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Et al., Phramaha Surachai Phutchu. "Influence of Zen Buddhism on Buddhadasa Bhikkhu." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.947.
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Zen is one of Mahayana Buddhism which is propagated in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and many counties in the West. In Thailand Zen was known widespread because of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu’s translated works. Furthermore, he has studied and applied its teachings for developing Thai society through establishing Suan Mokkhabalarama. There is the center of study and practice the Dhamma which reflects the concept of Zen, such as Spiritual Theater, Curved Stone Court, Natural Uposatha, Dhamma Ships, Avalokiteshavara Bodhisattva’s Statue, and Nalike Pond. These places are strongly influenced by Dhamma puzzle of Koan and Zen garden arrangement which emphasize the cultivation of wisdom, living simple and in harmony with nature. In the term of Dhamma teaching Buddhadasa Bhikkhu mixes the principle of Theravada and Zen teachings properly, that is the principle of working with empty mind.
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Obremski, K., P. Wojtacha, P. Podlasz, and M. Żmigrodzka. "The influence of experimental administration of low zearalenone doses on the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and on selected subpopulations of lymphocytes in intestinal lymph nodes." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2015-0064.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the immune response taking place in ileocecal lymph nodes (ICLN) in control (n=15) and zearalenone (ZEN)-treated (n=15) pigs. The experiment was carried out over 42 days; a dose of 0.1 mg kg−1 feed day−1 of ZEN was administered to the animals. The dose used in the experiment was at a level where no adverse effects are observed (NOAEL) in the ovaries, uterus and vagina. ICLN samples for analysis were collected on the 14th, 28th and 42nd day of the experiment. The analysis of cytokine concentration in the tissues showed that pigs treated with ZEN had an increased level of cytokines produced by helper Th1 lymphocytes (IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ) on the 28th day of the experiment. The level of cytokines produced by helper Th2 lymphocytes (IL-4 and IL-10) was characterized by a statistically non-significant upward trend, as compared with the control group. Flow cytometry showed a linear decrease in the percentage of CD21+ B, CD2+ T and CD4+CD8- T cells and an increase in the percentage of CD8+CD4- and TCRγδ + T cells in pigs treated with ZEN. Both ZEN and α-ZEL (α-zearalenone) concentrations increased over time in the liver, but only ZEN concentration increased in ICLN. The results obtained demonstrate that a NOAEL concentration of ZEN shifts the immune response in pig ICLN towards Th1/Th17, probably with a simultaneous activation of M1 macrophages. Moreover, we observed an increase in humoral cytokine secretion; this can be explained by a negative feedback loop and a phenotypic switch of macrophages from M1 to M2, as well as a switch of immune response from Th1 to Th2 type. ZEN can therefore influence the process of cytokine secretion and the percentage of lymphocytes in ileocecal lymph nodes.
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Gajęcka, Magdalena, Michał S. Majewski, Łukasz Zielonka, Waldemar Grzegorzewski, Ewa Onyszek, Sylwia Lisieska-Żołnierczyk, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Andrzej Babuchowski, and Maciej T. Gajęcki. "Concentration of Zearalenone, Alpha-Zearalenol and Beta-Zearalenol in the Myocardium and the Results of Isometric Analyses of the Coronary Artery in Prepubertal Gilts." Toxins 13, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060396.
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The carry-over of zearalenone (ZEN) to the myocardium and its effects on coronary vascular reactivity in vivo have not been addressed in the literature to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis that low ZEN doses (MABEL, NOAEL and LOAEL) administered per os to prepubertal gilts for 21 days affect the accumulation of ZEN, α-ZEL and β-ZEL in the myocardium and the reactivity of the porcine coronary arteries to vasoconstrictors: acetylcholine, potassium chloride and vasodilator sodium nitroprusside. The contractile response to acetylcholine in the presence of a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, indomethacin and / or an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME was also studied. The results of this study indicate that the carry-over of ZEN and its metabolites to the myocardium is a highly individualized process that occurs even at very low mycotoxin concentrations. The concentrations of the accumulated ZEN metabolites are inversely proportional to each other due to biotransformation processes. The levels of vasoconstrictors, acetylcholine and potassium chloride, were examined in the left anterior descending branch of the porcine coronary artery after oral administration of ZEN. The LOAEL dose clearly decreased vasoconstriction in response to both potassium chloride and acetylcholine (P < 0.05 for all values) and increased vasodilation in the presence of sodium nitroprusside (P = 0.021). The NOAEL dose significantly increased vasoconstriction caused by acetylcholine (P < 0.04), whereas the MABEL dose did not cause significant changes in the vascular response. Unlike higher doses of ZEN, 5 μg/kg had no negative influence on the vascular system.
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Panahi, Siamak, Farnaz Cheraghifar, and Shima Talebian. "An Investigation on Painting and Imagery in Zen." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n9p200.
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This research considers painting and imagery in Zen as an art and its objective is to introduce the influence of Zen on visual arts. The term “Zen” is derived from Sanskrit and it means “thinking”. In China and India, Zen Buddhism is known as “Liberated Way of Life” and is strongly influenced by Taoism. It is said that Zen began with an allusion, as one day, instead of preaching, Buddha appeared with a flower in his hand when one of his followers received his speechless message. That was when Zen, with its Indian Dhyāna root meaning meditation, was born.The research method here is descriptive and analytical with emphasis on inductive approach (checking samples and providing theory).The resulted process concludes that Zen imagery includes seven principles: asymmetry, purity, stamina, naturalness, deepness, richness and quietism, however; peace or quietism is the concept taken into consideration more than other ones.
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Jakimiuk, Ewa, Justyna Radwińska, Maciej Woźny, Andrzej Pomianowski, Paweł Brzuzan, Paweł Wojtacha, Kazimierz Obremski, and Łukasz Zielonka. "The Influence of Zearalenone on Selected Hemostatic Parameters in Sexually Immature Gilts." Toxins 13, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090625.
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Vascular toxicity induced by xenobiotics is associated with dysfunctions or damage to endothelial cells, changes in vascular permeability or dysregulation of the vascular redox state. The aim of this study was to determine whether per os administration of zearalenone (ZEN) influences selected hemostatic parameters in prepubertal gilts. This study was performed on female gilts divided into a control group which received placebo and an experimental group which received ZEN at a dose of 5.0 µg·kg−1 b.w. × day−1. On days 14, 28 and 42, blood samples were collected from the animals for analyses of hematological, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters, nitric oxide, von Willebrand factor antigen content and catalase activity. The results demonstrated that the treatment of gilts with ZEN at a dose below no observable adverse effect level did not affect the primary hemostasis and the blood coagulation cascade. However, ZEN could have temporarily affected the selected indicators of endothelial cell function (increase of von Willebrand factor, decrease of nitric oxide levels) and the oxidative status plasma (decrease of catalase activity) of the exposed gilts. In summary, these results suggest that the adaptive response to ZEN-exposure can induce a transient imbalance in the vascular system by acting on vascular endothelial cells.
