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Tam, Ekman Pui-chuen. "The influence of Zen-Taoism on Thomas Merton's view of contemplation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6327.
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This doctoral dissertation studies the relationship between the development of Merton's view of contemplation and Merton's extensive interest in and writings on Zen and classical Taoism. It aims to show that Merton's later view of contemplation is influenced by his appropriation of the teachings of Zen-Taoism. The opening chapter of the dissertation explores the origin, the extent, and the reasons for Merton's interest in Zen and classical Taoism. It explains how Merton's interest in Zen-Taoism grew enormously in the mid 1950s. Zen-Taoism became one of his chief areas of interest between 1959 and 1968, during the last ten years of his life. The second chapter analyzes the content of Merton's writing on classical Taoism, particularly The Way of Chuang Tzu. The chapter indicates that The Way of Chuang Tzu consists of 62 passages chosen from the standard version of the Chuang Tzu. Merton's version of the Chuang Tzu reflects his personal appropriation of the teachings of Master Chuang. The third chapter studies Merton's writings on Zen, including Mystics and Zen Masters, Zen and the Birds of Appetite, and a number of other essays. The chapter shows how Merton's understanding of Zen is informed by the writings of Suzuki, Hui-neng, and other Chinese Zen Masters of the Southern school. Chapter four begins to explore the development of Merton's understanding of contemplation. It investigates Merton's foundational knowledge of contemplation by attending to his references to the works of Etienne Gilson, Jacques Maritain, Thomas Aquinas, Augustine of Hippo, and John of the Cross. Chapter five examines Merton's early view of contemplation by studying mainly three pieces of his early works, which were written in between 1999 and 1958: What Is Contemplation?, Seeds of Contemplation, and The Ascent to Truth. Chapter six studies Merton's later writings on contemplation, which were written in between 1959 and 1968. These writings betray a substantially different way of understanding contemplation, one which contains a number of new emphases and elements not found in the early writings. Chapter seven further explores the scope of the influence of Zen-Taoism on Merton's later view of contemplation. It focuses on several areas of change in the later writings and investigates the extent to which those changes are influenced by Zen-Taoism. The last chapter of this dissertation evaluates Merton's later view of contemplation. It points out that Merton's later view of contemplation reflects a more ecumenical attitude. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Zeng, Xi. "Zen aesthetic: development and influence in culture and contemporary painting of China, Japan and USA = La estética Zen: desarrollo e influencia en la cultura y la pintura contemporánea de China, Japón y EE. UU." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463011.
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No other form of Oriental philosophy has had such a widespread, positive effect on culture and international contemporary painting as Zen Aesthetic. Owing to the birth of Zen Buddhism in China, its extraordinary boom and influence is evident in all aspects of society and Chinese culture. Especially painting with brush-tipped ink, it led to the development of a particular spirit or aesthetic, known worldwide as Zen, which has not stopped propagating since Zen Buddhism in the 16th century crossed the sea to reach Japan. Once there, it fecundated the native culture and motivated the development of an aesthetic with distinct Zen peculiarities, to such an extent that it took root in everyday life and was projected in different spheres of cultural life and creativity.
This trend of Zen Aesthetic has long been recognized as the essence of Oriental aesthetics due to the fusion of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, overcoming geographical limitations and cultural differences, becoming one of the most active and distinctive leading thought in the twentieth century. Once it was introduced to the United States by Soyen Shaku in Chicago in 1893, it soon became an admired and applied trend in the different cultural spheres of the country, and in particular it was followed closely by several painters, to such an extent that it was felt in contemporary painting both in the United States and in the same places of its origin. That is to say, China and Japan.
Despite its impact, the Zen Aesthetic phenomenon and in particular its influence in culture and contemporary painting has not been thoroughly investigated. Also, there are many gaps, which is why we have explored its thematic research.
The theme of typology required a panoramic approach or focus, for the simple reason that Zen Aesthetic can hardly be understood in contemporary painting without knowing its origins, cultural development and influence, as well as the geographic trajectory or international centers of propagation of Zen Aesthetic. In spite of its apparent amplitude, the author tried in the first place to compile as much documentation as possible or more understanding that explains the expansion of the Zen phenomenon at the intercontinental level, without forgetting their critical interrelations, to understand the extraordinary influence of this aesthetic movement and spirituality in Occidental contemporary painting. Also, within Oriental contemporary painting, such as any rebound effect or return to their places of origin. While the author has investigated as far as possible, the causes and their development from China to the United States, through Japan, the investigation has not forgotten the European continent. Indeed, in the thesis there are different European references, although their arrival in Europe came after the United States, through D. T. Suzuki around 1936, so it seemed convenient to leave this part of the research on the European continent for a new occasion due to its breadth, complexity, and stylistic derivations.
The real Zen can hardly be understood without entering into the direct experience or life of the world that revolves around the principles of Zazen. In this regard, the two research centers that have contributed significantly to the development of this study are the Dongshan Monastery and the Shatou Cultural Center. Firstly, the author has been allowed to perform a three-month immersion period in Zen Buddhism meditation. And then, it has been fundamental to consult the documentary sources of Zen Buddhism and its different practices, such as Taiji, calligraphy, and painting as a method of meditation that is engaged in research, with the aim of seeking inner peace without any other secular purpose.
The thesis is structured in twelve large sections with a series of chapters and sub-chapters within each. In the introduction, the research approach is presented, which is the specific typology of the panoramic thesis of critical compilation and the thematic justification, as well as the motivation of the thesis title. Although there are many publications on Zen Aesthetic, the author considers that the particular theme of seeking the motives of its cultural and pictorial influence in the contemporary world of the three countries China, Japan, and the United States is unprecedented. In addition to fundamentally exposing the different objectives and their diachronic, comparative, analytical, and critical methodology, the introduction ends with a large interrelated organization chart of the various parts of the configurator system of the influence of Zen aesthetics in contemporary painting from China, Japan and the United States.Ninguna otra forma de filosofía oriental ha tenido un efecto positivo tan extendido en la cultura y en la pintura contemporanea internacional como la estética Zen. Gracias al nacimiento del budismo Zen en China y su extraordinaria auge e influencia en todos los aspectos de la sociedad y la cultura china, en especial la pintura con tinta a punta de pincel, hizo que se desarrollara en paralelo un espíritu o estética particular, conocida mundialmente por Zen, que no ha parado de propagarse desde que, en el siglo XVI, el budismo Zen cruzara el mar para llegar a Japón. Una vez allí, fecundó la cultura autóctona y motivó el desarrollo de una estética con particularidades propiamente Zen, hasta tal punto que arraigó en la vida cotidiana y se proyectó en distintos ambitos de la vida cultural y de la creatividad. Esta corriente de estética Zen ha sido reconocida desde hace mucho tiempo como la esencia de la estética oriental debido a la fusión del budismo, el taoísmo y el confucianismo, llegando a superar las limitaciones regionales y las diferencias culturales, convirtiéndose en una de las más activas y distintivas, líder en el siglo XX, una vez ya introducida en EE.UU. de América por Soyen Shaku en 1893 en la ciudad de Chicago. Pronto se convertiría en una tendencia admirada y aplicada en los distintos ambitos culturales del país, y en particular seguida de cerca por varios pintores, hasta tal punto que se hizo sentir en la pintura contemporánea tanto de EE.UU, como en los mismos lugares de su origen, es decir de China y Japón. A pesar de su impacto, el fenómeno estético Zen y en particular su influencia cultural y en la pintura contemporánea, no ha sido investigada en profundidad, y existen bastantes lagunas, razón por la cual nos hemos planteado su investigación temática. Una temática de esta tipología requería un planteamiento o enfoque panorámico, por la sencilla razón de que difícilmente se puede entender la estética Zen en la pintura contemporánea, sin conocer sus orígenes, su desarrollo e influencia cultural, así como la trayectoria geográfica o centros internacionales de propagación de la estética Zen. A pesar de su aparente amplitud, intentamos en primer lugar compilar la mayor documentación posible o más destacada que explica la expansión del fenómeno Zen a nivel intercontinental, sin olvidarnos de sus interrelaciones de modo crítico, para entender la extraordinaria influencia de dicho movimiento estético y espiritual en la pintura contemporánea occidental y asimismo oriental, como efecto rebote o retorno a sus lugares de origen. Si bien hemos investigado en la medida de lo posible las causas y su desarrollo desde China hasta EE.UU, pasando por Japón, no nos hemos olvidado del continente europeo. Efectivamente, en el transcurso de la tesis aparecen distintas referencias y referentes europeos, aunque su llegada a Europa se produjo después de EE.UU, a través deD.T. Suzuki en torno de 1936, por lo que nos ha parecido conveniente dejar esta parte de la investigación del continente europeo para una nueva ocasión, dadas su amplitud, complejidad y derivaciones estilfsticas. Difícilmente se puede entender el verdadero Zen sin en- trar en la vivencia o experiencia directa del mundo que gira entorno de los principios del Zazen. En este sentido, caben destacar los dos centros de investigación que han contribuido sobremanera al desarrollo de esta investigación: el Monasterio de Dongshan y el Centro Cultural de Shatou. El primero, nos ha permitido efectuar un período de inmersión de tres meses en la meditación del budismo Zen. En cuanto al segundo, ha sido fundamental para consultar las fuentes documentales del budismo Zen y sus diferentes practicas, como el Taiji, la caligrafía y la pintura como un metodo de meditación que se ocupa en la investigación, con el objetivo de buscar la paz interior sin ningún otro propósito secular.
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Nakagori, Ryuji. "Matisse : le degré zéro de la couleur ou l'influence du zen." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/faeaad33-3224-45c8-9d0c-903ad1262d4e.
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On sait qu'Henri Matisse est un des plus grands orientalistes de nos jours. Depuis la révélation de la couleur par l'estampe japonaise au moment de la formation de son style fauve, l'art oriental n'a cessé de contribuer à l'abstraction radicale du pionnier de l'art moderne. Cette recherche a pour objet de faire la lumière sur l'influence de l'art de l'Extrême-Orient dans son art. D’une manière générale, ses engagements pour l'art de l'Extrême-Orient se marquent dans la simplicité de l'expression, et par la place donnée aux vides dans ses dessins calligraphiques et découpages. Je pense que cette caractéristique remarquable qu'attribue l'artiste à san-sui, style du paysage traditionnel chinois et japonais, se rattache à sa conception transcendantale de l'espace visuel, en tant que résurgence de sa conception de la création artistique, qui implique l'identification avec la nature. Nous reconsidérons ainsi la dynamique du système de la représentation sous-jacente de la composition plate du tableau par rapport à la métaphysique qu'il prête à "l'Orient", par la recherche de la couleur pure. Cela élucidera l'influence de l'art de l'Extrême-Orient qui ne se réduit pas aux exotismes orientaux, et propose une autre perspective pour resituer la conception de l'Orient dans l'histoire de l'art moderne.
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Filliot, Philippe. "L'éducation spirituelle ou l'autre de la pédagogie : essai d'approche laïque de la relation maître-élève-savoir dans les spiritualités de l'Orient et de l'Occident : yoga, sagesses chinoises, bouddhisme zen, christianisme." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/126275815#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Cette thèse se propose de jeter des ponts entre deux champs séparés – voire opposés – celui de l’enseignement laïque contemporain, et celui des grandes traditions spirituelles, souvent ignorées dans la recherche en Sciences de l’éducation. Certains signes du temps invitent pourtant à œuvrer à de nouvelles alliances, en dépassant ce clivage. En faisant le détour par les spiritualités – en particulier orientales et extrême-orientales – il s’agit d’essayer de voir sous un angle inédit les questions qui se posent dans l’éducation et, par ce biais, penser autrement la pédagogie. Les domaines de recherche, dans une optique multiréférentielle, portent sur quatre voies envisagées à travers une lecture pédagogique: le yoga, les sagesses chinoises, le bouddhisme zen et, enfin, la direction de conscience dans le christianisme. Notre hypothèse est qu’il y a dans ces spiritualités – à la fois dissemblables et cohérentes – une « philosophie de l’éducation » à part entière, même si elle ne se nomme pas telle, et qui reste à mettre à jour. Dans ce dehors de l’univers scolaire, comment caractériser la relation triangulaire maître-élève-savoir, que l’on peut considérer avec Jean Houssaye comme un invariant de tout enseignement ? Peut-on dégager, au-delà des spécificités historiques et culturelles, un modèle de pensée propre à ce que nous appelons « l’éducation spirituelle » ? Comment, enfin, transposer au sein de la laïcité des éléments de spiritualité pour une éducation de notre temps ? Ce dernier questionnement constituera l’enjeu de toute notre rechercheThis thesis is willing to provide links between two separated – even opposed- fields : the field of contemporary lay teaching and the field of great spiritual traditions, often ignored in the research for education sciences. Some signs of the times are, indeed, leading us to work for new alliances, and thus, go beyond this ideological rift. By taking the way of spiritualities (particularly eastern and far-eastern ones) the matter in hand is to try to see the questions about education from a different angle and thus thinking pedagogy differently. Research developments, in a multi-referential way, concern four ways, considered from a pedagogic point of view: yoga, Chinese wisdoms, zen Buddhism, and Christian religion. Our hypothesis is that there is, in this spiritualities which are in the same time dissimilar and coherent, a specific philosophy of education -even though there is no such philosophy yet – that remains to be updated. Outside scholarship, how can we define the triangular relationship between the teacher, the pupil, and knowledge; which we can considerer, like Jean Houssaye does, as an unvarying fact of every teaching ? Can we identitfy, beyond historic and cultural specificities, a new way of thinking, which would be characteristic of what we call spiritual education ? Finally, how can we transpose some spiritual elements within secularism, in order to have an education of our time ? This last questioning will be the stake of our research
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Aubry, Hélène. "Postmodernité et bouddhisme zen japonais : d'une sémiotique de lieux, le cas du jardin sec Ryôan-ji." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33546.
