwal, and K. Varahramyan. "Layer-by-Layer Nanoassembly of Copper Indium Gallium Selenium Nanoparticle Films for Solar Cell Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/512409.

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Thin films of CIGS nanoparticles interdigited with polymers have been fabricated through a cost-effective nonvacuum film deposition process called layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoassembly. CIGS nanoparticles synthesized by heating copper chloride, indium chloride, gallium chloride, and selenium in oleylamine were dispersed in water, and desired surface charges were obtained through pH regulation and by coating the particles with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Raising the pH of the nanoparticle dispersion reduced the zeta-potential from+61 mV at pH 7 to−51 mV at pH 10.5. Coating the CIGS nanoparticles with PSS (CIGS-PSS) produced a stable dispersion in water with−56.9 mV zeta-potential. Thin films of oppositely charged CIGS nanoparticles (CIGS/CIGS), CIGS nanoparticles and PSS (CIGS/PSS), and PSS-coated CIGS nanoparticles and polyethylenimine (CIGS-PSS/PEI) were constructed through the LbL nanoassembly. Film thickness and resistivity of each bilayer of the films were measured, and photoelectric properties of the films were studied for solar cell applications. Solar cell devices fabricated with a 219 nm CIGS film, when illuminated by 50 W light-source, produced 0.7 V open circuit voltage and 0.3 mA/cm2short circuit current density.

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Uchida, Emiko, Yoshikimi Uyama, and Yoshito Ikada. "Zeta Potential of Polycation Layers Grafted onto a Film Surface." Langmuir 10, no. 4 (1994): 1193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00016a037.

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Wilson, Tina, Robert Geneve, and Brent Rowell. "Imbibition Rates in Film-coated Shrunken-2 Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Seeds." HortScience 35, no. 4 (2000): 552A—552. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.552a.

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Mutant endosperm associated with shrunken-2 sweet corn possesses a high osmotic potential that increases the rate of imbibition. Membrane damage associated with the rapid influx of water during imbibition can play a role in the poor emergence and seedling vigor associated with sweet corn germination. Film-coating as a seed treatment has been used to improve germination and vigor in sweet corn. This improvement may be associated with alterations in the kinetics of imbibition. Two seed lots of shrunken-2 sweet corn, low-vigor `Even Sweeter' and high vigor `Sugar Bowl', were treated with a polymer film-coating and evaluated for differences in water uptake. Imbibition curves were established for nontreated and film-coated seeds. Seeds were weighed every hour for 6 hours and showed a significant difference between the two treatments in fresh weight for both cultivars. This pattern continues throughout the imbibition phase of germination and continues into the lag period. Bulk conductivity tests resulted in no significant mean difference between untreated and film treated seeds after 24 hours. Film treatment assumes characteristics of a hydrophilic polymer. Electrolyte leakage is not reduced and imbibition rate increases by 18% for both varieties of film-coated seeds.

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Lu, Shao Wei, Xian Jun Zeng, Peng Nie, and Chun Xu Zhang. "Influence of Centrifugation Time and Force on Monodispersion of MWCNTs Aqueous Solution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1122.

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Achieving the monodispersion of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is a challenging work for CNTs application. Centrifugation as a standard procedure was employed to remove remaining large bundles and leaving primarily individual nanotubes and small bundles in the supernatant. The optimum centrifugation time and force were 30min and 12×103g, respectively , which were determined by UV-vis absorbance, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential and the residual MWCNTs concentration after centrifugation. Through centrifugation treatments, the uniform and stable MWCNTs monodispersion can be obtained and the Zeta potential was as high as-53.8mv after one month. The film formed from optimized MWCNTs monodispersed solution is smooth and flexible.

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Afriyanti, Afriyanti. "Karakteristik Edible Film Selulosa Batang Jagung (Zea mays) dengan Penambahan Sorbitol." Jurnal Ilmu Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian 4, no. 2 (2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/jiphp.v4i2.7106.

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Selulosa merupakan penyusun utama dinding sel pada tanaman, selulosa (C6H10O5)n merupakan polimer rantai panjang dari polisakarida, 1,4-beta-D-glukosa. Selulosa dapat diekstraksi dari limbah batang jagung dengan rendemen sebesar 35,61%. Selulosa ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan edible film selain pati. Peningkatan kualitas fisikokimia edible film dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan plastisizer, seperti sorbitol. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan edible film dari selulosa batang jagung dengan penambahan sorbitol sebagai plastisizer. Rancangan percobaan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor, yaitu Konsentrasi Sorbitol (A) dengan 6 taraf perlakuan yaitu A1 = 0% (kontrol), A2 = 1 ml; A3 = 2 ml; A4 = 3 ml; A5 = 4 ml dan A6 = 5 mL. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali sehingga diperoleh unit percobaan 6 x 3 = 18 unit percobaan. Analisis produk yang dilakukan adalah ketebalan, tensile strength, dan pH dari edible film. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa edible terbaik dengan nilai tensile strength tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan penambahan sorbitol 4 ml yaitu sebesar 9,45MPa.