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Yoon, Yang-Ho. "An Influence of Zen Ideology on Contemporary Art." Journal of Korean Seon Studies 24 (December 31, 2009): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22253/jkss.2009.12.24.203.
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Cieplińska, Katarzyna, Magdalena Gajęcka, Michał Dąbrowski, Anna Rykaczewska, Sylwia Lisieska-Żołnierczyk, Maria Bulińska, Łukasz Zielonka, and Maciej T. Gajęcki. "Time-Dependent Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Gilts Exposed to Low Zearalenone Doses." Toxins 11, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11050296.
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Zearalenone is a frequent contaminant of cereals and their by-products in regions with a temperate climate. This toxic molecule is produced naturally by Fusarium fungi in crops. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of low zearalenone doses (LOAEL, NOAEL and MABEL) on the intestinal microbiome of gilts on different days of exposure (days 7, 21 and 42). Intestinal contents were sampled from the duodenal cap, the third part of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum and the descending colon. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 animals were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg /kg BW, group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2 and 3. Differences in the log values of microbial counts, mainly Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, were observed between the proximal and distal segments of the intestinal tract on different analytical dates as well as in the entire intestinal tract. Zearalenone affected the colony counts of intestinal microbiota rather than microbiome diversity, and its effect was greatest in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. Microbial colony counts were similar in groups ZEN5 and C. In the analysed mycobiome, ZEN exerted a stimulatory effect on the log values of yeast and mould counts in all intestinal segments, in particular in the colon, and the greatest increase was noted on the first analytical date.
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KASAI, Akira. "The Influence of Hakuin-zen on the Martial Arts." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 43, no. 1 (1994): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.43.180.
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Hessenberger, Sabine, K. Botzi, C. Degrassi, P. Kovalsky, C. Schwab, D. Schatzmayr, G. Schatzmayr, and J. Fink-Gremmels. "Interactions between plant-derived oestrogenic substances and the mycoestrogen zearalenone in a bioassay with MCF-7 cells." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0062.
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Abstract Human and animal diets may contain several non-steroidal oestrogenic compounds which originate either from plants (phytoestrogens) or from fungi that infect plants (mycoestrogens such as zearalenone (ZEN)). Phytoestrogens may compete with ZEN in binding to the oestrogen receptor β and thereby may counteract the oestrogenic activity of ZEN. Using a modified version of the E-screen assay, plant-derived oestrogenic substances were tested for their proliferative or anti-proliferative effect on oestrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells. The samples were additionally tested for their ability to influence the oestrogenic activity of ZEN (1 μM). Among the individual substances tested, 8-prenylnaringenin had the strongest effect, as cell proliferation was increased by 78% at the lowest concentration (0.23 μM), and by 167% at the highest concentration (29.4 μM). Coumestrol (5.83 μM) increased cell proliferation by 39%, and genistein (370 μM) by 61%, respectively. Xanthohumol and enterolactone did not stimulate cell proliferation significantly. In the co-incubation experiments with ZEN, none of the single substances was able to decrease the oestrogenic activity of ZEN. Only for 8-prenylnaringenin (14.7 and 29.4 μM) was a trend towards an increase in the ZEN-induced cell proliferation up to 72% observed. In conclusion, with the exception of 8-prenylnaringenin, no substantial interaction between phytoestrogens and the mycotoxin ZEN could be detected using a bioassays with MCF-7 cells.
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KASAI, Akira. "The Early Modern Influence of Takuan's Ken zen ichinyo Thought." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 62, no. 1 (2013): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.62.1_179.
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Zhou, C., Y. Zhang, S. Yin, Z. Jia, and A. Shan. "Biochemical changes and oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in the liver of pregnant rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 34, no. 1 (April 9, 2014): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327113504972.
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The aim of the present research was to examine the toxic influence of different doses of zearalenone (ZEN) on the liver, especially oxidative stress induced by ZEN on the liver. A total of 48 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 treatments groups with 12 animals in each. The rats were fed with a normal diet treated with 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (treatment 1), 100 mg/kg (treatment 2), or 150 mg/kg (treatment 3) ZEN in feed on gestation days (GDs) 0–7 and then all the rats were fed with a normal diet on GDs 8–20. The experimental period lasted 21 days. The results showed that exposure to ZEN induced increase in aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and decrease in total protein and albumin content in a dose-dependent manner and also induce decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increase in malondialdehyde content in a dose-dependent manner in the serum and the liver. The increased transcription of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was detected in the liver after exposure to ZEN. These results suggested that ZEN not only caused damage in the liver of pregnant rats in a dose-dependent manner but also induced the messenger RNA expression of CYP2E1 in the liver.
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Qiao, Nan, Li Jun Liu, and Yuan Yuan Lv. "Zen View of Nature in the Performance of Modern Fashion Design." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.666.
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The view of nature is an important character of Zen aesthetic. At present, the Zen view of nature and cause of design was widely used in architecture, interior, furniture, household goods and clothing designs, giving a modern design with new field and angle. Zen view of nature through the exposition, analysis of its role in modern fashion design style and influence, and the concrete embodiment of the design elements. Intended to demonstrate - not only the material culture of clothing bearing, it is "yardsticks", concerned about the soul of the "refined." Pointed out that the essence of traditional culture, to learn from the design of nutrition will have a more mellow and spiritual implication of precipitation, so the design will have a long-term vitality.
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NISHIOKA, Shuji. "The Instruction of the Zen Master Takei Tetsuo and Its Influence." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 62, no. 1 (2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.62.1_231.
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Luo, Xiaohu, Yuheng Zhai, Lijun Qi, Lihong Pan, Jing Wang, Jiali Xing, Ren Wang, et al. "Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Zearalenone- and Ochratoxin A-Contaminated Corn and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment." Foods 9, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030376.
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Electron beam irradiation (EBI) has high energy, no induced radioactivity, and strong degradation capacity toward mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, we determined EBI’s influence on the physical and chemical properties of corn contaminated with ZEN and OTA. Moreover, the toxicity of corn after EBI was assessed through a mouse experiment. Amylose content and starch crystallinity in corn decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at an irradiation dose higher than 20 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the starch particles of corn began to be crushed at 10 kGy. Essential and total amino acid contents in corn decreased significantly with increasing irradiation dose of EBI (p < 0.05). Feeding EBI-treated corn fodders to mice could significantly improve blood biochemical indexes. The EBI-treated group was not significantly different from the normal corn group and did not display histopathological changes of the liver. EBI treatment can influence the quality of corn to some extent and effectively lower the toxicity of ZEN and OTA in contaminated corn. The results provide a theoretical and practical basis for the processing of EBI-treated corn and its safety.
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Śliżewska, K., A. Nowak, M. Piotrowska, Z. Żakowska, M. Gajęcka, Ł. Zielonka, and M. Gajęcki. "Cecal enzyme activity in gilts following experimentally induced Fusarium mycotoxicosis." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2015-0024.