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Les phénomènes de polysémie et de transcodage des corpus culturels établissent une structure d'argumentation dialectique. Le transculturel et le transhistorique deviennent là des axes centraux dans l'application du pragmaticisme des systèmes en expansion et dans la coexistence des métadiscours actuels et anciens. Le criticisme du métasavoir sur la pluralité des dispositifs hypertextuels permet ainsi une double lecture, celle de la postmodernité et celle de la proto-philosophie bouddhique. De là, on convient d'une réversibilité historique, du structuralisme et du post-structuralisme comme lieux d'une confrontation de la fonction critique des modèles textuels. La postmodernité (fin des années 60 et début des années 70) indique alors, par la mise en place d'une prolifération des figures-discours, le statut des actes langagiers par rapport à une homologie des styles et des genres. On y note un questionnement soutenu des assises d'une grammaire visuelle pluraliste dont, entre autres, un arrêt sur le concept de champ élargi dans les discours critiques de R. Krauss sur l'installation. En fait, les définitions d'une syntaxe du lieu et de la praxis du landscape-gardener seraient comme les deux pôles d'une économie esthétique au fondement même de cette praxis installative.Les conditions particulières du transhistorique réalisent encore une forme de consensus de l'historia entre les passages de frontière d'un tel corpus historique pluraliste et des séquences d'argumentation, dont notamment l'inclusion de modèles stratégiques. D'où l'intégration possible des champs de la postmodernité et de la proto-philosophie bouddhique japonaise, qui rejoignent un processus de montage et de démontage des ruines textuelles, en regard d'une dialectique opératoire de conformité et de non-conformité du sens. L'histoire du code, la protophilosophie et l'esthétique bouddhiques zen japonaises entre les 12e et 15e siècles, supposent ainsi une rhétorique et un métalangage dont les règles du savoir véhiculent des paramètres langagiers paradoxaux. Les kôans évoquent à cet égard un encodage communicationnel du texte qui exige une réceptivité de l'entendement hétérodoxe d'après les modèles langagiers performatifs. L'analyse du métasystème bouddhique japonais permet alors une validation critique des corpus textuels afin d'établir une spéculation hypothétique quant aux agrégats interprétatifs.
Le corpus textuel de cette recherche vise principalement les positions de Toshihiko Izutsu, Abe Masao, Martin Colcutt, Hebert V. Guenter, Chung-Ying Cheng, Philip Yampolsky, Robert D. Baird, Tom J.F. Tillemans; ainsi que celles de certains philosophes tels que Nishida Kitaro, Hisamatsu Shin'ichi, Hajime Nakamura, Jacques Masui, T.P. Kasulis, Sung Bae Park, David Appelbaum, et David E. Shaner. Dans ce contexte d'érudition, les approches méthodologiques et théoriques de Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, Linnart Mail, Ryôji Nakamura, René de Ceccaty et Gilles Deleuze sont aussi prises en considération comme valeurs d'interprétation de certaines problématiques soulevées en cours d'analyse.
En outre, l'étude d'un concept, celui de vide par exemple, soit le sunyata, réfère tant aux discussions sur la valeur symbolique du dispositif zérologique en psychanalyse, qu'à la mise en forme d'un espace de non représentation. Car dans l'état de crise actuelle du discours occidental, le statut même du silence comme de l'éthique remet en cause la conception du logocentrisme européen. En sémiotique des lieux, l'étude du jardin sec, le Ryôan-ji, serait en conséquence un tel recoupement synthétique de la tradition du système esthético-philosophique bouddhique zen japonais et des théories postmodernes. Cette grammaire in situ intervient sur des praxis actuelles en histoire de l'art: soit, a priori, sur les postulats du musicologue Daniel Charles dans ses «Gloses sur le Ryôan-ji» et au niveau du corpus critique sur l'oeuvre de John Cage.
C'est dans ce contexte que la philosophie cosmogonique et l'oeuvre «Atlas Eclipticalis» de Cage se définissent sémiotiquement avec le structuralisme, une logique triadique et une architecture des théories du jardin, ainsi qu'une application du corpus peircéen sur la trichotomie du signe. Là, un archétype topologique, le ma (1'espace-temps), permet de circonscrire les paramètres discursifs et cognitifs clés actualisés par l'architecte d'avant-garde, Arata Isozaki. Dans le modèle du jardin Ryôan-ji plus particulièrement, le fondement des propriétés cosmologiques comme valeur hypothétique du lieu architectural, concernerait dès lors hic et nunc les relations céleste/terrestre, diurne/nocturne, dans la redéfinition pragmatique d'une grammaire in situ.
Montréal Trigonix inc. 2018
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Huang, Mu-Ching. "La couleur de la vacuité : analyse de l'esthétique zen du style cinématographique de Yasujiro Ozu." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100145.
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Il existe deux approches, culturelle et cinématographique, dans les recherches sur Ozu. En réponse au conflit entre les deux, nous proposons de retourner plus profondément aux idées essentielles du bouddhisme Zen qui affectent la culture et l’esthétique traditionnelles japonaises, pour obtenir un nouveau regard sur la richesse et la profondeur de son cinéma. Le style du « ni s’attacher ni quitter » d’Ozu vient de la pensée bouddhiste « La couleur même est la vacuité. » « Couleur » signifie « phénomène », le bouddhisme affirme que dans l’univers de vacuité, tout phénomène est changeant et temporaire, à savoir impermanent. Dans notre recherche, nous analyserons comment Ozu nous permet d’apercevoir et de comprendre la réalité de l’impermanence de l’univers et de la vie, à travers l’arrangement d’éléments du vide et du plein, et nous inspire à chérir la compagnie des émotions humaines dans la vie impermanente. Nous constaterons que c’est juste l’interpénétration entre le vide et le plein, entre l’absence et la présence, qui fait naître dans le cinéma d’Ozu une tension qui nous touche. Et son cinéma est pour ainsi dire une manifestation de « la couleur de la vacuité »There are two approaches, cultural and cinematographic, in the study of Yasujiro Ozu’s films. In response to the conflict between the two, and to view the richness and depth of Ozu’s works from a new perspective, I propose to return to Zen Buddhism ideas, which are deeply rooted in Japanese culture and aethetics. Ozu’s style of “neither attaching nor quitting" comes from the Buddhist idea that "Color is Emptiness”. "Color" means "phenomenon"; Buddhism asserts that in the universe of Emptiness, all phenomena are changeable and temporary, namely, impermanent. In my research, I will analyze how Ozu, by arranging elements of emptiness and fullness, reveals to us that impermanence is the reality of universe and life, and inspires us to cherish our companies in the impermanent life. We will find that it is the interpenetration of emptiness and fullness, of absence and presence, which give rise to the tension in Ozu’s films. And these films are the manifestation of “the Color of Emptiness”
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Nishino, Ayako. "L'Influence du théâtre Nô sur la synthèse des arts de Paul Claudel." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040058.
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Pendant son séjour diplomatique au Japon de 1921 à 1927, Paul Claudel a rencontré le nô, une forme du théâtre traditionnel. Le dramaturge catholique, issu de la sphère symboliste, découvre dans le nô ce qu’il imaginait pour une nouvelle forme de la « synthèse des arts », c’est-à-dire l’union parfaite entre la Poésie, la Musique et la Danse, imprégnée de spiritualité. A l’aide d’une approche à la fois génétique, historique et comparatiste, notre thèse s’attache à étudier comment il interprète le nô et comment il s’en inspire dans sa propre création. Nous analysons d’abord la manière originale dont il comprend le nô, en adaptant une double perspective, histoire de la réception du nô en Occident depuis XVIe siècle et esthétique dramatique de l’auteur. Son originalité peut être dégagée par la comparaison avec la conception japonaise du nô authentique et par la confrontation avec la vision de ses prédécesseurs occidentaux ; contrairement à ces derniers, il passe sous silence le kyôgen, farce qui accompagne le nô ; son attitude vis-à-vis du bouddhisme est ambiguë ; son essai sur le nô a de grandes qualités littéraires. Ensuite, nous étudions le processus de l’assimilation de la philosophie orientale dans son univers, à la lumière d’un adage de Zeami, fondateur du nô, cité dans le Journal de Claudel. Enfin, nous démontrons qu’il utilise des apports du nô, d’une part dans ses pièces écrites au Japon, telle La Femme et son ombre (1922), et d’autre part, dans son « oratorio dramatique », genre inauguré en 1927 : le nô est sublimé dans son univers chrétien. Claudel cosmopolite, comprend le nô, puis le métamorphose en fonction de ses propres convictions esthétiques et spirituellesFrance's Ambassador to Japan from 1921 to 1927, Paul Claudel discovered there the Noh theatre which stems from a medieval performing tradition. The Catholic dramatist and symbolist poet found in the Noh what he had imagined as a new form of “synthesis of arts’’, which was for him a perfect union of Poetry, Music and Dance, open to spirituality. Our method is genetic, historic and comparative in studying his understanding of the Noh, which is a source of inspiration for him. We have adopted a double perspective: first of all we study the history of the reception of the Noh in the Western world from the 16th century onward, and combine this type of investigation with literary considerations about the dramatist's aesthetics. The originality of our poet’s vision appears in comparison with the authentic Japanese conception of the Noh plays and the interpretation of his Western predecessors. For unlike these European specialists, his silence about the Kyôgen, a comic sketch played in a Noh performance, is surprising; his attitude to Buddhism is ambiguous; his essay about the Noh has a specific literary quality. The adage of Zeami, founder of the Noh, quoted in the Claudel's Journal, throws light on the process of assimilation by his Catholic vision of oriental philosophy. Finally, we show the impact of the Noh on his plays written in Japan, like La Femme et son ombre (1922), and on his “dramatic oratorio,” a genre inaugurated in 1927. The Noh is sublimated in his Christian world. Claudel, a cosmopolitan author who aims at universality, after having penetrated the world of the Noh, integrates it in his creative practice, according to his own aesthetic and spiritual conviction
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Roadcup, Alisa Miriam. "Thomas Merton's theology of the self as influenced by Christian mysticism and Zen Buddhism." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Mesquita, Josà Bruno Rego de. "INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION, NITROGEN DOSES AND POTASSIUM APPLIED BY CONVENTIONAL AND METHOD FOR FERTIRRIGATION IN MAIZE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15845.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoIn the Northeastern Brazil, particularly in the Cearà state, irrigated agriculture contributes significantly to agricultural production: fruit, vegetable and grain crops. The Maize (corn) culture, traditional in the Region, has great socio-economic importance, being the most cultivated by small, medium and large farmers, contributing to the generation of employment and income, keeping workers from migrating. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the EstaÃÃo AgrometeorolÃgica (agrometeorological station) of the Universidade Federal do CearÃ. The soil of the region is sandy red yellow podzolic. The experiment was carried out with AG-1051 hybrid maize. Localized drip irrigation was used in the experiment. The said experiment was performed through 2011 and 2012. The total acreage in each year was 602 m2, divided into three parts for installing each of the three (sub) experiments. The first (sub) experiment consisted in applying several irrigation levels based on Penman-Monteith EvapoTranspiration parametrized by FAO, corresponding to treatments: Li30, or 30% PMETo; Li60, or 60% PMETo; Li90, or 90% PMETo; Li120, or 120% PMETo; Li150, or 150% PMETo and Li180, or 180% PMETo. The experimental design was that of randomized blocks, with six treatments and five blocks (replicates). The second experiment consisted of evaluating the effects of different N doses, conventionally applied and applied by fertigation. The treatments were divided into F0 and C0 = 0.0 kg ha-1 (control); F45 = 45 kg ha-1 (fert); C45 = 45 kg ha-1 (conv); F90 = 90 kg ha-1 (fert); C90 = 90 kg ha-1 (conv); F180 = 180 kg ha-1 (fert); C180 = 180 kg ha-1 (conv). The third experiment consisted of evaluating the effects of different doses of K, conventionally applied and applied by fertigation. The treatments were divided into F0 and C0 = 0.0 kg ha-1 (control); F15 = 15 kg ha-1 (fert); C15 = 15 kg ha-1 (conv); F30 = 30 kg ha-1 (fert); C30 = 30 kg ha-1 (conv); F60 = 60 kg ha-1 (fert); C60 = 60 kg ha-1 (conv). The experimental design in the second and third (sub) experiments was that of randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial arrangement with eight treatments and four replicates. Irrigation levels showed significant effects on the following variables: Corn cob with and without husks, thousand grain weight and productivity in both years, all adjusting to the second degree polynomial model. The irrigation level that maximized the yield of corn (maize) was estimated to be 124.2% of PMETo, for the climatic conditions of 2012. Regarding the nitrogen dose and its form of application, it was observed that fertigation was superior to conventional fertilization, and the variables Corn cob with and without husks and productivity showed significant effects for the application form and Nitrogen dose. The dose of nitrogen fertilizer that maximized the Maize (or corn) productivity was estimated at 123.2 kg ha-1. However, relatively to the K dose and its form of application, it was observed that the conventional fertilization did not differ from fertigation, in the two years evaluated. However, the K doses were statistically different for following the variables: Corn cob with and without husks and productivity. Conventionally applied, the K dose which maximized the crop yield was 82.0 kg ha-1 for the cultivation conditions of 2011.