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Błażewicz-Woźniak, Marzena. "Effect of soil and plant covering and sowing time on the yield of fennel bulbs grown from sowing directly in the field." Folia Horticulturae 22, no. 2 (2010): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0160.

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Abstract A field experiment on fennel growing (Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum Mill.) was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on a grey-brown podzolic soil. The experiment included the following factors: three kinds of covers - soil covering with black polyethylene film (PE 0.05 mm), soil covering with black polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP 50 g m-2) and flat covering of plants with white polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP 17 g m-2); three sowing terms - April, May, June; two fennel cultivars - ‘Rudy F1’ and ‘Zefa Fino’. Soil mulching with PP50 and, to a slightly lesser degree, black PE, caused an increase in the total and marketable yield of fennel bulbs and had a favourable effect on the yield structure. The lowest yield, with the highest share of non-marketable bulbs, was obtained following plant covering with PP17. The bulbs were the largest in the experimental treatments with PP50 mulching. The smallest bulbs were harvested following PP17 plant covering. For fennel growing, the most favourable sowing time was April. The lowest yield was obtained from the June sowings. The cultivars studied did not vary in terms of yield level and structure. The bulbs of the ‘Zefa Fino’ cultivar were longer and more slender than those of the ‘Rudy F1’ cultivar

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Yanti, Sahri. "ANALISIS EDIBLE FILM DARI TEPUNG JAGUNG PUTIH (Zea mays L.) TERMODIFIKASI GLISEROL DAN KARAGENEN." Jurnal TAMBORA 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v4i1.562.

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Edible film berbahan dasar tebung jagung putih dimodifikasi dengan karagianan dan gliserol. Gel dari karagenan dapat meningkatkan kekuatan dan homogenitas suspensi edible film. Sementara gliserol dapat meningkatkan permeabilitas film, selain itu menjadikan film lebih halus dan tidak mudah retak. Tujuan penelitian antara lain mengetahui Kualitas edible film dari tepung jagung putih diketahui dengan cara: karakterisasi dan uji proksimat tepung jagung sebagai bahan baku, analisis sifat fisik dan mekanik edible film, optimasi konsentrasi optimal gliserol dan karagenan. Optimasi konsentrasi dilakukan dengan melakuakan variasi konsentrasi gliserol (5%, 10%, dan 15%) dan konsentrasi karagenan (1%, 2% dan 3%). Karaktistik dan kualitas tepung jagung putih dari Kabupaten Sumbawa menggunakan FTIR dan uji proksimat serta uji warna. Spektra IR menunjukkan bahwa tepung jagung Sumbawa tersusun dari gugus fungsi alkana, alkohol, keton/aldehid, hemiaketal dan hemiasetal yang merupakan gugus fungsi dari molekul karbohidrat. Sementara hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan bahwa tepung jagung Sumbawa memiliki kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, karbohidrat, amilosa, amilopektin serta pati berurut – turut: 12,61%; 0,72%; 0,08% ;0,41% ;86,17% ;55,40%; 19,84% ;77,30%. Hasil uji warna tepung jagung menunjukkan bahwa tepung jagung tanpa perlakukan memiliki warna putih tulang dan gelap, sehingga dalam penggunaanya sebagai bahan edile film perlu dimodifikasi dengan cara perendaman dalam natrium metabisulfit kemudian difermentasi untuk mengurangi kadar asam fitat yang bersifat antinutrisi dalam tepung jagung. Sifat fisik dan mekanik dari edible film berbahan dasar tepung jagung putih diketahui menggunakan uji warna, kuat tarik dan persen pemanjangan film didukung oleh FTIR. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan pengaruh gliserol dan karagenan terlihat dari vibrasi ikatan O–H (3400-3300 cm-1), vibrasi ikatan CH2 (1465 ) overlap dengan vibrasi ikatan S–O, S═O pada karagenan, vibrasi ikatan C–O, C═O (1600 cm-1, 1200-1020 cm-1) yang terlihat pada spektra IR edibe film G5%K2%. Konsentrasi optimal gliserol dan karagenan dalam pembuatan edible film tepung jagung putih yakni: gliserol 5-10% dan karagenan 3% sebab memiliki elongasi dan kuat tarik optimum serta warna edible film yang cerah. Elongasi dan kuat tarik optimum berturut - turut : 40 – 43.33%; 2,4 – 3,6 N. Hasil uji warna sampel edible film dengan kandungan gliserol 5-10% dan karagenan 3% menunjukkan index keputihan 54-58.

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Akbari, Azam, Azim Akbarzadeh, Morteza Rafiee Tehrani, Reza Ahangari Cohan, Mohsen Chiani, and Mohammad Reza Mehrabi. "Development and Characterization of Nanoliposomal Hydroxyurea Against BT-474 Breast Cancer Cells." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 10, no. 1 (2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2020.005.

