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Journal articles on the topic 'Zenith'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Nomura, Suzy, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Paula Patrícia Cotrin da Silva, et al. "Evaluation of the attractiveness of different gingival zeniths in smile esthetics." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 23, no. 5 (2018): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.23.5.047-057.oar.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the smile attractiveness of different gingival zeniths by general dentists, orthodontists and laypersons and the esthetic perception in the symmetric and asymmetric changes in gingival zeniths. Methods: Posed photographs of five patients were taken and digitally manipulated in Keynote software, in the gingival zenith region, in increments of 0.5 to 1mm in maxillary central and lateral incisors, symmetrically and asymmetrically, in nine different ways for each patient. The photos were then uploaded to a website, where evaluators (general dentists, orthodontists a

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2

Ardelean, Andra, Roxana Buzatu, Otilia-Cornelia Bolos, Laura-Cristina Rusu, Anca Tudor, and Marius Traian Leretter. "DIGITAL AND ESTHETIC APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF GINGIVAL AND DENTAL PARAMETERS." Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 16, no. 4 (2024): 732–41. https://doi.org/10.62610/rjor.2024.4.16.71.

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Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the main dental and gingival parameters in order to quantify the differences between genders and between symmetrical elements on the two hemiarches.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 52 patients (20 men and 32 women) without periodontal pathologies, dental abrasions, and with properly aligned maxillary teeth. Intraoral scans of the dental arches were performed using the Medit i700 scanner to obtain virtual 3D models. In the Medit Design application, measurements were taken of the distance between the zenith of th

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3

Singh, Jaswant. "Zenith Armor : Advancing Security with Zero Trust Measures." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31326.

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In an era of unprecedented digital connectivity and evolving cyber threats, traditional security paradigms have proven insufficient to safeguard sensitive information. This research paper introduces "Zenith Armor," a comprehensive exploration and implementation of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) in the realm of cybersecurity. The paper delves into the core principles of ZTA, emphasizing the imperative shift from implicit trust to continuous verification in securing organizational assets. "Zenith Armor" stands as a testament to the evolving landscape of security frameworks, challenging convention

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4

, Yusuf Hidayat, Yuli Apriati, Siti Pauziah. "Penggunaan Pil Zenith (jenit) Pada Kalangan Remaja di Kelurahan Pekapuran Raya RT. 16 Kota Banjarmasin." PADARINGAN (Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Antropologi) 3, no. 1 (2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/padaringan.v3i1.3033.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menjelaskan faktor penyebab penggunaan pil zenith pada kalangan remaja (2) Menjelaskan perekrutan remaja untuk mengeketahui penggunaan pil zenith. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Sumber data dipilih secara purposive Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa : (1) Faktor penyebab penggunaan pil zenith pada kalangan remaja adalah pertama, unt

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5

James, N. "Rome's zenith commemorated." Antiquity 92, no. 362 (2018): 528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.27.

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Following four centuries of Roman expansion, the Emperor Trajan led the Empire to its greatest extent by annexing Dacia (Transylvania), north-western Arabia and Sinai and, briefly, all of Armenia and Mesopotamia. He bolstered imperial administration, reformed provincial government, clarified certain principles of justice and encouraged a system of welfare, thealimenta(Bennett 2001). Last year, 2017, was the nineteen-hundredth anniversary of Trajan's death. The occasion was marked in various ways across Europe, and the opportunity to reflect on Trajan's legacy was particularly poignant in view

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6

Gurevich, A. V., K. P. Zybin, and H. C. Carlson. "Magnetic-Zenith Effect." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 48, no. 9 (2005): 686–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11141-005-0113-7.

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7

Yang, Yao, Wanchao Ma, Zhe Wang, Kai Zhang, and Xikui Miao. "Research on Improved Method of Schlick Model Based on BRDF Measurement." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 6 (2018): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183661069.

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In simulating an infrared scene, the Schlick model uses a commonly-used bidirectional reflection distributional function(BRDF) model. Through simulation and BRDF measurement, this paper points out that the Schlick model is in better agreement with the actual output when the emerging zenith angle is smaller than the incident zenith angle. But when the emerging zenith angle is a certain angle larger than the incident zenith angle, the output of the function value may increase with the increasing emerging zenith angle and may not be in agreement with the actual output. In this paper, a new improv

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8

Nistor, S., and A. S. Buda. "Using Different Mapping Function In GPS Processing For Remote Sensing The Atmosphere." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 5, no. 2 (2015): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2015-0024.