Na regiÃo Nordeste, particularmente no CearÃ, a agricultura irrigada contribui bastante com a produÃÃo agrÃcola: frutas, hortaliÃas, olerÃcolas e grÃos. A cultura do milho, muito tradicional na RegiÃo, apresenta grande importÃncia socioeconÃmica, sendo a mais cultivada por pequenos, mÃdios e grandes agricultores, contribuindo para a geraÃÃo de emprego e renda e para fixaÃÃo do homem no campo. O experimento foi conduzido na Ãrea experimental da EstaÃÃo AgrometeorolÃgica da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. O solo da regiÃo à um argissolo vermelho amarelo de textura areia franca. O experimento foi com o milho hÃbrido AG-1051. O sistema de irrigaÃÃo utilizado nos experimentos foi do tipo localizado por gotejamento. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos em dois anos agrÃcolas (2011 e 2012). A Ãrea total cultivada em cada ano foi de 602 m2, dividida em trÃs subÃreas, para instalaÃÃo de cada um dos trÃs experimentos. O primeiro experimento consistiu na aplicaÃÃo de lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo com base na ETo de Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parametrizada pela FAO, correspondendo aos tratamentos: Li30 â 30% EToPM; Li60 â 60% EToPM; Li90 â 90% EToPM; Li120 â 120% EToPM; Li150 â 150% EToPM e Li180 â 180% EToPM. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, composto de seis tratamentos e cinco blocos (repetiÃÃes). O segundo experimento consistiu em avaliar diferentes doses de N aplicadas de forma convencional e por fertirrigaÃÃo. Os tratamentos foram divididos em: F0 e C0 â 0,0 kg ha-1 (controle); F45 â 45 kg ha-1 (fert); C45 â 45 kg ha-1 (conv); F90 â 90 kg ha-1 (fert); C90 â 90 kg ha-1 (conv); F180 â 180 kg ha-1 (fert); C180 â 180 kg ha-1 (conv). O terceiro experimento consistiu em avaliar diferentes doses de K aplicadas de maneira convencional e por fertirrigaÃÃo. Os tratamentos foram divididos em: F0 e C0 â 0,0 kg ha-1 (controle); F15 â 15 kg ha-1 (fert); C15â 15 kg ha-1 (conv); F30 â 30 kg ha-1 (fert); C30 â 30 kg ha-1 (conv); F60 â 60 kg ha-1 (fert); C60 â 60 kg ha-1 (conv). O delineamento experimental utilizado no segundo e terceiro experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x4 com oito tratamentos e quatro repetiÃÃes. As lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo apresentaram efeito significativo para as variÃveis: massa da espiga com e sem palha, massa de mil grÃos e produtividade nos dois anos agrÃcolas, ajustando-se ao modelo polinomial do segundo grau. A lÃmina de irrigaÃÃo que maximizou a produtividade do milho foi estimada em 124,2% da EToPM, para as condiÃÃes climÃticas do cultivo realizado em 2012. Em relaÃÃo à dose de N e sua forma de aplicaÃÃo, observou-se que a fertirrigaÃÃo foi superior à adubaÃÃo convencional, e que as variÃveis: massa da espiga com e sem palha e produtividade apresentaram efeitos significativos para a forma de aplicaÃÃo e dose de N. A dose do adubo nitrogenado que maximizou a produtividade do milho foi estimada em 123,2 kg ha-1. JÃ, para a dose de K e sua forma de aplicaÃÃo, observou-se que a adubaÃÃo convencional nÃo diferiu da fertirrigaÃÃo, nos dois anos avaliados. Entretanto, as doses de K foram estatisticamente diferentes para as variÃveis: massa da espiga com e sem palha e produtividade. Na forma convencional, a dose de potÃssio que maximizou a produtividade da cultura foi de 82,0 kg ha-1, para as condiÃÃes de cultivo em 2011.
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Abbas, Zein [Verfasser]. "Influence of quercetin on Ochratoxin A toxicokinetics and toxicity in F344 rats / Zein Abbas." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058586645/34.
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Kabir, Md Zahangir. "Dynamics of mycorrhizal association in corn (Zea mays L.) : influence of tillage and manure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/NQ30305.pdf.
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Pavuk, Daniel M. "Influence of vegetational diversity in Zea mays plantings on phytophagous, predaceous and parasitic arthropods /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683401441674.
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AraÃjo, Ana Paula Bezerra de. "Influence of irrigation with saline water in intercropping system corn/bean-to-string." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15429.
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Changes in the microclimate in a intercropping can also change the responses of plants to some abiotic factors, including, salinity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of salinity of irrigation water on gas exchange, ion levels, growth, productivity and efficiency of land use in single and intercropped systems, using plant corn and beans-in-corda. The experiment was conducted for two years following a design in randomized blocks in split plots, and the plots formed by the year of cultivation (2012 and 2013), the subplots by salinity of irrigation water (0.9, 2.5 and 5.0 dS m-1), and the split of crop systems (bean-to-rope, corn and more bean-to-string corn in consortium). The irrigated crops were conducted during the dry seasons of the years 2012 and 2013, and samples were taken soil samples before and after each crop, and after the passage of the rainy seasons of 2013/2014. To facilitate the description of the results, the thesis was divided into two chapters. The first is related to growth and productivity. The variables analyzed were: biomass production, productivity and efficiency of land use. The second is related to gas and mineral nutrition exchanges. The variables analyzed were: stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency, levels of Na+, K+ and Cl+ in the leaves and stem. The accumulation of salts in the soil increased in proportion to the electrical conductivity values of irrigation water, with the highest observed in maize, a fact explained by the longer cycle and increased the employed irrigation depth in this culture. Rainfall totals recorded in the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 were sufficient to promote the leaching of excess salts below the root zone of crops. The accumulation of salts in the soil did not influence gas exchange and efficiency of water use, but caused an increase in the levels of Na+ in the leaves and stems. Despite the differences observed in the levels of Na, one can not relate them the variables of gas exchange, since they were not affected by the irrigation water salinity. The effects of salts on the production of total biomass and productivity of the plants were more expressive in plants under monoculture, especially in the bean-to-rope culture. The microclimate condition of intercropping system may have contributed to reduce the influence of salinity on productivity, mainly of bean-to-rope culture, resulting in higher values of efficient land use.As alteraÃÃes no microclima em um cultivo consorciado podem tambÃm alterar as respostas das plantas a alguns fatores abiÃticos, dentre eles, a salinidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influÃncia da salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo sobre as trocas gasosas, teores de Ãons, crescimento, produtividade e eficiÃncia do uso da terra em sistemas de monocultivo e consÃrcio, utilizando-se plantas de milho e feijÃo-de-corda. O experimento foi realizado durante dois anos seguindo um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo as parcelas formadas pelo ano de cultivo (2012 e 2013), as subparcelas pela salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo (0,9, 2,5 e 5,0 dS m-1) e as subsubparcelas pelos sistemas de cultivo (feijÃo-de-corda, milho e milho mais feijÃo-de-corda em consÃrcio). Os cultivos irrigados foram conduzidos durante as estaÃÃes secas dos anos 2012 e 2013, e foram realizadas coletas de amostras de solo antes e apÃs cada cultivo, e apÃs a passagem das estaÃÃes chuvosas de 2013/2014. Para facilitar a descriÃÃo dos resultados, a tese foi dividida em dois capÃtulos. O primeiro à referente ao crescimento e produtividade. As variÃveis analisadas foram: produÃÃo de biomassa, produtividade e eficiÃncia do uso da terra. O segundo à referente Ãs trocas gasosas e nutriÃÃo mineral. As variÃveis analisadas foram: condutÃncia estomÃtica, fotossÃntese, transpiraÃÃo, eficiÃncia do uso da Ãgua, teores de Na+, K+ e Cl+ nas folhas e caule. O acÃmulo de sais no solo aumentou proporcionalmente aos valores de condutividade elÃtrica da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo, sendo os maiores observados na cultura do milho, fato explicado pela maior duraÃÃo do ciclo e maior lÃmina de irrigaÃÃo empregada nesta cultura. Os totais de chuvas verificados nas estaÃÃes chuvosas de 2013 e 2014 foram suficientes para promover a lixiviaÃÃo do excesso de sais abaixo da zona radicular das culturas. O acÃmulo de sais no solo nÃo influenciou as trocas gasosas e a eficiÃncia do uso da Ãgua, mas provocou aumento nos teores de Na+ nas folhas e caules. Apesar das diferenÃas observadas nos teores de Na, nÃo se pode relacionÃ-las as variÃveis de trocas gasosas, visto que estas nÃo sofreram influÃncia da salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo. Os efeitos dos sais sobre a produÃÃo de biomassa total e produtividade das plantas se mostraram mais expressivos nas plantas sob monocultivo, notadamente na cultura do feijÃo-de-corda. A condiÃÃo microclimÃtica do sistema de consÃrcio pode ter contribuÃdo para reduzir a influÃncia da salinidade na produtividade, principalmente da cultura do feijÃo-de-corda, resultando em maiores valores do uso eficiente da terra.
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Russell, Elizabeth F. (Elizabeth Fiona). "Influence of ammonium lignosulfonate fertilizer mixtures on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and nutrient composition." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61168.
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Fertilizer P fixation and fertilizer N losses in soils may be reduced through additions of polyphenolic compounds. The influence of ammonium lignosulfonate (NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS) on triple superphosphate (TSP) efficiency was investigated in a soil incubation study using three Quebec soils and in a growth bench study using one soil. For the incubation study, soils were analyzed for pH and P extractability, as a function of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS rate and time. In the growth bench study, TSP and NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS were applied at varying rates and corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter yields and nutrient compositions analyzed. Similar studies were conducted in subsequent growth bench studies, to evaluate combinations of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS, diammonium phosphate (DAP), and urea on two soils.Ammonium LS increased soluble P levels when applied with TSP. The effect was most significant in fine textured soils, and increased with time. This improved P availability to plants, without affecting growth. The optimum NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS:P$ sb2$O$ sb5$ application ratio was approximately 2.8:1. Ammonium LS did not improve availability of DAP-P in either of the subsequent experiments, nor did it improve urea fertilizer efficiency. Some NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS-urea-DAP formulations did, however, improve corn growth beyond that obtained when only urea and DAP were applied in combination. In nutrient amended soils, applying NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS DAP was detrimental to growth and, for some application rates, reduced nutrient uptake.
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Davidson, Deborah Ann. "Influence of flight activity and octopamine on hemolymph trehalose titers in Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39891.
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Grimal, Jean-Yves. "Influence de l'exsudation racinaire de Zea mays L. Sur mobilisation de formes de phosphore difficilement biodisponibles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL058N.