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Purpose: Hydroxyurea (HU) is a well-known chemotherapy drug with several side effects which limit its clinical application. This study was conducted to improve its therapeutic efficiency against breast cancer using liposomes as FDA-approved drug carriers. Methods: PEGylated nanoliposomes-containing HU (NL-HU) were made via a thin-film hydration method, and assessed in terms of zeta potential, size, morphology, release, stability, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity. The particle size and zeta potential of NL-HU were specified by zeta-sizer. The drug release from liposomes was assessed by dialysis diffusion method. Cellular uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity was designated by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Results: The size and zeta value of NL-HU were gotten as 85 nm and -27 mV, respectively. NL-HU were spherical.NL-HU vesicles were detected to be stable for two months. The slow drug release and Weibull kinetic model were obtained. Liposomes considerably enhanced the uptake of HU into BT-474 human breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of NL-HU on BT-474 cells was found to be significantly more than that of free HU. Conclusion: The results confirmed these PEGylated nanoliposomes containing drug are potentially suitable against in vitro model of breast cancer.

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Le T. M., Hanh, T. Thuy Do, T. Dung Hoang, et al. "Development of Novel 3d Printable Graphene-based Composite Towards Fabrication of Thin Film Electrode Material." Communications in Physics 30, no. 4 (2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/30/4/15447.

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Graphene/polymer composite thin film electrodes have many important applications, but the fabrication of these electrodes is often difficult because of poor processability of graphene. This paper presents the primary results on using 3D printing technique for thin film electrode preparation from graphene-based composite ink. The printing ink was synthesized from graphene oxide (GO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder and stabilizer, and ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent. The measured zeta potential value showed that PVA can make GO ink more stable, the absolute value of zeta potential increased from 10.1 mV (without PVA) to 31.4 mV (with 12 wt. % PVA). The thin film electrodes can be easily printed using GO/PVA/AA composite ink, and obtained voltammograms recorded on the surface of these electrodes in 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] solution clearly indicated the GO reduction by AA. The best electrochemical properties of printed electrodes were founded in the case of composite ink with wt/wt ratio GO:PVA:AA = 80:12:8. The cyclic voltammetric results demonstrated the linear dependence of the anodic and cathodic signals of redox couple [Fe(CN)6]4-/K3[Fe(CN)6]3- with the square root of scan rate, indicating a reversible redox reaction on the electrode surface. The thin films printed from GO/PVA/AA composite ink can be used as electrode material for diverse applications in electrochemistry.

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Chen, Yan, Xiao Yan Lin, and Wei Xing Wang. "Preliminary Studies on the Preparation of New-Style White Mud / KGM Membrane." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.41.

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The influences of preparing conditions on mechanical properties of the white mud (WM) / Konjac glucomannan (KGM) composite film (MKG) were investigated by orthogonal experiments. Zeta potential analysis and DSC were used to characterize the properties of WM and MKG. The results show that the mechanical properties of MKG films can be enhanced through proper modification. Optimized processing parameters of MKG film are described as following: the ratio of KGM, WM, benzoic acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(LAS) and stearic acid was 100:14:2:0.24:0.14. 1.00 (wt) % of KGM powder was swelled in deionized water with WM modified by stearic acid, benzoic acid and LAS, stirred for 1.5 hour at 60°C and then paved on plate and dried at 40°C for 15 h to form the MKG film.

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Nnamani, Petra, Ogechukwu Nnadi, Emmanuel Ibezim, et al. "In vivo antiplasmodial potential of Carrageenan and Prosopis africana buccal films of artemether on malariogenic mice." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 1-s (2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1-s.3790.

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Objective: To deliver bioadhesive buccal films of artemether (ART) with ability to adhere, hydrate and release drug across the buccal membrane. Methods: Buccal films prepared by film casting using carrageenan (CAR) and Prosopis africana (PRO) were characterized by size, zeta potential, texture, water content, morphology, thermal and interaction studies, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity in mice. Results: Films were stable with sizes (2442 and 835 nm), water content (21 and 15 %), bioadhesivity (24 and 9.4 %) and film thickness (0.18 and 0.28 mm) for CARART and PROART respectively. Enthalpy of CARART, PROART and ART were 76, 22 and 88 J/g where as parasitaemia reduction of 67 and 76 % were observed for CARART and PROART respectively. Conclusion: Though CARART had better water content and bioadhesivity necessary for film hydration at buccal membrane, PROART eventually had superior buccal performance perhaps due to its film thickness and amorphous nanoparticle subdivision. Key words: Artemether; Carrageenan; Prosopis africana; Sublingual buccal films; Malaria

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Rue, David, David Webster, and Alfred Traverse. "LATE HOLOCENE FIRE AND AGRICULTURE IN THE COPAN VALLEY, HONDURAS." Ancient Mesoamerica 13, no. 2 (2002): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610213210x.