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AbstractThe objective of the presented study was to examine the influence ofFusariummycotoxins (zearalenone – ZEN and deoxynivalenol – DON), administered separately and in combination, on the activity of cecal enzymes (β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase) in gilts which were fed fodder contaminated with these mycotoxins. The activity of β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase varied in the range of 0.170-1.236 μmol · h−1· mg−1and 8.701-96.704 μmol · h−1· mg−1, respectively. In the first two weeks, the toxins had no significant effect on the activity of β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase in the ascending and descending colon. After week 3 and later on, ZEN and DON administered as a mixture led to the highest increase in the activity of both enzymes. Administered separately, DON affected the activity of enzymes more than ZEN. From the third week of the experiment, an increase in the activity of CW β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase was observed.
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MINOWA, Kenryo. "The Influence of the Zen School on the Kegon Monks of Todaiji:." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 62, no. 2 (2014): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.62.2_695.
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Stopa, E., I. Babińska, Ł. Zielonka, M. Gajęcki, and M. Gajęcka. "Immunohistochemical evaluation of apoptosis and proliferation in the mucous membrane of selected uterine regions in pre-pubertal bitches exposed to low doses of zearalenone." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0022.
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AbstractMycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. Those biologically active compounds occur naturally and they include zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin that contaminates plant material, including the ingredients used in the production of commercial dog food. The influence of monotonic, low-dose and long-term exposure to ZEN on pre-pubertal bitches has not been fully explored to date. This paper describes a 42-day experiment performed on clinically healthy female dogs aged approximately 70 days, with estimated body weight of 8 kg. The animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups (EI and EII) and a control group (C) of 10 animals each. Group EI received 50 μg ZEN/kg (of body weight) per os, group EII received 75 μg ZEN/kg BW per os, and the control group was administered placebo. The bitches were ovariohysterectomized at the end of the experiment (at around 112 days of age), and selected sections of the uterine wall were subjected to immunohistochemical analyses (TUNEL and PCNA). A shift towards higher apoptotic (AI) and proliferative index (PI) was observed, in particular in group EI. Higher AI and PI values were noted in the epithelium of all uterine regions analysed and in the uterine glands in the uterine horn proximal to the body of the uterus.
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Rampell, Palmer. "Laws That Refuse To Be Stated: The Post-Sectarian Spiritualities of Emerson, Thoreau, and D. T. Suzuki." New England Quarterly 84, no. 4 (December 2011): 621–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00132.
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Drawing on previously untranslated Japanese articles, this essay reveals the powerful and sustained influence New England transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau exerted on the highly renowned and yet highly unorthodox arbiter of Japanese Zen Buddhism, D. T. Suzuki.
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Stanciu, Oana, Cristina Juan, Houda Berrada, Doina Miere, Felicia Loghin, and Jordi Mañes. "Study on Trichothecene and Zearalenone Presence in Romanian Wheat Relative to Weather Conditions." Toxins 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030163.
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To evaluate the influence of weather conditions on mycotoxin presence in wheat, deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3AcDON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15AcDON), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), nivalenol (NIV), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), neosolaniol (NEO) and zearalenone (ZEN) were evaluated in 102 Romanian wheat samples coming from five wheat growing areas during 2015. Only six mycotoxins were detected, while FUS-X, DAS, NEO and NIV were not present in the wheat samples. Mycotoxin concentrations were correlated with precipitation and temperature values during anthesis and the preharvest period. Overall, the highest frequency was registered for DON, while the lowest frequency was registered for NIV. In the North Muntenia, DON and ZEN registered high frequencies (68% and 16%, respectively). This region was characterized in June and July by medium to high values of rainfall (41–100 mm/month) and normal temperatures (mean of 20.0 °C in June and 24.0 °C in July), suggesting that precipitation levels influence fungi and mycotoxin development to a greater extent compared to the influence of temperature.
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Chatraporn, Surapeepan. "Landscape and Rhetoric: The Marriage of Native American Traditions and Zen Buddhism in Selected Poems by Gary Snyder." MANUSYA 14, no. 1 (2011): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01401004.
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This paper examines certain similarities between Native American beliefs and Zen Buddhist teachings and demonstrates how Gary Snyder fuses these two traditions in his poetry. Through the analysis it has been found that the Native American wisdom of the interrelatedness of humans and nature has an affinity with the fundamental Buddhist principle of the interpenetration and interdependence of all existence or as Thich Nhat Han calls it “the inter being nature of things.” Gary Snyder has developed his love of nature concurrently with his respect for Native American traditions and his interest in Zen Buddhism. Snyder draws on the primitive oral traditions of chants, incantations and songs to communicate his experiences. Like the shaman-poet of primitive cultures and in imitation of Buddhist teachings, Snyder seeks to restore reverence for nature and reestablish a harmonious relationship with the universe. Apart from emulating certain Native American beliefs and Zen Buddhist principles, Gary Snyder makes use of Zen Buddhist poetic techniques which bear some resemblance to the oral poetic tradition of the Native Americans that precedes the influence of the white man. The precision of tersely worded images reminiscent of imagistic poetry, conciseness, concreteness, simple and ordinary language, as well as an abundant use of nature and animal imagery, which are common characteristics of both poetic traditions, find their way into the poetry of Gary Snyder.
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Osawa, Nobuhiro. "Garden of Zen Buddhism temple exerted an influence on Garden of Medieval samurai." Nippon Teien Gakkaishi 2008, no. 19 (2008): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5982/jgarden.2008.35.
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Lin, Pei-ying. "A Survey of the Japanese Influence on Buddhist Education in Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period (1895–1945)." Religions 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020061.
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This paper analyses the Japanese influence upon Taiwanese Buddhist communities during the Colonial Period. I will discuss the interplay between monasticism, education, and politics by examining the process of institutionalisation of monastics and Buddhist educational programs in Taiwan between 1895 and 1945. In accord with pertinent historical developments, this paper is divided into five sections: (1) the Sōtō Zen lineage, (2) the Rinzai Zen lineage, (3) the Pure Land (Jōdo) lineage, (4) Taiwanese monastics who studied in Japan, and (5) Taiwanese nuns. Based on the strong Japanese sectarian tradition, different sects had disparate strategies in Taiwan. The Sōtō lineage arrived first, engaged in precept ceremonies, and started up a well-run Buddhist college. The Myōshinji Sect of Rinzai took Kaiyuansi in Tainan as the main headquarters in southern Taiwan for teaching Buddhist classes as well as holding monumental precept-conferral ceremonies. As for the Pure Land lineage, they came slightly later but eventually established 37 branches across Taiwan, implementing social-educational programs actively. Finally, the nuns and monks who went abroad to study Buddhism in Japan matured and took important roles in advancing Buddhist education in Taiwan. All of these cases demonstrate a profound Japanese influence upon Taiwanese Buddhist education and monastic culture.