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L’influence de l'exsudation racinaire de Zea mays sur la mobilisation de formes de phosphore difficilement disponibles a été étudiée suivant trois niveaux d'approche. L’étude de l'adsorption d'un modèle d'exsudats (apg) et de mucilages racinaires sur une goethite a montré que l'apg et les mucilages diminuent l'adsorption des ions phosphate. L’effet le plus marqué est constaté lorsque les ions phosphate sont apportés sur le complexe mucilages-goethite. Dans ce cas, le mécanisme mis en jeu est de nature physique. L’enrobage de la goethite a probablement diminué le nombre de sites d'adsorption des ions phosphate. Des cultures en conditions hydroponiques stériles ont permis d'examiner le comportement du maïs en présence d'ions phosphate adsorbés sur une goethite. Dans ces conditions expérimentales, la plante est capable de prélever jusqu'à 23% du phosphore initialement adsorbé. La réponse du maïs à cette contrainte se traduit aussi par une modification des flux de phosphore à l'intérieur de la plante. Le rôle des phosphatases racinaires dans l'acquisition du phosphore a été étudié en mettant à la disposition du maïs le glucose-1-phosphate et le myoinositol hexaphosphate. Les activités phosphatasiques ont été détectées à la surface des racines, dans la solution nutritive ainsi qu’à la surface de la goethite. Les possibilités d'action des phosphatases sont liées à l'accessibilité des phosphates organiques et des enzymes, adsorption sur les colloïdes ou précipitation. Ces résultats montrent que les composés diffusibles (mucilages) par leur action physique et les composés carbonés diffusibles (phosphohydrolases notamment) contribuent à augmenter la mobilité du phosphore à partir de sources peu accessibles pour la plante dans la rhizosphère
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Miles, C. J. "Zeno's paradoxes in modern fiction : an analysis of the use of the infinite regress and the influence of ecleatic philosophy in the works of Borges, Beckett, O'Brien, Calvino and Eco." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357184.
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Mench, Michel. "Influence des exsudats racinaires solubles sur la dynamique des métaux dans la rhizosphère du maïs, Zea mays L." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375949622.
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Langseth, Chandra Marie. "The Influence of Soil Salinity Gradients on Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] and Corn (Zea Mays L.) Growth." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27846.
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An estimated 2.3 million hectares are salt-affected in North Dakota (Brennan and Ulmer,
2010), a number increasing due to land management, climate, and crop choice. As a result, yield
reductions are noted for salt-sensitive crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and corn
(Zea Mays L.). The objective of this greenhouse study was to assess soybean and corn response
to salinity, using sulfate based salts. Soybean leaf area, plant mass, and height decreased by 66,
59, and 47%, respectively, across a salinity gradient ranging from an EC1:1 of 0.4 to 4.1 dS m-1.
Corn mass and height decreased by 42 and 26%, respectively, root length and mass also
decreased by 44 and 37%, respectively from an EC1:1 0.8 to 5.3 dS m-1. Thus, planting soybean
and corn on salt-affected soils in North Dakota will result in overall decreased productivity for
both crops even at low levels of salinity.North Dakota Soybean Council
North Dakota Corn Council
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Gourrier, Laure. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hydroxyde de Nickel : aspects fondamentaux et influence du Zinc." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20232/document.
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Ce travail est peut être séparé en deux parties. Dans la première, nous rapportons l'étude menée sur un composé modèle d'hydroxyde de Nickel. La caractérisation de ce composé par diffraction X montre qu'il possède une cristallinité supérieure aux hydroxydes de nickel habituellement utilisés. L'observation au microscope électronique à balayage révèle que la poudre est constituée de grains hexagonaux, de dimension supérieure au micromètre, formés de monocristaux, eux aussi hexagonaux, empilés de façon très ordonnée. Les mesures électrochimiques montrent quant à elles que les composés modèles présentent des propriétés redox intéressantes. La morphologie très particulière de ce composé confère à cet hydroxyde de nickel un comportement de type monocristal en spectroscopie Raman. Des mesures in-situ, couplant voltamétrie cyclique et spectroscopie Raman, réalisées sur ce composé modèle, ont donc été mises en place. Les premiers résultats montrent que ces expériences pourraient nous aider à améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes redox fondamentaux mis en jeu.Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions le comportement électrochimique d'une électrode de nickel lorsque l'électrolyte (i.e. KOH 7N) est saturé en zinc. Des électrodes de type industriel ont été préparées à partir d'un hydroxyde de Nickel standard et non dopé, puis cyclées en condition galvanostatique. Les échantillons ainsi obtenus ont ensuite été caractérisés par MEB, DRX, IR et EXAFS. Cette dernière technique qui s'est avérée être la plus appropriée pour l'analyse de ces matériaux d'électrodes très hétérogènes nous a ainsi permis d'apporter des réponses pertinentes sur l'insertion du zinc dans la structure cristalline de Ni(OH)2This work may be separated in two parts. First, we report the study of a model compound of nickel hydroxide. X-ray diffraction shows that this compound has a better crystallinity than the standard nickel hydroxides used in commercial battery. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that the powder of this model hydroxide is composed of hexagonal grains whose dimension is larger than micrometer and who are formed of single-crystals, also hexagonal, stacked in a well ordered way. The electrochemical measurements show that this nickel hydroxide exhibit interesting redox properties. The particular morphology of the compound gives single-crystal type behavior in Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, in-situ measurements combining electrochemical measurements and Raman spectroscopy, performed on a single microscopic hexagonal plate, are proposed. Preliminary results emphasize that this experiment may help us to improve our understanding of the fundamental redox mechanism taking place in nickel hydroxide.Secondly, we study the electrochemical behavior of a nickel electrode in the presence of Zinc in the electrolyte. Industrial-type electrodes were prepared from a standard undoped nickel hydroxide. Then, samples obtained after electrochemical test were characterized by SEM, XRD, IR and EXAFS. The later which turned out to be the most appropriate for the analysis of our electrode materials, allowed us to get deeper insights in the insertion of zinc in the structure of Ni(OH)2
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Polius, J. J. N. "Micronutrient nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by fertilizers, hybrids, irrigation and plant population density." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63809.
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Hultqvist, Adam. "Cadmium Free Buffer Layers and the Influence of their Material Properties on the Performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-133112.
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CdS is conventionally used as a buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2, CIGS, solar cells. The aim of this thesis is to substitute CdS with cadmium-free, more transparent and environmentally benign alternative buffer layers and to analyze how the material properties of alternative layers affect the solar cell performance. The alternative buffer layers have been deposited using Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD. A theoretical explanation for the success of CdS is that its conduction band, Ec, forms a small positive offset with that of CIGS. In one of the studies in this thesis the theory is tested experimentally by changing both the Ec position of the CIGS and of Zn(O,S) buffer layers through changing their gallium and sulfur contents respectively. Surprisingly, the top performing solar cells for all gallium contents have Zn(O,S) buffer layers with the same sulfur content and properties in spite of predicted unfavorable Ec offsets. An explanation is proposed based on observed non-homogenous composition in the buffer layer. This thesis also shows that the solar cell performance is strongly related to the resistivity of alternative buffer layers made of (Zn,Mg)O. A tentative explanation is that a high resistivity reduces the influence of shunt paths at the buffer layer/absorber interface. For devices in operation however, it seems beneficial to induce persistent photoconductivity, by light soaking, which can reduce the effective Ec barrier at the interface and thereby improve the fill factor of the solar cells. Zn-Sn-O is introduced as a new buffer layer in this thesis. The initial studies show that solar cells with Zn-Sn-O buffer layers have comparable performance to the CdS reference devices. While an intrinsic ZnO layer is required for a high reproducibility and performance of solar cells with CdS buffer layers it is shown in this thesis that it can be thinned if Zn(O,S) or omitted if (Zn,Mg)O buffer layers are used instead. As a result, a top conversion efficiency of 18.1 % was achieved with an (Zn,Mg)O buffer layer, a record for a cadmium and sulfur free CIGS solar cell.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 717
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Verdier, Thomas. "Elaboration de poudres nanostructurées de ferrites de manganèse-zinc par mécanosynthèse : Influence des paramètres de broyage." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES042.
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Les ferrites mixtes de Mn-Zn ont un grand intérêt commercial du fait de leurs propriétés magnétiques à haute fréquence. Cette thèse présente l’influence des modes de broyage sur la synthèse de ferrites Mn-Zn à partir d’oxydes simples. La ferrite obtenue par mécanosynthèse présente une réorganisation de la distribution cationique au sein de la structure spinelle, ce qui peut améliorer les propriétés du matériau massif après mise en forme. Des broyages réalisés dans un matériel en acier ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence de Fe2+ provenant de réactions d’oxydo-réduction entre le fer et les oxydes. Des broyages réalisés dans des jarres en WC ont conduit à l’obtention de phases pures de ferrites de zinc et de manganèse-zinc exemptes d’ions Fe2+. Des expériences de spectrométrie Mössbauer sous champ magnétique ont permis de préciser la distribution cationique des ferrites synthétisésSpinel ferrites compounds are widely used for their technological applications, which are essentially their magnetic and catalytic properties. Nanocrystalline Mn-Zn ferrites have been synthesized by high-energy ball milling in different media (tempered steel and WC) starting from simple oxides (α-Fe2O3, ZnO and MnO). This technique leads to a change in the distribution of cations in both sites, resulting in an increase of magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry and VSM are used to characterize the powders. This work shows that a redox reaction is observed between Fe11 and metalling iron during milling in steel medium, leading to a spinel phase containing some Fe11. The mechanism for the appearance of this phase is studied : ZnO seems to have a non negligeable influence on the synthesis, by creating an intermediate wüstite-type phase solid solution with FeO. Millings in WC medium permit to avoid the Fe11 contamination
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Cramer, Michael D. "A comparison of the influence of different inorganic nitrogen forms on the partitioning of Carbon in C₃ (Triticum Aestivum) and C₄ (Zea Mays) plants." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26072.
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Kazinczi, Daniela Lobo. "Influencia da secagem em camada estacionaria delgada do milho (Zea mays) na qualidade do grão e viscosidade do amido extraido." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257479.
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Orientador: Maria Regina SartoriDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: A qualidade da matéria prima, de acordo com seu uso final, é um aspecto fundamental. Este trabalho teve por finalidade a avaliação da qualidade do milho variedade Cargill-C125 destinado à moagem por via-úmida após secagem em camada fixa à diferentes temperaturas e umidades iniciais, através da avaliação das proteínas não desnaturadas (teste de turbidez), índice de quebra, quantificação do grau de stress (teste colorimétrico) e propriedades viscoamiIográficas do amido de milho. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 3 níveis de temperatura medidos no interior do grão (60, 70 e 80°C), 1 fluxo de ar (21m3/min.m2),1 altura de camada (8cm) e três umidades iniciaisda matéria-prima (25,4; 22,5 e 18,0%). As umidades iniciaisde 22,5 e 18,0%, foram obtidas pela secagem ao sol, a partir da umidade de 25,4%. Os resultados indicaram que, do ponto de vista de desnaturação proteica, o pior tratamento foi o de 25,4% de umidade inicial submetido à secagem a 80°C (25,4%/80°C), tendo os melhores resultados sido obtidos a 18,0%/60°C e 18,0%/70°c. Os tratamentos não diferiram significativamente quanto ao índice de quebra. O método desenvolvido de caixa com luz ma e tampo de vidro possibilitou uma boa visualização das fissuras. Na quantificação do grau de stress através do teste colorimétrico a única diferença significativa observada foi entre os tratamentos 25,4%/60°C e 25,4%/80°C. As propriedades viscoamilográficas do amido de milho não diferiram significativamente entre os diferentes tratamentos. A influência das diferentes temperaturas de secagem empregadas foi melhor detectada pelo teste de proteínas não desnaturadas
Abstract: Grain quality according to end use is a fundamental aspect. The objective of this work was the evaluation of com quality for wet milling, after drying in a fixed layer at different temperatures and initial moisture contents, through evaluation of non denaturated protein (turbidity test), stress cracking, degree of stress cracking (colorimetric test) and viscoamilographic properties of starch. Treatments were: 3 temperature levels, measured in the interior of the grain (60, 70 and 80°C), 1 air flow (2Im3/min.m2), 1 thickness of layer and 3 initial moisture contents (2S,4, 22,5 and 18,0%). lnitial moisture contents of 22,5 and 18,0% were obtained by sun drying, starting ITom 25,4%. Resuts indicated that, from the point of view of protein denaturation, the worse treatment was 25,4% initialmoisture content, submited to drying at 80°C (2S,4%/80°C), best results being obtained at 18%/60°C and 18%/70°C. Treatments did not differ significantlyas far as stress cracking was concemed. The method developed of a box with cold light covered by glass, allowed a good observation of fissures. In the quantification of the degree of stress through the colorimetric test the only significative difference observed was between the treatments 2S,4%/60°C and 2S,4%/80°C. Viscoamilografic properties of com starch did not differ significantly among different treatments. The intIuence of different drying temperature was better detected by the test of denaturated proteins
Mestrado
Pre-Processamento de Produtos Agropecuarios
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Parfait, Gisèle. "Influence de l'association maïs (Zea mays)/haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris) sur la fructification du haricot et les attaques d'une bruche spécialiste du P. vulgaris, Acanthoscelides obtectus." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600283f.