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Pollen and charcoal analysis of a 5.3-m sediment core from Aguada Petapilla, a peat bog, provides evidence of late Holocene vegetation and fire history in the Copan Valley, Honduras. Low concentration and preservation problems characterized the pollen flora, but there are taxa present indicative of major agricultural trends, including Zea mays. Microscopic charcoal fragments are well represented and record continued burning in the region since the lowest level of the core (5700 B.P. [3750 B.C.]). Presence of Zea indicates that maize farming was initiated by as early as 2300 B.C. Three peaks in charcoal-fragment frequencies occur in periods centered approximately at 900 B.C., 400 B.C., and A.D. 600. Fires in this relatively dry region of the southern Maya Lowlands (whose mean annual rainfall is about 1,400 mm) could have resulted from natural forest fires or human agricultural clearing at any time in the Holocene. This contrasts with wetter areas of tropical Central and South America (mean annual rainfall of about 2,500–4,000 mm) where significant climatic drying is required to ignite primary tropical forest.

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Zhang, Xin, Xue Dong Wu, and Bao Jiao Gao. "Studies on Cationic Property of Quaternary Polyethyleneimine." Materials Science Forum 689 (June 2011): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.689.432.

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In this paper, the inhibition efficiency of Quaternary Polyethyleneimine (QPEI) self-adsorbed films was studied by polarization curve and weight loss method. We made an intensive study of its anticorrosion mechanism for low carbon steel in different acid baths using Polyethyleneimine(PEI) and QPEI as inhibitor, respectively. Diatomite particles were surface-modified with PEI and QPEI, respectively, and their zeta potentials were measured. The morphologies and compositions of the polymer film on the steel surface were examined with the aids of SEM and XPS, respectively. Compared with PEI, the cationic property is stronger, and it is not influenced by the PH value of mediums. The zeta potential of diatomite particles surface-modified with QPEI remains higher positive in whole PH range. The above facts enough confirm that anticorrosion mechanism of QPEI for low carbon steel attributes to its possessing outstanding cationic property.

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Zhu, Weiwei, Qingge Feng, Qi Luo, Xiukui Bai, Xianhao Lin, and Zhao Zhang. "Effects of PCE on the Dispersion of Cement Particles and Initial Hydration." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123195.

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The effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) on the dispersing properties and initial hydration of cement particles with various water-to-cement (w/c) ratios was investigated, including the water film thickness (WFT), rheology, fluidity, adsorption of PCEs, zeta potential, degree of hydration, hydration products. The experimental results demonstrate that the initial rheological and fluidity parameters were more sensitive to the PCE dosage at a lower w/c because the WFT and the zeta potential on cement particles change more significantly. Moreover, the higher adsorption amounts of the PCEs at a lower w/c lead to a stronger inhibition of the initial hydration, whilst, at the same PCE dosage, the cement pastes have a more rapid fluidity loss and quicker hydration reactions at a higher w/c due to a lower adsorption amount of the PCE on cement particles.

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Islam, Nayyer, Muhammad Irfan, Salah-Ud-Din Khan та ін. "Poloxamer-188 and d-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate (TPGS-1000) Mixed Micelles Integrated Orodispersible Sublingual Films to Improve Oral Bioavailability of Ebastine; In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization". Pharmaceutics 13, № 1 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010054.

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Orodispersible sublingual films (OSFs) composed of hydrophilic polymers were loaded with poloxamer-188 and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS-1000) mixed micelles to improve the oral bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug, ebastine (EBT). Mixed micelles formed by thin-film hydration method were incorporated into orodispersible sublingual film, consisting of HPMC and glycerol, using solvent casting technique. The mixed micelles and films were thoroughly evaluated for physicochemical characterization (size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, thickness, weight, surface pH studies, disintegration time, swelling indices, mechanical properties, FTIR, PXRD, DSC, SEM, AFM, in vitro drug release, in vivo bioavailability, and toxicological studies). The results showed that the average particle size of mixed micelles was 73 nm. The mean zeta potential and PDI of the optimal mixed micelles formulation were −26 mV and 0.16, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum entrapment efficiency 82% was attained. The film’s disintegration time was in the range of 28 to 102 s in aqueous media. The integrity of micelles was not affected upon incorporation in films. Importantly, the micelles-loaded films revealed rapid absorption, high permeability, and increased bioavailability of EBT as compared to the pure drug. The existence of ebastine loaded mixed micelles in the films enhanced the bioavailability about 2.18 folds as compared to pure drug. Further, the results evidently established in-vitro and in-vivo performance of bioavailability enhancement, biocompatibility, and good safety profile of micelles-loaded orodispersible EBT films. Finally, it was concluded that film loaded with poloxamer-188/TPGS-1000 mixed micelles could be an effective carrier system for enhancing the bioavailability of ebastine.