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Kursova, Marina, and Evgeniya Repina. "CATEGORY OF EMPTINESS IN THE WORLD ARCHITECTURE: JAPAN, WEST, RUSSIA." INNOVATIVE PROJECT 4, no. 10 (December 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/ip.2019.4.10.2.
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The article analyzes the philosophical and psychological meaning of the category of emptiness and its reflection in art and architecture. The sacred meaning of emptiness in Zen Buddhism and its influence on Japanese architecture are considered. Differences in interpretations of the concept of “emptiness” in Eastern, Western and Russian philosophy and architecture are analyzed, it is highlighted how echoes of Zen teachings and the category of emptiness contributed to the emergence of the empty canon in the avant-garde. The devaluation of “emptiness” in the aesthetics of modernity and its transformation under the conditions of postmodernism are considered. In the course of analyzing the attitude of the modern generation to the categories of emptiness and space, the preconditions for the return of the attitude to emptiness and space as sacred categories of architectural culture are revealed.
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Yoo, Baekyun. "The Influence of Zen Meditation on W. B. Yeats’s “The Double Vision of Michael Robartes”." Yeats Journal of Korea 50 (August 31, 2016): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14354/yjk.2016.50.107.
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Lo, Pei-Chen, and Shr-Da Wu. "EFFECT OF ZEN MEDITATION PRACTICE ON PERCEIVED STRESS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: A SURVEY STUDY." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 19, no. 06 (December 2007): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237207000513.
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Most physical and psychological problems in modern people have been proven to be caused by stress. This finding stimulated the demand for techniques that can effectively manipulate the stress perception. The influence of stress on college students lasts longer at the age when there is a fast development of personality and life viewpoint. This survey study thus mainly examines the effect of Zen-meditation practice on stress manipulation in college students. 541 college students were divided into two groups, with Zen-meditation practice in their daily lives and those who do not meditate. To evaluate the perceived stress of participants, DASS questionnaire was used to measure their negative emotional states (depression, anxiety and stress/tension). The results showed that (1) considerably high percentage of college students who did not practice Zen meditation exhibited negative emotional problem (depression: 45%; anxiety: 48%; stress/tension: 50%); (2) a much lower percentage of students with meditation practice encountered the negative emotional problem (depression: 8%; anxiety: 30%; stress/tension: 12%). This study reflects the benefits of meditation on stress manipulation. It may also imply that having more meditation, having longer meditation time, and doing meditation more frequently could further improve the states of negative emotion. It also implies that meditation experience played a considerable role in effectively manipulating some stress symptoms like depression and anxiety. This is demonstrated by the significantly lower scores (p < 0.001) in the group of experienced (> 0.5 year) meditators as compared with the control group.
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Wen, Yun-qi, Li-li Xu, Chang-hu Xue, and Xiao-ming Jiang. "Effect of Stored Humidity and Initial Moisture Content on the Qualities and Mycotoxin Levels of Maize Germ and Its Processing Products." Toxins 12, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090535.
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With high fat and protein content, maize germ is easily infected with fungus and mycotoxins during its storage. The qualities and safety of germ and its processing products may be affected by the storage. However, studies on the effect of storage on quality and polluted mycotoxin level of maize germ are limited. In this study, maize germ was stored with different initial moisture contents (5.03, 9.07, 11.82 and 17.97%) or at different relative humidity (75, 85 and 95%) for 30 days. The quality indices of germ (moisture content and crude fat content) and their produced germ oils (color, acid value and peroxide value) as well as the zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels of germ, oils and meals were analyzed. Results showed that maize germ with high initial moisture contents (11.82, 17.97%) or kept at high humidity (95%) became badly moldy at the end of storage. Meanwhile, the qualities of these germ and oils showed great changes. However, the ZEN and DON contents of this maize germ, oils and meals stayed at similar levels (p < 0.05). Therefore, the storage could produce influence on the qualities of germ and oils, but showed limited effect on the DON and ZEN levels of germ and their processing products. According to this study, the storage condition of germ with no more than 9% moisture content and no higher than 75% humidity was recommended. This study would be benefit for the control of germ qualities and safety during its storage.
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Bzducha-Wróbel, Anna, Marcin Bryła, Iwona Gientka, Stanisław Błażejak, and Monika Janowicz. "Candida utilis ATCC 9950 Cell Walls and β(1,3)/(1,6)-Glucan Preparations Produced Using Agro-Waste as a Mycotoxins Trap." Toxins 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11040192.
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Mycotoxins are harmful contaminants of food and feed worldwide. Feed additives with the abilities to trap mycotoxins are considered substances which regulate toxin transfer from feed to tissue, reducing its absorption in animal digestive tract. Market analysis emphasizes growing interest of feed producers in mycotoxins binders obtained from yeast biomass. The aim of the study was to prescreen cell walls (CW) and β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan (β-G) preparations isolated from Candida utilis ATCC 9950 cultivated on waste potato juice water with glycerol as adsorbents for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), T-2 toxin (T-2) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). The adsorption was studied in single concentration tests at pH 3.0 and 6.0 in the presence of 1% of the adsorbent and 500 ng/mL of individual toxin. Evaluated CW and β-G preparations had the potential to bind ZEN, OTA and AFB1 rather than DON, NIV, T-2 toxin and FB1. The highest percentage of adsorption (about 83%), adsorption capacity (approx. 41 µg/ g preparation) and distribution coefficient (458.7mL/g) was found for zearalenone when CW preparation was used under acidic conditions. Higher protein content in CW and smaller particles sizes of the formulation could influence more efficient binding of ZEN, OTA, DON and T-2 toxin at appropriate pH compared to purified β-G. Obtained results show the possibility to transform the waste potato juice water into valuable Candida utilis ATCC 9950 preparation with mycotoxins adsorption properties. Further research is important to improve the binding capacity of studied preparations by increasing the active surface of adsorption.
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Mylona, Kalliopi, Esther Garcia-Cela, Michael Sulyok, Angel Medina, and Naresh Magan. "Influence of Two Garlic-Derived Compounds, Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTS) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTSO), on Growth and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium Species In Vitro and in Stored Cereals." Toxins 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090495.
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Two garlic-derived compounds, Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTS) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTSO), were examined for their efficacy against mycotoxigenic Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. verticillioides). The objectives were to assess the inhibitory effect of these compounds on growth and mycotoxin production in vitro, and in situ in artificially inoculated wheat, oats and maize with one isolate of each respectively, at different water activity (aw) conditions when stored for up to 20 days at 25 °C. In vitro, 200 ppm of either PTS or PTSO reduced fungal growth by 50–100% and mycotoxin production by >90% depending on species, mycotoxin and aw conditions on milled wheat, oats and maize respectively. PTS was generally more effective than PTSO. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were decreased by 50% with 80 ppm PTSO. One-hundred ppm of PTS reduced DON and ZEN production in wheat stored at 0.93 aw for 20 days, although contamination was still above the legislative limits. Contrasting effects on T-2/HT-2 toxin contamination of oats was found depending on aw, with PTS stimulating production under marginal conditions (0.93 aw), but at 0.95 aw effective control was achieved with 100 ppm. Treatment of stored maize inoculated with F. verticilliodies resulted in a stimulation of total fumonsins in most treatments. The potential use of such compounds for mycotoxin control in stored commodities is discussed.