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Satchivi, Norbert M. "Toxicité de deux herbicides, l'imazaquine et le metsulfuron méthyle sur la croissance de plantules de mai͏̈s (zea mays) influence de l'antidote lab 145 138 h." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0223.
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Les imidazolinones et les sulfonylurees sont des herbicides inhibiteurs de l'acteloactate synthase (als), premiere enzyme commune a la voie de biosynthese des acides amines a chaine ramifiee. Cependant on ne sait pas comment l'inhibition de cette enzyme entraine l'arret des divisions cellulaires puis de la croissance et finalement la mort du vegetal. Dans cette etude, nous avons recherche a preciser certains effets secondaires de l'imazaquine (iq) et du metsulfuron methyle (msm). Nous avons d'abord precise les conditions de culture des caryopses ; il en ressort que l'obtention de plantules agees de trois jours necessite 6 h d'imbibition des caryopses avec 5 ml de milieu d'imbibition. Cela nous a permis d'analyse l'influence de l'antidote lab 145 138 h sur l'effet toxique des deux herbicides. Les resultats obtenus montrent qu'en absence de l'antidote, l'iq et le msm provoquent des reductions de 53 et 58% de l'elongation du coleoptile et de 72 et 84% de celle de la racine lorsque la dose utilisee est egale a 4000 nm. Cependant, le pretraitement des caryopses avec l'antidote a 70 m, amoindrit l'effet herbicide ; les reductions passent respectivement a 28 et 27% au niveau du coleoptile et a 60 et 68% au niveau racinaire. Cet antidote est donc capable d'assurer une protection partielle de la plantule contre les effets toxiques de l'iq et du msm. En ce qui concerne l'impact des deux herbicides sur la teneur en proteines solubles des apex coleoptilaires et racinaires, nous avons montre que les differents traitements herbicides provoquent une augmentation de 17 a 30% de la quantite de proteines des apex coleoptilaires lorsque la dose appliquee est comprise entre 1200 et 4000 nm. Toutefois, le pretraitement des caryopses avec l'antidote lab induit une diminution de l'effet herbicide ; l'accroissement de la teneur en proteines n'est plus alors que de 14 a 19% pour ces memes doses. Au niveau racinaire seule le msm a 4000 nm provoque une augmentation de 15% de la teneur en prot
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Parfait, Gisèle. "Influence de l'association mai͏̈s (zea mays) / haricot (phaseolus vulgaris) sur la fructification du haricot et les attaques d'une bruche spécialiste du phaseolus vulgaris, acanthoscelides obtectus." Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU3011.
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Etude des modifications des relations entre un insecte phytophage spécialiste et une plante cultivée, selon la diversité végétale du peuplement de la plante-hôte. Les attaques d' acanthoscelides obtectus, dont les femelles pondent dans les gousses sèches, ont été comparées sur haricot nain cultivé en monoculture et en association avec le mai͏̈s. Plans expérimentaux "en bloc" ou plus simples ont été utilisés. Les plantes sont échantillonnées systématiquement dans les parcelles en début de saison. Les données relevées portent sur le suivi de la fructification du haricot, les attaques de bruches et les caractéristiques de l'habitat (microclimat et développement du maI͏̈s). Les attaques diminuent dans les associations quelle que soit la densité du haricot, cette diminution dépend de l'indice comparé de la synchronisation des cycles des deux plantes.
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Ilha, Bernardo Bortolotto. "Influence of minor Zn addition on the microstructural stability of Sn-0.7 wt% Cu solder after aging and electromigration." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7322.
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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
The aging and electromigration (EM) effects were evaluated when up to 0.19 wt.% Zn was added to Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu solder. Currently, the Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu solder is being widely used in the electronic industries due to its advantages of low cost and high temperature applications. However, its usage is also limited by detrimental properties – for instance, when compared to SAC305, Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu solder has lower electromigration life time, shear strength and drop reliability. Minor Zn alloying to Pb-free solders reportedly enhances some of their properties, e.g.: stabilization of bulk microstructures by decreasing undercooling; formation of a thin interfacial diffusion barrier and, thereby, suppressing Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5 interfacial IMC growth rate and retarding under bump metallurgy (UBM) diffusion through the solder; and also, compensation for Sn self-diffusion due to reverse polarity effect. In this research, the aging and EM effects are assessed when 0.09, 0.16 and 0.19 wt.% Zn were added to Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu solder. The samples underwent up to 500 h of isothermal aging at temperatures of 125, 150 and 175 °C, and EM samples underwent up to 200 h of stressing at a constant temperature of 150 °C and current of 3.25 A. Solder balls were fabricated on a BGA structure for the aging tests, and for the EM tests, a pair of solders was assembled in a daisy-chain structure with organic solderability preservative (OSP) and electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) surface finishes. The microstructural evolution and compositional distribution analyses were carried out using optical microscope with brightfield and cross polarized light, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The addition of Zn suppresses the formation of Cu3Sn IMC and the total interfacial IMC thickness upon aging, and the samples with ENIG had smaller IMC thickness than OSP surface finish. In addition, the grains' microstructure becomes less interlaced and more stable, indicating lower undercooling. The electromigration effects on the microstructure is mainly governed by the relative orientation between the c-axis of Sn grains and the direction of current flow. When parallel, allows cathode UBM and alloying elements diffusion through the solder and formation of IMC, and, when transverse, inhibits this diffusion leading to failure by void formation at the anode UBM/solder interface due to depletion of the UBM and slow Sn self-diffusion.
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Krauß, Michael. "The Influence of Management Strategies on the Water Productivity in Dairy Farming and Broiler Production." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18560.
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Die Wasserproduktivität in der Tierhaltung ist von vielen Faktoren abhängig. Die Futterproduktion hat den größten Anteil am Wasserbedarf von tierischen Produkten. Weitere Einflussfaktoren sind die Leistung, die Reproduktion und der Gesundheitsstatus der Tiere, das Management und die Haltungsbedingungen. In dieser Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, wie sich diese Faktoren auf die Wasserproduktivität von Milch und Geflügelfleisch in Nord-Ost-Deutschland auswirken. Zehn unterschiedliche Futtermittel wurden hinsichtlich ihres Wasserbedarfes untersucht. Aus diesen Futtermitteln wurden die Rationen für die Tiere erstellt. Die Milchleistung der Kühe wurde zwischen 4.000 und 12.000 kg Milch pro Kuh und Jahr in 2.000 kg Schritten variiert. Für jedes Leistungsniveau wurden zwölf verschiedene Fütterungsstrategien untersucht, welche auf der Erhöhung einzelner Bestandteile der Ration basieren. Der Wasserbedarf von Leitungswasser im Stall wurde mit 38 Wasserzählern ermittelt. Für die Wasserproduktivität des Geflügelfleisches wurden vier verschieden intensive Mastverfahren untersucht.
Die Wasserproduktivität steigt mit steigender Milchleistung der Kühe. Das Maximum wird bei 10.000 kg Milch pro Kuh und Jahr und Rationen mit einem hohem Gras- bzw. Maissilageanteil erreicht.
Die Kühe, die im automatischen Melksystem gemolken wurden, nahmen mehr Tränkwasser zu sich, als die Kühe im Fischgrätenmelkstand. Dies ist durch die höhere Milchleistung bedingt. Im automatischen Melksystem wurden im Mittel 28,6 Liter Reinigungswasser pro Kuh und Tag benötigt. Für die Reinigung des Fischgrätenmelkstandes wurden 33,8 Liter pro Kuh und Tag genutzt.
Die untersuchten Broilermastverfahren zeigten keine Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Wasserproduktivität. Die intensivere Aufzucht und bessere Futterverwertung wurde durch eine niedrigere Wasserproduktivität des Futters kompensiert.
Der Anteil des technischen Wassers macht in der Milchkuh- und Broilerhaltung nur einen kleinen Teil am Gesamtwasserbedarf aus.Livestock production is the main user of water resources in agricultural production. Water is used in animal production for producing feed, watering the animals, and cleaning and disinfecting barns and equipment. The objective of this dissertation was to quantify the effects of management strategies, such as feeding, intensity of production and the replacement process on the water productivity of milk and poultry meat in Germany. Water productivity in milk and broiler production systems was calculated based on the methodology of Prochnow et al. (2012). Own measurements of the drinking and cleaning water demand in milk production were conducted in a dairy cow barn. The study was based on site conditions of North-East Germany with common variations in farm operations. The feed production is the main contributor to water input in dairy and poultry production. The water productivity of milk increased with an increasing milk yield. The most beneficial conditions related to water productivity in dairy farming were found to be with a milk yield of approximately 10,000 kg fat corrected milk and a grass silage and maize silage based feeding. The total technical water use in the barn makes only a minor contribution to water use. Former regression functions of the drinking water intake of the cows were reviewed and a new regression function based on the ambient temperature and the milk yield was developed. In broiler production the intensification of the fattening systems did not increase water productivity. An increase of water productivity in animal production can be achieved with various management strategies with their specific influence on the production process. The feed management should be a focus of the strategies.
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Gloria, Eduardo Micotti da. "Influencia dos niveis de grãos avariados de milho (Zea mays L.), na contaminação com aflatoxinas, no rendimento da moagem umida e em algumas caracteristicas do amido extraido." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256060.
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Orientadores: Cesar Francisco Ciacco, Jose Francisco Lopes FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A indústria de moagem úmida do milho, assim como outros segmentos agroindustriais usuários do milho no Brasil, utilizam geralmente o sistema de classificação oficial modificado ou não, como único instrumento de controle de qualidade de sua matéria-prima. Os usuários do milho, também relacionam os tipos definidos pela classificação e os níveis de presença de grãos avariados em um lote com a presença, distribuição e nível de aflatoxinas nos lotes de milho. Os limites de presença de grãos com defeitos compreendidos na classificação brasileira não guardam relação com a qualidade dos lotes de milho destinados aos mais diversos tipos de utilização ou com a contaminação com aflatoxinas. Por isso, são necessários estudos que determinem melhor a influência dos tipos de avarias e dos níveis de presença destes sobre o processo de moagem úmida e sobre a contaminação com aflatoxinas. Neste projeto pretendeu-se verificar a influência do nível de presença de avarias do milho sobre: a presença e distribuição de aflatoxinas, o rendimento do processo de moagem úmida aplicado para extração do amido e, em algumas características do amido extraído. A distribuição dos pontos com fluorescência amarelo esverdeada brilhante, visualizados através da técnica da luz ultravioleta, entre os grupos de defeitos definidos pela classificação e sua relação com a contaminação da amostra também foi verificada. Os resultados mostraram que, normalmente, o grupo de grãos 1 ( grãos ardidos, brotados, mofados e queimados) apresentavam os níveis mais elevados de contaminação com aflatoxinas e o grupo 3 (grãos normais) os níveis mais baixos. Os grupos 2 (grãos carunchados, chochos, quebrados, prejudicados por diferentes causas e fermentados até 1/4) e 4 (Impurezas, matéria-estranha e fragmentos de milho) normalmente apresentaram níveis de contaminação entre os grupos 1 e 3. A contribuição de cada grupo para o nível de contaminação total da amostra variou de amostra para amostra, mas o grupo 2 normalmente foi o que mais contribuiu. Não se observou nas amostras uma correlação significativa entre as percentagens de presença dos grupos de grãos e o nível total de contaminação da amostra. A distribuição dos pontos fluorescentes mostrou que os grupos de defeitos 2 e 4 apresentavam normalmente a maioria dos pontos fluorescentes das amostras contaminadas. Os resultados de correlação entre número de pontos fluorescentes e o nível de contaminação sugerem que a visualização do grupo de defeitos 2 deva ser estudada como meio de aumentar à eficiência da técnica da luz ultravíoleta para detectar amostras possivelmente contaminadas. A presença dos grupos de grãos nos limites de presença estabelecidos pela classificação oficial do Brasil não afetou os rendimentos da moagem úmida (sólidos na água de maceração, germe, fibras, amido, glúten e sólidos no filtrado do glúten). Apesar dos limites da classificação não influenciarem os rendimentos da moagem úmida, os grupos de grãos 1 e 2 podem influenciar os rendimentos quando presentes em altos níveis como observado nos tratamentos E e F, onde 100% da matéria-prima que sofreu moagem consistia-se de grãos dos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente ¿Observação: O resumo, na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital.