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Meepho, Malinee, Nutthita Chuankrerkkul, Sirima Chauoon, and Rojana Pornprasertsuk. "Process Optimization and Characterization of YSZ Thin Film Electrolyte on Anode Substrate Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition Technique." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.471.

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Thin film electrolyte made of 8-mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) was fabricated on porous NiO-8YSZ anode substrates using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The porous NiO-8YSZ anode substrates were prepared by powder injection molding technique. The electrolyte suspensions containing 8YSZ nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a dispersant (1-19 wt%) were formed in ethanol. The maximum zeta potential value was obtained from the 8YSZ suspension with 5 wt% PEG considered as an optimal content of PEG dispersant. The electrophoretic deposition of 8YSZ film was performed on the porous anode substrate using a constant voltage of 30 V for 150 sec prior to co-sintering at different temperatures in order to obtain dense 8YSZ electrolyte film on the porous anode substrate. Co-sintering at 1250°C for 1 h resulted in a formation of a dense 8YSZ thin-film electrolyte with a thickness of 6.35 mm. An open circuit voltage at 800°C of a single cell having 8YSZ thin-film electrolyte on porous NiO-8YSZ anode substrate was 1.09 V, indicating a gas-tightness of 8YSZ thin-film electrolyte fabricated by using EPD.

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30

Wang, Ying, Jianfeng Li, Hui Li, Xiaodan Wang, Hong Lei, and Jichuan Huo. "Chitosan Modified Corn Starch and Its Application as a Glass Fibre Sizing Agent." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (June 30, 2017): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1699.

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Chitosan-modified corn starch was prepared and then applied as a glass fiber sizing agent. The effect of the chitosan on starch-based emulsion, film and sized glass fiber was studied. When 5 % of the chitosan was added, the overall performance of the modified film-forming agent was optimal. The viscosity, surface tension and zeta potential of the sizing agent were 44.99 mPa·s, 51.29 mN·m[sup]-1[/sup] and 4.5 mV, respectively. The modified sizing agent could easily spread over the surface of glass fibre, and conglutinated to the glass surface firmly. The tensile strength and stiffness of modified-starch glass fiber reached 0.43 N·tex[sup]-1[/sup] and 4.96 cm. Glass fiber with good overall performance was obtained.

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31

Poudel, Asmita, George Gachumi, Kishor M. Wasan, Zafer Dallal Bashi, Anas El-Aneed, and Ildiko Badea. "Development and Characterization of Liposomal Formulations Containing Phytosterols Extracted from Canola Oil Deodorizer Distillate along with Tocopherols as Food Additives." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 4 (2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11040185.

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Phytosterols are plant sterols recommended as adjuvant therapy for hypercholesterolemia and tocopherols are well-established anti-oxidants. However, thermo-sensitivity, lipophilicity and formulation-dependent efficacy bring challenges in the development of functional foods, enriched with phytosterols and tocopherols. To address this, we developed liposomes containing brassicasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol obtained from canola oil deodorizer distillate, along with alpha, gamma and delta tocopherol. Three approaches; thin film hydration-homogenization, thin film hydration-ultrasonication and Mozafari method were used for formulation. Validated liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilized to determine the entrapment efficiency of bioactives. Stability studies of liposomal formulations were conducted before and after pasteurization using high temperature short time (HTST) technique for a month. Vesicle size after homogenization and ultrasonication (<200 nm) was significantly lower than by Mozafari method (>200 nm). However, zeta potential (−9 to −14 mV) was comparable which was adequate for colloidal stability. Entrapment efficiencies were greater than 89% for all the phytosterols and tocopherols formulated by all three methods. Liposomes with optimum particle size and zeta potential were incorporated in model orange juice, showing adequate stability after pasteurization (72 °C for 15 s) for a month. Liposomes containing phytosterols obtained from canola waste along with tocopherols were developed and successfully applied as a food additive using model orange juice.

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Rao, T. V. V. L. N., S. Sufian, and Norani Muti Mohamed. "Analysis of Electric Double Layer on Thin Film Lubrication with Partial Slip." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.538.

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This paper presents a model of electro-viscosity considering effects of electric double layer on thin film lubrication with partial slip. The apparent viscosity and modified Reynolds equation are derived with consideration of electric double layer with partial slip. The apparent viscosity includes the combined effects of the electro-viscosity, the viscosity of bulk fluid and slip length. The electro-viscosity depends on the zeta potential. The effects of electric double layer with partial boundary slip on load capacity are analyzed for one-dimensional slider bearing. The electric double layer leads to an increase in apparent viscosity of lubricant and hence load capacity in thin film lubrication. Electric double layer with partial slip on parallel bearing surfaces increases the bearing load capacity.

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33

Fiori, Giovanni, Francesca di Donato, and Daniele Macciocchi. "IFRS and international differences: an empirical analysis on their application worldwide." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 2 (2014): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i2c6p2.