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Abstract Due to development of GPS technology and by using the combination LC of L1 and L2 frequency the first order effect of the ionosphere tends to be canceled. Thus the main source of errors in the atmosphere which causes the delay in GPS signal is the neutral part of the atmosphere, usually referred to tropospheric delay. In general, the delay is computed at the zenith direction and it is referred to zenith tropospheric delay. The zenith tropospheric delay consist of two parts: zenith hydrostatic delay and zenith wet delay. The zenith hydrostatic delay can be very well modeled which accou

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9

Zhang, Wengang, Guirong Xu, Yuanyuan Liu, Guopao Yan, Dejun Li, and Shengbo Wang. "Uncertainties of ground-based microwave radiometer retrievals in zenith and off-zenith observations under snow conditions." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 1 (2017): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-155-2017.

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Abstract. This paper is to investigate the uncertainties of microwave radiometer (MWR) retrievals in snow conditions and also explore the discrepancies of MWR retrievals in zenith and off-zenith observations. The MWR retrievals were averaged in a ±15 min period centered at sounding times of 00:00 and 12:00 UTC and compared with radiosonde observations (RAOBs). In general, the MWR retrievals have a better correlation with RAOB profiles in off-zenith observations than in zenith observations, and the biases (MWR observations minus RAOBs) and root mean square errors (RMSEs) between MWR and RAOB ar

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10

Diego Mauricio Bravo-Calderón, María Fernanda Vera-Procel, Daniela Andrea Molina-Koppel, et al. "Gingival zenith evaluation in an Andean population from Ecuador." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 2 (2021): 095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.2.0046.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the gingival zenith of the maxillary incisors, canines and premolars in an Andean population from Ecuador. Materials and methods: A total of 51 subjects (30 men and 21 women; mean age = 21 years) with healthy gingival tissue were recruited. Digital study models were obtained from maxillary casts and the features of the gingival zeniths including its position, gingival lines and level in the lateral incisors were analyzed. Results: The gingival zenith was distally displaced in all the maxillary central and lateral incisors

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11

Diego, Mauricio Bravo-Calderón, Fernanda Vera-Procel María, Andrea Molina-Koppel Daniela, et al. "Gingival zenith evaluation in an Andean population from Ecuador." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 2 (2021): 095–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4625588.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the gingival zenith of the maxillary incisors, canines and premolars in an Andean population from Ecuador. Materials and methods: A total of 51 subjects (30 men and 21 women; mean age = 21 years) with healthy gingival tissue were recruited. Digital study models were obtained from maxillary casts and the features of the gingival zeniths including its position, gingival lines and level in the lateral incisors were analyzed. Results: The gingival zenith was distally displaced in all the maxillary central and lateral incisors

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12

Zhao, Xiaoyi, Debora Griffin, Vitali Fioletov, et al. "Retrieval of total column and surface NO<sub>2</sub> from Pandora zenith-sky measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 16 (2019): 10619–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10619-2019.

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Abstract. Pandora spectrometers can retrieve nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column densities (VCDs) via two viewing geometries: direct Sun and zenith sky. The direct-Sun NO2 VCD measurements have high quality (0.1 DU accuracy in clear-sky conditions) and do not rely on any radiative transfer model to calculate air mass factors (AMFs); however, they are not available when the Sun is obscured by clouds. To perform NO2 measurements in cloudy conditions, a simple but robust NO2 retrieval algorithm is developed for Pandora zenith-sky measurements. This algorithm derives empirical zenith-sky NO2 AM

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13

Cronin, Timothy W. "Reply to “Comments on ‘On the Choice of Average Solar Zenith Angle’’’." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 5 (2017): 1677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0335.1.

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Abstract The solar zenith angle controls local insolation and also affects the partitioning of insolation into planetary reflection, atmospheric absorption, and surface absorption. Because of this role of the solar zenith angle in modulating albedo, Cronin and others have proposed that insolation weighting should be used to determine the solar zenith angle when a single-angle calculation is used to represent a spatial or temporal average of solar fluxes. A comment by Li claims instead that daytime weighting is optimal, and that insolation weighting leads to serious errors, but this claim is ba

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14

Jordan, David P. "Paris: Zenith to Nadir." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (2018): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218761633.