Abstract: The corn wet milling industry like other com processors has generally the official classification with modifications or not as unique tool of quality control of their raw material. Com users associate too, the grain defects kinds defined for official classification e levels of presence the damaged grains in the com lot with presence, distribution and aflatoxin level in one corn lot. The adoption of limits to damaged grains, established by Brazilian official classification, to assess com lots quality destined to wet milling or to establish relation with presence or aflatoxin levels, does not have fundamental technical. Therefore, they are necessary studies that determine better the influence of kinds of damage and levels of presence these over wet milling process and aflatoxin contamination. In this project we intended to check the influence of presence level of damage grains in com lots over: aflatoxin presence and distribution, yields of wet milling process used to extract starch and some characteristics of starch. The blight greenish yellow fluorescent points distribution, observed by ultraviolet light technique, among groups of damaged grains defined in official classification and its relationship with levei of sample contamination was checked too. The results showed that normally the group one of grains (fermented, sprouted, mouldy and heated grains) had the highest levels of aflatoxin contamination and the group three (normal grains) had the lowest leveI. The group two (insect attacked, immature, broken, damaged by different sources and up to % of surface fermented grains) and four (Impurites, strange material and fragments of corn) normally showed contamination levels between group one and three. The contribution of each defect group to total contamination level of sample ranged from sample to sample, but the group two normally contributed more to total leveI. It was not observed on samples a significant correlation between presence percentage of grains group and total level of sample contamination. The distribution of fluorescent points showed that defect groups two and four had normally the most fluorescent points of contaminated samples. The correlation results between the number of fluorescent points observed in each group and the contamination level suggest that visualization of group two should be studied as way to improve the efficiency of ultraviolet light technique to detect probably contaminated samples. The presence of grain groups into Brazilian official classification limits did not affected the wet milling products yields (steep liquor solids, germ, fiber, starch and gluten filtrate solids). Despite Brazilian official classification limits of group grains did not influence the wet milling yields, the grain group one and two may to influence yields when present in high levels as observed in treatment E and F, where 100% of wet milling raw material was of the group one and two, respectively. When compared to wet milling of raw material compound just of normal grains, the wet milling of raw material with ali grains of group one decreased the germ and starch yield while increased gluten. Ever the wet milling of raw material with ali grains of group two decrease the germ and fiber yields while increased starch ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations.
Doutorado
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Deschamps, Alexis. "Influence de la prédéformation et des traitements thermiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques des alliages Al-Zn-Mg-Cu." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370760.
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Nous avons étudié l'influence du traitement thermomécanique des alliages Al-Zn-Mg-Cu sur leur microstructure et leurs propriétés mécaniques. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons étudié comment les mécanismes de précipitation et de durcissement structural sont modifiés lorsqu'on introduit des dislocations par détensionnement préalablement au traitement de revenu.La première approche de ce problème est expérimentale. Le but était d'obtenir des relations entre les microstructures développées suivant les différents traitements thermomécaniques et les propriétés mécaniques qui en résultent. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé de nombreuses techniques d'investigation complémentaires: microscopie optique et électronique en transmission, calorimétrie différentielle, diffusion centrale des rayons X, tomographie atomique, résistivité, microdureté et essais de traction.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons développé un modèle de précipitation compétitive homogène / hétérogène sur les dislocations. Ce modèle intègre continûment les différentes étapes de la précipitation (germination, croissance et coalescence) et du durcissement structural (cisaillement, contournement). Nous avons pu retrouver les principaux résultats expérimentaux à l'aide de ce modèle.
Enfin, nous avons étudié les propriétés plastiques de nos matériaux, suivant l'état de précipitation. Plus particulièrement, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la présence d'une précipitation dynamique lors d'essais de traction dans des états sursaturés, apportant un écrouissge très élevé.
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Assmann, Tangriani Simioni. "Influencia da aplicação do calcario Irati (São Mateus do Sul - PR) nos teores de S, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn no solo e na planta de milho (Zea mays L.)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27474.
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Este trabalho tem o objetivo de comparar a eficiência do calcário formação Irati, sobre o crescimento da planta de milho em relação a um calcário comercial, bem como verificar a contribuição diferenciada de doses crescentes dos dois corretivos quanto aos teores de sulfato, cobre, ferro, manganês e zinco, tanto para o solo como para a planta. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação no Setor de Ciências Agrárias da UFPR, tendo como substrato um Cambissolo TB, A proeminente, textura arenosa, proveniente de uma pastagem nativa localizada no município de Palmeira - PR. O primeiro experimento foi realizado em frascos, contendo 500 g, e o segundo conduzido em vasos. Os experimentos foram realizados independentemente, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em ensaio fatorial 2x5, sendo 2 materiais corretivos (calcário comercial e calcário formação Irati) e 5 doses crescentes dos materiais corretivos, em t/ha equivalentes de CaCO3 (0,00; 0,75; 1,50; 3,00 e 6,00). No experimento em frascos, posteriormente à adição dos materiais corretivos, o solo foi umedecido, e as trocas gasosas foram realizadas através de aberturas diárias. Foram coletadas amostras de solo para determinação de sulfato aos: 1, 5, 15, 60, 90 e 280 dias de incubação. Incrementos de doses do calcário Irati e do tempo de incubação, resultaram em aumentos dos teores de sulfato no solo. No experimento conduzido em vasos, o qual recebeu previamente os tratamentos, foram efetuados dois cultivos consecutivos de milho (Híbrido AG 612). Embora doses crescentes de calcário Irati tenham provocado aumentos nos teores de sulfato no solo, atingindo o valor de 49ug/g, a mais alta dose e doses crescentes do outro material corretivo, pouco alteraram a quantidade do elemento no solo; tais diferenças não refletiram-0se sobre o teor de enxofre total das plantas. Da mesma forma, solos corrigidos com calcário Irati, apresentaram teores de cobre, ferro, manganês, extraídos do solo com DTPA-TEA, 5%, 10% e 9%, respectivamente, maiores do que aquele que recebeu calcário comercial, sem tal fato influenciar o conteúdo destes elementos na planta. Por outro lado, aumento de doses de calagem, provocaram decréscimos nos teores de manganês e ferro e não tiveram efeito sobre os teores de cobre no solo; na planta, ocorreram aumentos de concentração de ferro e cobre e diminuição dos teores de manganês. Na mais alta dose de calagem (6t/ha), as plantas cultivadas com calcário Irati, apresentaram teores de zinco, significativamente mais elevados do que aquelas cultivadas com calcário comercial, uma vez que o incremento desse material, , provocou uma diminuição da concentração do elemento na planta, enquanto que doses crescentes do calcário Irati, mantiveram os níveis de zinco constantes, evidenciando assim a disponibilidade às plantas do zinco existente no calcário Irati. Até a dose de 3t/ha, a qual elevou o solo a uma porcentagem de saturação de bases considerada adequada para o cultivo do milho, ambos os calcários comportaram-se de maneira equivalente quanto a produção de massa seca e diâmetro do colmo da planta de milho
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Gypser, Stella [Verfasser], Dirk [Gutachter] Freese, and der Zee Sjoerd E. A. T. M. [Gutachter] van. "Identification of phosphate adsorption mechanisms on Fe- and Al-hydroxides and the influence of inorganic and organic compounds to reduce long-term phosphorus fixation on mineral surfaces / Stella Gypser ; Gutachter: Dirk Freese, Sjoerd E.A.T.M. van der Zee." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206936932/34.
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Mihelič, Rok [Verfasser]. "Influence of Farmyard Manure Fertilisation to Maize (Zea Mais L.) on Net-Nitrogen-Mineralisation, Dynamics of Soluble Nitrogen Fractions in the Soil and Nitrogen Losses from Shallow Soils under the Conditions of the Humid Climate of Central Slovenia / Rok Mihelic." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170529895/34.
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Fernandez-cornudet, Christelle. "Devenir du Zn, Pb et Cd issus de retombées atmosphériques dans les sols, à différentes échelles d'étude. -Influence de l'usage des sols sur la distribution et la mobilité des métaux-." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002321.
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Dans les études sur le devenir et les impacts de pollutions métalliques dans les sols l'influence de leur usage est encore mal connue. Cette influence a été examinée ici à travers une étude détaillée de comportements de trois métaux polluants, présentant des mobilités différentes: Zn, Cd, et Pb. Cette étude a été menée à la fois dans des horizons de surface d'une petite région affectée par des retombées de poussières métallifères émises par l'industrie métallurgique, ainsi que dans un site comportant deux sols agricoles gérés de manière contrastée. Il s'agit d'un sol sous prairie permanente (PP) et un sol cultivé (CA), situés à une même distance de la source d'émission et développés dans des conditions pédogenétiques semblables. L'objectif principal de ce travail était de quantifier les parts endogènes et exogènes des ETM dans les sols, leurs distributions dans les horizons et dans les compartiments pédologiques (microstructures, agrégats, constituants) et d'identifier les principaux vecteurs d'incorporation. Cette étude a fait appel à des analyses de teneurs totales en éléments (C. organique, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd,) des études macro- et micromorphologiques, des extractions cinétiques à l'EDTA et des études de la composition isotopique. Un deuxième objectif était de hiérarchiser le rôle des paramètres révélateurs de l'usage des sols sur la distribution et la mobilité des ETM. Ce travail montre que, 40 ans après l'arrêt de l'activité industrielle, la distribution actuelle des teneurs en métaux dans les horizons de surface ne reflète pas celle de retombées atmosphériques attendus selon un modèle simple de distribution en fonction de la distance à la source et des vents dominants. Les teneurs en Zn, Pb et Cd dans les premier 30 cm des sols varient selon l'usage des sols et notamment en fonction du pH, du potentiel redox, de la texture ou encore de l'activité biologique. Ainsi, les horizons de surface de sols acides en forêt auraient perdu plus de 80% du Zn retombé, contre environ 60% de l'horizon A d'un sol sous prairie permanente, suite à la bioturbation lombricienne, et "seulement " 40% pour l'horizon L d'un sol cultivé. Une typologie de secteurs de la zone impactée, pertinente par rapport à la migration de polluants a été proposée à partir de cartographies des rapports Zn/Pb et Cd/Pb. A l'échelle du solum et des horizons, un siècle de pratiques agricoles distinctes a conduit à des phénoformes différents. En particulier, l'activité biologique différente dans les sols PP et CA a modifié le cycle bio-géochimique des métaux et induit des différences dans leurs distributions et mobilité. Les 2 sols présentent en effet des profils de teneurs totales en Zn, Pb et Cd contrastés, avec une rétention de la majeure partie des métaux exogènes dans l'horizon labouré en CA (entre 53% pour Zn et 92% pour Pb et Cd) et une incorporation nettement plus importante dans PP (40% du Zn seulement, 73% du Cd et 82% du Pb exogène sont aujourd'hui présent dans les 26 premiers cm). L'incorporation est significative jusqu'à 80 cm de profondeur sous prairie. A l'échelle des agrégats, l'activité biologique en PP conduit à l'occurrence de trois types de fractions impliquées dans la dynamique des métaux (agrégats de 50-100 μm, 2-20μm, et fraction <2μm), alors que pour CA, seules les fractions 2-20μm et <2μm semblent prioritairement impliquées dans leur rétention et extractabilité. L'analyse de la composition isotopique du Pb sur des échantillons de sol et des extraits EDTA, est un outil performant pour détailler la nature et l'incorporation du Pb exogène. Par cette technique analytique le Plomb exogène sous prairie se retrouve jusqu'à la base du profil et jusqu'à 60cm de profondeur dans le sol sous culture. Cette approche a permis de valider l'ensemble des résultats obtenus à partir des teneurs totales en métaux. Elle souligne la nécessité d'une prise en compte des paramètres pédologiques afin de garantir la représentativité des échantillons étudiés et autoriser une évaluation plus pertinente des risques environnementaux qu'à partir des seules teneurs totales en métaux.
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Diyab, Chaden. "Influence des plantes (pois et tomate) et des amendements phosphatés (solide ou soluble) sur la spéciation et la phytodisponibilité des métaux (Pb et Zn) dans un sol contaminé par les retombées atmosphériques d' une usine pyrométallurgique." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066132.
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Huang, Hsiu-Chin, and 黃秀琴. "The Interactive Influence within Poetry and Zen in Tang Dynasty." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55602823174779475933.
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Huang, Li Jean, and 黃麗真. "The Influence of Chinese Zen Transmitted Eastward on Japanese Culture." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73643372287889712429.