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This study is based on the analysis of Nobes (2006) and Zeff (2007), demonstrating that different countries tend to adopt IFRS through the implementation of the options that are closely related to their culture. In a sample of 189 publicly traded firms from 7 different countries, we provide a first evidence of the application of some specific IAS/IFRS standards worldwide. IFRS, like any other set of accounting standards, offer firms substantial discretion (different options) in applying the standards. Our descriptive statistics show that, on average, countries tend to implement the options more suitable for their accounting, legal and tax culture, making international differences within IFRS survive. This study wants to be a call for future research regarding the IAS/IFRS adoption worldwide.

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34

Baldisserri, Carlo, Davide Gardini, and Carmen Galassi. "A Controlled Colloidal Destabilization Approach for the Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) from Cobalt Ferrite and Magnetite Nanoparticles Suspensions in Diethylene Glycol." Key Engineering Materials 507 (March 2012): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.507.85.

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Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles suspensions in diethylene glycol were tested as candidate systems for the EPD of CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4. It was found that despite the high stability and high zeta potential of such suspensions and the occurrence of mass transport at the electrode, they are not viable systems for EPD, due to coagulation failure. However, dilution of both suspensions with ethanol caused film coagulation at electric field between 20 and 60 V cm-1. Combinations of electric field and DEG volume fraction in ethanol/suspension mixtures that allow EPD to take place are detailed, and a description of the outcome of EPD trials is provided. A qualitative discussion of the causes of film consolidation in the presence of ethanol is presented.

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35

Maurya, Sheo Datta. "EFFECTS OF PH, SALT, TEMPERATURE ON CONVENTIONAL LIPOSOMES SIZE ENLARGEMENT ANALYZED BY OPTICAL MICROSCOPE." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 1, no. 1 (2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v1i1.104.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of experimental conditions like pH, salt, temperature on the interactions of conventional liposomes. The model drug Stavudine was entrapped in the liposomes composed of Phosphotidyl Choline and cholesterol in the ratio of 200mg: 80mg and prepared by thin film hydration method. Liposomes preparation was characterized and compared for particle size, mean dispersion, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential and the size enlargement studies were carried out in optical microscope by using Magnus.

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36

Li, Ya Ling, Xi Guo, Xiao Juan Feng, and Lu Hai Li. "Graphene Oxide for Ink-Jet Printing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 748 (April 2015): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.748.77.

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In order to acquire a suitable ink for ink-jet printing technology, a graphene oxide ink was explored based on the GO aqueous dispersion. The GO dispersion was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle diameter and zeta potential of the GO dispersion was determined by zeta potential & particle size analyzer. The GO ink is composed of 1,2-propanediol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, glycerol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and GO dispersion. The surface tension and viscosity of the GO ink was tested by surface tension meter and rheometer. The GO ink was inkjet printed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The optimal inkjet printing parameters were obtained and the printing quality was characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that the GO ink is suitable for inkjet printing technology and the morphology of the GO film with one printing pass has good uniformity.

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37

Simonič, Marjana. "Compost leachate treatment using polyaluminium chloride and nanofiltration." Open Chemistry 15, no. 1 (2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2017-0015.

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AbstractLaboratory scale filtration tests utilizing leachate were conducted to investigate fouling and filtration performance of nanofiltration membranes. The work presented in this study is conducted on real samples rather than model water. Physico-chemical analyses showed that the leachate contained a lot of organic substances, exceeding 20000 mg/L O2 expressed as chemical oxygen demand. Proper pre-treatment method must be chosen in order to reduce fouling index. Coagulation pre-treatment using poly-aluminium chloride was chosen. Two thin film polysulfone membranes were used, purchased by Osmonic Desal. The focus of this research is to assess the influence of the particle size and zeta-potential of the colloidal fraction in leachate on nanofiltration performance. The isoelectric point of both membranes was 4.7 and 4.3, respectively. The fouled membranes were negatively charged over the pH range with isoelectric point shifting to the left (lower pH) indicating the foulant material mainly not charged. It was confirmed by its zeta-potential, measured at -2 mV.

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38

Wilson, Tina, Robert Geneve, and Brent Rowell. "422 Water Uptake Patterns in shrunken-2 Sweet Corn (Zea mays) during Imbibition of Film-coated Seeds." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 466A—466. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.466a.

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Membrane damage associated with rapid influx of water during imbibition can play a role in the poor emergence and seedling vigor associated with sweet corn germination. Film-coating as a seed treatment has been used to improve germination and vigor in sweet corn and this improvement may not be associated with changes in imbibition rate. Two seed lots of shrunken-2 variety sweet corn, low-vigor `Even Sweeter' and high-vigor `Sugar Bowl', were treated with a hydrophilic polymer film-coating and evaluated for differences in emergence and water uptake. Both cultivars were grown at 19, 21, and 26 °C with no effect on emergence due to film-coating. Imbibition curves were established for untreated and hydrophilic film-coated seeds. Film-coated seeds showed an 18% increase in fresh weight compared to untreated seeds for both cultivars during a 6-h period. Bulk conductivity tests resulted in no significant mean difference between untreated and hydrophilic-treated seeds after 24 h. These seed lots have been treated with a hydrophobic polymer and are currently being evaluated for cold temperature emergence and imbibition rates. Water entry during imbibition will also be compared for untreated sugary (su) and shrunken-2 (sh2) seeds using the fluorescent compound trisodium salt, 8-hydroxypyrene-1, 3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS).