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Pietsch, Constanze. "Zearalenone (ZEN) and Its Influence on Regulation of Gene Expression in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Liver Tissue." Toxins 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2017): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9090283.
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YANG, SERENA. "John Cage and George Herbert Mead: The Unknown Influence of Van Meter Ames." Journal of the Society for American Music 11, no. 3 (August 2017): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196317000244.
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AbstractAs John Cage wrote in his bookA Year from Monday, the “current use for art [is] giving instances of society suitable for social imitation—suitable because they show ways . . . people can do things without being told or telling others what to do.” Cage's ideal anarchic music emphasizes not only renouncing compositional control, but also the process of self-discovery happening to everyone, a process that leads participants to discover their creative abilities. This paper argues that Cage's penchant for self-discovery came from his understanding of George Herbert Mead's theories of the process of individuation (the “me” and the “I”). Cage discovered Mead through readingZen and American Thought(1962) by his friend Van Meter Ames, a professor of philosophy at the University of Cincinnati, who saw the compatibility between Zen and Mead's concept of self in the capacity of the “I,” a phase of self whose unpredictable steps contribute to human innovation. Cage found the possibility of overthrowing the thought of the world through triggering a self-discovery of the “I” in everyone. He realized this idea in his happenings, such as0’00”, by requiring performers to respond to the simple descriptions without specifying sound or duration.
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Dočkalová, Hana, Pavel Horký, Ladislav Zeman, Ondřej Polák, and Jiří Skládanka. "Influence of Mycotoxins in Barley Monodiets on Growth Performance and Rats Liver Histology." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010017.
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The presence of mycotoxins in animal feed cause health disorders and can also contribute to other factors such as stress, lack of nutrition, infectious agents etc. The aim of this article was to study effect of feed ration contaminated with mycotoxins on liver histology and live weight of laboratory rats. 15 pieces of laboratory rats were divided into 3 groups (A, B, C). The rats in first group (A) fed with part of 30 % mycotoxin-contaminated barley, in second group (B were fed with 60 % and in control group (C) were fed without mycotoxin-contaminated barley. Content of deoxynivalenol (DON) was 9634 µg/kg and content of zearalenone (ZEN) was 2192 µg/kg. Barley monodietus were given rats in all groups to induce a nutritional imbalance. The aim of this study was to monitor the effect of mycotoxins and nutritional imbalances on weight gains and liver histology. The question is, “will the presence of mycotoxins in feed dose increase negative effect of a monodiets on health status?” No significant differences were found between the observed parameters. The presence of mycotoxins did not aggravate the negative effect of the monodiets on liver histology of the experimental rats.
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Bang-Sik Oh. "The Relationship of Spirituality and Theology: The Zen Influence on the Integration of Spirituality and Theology in Thomas Merton." Korea Presbyterian Journal of Theology 46, no. 4 (December 2014): 171–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15757/kpjt.2014.46.4.007.
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Canário, Tiago. "On the problem of defining manga: A study about the influence of Taoism and Zen Buddhism on manga aesthetics." ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE 1, no. 10 (September 22, 2016): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/af28220.
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Since the expansion of Japanese comic books throughout western countries, the so-called “manga style” has get attention from audiences and theorists. But how can we identify such Japaneseness? Trying to fulfill readers` interests, books have been published under the how-to-draw-manga label, usually highlighting the visual composition of characters, from clothes to facial expressions to hairstyle. From the academic perspective, particularities of page layout have been also considered since Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle`s idea of tabularity. Such structuralist perspective is also echoed by contemporary scholars such as Benoît Peeters and Thierry Groensteen. Investigations on what is called the “grammar of mangas” were also proposed by Neil Cohn or Scott McCloud (or at least based on his contributions). But what are they referring to by “manga”? Artists from all around the world translate mangas into transnational experiences. This study proposes a wider understanding of the manga narrative style and its particular aesthetic influence on readers. The study focuses on the Asian philosophies of Tao and Buddhism, identifying how their ideals are articulated to promote reader’s immersion in the narrative. The article investigates the visual representations of the Taoist idea of vacuum and the Zen idea of trivia, which characterize the visual and narrative fluidity of manga – especially those whose stories are based on everyday life.
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Grepmair, Ludwig, Ferdinand Mitterlehner, Thomas Loew, and Marius Nickel. "Promotion of mindfulness in psychotherapists in training: Preliminary study." European Psychiatry 22, no. 8 (November 2007): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.02.004.
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AbstractThis study examined whether the promotion of mindfulness in psychotherapists in training can influence the treatment results of their patients. The therapeutic course and treatment results of 196 inpatients, who were treated during a nine week period by nine psychotherapists in training, were compared: in the first phase of the study, the treatment group without (CG, historical control group, n = 55), and in the second phase the treatment group with, (MFG, n = 58) therapists who were currently practicing Zen meditation. The results of treatment were examined (according to the intent-to-treat principle) with the Session Questionnaire for General and Differential Individual Psychotherapy (STEP), the Questionnaire of Changes in Experience and Behaviour (VEV) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and showed significantly better results in the MFG.
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Zhou, Yukai. "Viewing the world with a Dharma eye: The influence of Zen Buddhism viewpoints upon artistic concepts in the late Northern Song dynasty." Frontiers of Literary Studies in China 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2009): 527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11702-009-0021-x.
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JongJin Kim. "A Study on the zen song in the East Asia by a comparative literature approach - focused on it's creation and influence at 13,4c -." Korean Language and Literature ll, no. 158 (August 2011): 183–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.17291/kolali.2011..158.003.
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Sato, Yoshinobu, and Mark E. Parry. "The influence of the Japanese tea ceremony on Japanese restaurant hospitality." Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 7 (November 9, 2015): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-09-2014-1142.