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Thanh, Vuong Dieu, and 釋行願. "The Influence of China Zen Thoughts to Vientnam Zhulin Zen School—Focusing on Zenzong Chen''s Thought." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75618211259412493256.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
應用中國文學系碩士班
98
Abstract Zen, a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism in China, spread in Vietnam around the sixth century AD. It had been a long period of history. It also had a great influence to the history and culture of Vietnam. However, the earlier Buddhist sects in Vietnam were founded by foreigners, such as branch Vinitaruci created by Vintaruci who lived in south Tanzu, a Tang Dynasty monk who founded a branch of Wuyan, and Master Chaotang, a Yun-men Zen monk founded a branch of Chaotang in North Song Dynasty. When the master Zunlin founded the Zunlin Zen School, he broke a tradition that Zen sects always were founded by foreigners. Also, it showed that Buddhism was already rooted in Vietnam, and people could accept it. At the same time, because of master Zulin was an emperor, branch of Zulin had a great development and became a leading Vietnamese Buddhism. It also had a great help for the country development. Besides, it played a very important role in history and development of Buddhism in Vietnam. However, the research is related to master Zulin, Zulin Zen, and the comprehensive history of Buddhism. Zulin Zen is only one part of research. This thesis tries to look back on the history of branch of Zulin Zen, and discusses the origin, feature and thoughts of Zulin Zen and master Zulin. Also, it researches the changes after Chinese Zen spread to south, and supplements the history of Vietnam Buddhism. This paper is divided into five parts: Chapter 1 ─ Introduction: This chapter describes the research motive, purpose, scope, method, and bibliography review. Chapter 2 ─ The origin of the three branches of Zen in Vietnam. It briefly describes the origin of Zulin Zen, sects before Zulin Zen, including Vinitaruci, Wuyan, and Chaotang. Chapter 3 ─ The background of the foundation of Zulin. This chapter states the development and background of Zen at the prior period in Chen Dynasty. Besides, it describes the life and writings of Zenzong Chen, the father of Zulin. Chapter 4 ─ The thoughts and the origin of master Zulin. This chapter studies the thoughts and connotations of master Zulin. The main idea is the theory of Buddhism, the theory of no heart and no thinking, going to the secular world, and the origin and features of Zulin. Chapter 5 ─ In this chapter, it summarize all chapters and make a conclusion. Keywords: Zulin Zen, master Zulin, Zenzong Chen, the Zen sects of Vietnam
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Ching-YiWu and 吳靜宜. "The Influence of Zen on the Poetics in the Tang and Northern Song Dynasty." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25252589352138501661.
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博士國立成功大學
中國文學系碩博士班
101
The study is about Zen poetry and interaction between poetry and Zen Buddhism. The time limited to the Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, sought to clarify the poetic theory metaphor of meditation, Zen praxis, assimilation of Zen concepts in poetry and understand how to become part of the theory of poetics. In the China the Chinese Zen Buddhism is established in the Tang Dynasty. The Zen of this article is the classic application and Zen way of thinking.The assimilation of Zen concepts in poetry, not by the Buddhist name, the Buddhistic Truth words be able to understand the significance of their mutual influence.We need to refer to the changes in the context of the history of China's development, and the Buddhist scriptures Rationalist thinking of Buddhism and Zen. The poem and Zen representations, not alone, by the Buddhist name the Buddhistic Truth words can understand the connotation of its representations must reference the connotation with the changes in the thinking of Buddhism and Zen in the context of the development of the Chinese history and Buddhist scriptures moral principles. This study is divided into three stages, The Influence of Zen on the Aesthetics of the originator of the Poetry, The Influence of Zen on the Aesthetics of the Poetry in the development of the Tang Dynasty Poetics, The Influence, of Zen on the Aestheticsof the Poetry in the evolution of the Northern Song Dynasty Poetics. The study is divided into five chapters, the first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter is from the generation of geyi Poetics, image the deepening of theory, re-review of the relationship between mind and matter in creation theory, Poetic Rhythm and Buddhist scriptures turn read in four aspects.I found the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties , as the Buddha, such as cents, depending on Buddhism, such as Taoism, Buddhism and Taoism closely integrated, making literary criticism and theory of poetics, resulting in a high degree of development. By Buddhist Noted Tan, transfer to and Sanskrit chanting and monks finishing phonological, acoustic disease with four tones eight disease theories such as sound legal theory thus forming Prajna ten Yu and France and China seven metaphor such as Zen terminology become poetic language is even more direct line Buddhist Poetry real. Furthermore, when Meditation creation of combined meditation concept throughout the sixth consciousness within six outside combination of habitat, significant emotional images and mood, the imagery theory into Artistic Conception to the Tang Dynasty. Third chapter, the author mainly from China's Tang Dynasty, after the formation of the Zen theory to start with the stage of vigorous development of the theory of poetry, the emergence of a large number of the Poet Monks, poetic style, as founder of the poetry composition and the poetic writings, as well as mood ' formed Zen legal the static, Hui role makes poetry aesthetic development in the creation of style on to another wave of peak. Chapter Northern Song Mei, Europe, the Soviet Union, people driven, driven Chinese poetry experienced a second peak, Su Shi study poetry muddy like to learn Zen transformed since the Tang Dynasty has begun to develop a flat to the taste of poetry throughout Zen combination, while Su Shi turn Fa Hua, transferred, such as use of to end up thinking, but also the development of the game Samadhi and Miaoguan Yat want such as poetry Zen representations of poetic phenomenon, to Explains text Chunhua like text Zen thought poetry Trolltech cases, unusual and reasonable interest, more poetry Zen representations Poetics sector extends everywhere is Zen. Especially Cloud Gate 3 off with three direct poetics used, while the so-called Poetics three tests, and detour that the combination of Zen and Chinese traditional implicit poetics of the poem with Endless Words aftertaste . Poetics development to the Northern Song final the poems about Zen representations phenomenon can be described Maturity to the Southern Song Yan Yu Changlangshihua Buddhist Poetry, compared with the poem Zen Negotiate synthesizer. And a lot of these poetic writings, not only to summarize the previous generation poetry forms and poetic method, more rich connotation of Chinese Poetics. The Influence of Zen on the Aesthetics of the Poetry is divided into several spindle during.The sound legal development and changes, as well as the original natural temperament to the Wei and Jin by Buddhist scriptures to transfer to Siddham With Pingze, antithesis, to the the Tang Dynasty only the so-called Sound Theory, the formation of the verses so poetic style, poetry Law. Northern Song Dynasty began to pursue a poetic style and syntax of a model. In the Six Dynasties,these is the Tonal Patterns and Eight Faults on the Chinese’s Poetry Forms . In the Tang Dynasty, poetry disease is the disease of the Poets in the Song Dynasty, the meaning and focus of the disease has been transformed. In addition, the the mind physical relationship development axis, Six Dynasties, identify, and material sense that Emotion matter Hing, was with emotion concept. , Compared to the Tang Dynasty Overview objects, chanting Tang Dynasty mid turn objects These are poems Zen representations concrete results. Furthermore, On the relationship between writing mode with the internal thinking, first Six Dynasties mysterious landscape realm of Xuanming, that there was a situational, physical environment and mood to the Song Dynasty official places poetic omnibus. The Style of the Six Dynasties stage borrow Cheng Huai taste like, in terms of taste, the signs outside the so-called elephant to the Tang Dynasty, and special heavy flavor, while Su Shi connotation of a turn in terms of bland to taste, the pursuit of forgetting images of the territory. Li Zhiyi thought the Wu pen such as Wuchan the earlier in the Six Seng Zhao Tan Miao Wu, epiphany, while the Chinese invasive heart of poetry workers are in Zen poetry common inwardness theory be Chuangfa. Visible poetry representations must be observed in the context of the history of the development of literature and Zen Zen Zen with poem intersection crystallization meticulous rendering. Although most oriented to be touched, but I hope the development of the evolution of the phenomenon a detailed retrospective poem Zen representations and connotation, so the Chinese Poetics how the impact and role of Buddhist thinking, seen a more three-dimensional.
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德卡, Sagar Talekar. "“Zen and Taoism Influence on 20th Century Abstract Painting -- and Researcher's Art Creation Experience”." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84207426211489177805.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
美術學系
101
First chapter focused on the introduction of Zen and Taoism philosophy by Eastern and Western viewpoints. Second part of this chapter investigates the literature review by number of books, novels, research papers, articles of Zen and Taoism philosophy, art influence on east and west. However, several painters from East and West have deeply influenced by this philosophy but there is very less information available about painting and philosophy connection. Some of literature are very important for this research and had details examination in this chapter. Second chapter Research background is constructed on Twentieth century artists, who can be safely said to be influenced by Zen and Taoism philosophy, were not interested in a photographic representation of an object but in interpreting its spirits. It has been Cosmo centric. Therefore this chapter examines western artists and their involvement and viewpoints and for Eastern mainly concern on Taiwanese and Indian artists works. Third chapter of significance and expected outcomes mainly focused on varied colors and abstract forms of Zen and Tao such as Enso, Yin-Yang, circle, square, triangular, spiral or (Kundalini). Therefore this Chapter is constructed on philosophical influence of Zen and Taoism by basic of line, calligraphy, color, techniques and styles by various artists. Fourth chapter is based on my own art experience and an influence of Zen and Taoism philosophy as well as the influence of abstract painters of 20th century. The guidance of my fine art professor Su Hsian-Fa and Hsiao Chong Ray, about collective unconscious, that all humans have common inherited archetypal and symbolic patterns of emotional and mental behavior which took me to the higher levels and in depth in abstract paintings creation inspired by Zen and Taoism Philosophy. Fifth chapter is main analysis of this research. It’s analyzed by number of artist of Europe and America. 20th century’s American artists explored the calligraphic brushstroke, which was an approach to abstract painting that focused on popular writings on Taoism and Zen and its ethics of direct action. American artists were searching beyond the limitations of their culture for motivation. Shodo, in general, served as inspiration to numerous Abstract Expressionist painters of the period. Japanese art and Zen Buddhism dominated in part because America’s political and economic ties with Japan were historically stronger than those with China or India. Especially European artists inspired by this philosophy and their composition were depending upon chance, random accident or highly improvisational execution, typically hoping to attain freedom from the past, from academic formulas and the limitations placed on imagination by the conscious mind. 20th century most of abstract art was spiritual in its origin and one of them was theosophy movement, it can compare with many of spiritual techniques in Eastern systems of spirituality, to compare the different meditation techniques of Zen and Taoism in this chapter. Conclusion is arrived on Zen Philosophy is constructed on Nothingness whereas Taoist philosophy is constructed on Empty mind therefore this research focused on the aspects of comparative philosophical and painting study and view but not religious view.
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Chen, Hsin-Fu, and 陳信甫. "The Influence of Chinese Zen to Japanese Garden Study：A Case Study of Kyoto Area Gardens." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45788397742753405335.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
89
Zen, A branch of Chinese Buddhism was introduced to Japan during the Sung Dynasty .It has influenced Japanese garden style deeply and evolved well-known Chinese Zen-styled gardens of Kamakura and Muromachi periods. The Chinese and Japanese Zen Buddhist were the chief communicator for both garden cultures in these days. The arrangement of temple garden in Kamakura period, influenced by the emphasis of Chinese temple on nature, smelled a strong Zen effect. During Muromachi periods, Japanese Clergy were fond of creation of Chinese poem and pairting , which developed “ Five Mountains －The Rinzai Zen Monastic Institution in Medieval Japan ” and generated the popularity of “ Zen building ” . For example, “Dry Landscape ” was influenced by Chinese Zen painting and become the most typical Zen Garden in Japanese Gardening design Shoin Garden during the Momoyama periods was the place for meditation for Samurai and Buddhist, the arrangements and furnishings were also planned and modeled with Zen character. In addition, the “ stroll garden with pond ” in Edo period, was influenced by the Tao of Tea from China , formed the design of “ Tea house” and “ Tea garden ” which indeed brought new colors for gardening in Japan .After Edo period, because the decrease of Japanese Zen worships, the influence of Chinese Zen to Japanese garden finally faded away and become history.
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Ming-Wen, Wang, and 王明雯. "The Relationships between Self Schema and Mental Health among High-School Students, and the Influence of Zen Meditation." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11756797951716385261.