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Li, Ming, Kaiping Zhang, Ibrahim M. Eldoma, Yanjie Fang, and Feng Zhang. "Plastic Film Mulching Sustains High Maize (Zea mays L.) Grain Yield and Maintains Soil Water Balance in Semiarid Environment." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (2020): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040600.

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Ridge–furrow cultivation with plastic film mulching has been widely used for many years to increase crop yields in semiarid regions. The long-term effects of plastic mulching on crop yield and soil water balance need to be seriously considered to assess the sustainability of this widely used field management technique. A seven-year maize field experiment was conducted during 2012–2018 to estimate the yield sustainability and soil water balance with two treatments—mulching (yes; no) and nitrogen fertilization (yes; no). This resulted in the following four groups—no film mulching, no N application (M0N0); film mulching, no N application (M1N0); no film mulching, N application (M0N1); film mulching and N application (M1N1). Our results show that plastic mulching significantly increased maize yield. A combination of mulching and nitrogen application had the highest sustainability yield index (SYI) of 0.75, which was higher than the other three treatments, with SYI values of 0.31, 0.33, and 0.39, respectively. Plastic film mulching increased soil water content and water storage in both the sowing and harvesting periods and did not cause the formation of dry soil layers. Precipitation storage efficiency (PSE) in the nongrowing season played a key role in maintaining the soil water balance and it was positively affected by plastic film mulching. Our research indicates that plastic mulching and N application could maintain maize yield sustainability and the soil water balance of agriculture in semiarid regions. In addition, we highlight the importance of nongrowing season precipitation, and thus, we suggest that mulching the field land with plastic film throughout the whole year should be adopted by farmers to store more precipitation, which is important to crop growth.

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40

Panatarani, Camellia, Hera Redianti, Ferry Faizal, Eka Cahya Prima, Brian Yuliarto, and I. Made Joni. "Synthesis and Dispersion of Ni-Doped Cu₂ZnSnS₄." Key Engineering Materials 860 (August 2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.860.42.

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This paper reports the preliminary study on the synthesis of Ni doped CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4:Ni) particle 5 at.% of Cu by solution method and dispersion of the obtained particles by beads mill method at various dispersing agents (SDS, CTAB, and Tween80). The phase transformation of the obtained particles was analyzed from the XRD spectra and XRF elemental analysis. The phase transformation and amount of Ni-doped to particles was predicted employing commercially available analytical software tool Match! Version 2.x. Moreover, the dispersion characteristics were investigated includes size, size distribution, and zeta potential of bare particles in comparison to various dispersing agents. This characteristic related to the future application of CZTS as an absorber in a thin-film based PV. The XRD analysis showed that the obtained particle contained crystal structure of copper sulfate pentahydrate (75.9 %), Ni(HN2S2)2 (12.5 %), and Cu2ZnSnS4 (11.6%). The XRF elemental analysis showed that amount of Ni-doped was 6.8 at.%; it was higher than the initial design amount of Ni doping. The dispersion of suspended particles was the majority (90%) with an average size of 3.06 µm and only 10 % with size 255 nm. Beads-milling of particles without dispersing agents did not disintegrate agglomerated particles. It is highlighted dispersion only using magnetic stirred with SDS dispersing agent provides the best suspension with a majority (60%) in 166 nm and only 30 % with average size 3.06 µm with relatively high zeta potential (-17 mV). It was concluded that the presence of a multi-phase crystal needs to be resolved either by proper calcination at a higher temperature than 400°C or further heating at a higher temperature during film preparation. High-energy centrifugation of zirconia beads mill caused desorption of adsorbed steric stabilization of dispersing agent under investigation. Further investigation on the coating process to facilitated laboratory fabrication of thin-film absorber with SDS as a dispersing agent is necessary to carry out concerning the properties of the thin-film.

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41

Lee, Dooyoung, Jiyeon Kim, Michael T. Beste, Gary A. Koretzky, and Daniel A. Hammer. "Diacylglycerol kinase zeta negatively regulates CXCR4-stimulated T lymphocyte firm arrest to ICAM-1 under shear flow." Integrative Biology 4, no. 6 (2012): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ib00002d.

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GUTBERLET, MARIE–HÉLÈNE. "Towards an Aesthetic of the Migrant Self — The Film by José Zeka Laplaine." Matatu 36, no. 1 (2009): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789042028166_019.