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Purpose – Recent discussions of value-in-use from the perspective of service dominant logic have focused on the customer’s determination of value and control of the value creation process. The purpose of this paper is to extend these discussions by exploring the value creation process in the Japanese tea ceremony and in the kaiseki ryori style of Japanese cuisine, which is based on the Japanese tea ceremony. Design/methodology/approach – A historical analysis is used to describe the history of the Japanese tea ceremony in Japan and its influence on Japanese culture. key principles underlying the Japanese tea ceremony and their relationship to Zen Buddhism are summarized and the ways in which these principles are reflected in the service provided by Japanese restaurants are explored. Findings – The two elite restaurants examined in this analysis have designed their service experience to reflect four principles of the tea ceremony: the expression of seasonal feelings, the use of everyday items, ritualized social interactions, and the equality of host and guest. Given these principles, we argue that the tea ceremony and restaurants based on this ceremony imply a co-creation process that is different in three important ways from the process discussed in the co-creation literature. First, the tea ceremony involves dual experiential-value-creation processes. Both the master and the customer experience value-in-use during the delivery of kaiseki cuisine, and the value-in-use each receives is critically dependent on that received by the other. Second, the degree to which value-in-use is created for both parties (the customer and the master) depends on the master’s customization of the service experience based on his knowledge of the customer and that customer’s with the tea ceremony, kaiseki ryori cuisine and Japanese culture. Research limitations/implications – We hypothesize that the dual experiential-value-creation model is potentially relevant whenever the service process contains an element of artistic creation. Potential examples include concerts, recitals, theatre performances and art exhibitions, as well as more mundane situations in which the service provider derives value-in-use from aesthetic appreciations of the service provider’s art. Originality/value – Recent discussions of value co-creation argue that the customer controls the value creation process and the determination of value. The authors argue that the tea ceremony can serve as a metaphor for value co-creation in service contexts where the customer’s value creation process depends on the creation of value-in-use by the service provider.
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McClure, G. B., and N. S. Lang. "ROLE OF SEED STORAGE RESERVES IN OSMOCONDITIONING OF SWEET CORN." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 662a—662. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.662a.
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Interconversions of seed storage reserves during osmoconditioning (controlled imbibition of water) may influence seed performance under suboptimal conditions. Sweet corn (Zen mays L. cv. Florida Staysweet) storage reserve changes were examined during osmoconditioning in relation to seed germination performance. Seeds were osmoconditioned in two experiments using distilled water (duration 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h) and polyethylene glycol 8000 solutions (0, .5, and 1.0 MPa for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Germination performance was evaluated at 10 and 25C, and seed moisture, carbohydrate, and protein concentrations were quantified at each water potential x duration combination. Germination performance was not significantly improved by any treatment at 25C. Germination percentage at 10C was increased 10% for seeds osmoconditioned for 24 h in distilled water, and time to germination was decreased 50%. For seeds osmoconditioned 12 and 48 h at .5 and 1.0 MPa, respectively, germination percentage at 10C was increased 15%. Time to germination was reduced 50% for seeds osmoconditioned at .5 and 1.0 MPa after 48 and 96 h, respectively. Starch levels increased for seeds osmoconditioned at higher water potentials, but remained the same or decreased at lower water potentials.
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Lin, Hang. "A Sinicised Religion Under Foreign Rule: Buddhism in the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)." Medieval History Journal 22, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945818806991.
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Buddhism in the Jurchen Jin (1115–234) dynasty has been regarded as a peripheral phenomenon; as such, it remains largely overlooked by traditional historiography. When placed into a broader context, however, both Buddhism under Jin rule and the dynasty itself functioned as a significant link in the long chain of Chinese cultural history. The Jin witnessed a crucial time period during which Chan (Zen) Buddhism, later the most popular Buddhist school in China, gained dominance and began its transmission of several major lines. Jin Buddhism also created a large corpus of material culture, thereby providing invaluable primary sources for the study of Buddhism in China. Based on an analysis of historical writings and archaeological evidence, this article examines the development and various characteristics of Buddhism during the Jin, its relationship with the Jurchen rulers and its influence on the Jin society as a whole. To a large extent, the Jin was at least as important to the development of Buddhism as the Southern Song (1127–276). Moreover, knowledge of Jin Buddhism is indispensable to understanding the Jin culture which, in turn, is essential to understanding the general development of the multifaceted cultural traditions in medieval China.
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Nguyen, Lien Mai Thi, and Nhu Chan Minh Dieu Nguyen. "Approaching classical Japanese Haiku poetry through the perspective of ink painting art and application to teaching foreign literature for Literature Pedagogy students at Dong Thap University." Vietnam Journal of Education 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52296/vje.2021.98.
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Exploring the culture and literature of countries around the world is increasingly important in the current trend of international exchange and integration. Therefore, foreign literature disciplines, including Japanese literature, occupies an increasingly essential position in the curriculum of Dong Thap University. However, the perception and teaching of Japanese Haiku poems have long been challenged due to language barriers as well as cultural differences. In order for enhancing the quality of teaching Haiku poetry to Literature Pedagogy majors at Dong Thap University, the article presents a new approach towards classical Haiku poetry through the perspective of ink painting art (aka painting art). With the aim of observing the beauty of Japanese literature and culture, the study analyzes the causes and some specific manifestations of the similarities between Japanese ink painting art and classical Haiku poetry in terms of artistic methods. The root cause lies in the influence of Zen, as a cultural characteristic of the Japanese spirit, and the specific manifestations include the technique of empty spaces in ink painting art, and the empty poetic strategy in classical Haiku poetry, the features of the conception scenery and the moment characteristic in both Oriental art genres.
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Nguyen, Lien Mai Thi, and Nhu Chan Minh Dieu Nguyen. "Approaching Classical Japanese Haiku Poetry through the Perspective of Ink Painting Art and Application to Teaching Foreign Literature for Literature Pedagogy Students at Dong Thap University." Vietnam Journal of Education 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52296/vje.2021.69.
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Exploring the culture and literature of countries around the world is increasingly important in the current trend of international exchange and integration. Therefore, foreign literature disciplines, including Japanese literature, occupies an increasingly essential position in the curriculum of Dong Thap University. However, the perception and teaching of Japanese Haiku poems have long been challenged due to language barriers as well as cultural differences. In order for enhancing the quality of teaching Haiku poetry to Literature Pedagogy majors at Dong Thap University, the article presents a new approach towards classical Haiku poetry through the perspective of ink painting art (aka painting art). With the aim of observing the beauty of Japanese literature and culture, the study analyzes the causes and some specific manifestations of the similarities between Japanese ink painting art and classical Haiku poetry in terms of artistic methods. The root cause lies in the influence of Zen, as a cultural characteristic of the Japanese spirit, and the specific manifestations include the technique of empty spaces in ink painting art, and the empty poetic strategy in classical Haiku poetry, the features of the conception scenery and the moment characteristic in both Oriental art genres.
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Fedosieieva, O. "THE FOLLICLEGENESIS IN THE THYROID GLAND IN THE POSTNATAL PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS UNDER PRENATAL ANTIGENIC INFLUENCE." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 3, no. 47 (May 16, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.3(47)2021.3.