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博士國立師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系
86
The present research had a double purposes: first, to explore the relationship s between mental health and identification with one''s "self-nature" as present ed in the Zen system of Hui-Neng; second, to examine the possible impact of Ze n meditation, in terms of mental health upon characteristics of one''s self-sch ema.First Part of the StudyThe group-comparison strategy was adopted. Out of a total of 891 high school students, 54 were selected and then divided into thr ee groups according to their degree of mental health. Two instruments were use d, namely, the Perception Habit Scale(PHS), and theTwenty-Sentence-Test about Self (TSTS). The data of the PHS were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. By coding the content of the TSTS according to the self-schema characteristics, there were four variables: types of emotion, objects of identification, ways of percepti on, and levels of object-relationship. Those were analyzed through the use of an independent chi-square (χ2) test. The results were as follows: 1. The more healthy group scored significantly higher on the PHS than the less healt hy group. 2. With regard to the self-schema characteristics, significant differences between the three groups were revealed. Among the subjects of the more healthy groups were a significantly greater balance between individual an d social identity, the higher level of object-relationships, the harmony of em otions, and more positive feelings. Besides, they had less negative feelings . As a whole, the self-schema of the more healthy groups were more correla ted to those self-schema typical of an identification with one''s "self nature" as presented in the Zen system of Hui-Neng.Second Part of the Study For this part of the study, three different strategies were adopted. The first one cons isted in a pre-post test of two unequal groups. The experimental group was con stituted of 8 high-school students who, for this experiment, participated in a four-day Zen Meditation Program. The control group was formed of 14 other hig h-school students. The following scales were used: the Perception Habit Scale (PHS), the Heath Scale (HS) and the Nervousness Scale (NS). The data were anal yzed through the use of one-way ANOVA. As in the first part of the study, the same four variables found among self-schema were analyzed through the use of i ndependent chi-square(χ2) test. The results were as follows: 1. On the PH S, the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group. However, on both the HS and the NS, the two groups did not significantly diffe r. 2. With regard to the self-schema of the experimental group, they were significantly higher in terms of the level of object-relationships, and the ha rmony of emotions. But the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of objects of identification, and ways of perception. A second strategy adopted a time-series design for the study of the eight subjects of the experimental g roup. The Consciousness Stream Scale(CSS) was used . It included the four foll owing variables: the correct ways of perception, the incorrect ways of percept ion, the Zen characteristics, and the harmony of emotions. Those were measured through the use of Trend-Analysis. The results were as follows: 1. During the Zen meditation, the incorrect ways of perception decreased significantly with time, though the other characteristics did not significantly change. 2. The trend of CSS changed relativity and orderly and periodically according to the stages of the Zen meditation and with individual differences. A!third m ethodology, which was used, was the case-study design combined with the ABC si ngle-case design. Among the eight subjects who participated the Zen Meditation Program, three were chosen: they were tested before and after the Program. Be sides, after the Program, there was a follow-up twice: the first time, after t wo weeks, and the second time, after two months. The variables were the four s elf-schema characteristics, the HS, the NS and the CSS. The data were submitte d to a t-test, and the changes between stages were compared. The results were as follows:1. After short-term, intensive Program of Zen Meditation, the subje cts had improved with regard to their identification with transcendent values , their mental health, their experience of inner peace, and also the character istics of their self-schema. Other factors, such as life circumstances, the in dividual differences of subjects, their original receptivity to Zen concepts, their way of coping with difficulties, and continuous practice might also have been partly responsible for the changes observed . 2. A continuous appli cation of the Zen meditation skills to emotional management may help the regul ar Zen meditator to copy with his emotions more easily and recover inner seren ity more rapidly. Besides, it can help him become more cheerful, more able to focus his attention, to think more clearly and precisely, and to develop shar per self-awareness. As a whole, the results of the present research support th e conclusion that the identification with one''s "self-nature" as found in the Zen system of Hui-Neng can help understand the relationship between self-schem ata and various states of mental health. Besides, the Zen meditation practice can be a very effective method for modifying self-schema and transforming them into more healthy ones. Finally, suggestions are proposed for both future res earch and applications to counseling.
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Bhana, Poorvi. "The influence of Zen philosophy and aesthetics and the work of artists Andy Goldsworthy, Anish Kapoor and Petre Voulkos." Thesis, 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000377.
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Thesis (M. Tech Degree. Fine Arts) Tshwane University of Technology 2012.The topic for this study was sparked when a colleague observed that many of my artworks expressed certain Zen philosophies. As I examined the works of artists who influenced me, the Zen principles were highlighted and thus began a process of examining these principles. The study follows the spread of Buddhism from India, where it originated, to China, where it later spread, and finally to Japan, where Zen philosophies are still practised today. Confronted by words in foreign languages and new philosophical terms, this study seeks to clarify and demystify complex Eastern traditions, rituals and practices in order to explore Zen principles, such as dualism, spontaneity, non-action, the interconnectedness of all phenomenon and beauty in its natural form. The study begins with an introduction to Buddhism and proceeds to explain the link to Daoism, highlighting the aforementioned Zen philosophies and practices like the tea ceremony and demonstrating their influence on Andy Goldsworthy, Anish Kapoor and Peter Voulkos, through an analysis of a selection of their artworks.
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鄭惠美. "The Influence of Bi Zen Ga of Japanese Ukiyo-E on the Style of Chen Chin''s Gouache Paintings." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81083730846726440926.
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碩士國立屏東師範學院
視覺藝術教育研究所
91
The Influence of Bi Zen Ga of Japanese Ukiyo-E on the Style of Chen Chin’s Gouache Paintings In the 19th, the unique style and character of art of Japanese Ukiyo-E had influenced on the vision experience、art attitude and painting method of painters of Europe. The study adopted research methods of style model，history and art sociology to achieve the study good. The discoveries by the investigation of study are below: Bi Zen Ga of Japanese Ukiyo-E is derived from the folk paintings in the Hei An Period, the Bi Zen Ga produced in the Kan Bun Period, and there were many greater painters of Be Zen Ga of Ukiyo-E appeared in the E-Do Period, the major painting composition in the beauty to create the ideal beauty by printers, each shows a special style in the every Ukiyo-E Period that became the most attractive art expression. The Bi Zen Ga of Ukiyo-E including some peculiarities are below: (1)Both Chinese and Japanese (2)realistic materials (3)majestic，decorative and modeling (4)the color expression principle emphasis on printmaking (5)abundant painting ability (6)the unique style that emphasis on sentiment (7)custom meaning (8)creation (9)romantic expression style. In the other hand, the art development during Japanese Occupation Period that played a very important role in the developing process of Taiwan art. Especially the Taiwan Art Exhibition in 1927 contributed to the wide-spreading excise of Taiwan New-Art. At that time the art education method and official art exhibition had influenced the attitude of Taiwan Art. Therefore, the major direction of Taiwan Exhibition emphasized on sketching and provincialism. Chen-Chin appeared her Bi Zen Ga in the Taiwan Art Exhibition when she graduated and introduce by Matubayasi（松林桂月） that joined in Bi Zen Ga System of Tokyo Ukiyo-E art master Kaburagi Kiyokata（鏑木清方）and guide by Itouhu Kami（伊東深水）、Yamakawa Syuhou（山川秀峰）,expressed many characters that included majestic、decorative、modeling、custom meaning and artist creation are apparent, also by means of teaching and self-learning to appear the composition、style、background、color、line…etc. in Chen-Chin’s painting that revealed deep effect of Bi Zen Ga of Ukiyo-E. There are many discoveries in this study as followings: (一)Chen-Chin joined in Kaburagi Kiyokata’s group and received the guidance of Itouhu Kami and Yamakawa Syuhou，Kaburagi Kiyokata is fifty-one years-old, and Itouhu Kami and Yamakawa Syuhou should be just only above thirty years old. Chen-Chin reminded the past:「Kaburagi Kiyokata is sixty to seventy years old,」「they(Itouhu Kami，Yamakawa Syuhou) are above fifty years old」that have some confusion about memories. But Kaburagi Kiyokata is fifty-one years old at that time belong to the prime of his life should able to adequate for painting teaching that appeared the other factor are worth deep search. (二)In the early 30 ages, Chen Chin’s painting are not only control the theme of provincialism, but also reveal the unique character of Taiwan’s beauties, a series of her Taiwan Lady Painting without any politics, even no more to challenger Japan’s authority. (三)According to writer’s study, the Chen-Chin’s painting 〈Spring Flower（春花）〉 that the creation age is not in the 1921, should in 1933 to 1934, and belong to the same age of 〈Touogatama（含笑花）〉、〈Nobe（野邊）〉. (四)In the Tung-Yang Painting of Taiwan Art Exhibition and Taiwan Viceroy Government Art Exhiibition, the joined and selected paintings that the themes can classify to paintings of scenery, flowers and birds portrait and the others. Although the portrait painting’s ratio in these kinds of paintings is not high, but the paintings of Bi Zen Ga occupy the higher ratio in portrait paintings, because of the effort of Bi Zen Ga painters in Taiwan, glory to Bi Zen Ga had been to Official Exhibition for sixteen appointment time. (五)The Chen Chin’s painting “Fall Voice” is obvious that familiar to the attitude of beauty’s turn back and hold the hands tight close to her chest. (六)There are imitate phenomenon exist in Japanese’s culture and art, that also the learn and create mode for Bi Zen Ga of Japan. (七)The beauty of ideal and model is the special type of Ukiyo-E, by means of this special model to create artist’s personality. The twin sisters’ painting style is as the same as Bi Zen Ga. From Bi Zen Ga of Japanese Ukiyo-E to modern Bi Zen Ga, the twin sister painting method that is a very popular in the Bi Zen Ga artists. The beauties in Chen Chin’s Bi Zen Ga are the ones full of ideal and model, likewise her favorite painting method is twin sisters. (八)The changeable line-drawing deeply and black line painting for melody, the speed rhythm of rush，slow，light and heavy are the expression methods in the early period of Ukiyo-E. Until mixed-color Printmaking in fashion that lines gradually incline to delicate，neat，even and no thickness change of steel-line drawing. This kind of reveal method also adopted. The Bi Zen Ga of Ukiyo-E of modern ages also adopted this kind of expression method. Chen-Chin had learned under Bi Zen Ga of Ukiyo-E System, that bring the character，meaning of Bi Zen Ga of Ukiyo-E into fully play, the Bi Zen Ga no matter what Ladies in Japanese kimono and women of Taiwan or mountain region full of local character, there are very deep influence on their form and substance, and bring the special quality, meaning Bi Zen Ga of Ukiyo-E into fully play. Not only is she the first female artist in the Taiwan Art history, but also a first Bi Zen Ga artist.
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Tai-YouYe and 葉泰佑. "Flow Influences Zen in Programming Art." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ybg887.
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Gelburd, Gail. "Far Eastern philosophical influences on environmental art, 1967- 1987." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30866862.html.
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ZHUANG, LU-CHONG, and 莊祿崇. "The characteristics of glomus spp. and their influence on growing maize or corn (Zea mays)." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57271867204781653036.
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Yen, Chih-Chuan, and 嚴智權. "The research of the influences of living adaptation as a result of the application of life Zen teaching program for elementary school children." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47325998715348390978.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東師範學院
教育行政研究所
93
This research aimed to investigate the influences of living adaptation as a result of the application of life Zen teaching program. The targeted research subjects were students from two classes of grade four in an elementary school in Kaohsiung. One class was the experimental group, and the other one was the controlled group. The students in the experimental group underwent 10 weeks (20 lessons) of meditation and life Zen story teaching program, two lessons each week, each lesson was comprised of forty minutes and progressed teaching activities on one topic. The controlled group underwent usual teaching program, there were no other experimental elements involved. The research tools were employed from “Elementary school children living adaptation grading form” that was edited by Ferng, How-Meei. The pre test, posttest and continuous tests were carried out; the obtained results were analyzed by individual sample single factor variable and used the actual “quantity” analysis. Other than that, it was complemented by the returned questionnaires that were established by the researcher, the collected information were used for “quality” analysis, and compared as percentages. The result showed that: 1. Meditation and life Zen story teaching program to the elementary students had significant instant teaching result on the grading form of elementary living adaptation and life recognition. 2. Meditation and life Zen story teaching program to elementary students had significant instant teaching result on the grading form of elementary living adaptation regardless the gender differences. 3. Meditation and life Zen story teaching program to elementary students had shown continuous education effect on the grading form of living adaptation and life recognition. 4. Meditation and life Zen story teaching program had continuous interaction between gender and experimental group, there was no significant instant and continuous interaction shown on the grading form of elementary living adaptation. 5. After the students of experimental underwent meditation and life Zen story teaching program, there was a significant positive helping effect to the living adaptation, behavior, attitude, concept and emotion stabilization. The researcher used the basis of this outcome to have analyzed, discussed and made some recommendations on the design and implementation of meditation and life Zen story, raising the awareness of the school program and the future research aspect for reference.