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43

Nitta, Yuki, Keishi Okamoto, Tatsuyuki Nakatani, et al. "Diamond-like carbon thin film with controlled zeta potential for medical material application." Diamond and Related Materials 17, no. 11 (2008): 1972–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.05.004.

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44

Wei, Kejian, Lin Chen, Yao Qu, et al. "Zeta potential of microarc oxidation film on zirlo alloy in different aqueous solutions." Corrosion Science 143 (October 2018): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.08.006.

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45

Watanabe, M., and D. B. Williams. "The New Form Of The Zeta-Factor Method For Quantitative Microanalysis In Aem-Xeds And Its Evaluation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013763.

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For quantitative thin-film microanalysis using X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) in analytical electron microscopy (AEM) the Cliff-Lorimer ratio technique is widely applied. One of the critical steps in the ratio technique is to determine the aiff-Lorimer k factor relating the characteristic X-ray intensities to the compositions. The k factor can be determined experimentally with the relative error of ˜ ± 1%. So, the most accurate quantification can be performed using the experimental k factors. To determine the k factors experimentally, standard thin-filrns with known composition are required. Unfortunately, this is not always possible because such the standards may not be available. Even if all standards are available, many k factors should be determined in multi-component system. This is time consuming. These limitations in k-factor determination make thin-film quantification harder. This paper presents a new quantitative procedure for thin specimens to overcome these limitations.

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Zuo, Qi Yang, Huang Ping, and Glenn Kwabena Gyimah. "The Effect of Asymmetrical Electric Double Layer on Pressure of Hydrodynamic Lubricating Film." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1536.

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In this paper, the effect of the asymmetrical electric double layers of two friction surfaces on the pressure distribution in hydrodynamic lubrication regime is discussed. Based on the origin of the streaming potential, a formula to calculate the streaming potential gradient in the lubrication regime is derived. Then, the modified Reynolds equation with considering the asymmetrical electric double layers is used in the numerical analysis. The analysis results show that the asymmetrical electric double layers lead to a significant increase of the pressure when the lubricating film is very thin (below 100 nm). Overall, the larger the sum of the two zeta potentials, the larger the pressure increment is.

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Liang, Shangjuan, Xiang Jiao, Xiaohong Tan, and Jianqiang Zhu. "Effect of solvent film and zeta potential on interfacial interactions during optical glass polishing." Applied Optics 57, no. 20 (2018): 5657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.57.005657.

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Cohen, R. W., G. P. Waldbauer, S. Friedman, and N. M. Schiff. "Nutrient self-selection by Heliothis zea larvae: A time-lapse film study." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 44, no. 1 (1987): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1987.tb02241.x.

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49

Sui, Zhihui, Jinglong San, Xuedong Wu, Jingbin Zhang, and Lingfang Sun. "Preparation and Properties of Nano-ZnO/ Organic Fluorine Modified Polyacrylate Finishing Agent." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 6 (2020): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i6.3823.

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A nano-ZnO/organic fluorine-modified polyacrylate leather finishing agent was prepared using a mixture of a Silyl-modified nano-ZnO, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as raw materials. A semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization followed. The overall research objective was to improve the bacteriostatic, hydrophobicity and anti-aging properties of leather articles. The structure of the composite emulsion and its film were characterized and analyzed by FT-IR, TEM and XPS. The results showed that the latex particles had an obvious core-shell structure, a smooth surface and were monodisperse. The particle size of the emulsion ranged between 30 and 50 nm. The average value of Zeta potential was -40.1 mV which signified a good emulsion stability. The composite emulsion and its film had good UV resistance and water resistance. When the content of organic fluorine in the film was a maximum 20 %, the contact angle of a water drop on the finished leather, tensile strength and tear strength were 133.48°, 620 N and 61 N, respectively. When the content of nano-ZnO in the film was 1.0%, the average width of antibacterial band of finished leather was 2.1 mm. The finished leather also demonstrated a good anti-aging property.

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Pavlitschek, Thomas, Markus Gretz, and Johann Plank. "Novel Core-Shell Hybrid Polymers Designed as Dual Functional Additives for Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.77.

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Novel hybrid admixtures for construction applications were prepared by layer-by-layer deposition technique. Colloidal core templates consisting of styrene/n-butylacrylate latex particles were coated with multilayers of superplasticizers commonly used in concrete. This way, core-shell particles possessing both dispersing and film-forming properties were achieved. Incorporation of the latex@dispersant hybrid additive into a cement paste results in a slow release of the superplasticizer as a result of gradual shell disintegration which instigates prolonged plastification (long ”slump life”) of the cement slurry. Once the shell has been dissolved, latex particles are released into the pore solution and can coalesce into a polymer film which improves the mechanical properties of the hardened cement. Characterization of the templates and novel additives was performed by means of zeta potential measurement, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Our method allows to synthesize multifunctional additives with time-controlled release effect.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Zefa (Firm)'

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