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Antigenic influence at critical terms of ontogenesis can cause significant changes in the child's immune system. It is known that the entry of antigens into the fetus causes premature release of T-lymphocytes from the thymus and their migration to various organs. The paper was aimed at the study of the folliclegenesis of the thyroid gland in postnatal period at norm and after prenatal influence of staphylococcal toxoid. In the experimental research as a material were thyroid glands of Wistar rats aged 1 to 60 days of postnatal development (162 animals), about 6 animals in each group. Three animals groups were studied on 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60 days after bith. I gr. - intact animals (norm); ІІ gr. - control, animals which were injected intrauterine 0.9% NaCl solution; III - experimental animals injected with staphylococcal toxoid liquid purified adsorbed (10-14 units of binding in 1 ml, diluted 10 portions) by operation intrauterinely on the 18th day of dated pregnancy. Histological sections 3-5 μm thick were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, histochemicaly by alcian blue and azan staining. Immunohistochemical study was performed according to the protocol recommended for a particular antibody of the manufacturer. Used ki-67 (Ki-67), TTF-1 (8G7G3/1), Fox-1 (A-12) monoclonal antibodies by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. A set of morphometric studies was performed by microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star equipped with the Axiocam digital microphoto attachment with using program complex Zeiss Zen 2011. The results were considered reliable at p≤0,05. For processing of statistical material was used the standard software package Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 10.0.The results were obtained about morphogenesis of rat’s thyroid after intrauterine antigenic action of staphylococcal toxoid. Morphofunctional homeostasis and stromal-parenchymal proportional relationship to thyroid gland closely associated with the activity of immune cells, including special role of lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells. Prenatal influence of staphylococcal toxoid led to the formation of a more pronounced structure of the parenchyma and stroma, but they showed signs of functional immaturity after birth. During the sucking period, the simultaneous presence of intra-, extrafollicular, septal and intramural types of folliculogesis is determined, which is a local reaction to systemic antigenic irritation with activation of compensatory-adaptive reactive folliclegenesis. The revealed changes in the process of folliclegenesis, accompanied by venous plethora, the formation of intraorgan diffuse lymphoid tissue and nodules, desquamation of the follicular epithelium, redistribution of the follicle diameter is a reaction to the systemic antigenic effect on the body during the critical period of prenatal development and normalizes by 45 days.Keywords: morphogenesis, thyroid gland, antigen, staphylococcal toxoid, experiment.
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Vandicke, Jonas, Katrien De Visschere, Siska Croubels, Sarah De Saeger, Kris Audenaert, and Geert Haesaert. "Mycotoxins in Flanders’ Fields: Occurrence and Correlations with Fusarium Species in Whole-Plant Harvested Maize." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110571.
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Mycotoxins are well-known contaminants of several food- and feedstuffs, including silage maize for dairy cattle. Climate change and year-to-year variations in climatic conditions may cause a shift in the fungal populations infecting maize, and therefore alter the mycotoxin load. In this research, 257 maize samples were taken from fields across Flanders, Belgium, over the course of three years (2016–2018) and analyzed for 22 different mycotoxins using a multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. DNA of Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum and F. verticillioides was quantified using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Multi-mycotoxin contamination occurred frequently, with 47% of samples containing five or more mycotoxins. Nivalenol (NIV) was the most prevalent mycotoxin, being present in 99% of the samples, followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) in 86% and zearalenone (ZEN) in 50% of the samples. Fumonisins (FUMs) were found in only 2% of the samples in the wet, cold year of 2016, but in 61% in the extremely hot and dry year of 2018. Positive correlations were found between DON and NIV and between F. graminearum and F. culmorum, among others. FUM concentrations were not correlated with any other mycotoxin, nor with any Fusarium sp., except F. verticillioides. These results show that changing weather conditions can influence fungal populations and the corresponding mycotoxin contamination of maize significantly, and that multi-mycotoxin contamination increases the risk of mycotoxicosis in dairy cattle.
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Silva, N. F. da, F. N. Cunha, M. B. Teixeira, F. A. L. Soares, E. C. da Silva, R. D. Coelho, F. R. Cabral Filho, L. C. de M. Silva, and W. S. da S. Cavalcante. "Biomass Accumulation and Industrial Yield of Irrigated Sugarcane Submitted to Sources and Doses of Nitrogen Grown in Cerrado Oxisol." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 9 (June 30, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n9p167.
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The sugar and alcohol sector have invested heavily in technologies to increase the productivity of sugarcane and consequently the gross income of sugar and alcohol; among these practices irrigation and fertilization stands out. Based on the hypothesis that the source and the availability of nitrogen influence the growth, development and yield of irrigated sugarcane in the cerrado region, this study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of biomass and yield to define the best source and dose of nitrogen fertilization in irrigated sugarcane, in the cane-plant cycle, in a very clayey dystrophic Red Latosol, cerrado phase. The experiment was carried out at the Raízen Plant, located in the municipality of Jataí-GO. Brazil. The variety IACSP95-5000 was used in a randomized block experimental design, analyzed in a split-split-plot scheme, with four replicates. The factors evaluated were in the plots of four N rate (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1); In the split-plot two N sources (urea and ammonium nitrate) and as split-split-plot were represented by four evaluation periods (210, 250, 290 and 330 days after the planting-DAP). The irrigation was by sprinkling, performed by a central pivot. The highest gross sugar yield and gross alcohol yield in the average source of 131.72 kg N ha-1 had an average increase of 32.19%, compared to without N application 0 kg N ha-1.
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Fujii, Shūhei. "The History and Current State of Japanese Zen Buddhism in Europe." Journal of Religion in Japan 10, no. 2-3 (July 14, 2021): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-01002003.
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Abstract This paper will shed light upon the history and current state of Japanese Zen Buddhism in Europe. Japanese Zen has mainly been transmitted in two ways among European countries: via the group founded by Deshimaru Taisen, and through Christian Zen. Deshimaru went to Europe and taught Zen. His teaching represented Zen as a wholistic, scientific, and peaceful Eastern religion. Though his group initially expanded greatly, it split into several subgroups following Deshimaru’s death. On the other hand, Sanbō Kyōdan promoted ecumenical integration between Christianity and Zen. The longstanding interest in Zen among Christians can be seen in the contemporary “spiritual exchange of the East-West.” Concerning the current state of Zen in Europe, data show that there are more than 270 Zen centers in Europe, located in 24 countries. An analysis of the contemporary situation thus demonstrates that European Zen is mobile, has various forms, and has influenced Japanese institutions.
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Silva, N. F. da, F. N. Cunha, M. B. Teixeira, F. A. L. Soares, E. C. da Silva, R. D. Coelho, and F. R. Cabral Filho. "Development and Yield of Irrigated Sugarcane as Affected by Nitrogen Sources and Rate in Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p267.
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Sugarcane is the most promising crop among renewable biofuels producers and one of the countries that produces the most green matter per unit area, whose greater limitations to productivity are mainly related to the adequate availability of water and mineral nutrients, in particular nitrogen (N). Based on the hypothesis that the source and the availability of nitrogen influence the growth, development and yield of irrigated sugarcane in the cerrado region. The objective of this study was evaluate the biometric variables and yield of irrigated sugarcane, in the cane-plant cycle, as affected by source and nitrogen rate. The soil utilized was an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox), cerrado (savannah) phase. The experiment was carried out at Farm of the Raízen Mill, located in the municipality of Jataí, Goias State, Brazil. The variety IACSP95-5000 was used in a randomized block design, analyzed in a split-split-plot scheme, with three replicates. The treatments were four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1); two fertilizer sources (urea and ammonium nitrate). The factors evaluated were in the plots of four doses of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). In the subplot two sources of N (urea and ammonium nitrate) and as sub-subplot were represented by four evaluation periods (210, 250, 290 and 330 days after the planting-DAP). The irrigation was by sprinkling, in a central pivot. The evaluated variables were: plant height, stalk diameter, total number of leaf, leaf area, number of industrializable tillers, stalk yield, pointer yield and total recoverable sugars. The highest stalk yield, pointer yield and total recoverable sugars occurred at the average dose of 143.61 kg ha-1 of N, with an average increase of 25.87%.
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ULANOV, MERGEN S. "WOMEN IN THE HISTORY OF BUDDHIST CULTURE OF MEDIEVAL JAPAN." CASPIAN REGION: Politics, Economics, Culture 65, no. 4 (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-510x-2020-65-4-097-103.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of women in the history of Buddhist culture in medieval Japan. The article examines the formation of the first female Buddhist monastic community in Japan. It is noted that the formation of the first Buddhist monastic community here was associated with women of Korean origin. A significant role in the institutionalization of Buddhism in Japan and its transformation into the dominant ideology was played by the Japanese empresses, who were impressed by the Buddhist approach to the religious status of women. The Japanese empresses actively supported the construction of Buddhist temples, donated land and significant funds to them. While pursuing a policy of strengthening the Buddhist church, they simultaneously contributed to its centralization and the establishment of strict control over the sangha by the state. The social and confessional status of women in the history of medieval Japan was constantly changing. If, until the end of the Nara period, nuns had the same social and confessional status as monks, then in the Heian era, nuns were removed from government positions and state ceremonies, and in religious treatises the opinion that women could not find salvation until will not be reborn as men. During the Kamakura and Muromachi eras, women again began to play an active role in society, including in religious institutions. During this period, new directions of Buddhism appeared (Amidaism, Soto-Zen, the Nichiren school), in whose doctrines the attitude towards women was more respectful. In the subsequent period, there was an increase in the influence of Confucianism and a weakening of the position of Buddhism in Japanese society, which negatively affected the social status of women and the state of the female monastic community.
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Wasowicz, K., M. Gajecka, J. Calka, E. Jakimiuk, and M. Gajecki. "Influence of chronic administration of zearalenone on the processes of apoptosis in the porcine ovary." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 12 (March 28, 2012): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5661-vetmed.
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Zearalenone (ZEA), a micotoxin produced by Fusarium sp. is regarded as a phytoestrogen. Although cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of ZEA was detected, the majority of its toxic influence is related to the ability of binding to estrogen receptors and disrupting the endocrine regulation of the reproductory functions in females. It was previously found that ZEA inhibits proliferation of cells in porcine ovaries, as detected with immunostaining for proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA). The number of PCNA-positive cells was inversely proportional to the dose of ZEA. We decided to answer the question of whether ZEA induces apoptosis in porcine ovaries. Experimental gilts (before first estrus) were fed ZEA in a dosage of 20 (group II) or 40 (group III) µg/kg of body weight/day for 63 days. Control animals (group I) were fed a placebo. After that period animals were sacrificed, ovaries were extirpated, fixed in paraformaldehyde solution, cut into sections with a cryostat and studied for apoptosis with TUNEL kit, and for the presence of apoptosis-promoting protein Bax with immunohistochemistry. It was found that apoptosis was detected with TUNEL only in medium-sized antral ovarian follicles in animals of groups I and II. No apoptosis signal was found in the ovaries of animals in group III. No differences in the distribution and intensity of staining for Bax were found between animals of all investigated groups. The results indicate that ZEA do not induce apoptosis in porcine ovaries, and the inhibition of proliferation must be associated with other mechanisms.
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Jajic, Igor, Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic, and Milorad Bijelic. "Investigations of the capability of Fusarium isolates from corn for biosynthesis of fusariotoxins." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 113 (2007): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0713125j.
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The aim of this paper was to investigate the potential of zearalenone (ZEN) and type A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenole - DAS) for biosynthesis by Fusarium spp. isolated from corn kernels contaminated by mycotoxins. The samples of corn kernels (2004 and 2005 harvest) originating in different regions of Backa (Vojvodina, Serbia) were tested. Mycotoxicological investigations showed in most cases a significant contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON 200 - 2,460 ?g/kg) and ZEA (520 1,680 ?g/kg). Isolations and identifications of fusaria established only the presence of species F. verticillioides, after one month storage in freezer conditions, in fusariotoxin positive samples. The control cultures known as ZEA producers - F. graminearum GZ-LES, i.e. T-2 toxin and DAS producer - F. sporotrichioides KF-38/1/R were also tested. In vitro toxicological investigations of isolated fusaria were performed in liquid semisynthetic media (GPK or SPK), and on wet sterilized corn kernels, respectively. Under testing conditions, analyzed F. verticillioide and F. sporotrishioides isolates were not ZEA producers. Contrary to them, F. graminearum GZ-LES pure culture was very good producer of fusariotoxins; it biosynthesized max. 465,900 ?g/kg DON, and 4,416 ?g/kg ZEA, respectively. Cultivation conditions influenced a great deal of T-2 toxin production under laboratory conditions. In most cases, higher yields were obtained during the cultivation of F. verticillioides in liquid glucose medium (80-240 ?g/L). Contrary to the control strain F. sporotrichioides KF-38/1/R that under the same conditions synthesized, besides T-2 toxin (4.000 ?g/L) and DAS (240 ?g/L), isolates of F. verticillioides from corn grain did not show that ability.
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Pietsch, Constanze, Ranka Junge, and Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. "Immunomodulation by Zearalenone in Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/420702.
Full textAbstract:
The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but its effects on fish have not yet been investigated extensively. In order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carp was conducted. Three groups of fish were fed feeds contaminated with ZEN at three concentrations (low: 332 μg kg−1, medium: 621 μg kg−1, and high: 797 μg kg−1feed) for four weeks. Possible reversible effects of ZEN were evaluated by feeding additional groups with the ZEN-contaminated feeds for four weeks, followed by the uncontaminated diet for two weeks. Immune function of isolated leukocytes from head kidney and trunk kidney was assessed using the assessment of NO production, the respiratory burst assay, the chemiluminescence assay, and the measurement of arginase activities. These investigations frequently revealed increased immune responses after exposure of fish to low ZEN concentrations and reduced immune responses after exposure to high mycotoxin concentrations. Moreover, the feeding of the uncontaminated diet for further two weeks did not improve the immune responses in most cases. These results indicate that cellular immune functions in ZEN-contaminated carp are influenced which may be relevant for fish health in aquaculture.