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15

Zhang, Shuolin, Zhenduo Zhang, Rui Ma, Zhen Wang, and Qilong Jia. "Polarized Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Maritime Targets Through Zenith Angle Estimation from Specular and Diffuse Reflections." Applied Sciences 14, no. 22 (2024): 10579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142210579.

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Polarized 3D imaging technology reconstructs the three-dimensional (3D) surface shape of an object by analyzing the polarization characteristics of light reflected from its surface. A key challenge in polarized 3D imaging is accurately estimating the zenith angle. Specular light poses a notable challenge in estimating the zenith angle because it conveys limited information regarding the target. To enhance the accuracy and robustness of zenith angle estimation for specular light, this study proposes a novel zenith angle estimation method that utilizes both specular and diffuse reflections. Base

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16

Abdulsttar, Marwah M., A. A. Al-Rubaiee, and Abdul Halim K. Ali. "Parameterization of Cherenkov Light Lateral Distribution Function as a Function of the Zenith Angle around the Knee Region." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 66 (May 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.66.71.

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Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (CLLDF) simulation was fullfiled using CORSIKA code for configurations of Tunka EAS array for different zenith angles. The parameterization of the CLLDF was carried out as a function of the destance from tehe shower core in extensive air showers (EAS) and zenith angle on the basis of the CORSIKA simulation for primary proton around the knee region with the energy 3.1015 eV at different zenith angles. The parametrized CLLDF is verified in comparison with the simulation that performed using CORSIKA code for two zenith angles.

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17

Abdulsttar, Marwah M., A. A. Al-Rubaiee, and Abdul Halim K. Ali. "Parameterization of Cherenkov Light Lateral Distribution Function as a Function of the Zenith Angle around the Knee Region." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 66 (May 30, 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-923k73.

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Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (CLLDF) simulation was fullfiled using CORSIKA code for configurations of Tunka EAS array for different zenith angles. The parameterization of the CLLDF was carried out as a function of the destance from tehe shower core in extensive air showers (EAS) and zenith angle on the basis of the CORSIKA simulation for primary proton around the knee region with the energy 3.1015 eV at different zenith angles. The parametrized CLLDF is verified in comparison with the simulation that performed using CORSIKA code for two zenith angles.

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18

Bitar, Samer, James Davenport, Michael Karski, Joseph Ring, Robert Smith, and Timothy Clough. "CLINICAL COMPARISON OF FIXED-BEARING VERSUS MOBILE-BEARING TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTIES." Orthopaedic Proceedings 107-B, SUPP_1 (2025): 21. https://doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2025.1.021.

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AimsWe compared the clinical outcomes of a fixed bearing (Infinity) and a mobile bearing (Zenith) ankle replacement in a demographically similar group of patients, from a single, non designer centre.MethodsBetween December 2010 and May 2016, 118 consecutive mobile bearing prostheses (Zenith) and between September 2017 and November 2019, 118 consecutive fixed bearing (Infinity) prostheses were implanted in a total cohort of 230 patients. Demographic, clinical, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) data were collected. The end point of the study was failure of the implant requiring revis

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19

Leyser, Thomas B., Björn Gustavsson, Theresa Rexer, and Michael T. Rietveld. "Electron heating by HF pumping of high-latitude ionospheric F-region plasma near magnetic zenith." Annales Geophysicae 38, no. 2 (2020): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-297-2020.

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Abstract. High-frequency electromagnetic pumping of ionospheric F-region plasma at high and mid latitudes gives the strongest plasma response in magnetic zenith, antiparallel to the geomagnetic field in the Northern Hemisphere. This has been observed in optical emissions from the pumped plasma turbulence, electron temperature enhancements, filamentary magnetic field-aligned plasma density irregularities, and in self-focusing of the pump beam in magnetic zenith. We present results of EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATter association) Heating-induced magnetic-zenith effects observed with the EISCA

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20

Handoko, Eko Yuli, Akbar Kurniawan, Putra Maulida, and Norma Aji Cemara. "Precipitation Water Vapour Variation in the East Java Region from Data CORS Using GIPSY." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 936, no. 1 (2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/936/1/012001.

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Abstract The Global Navigation Satellite System is being developed as an atmospheric remote sensing system through the calculation of Zenith Total Delay. The development of the Continous Operating Reference Station encourages research investigations into Zenith Tropospheric Delay with continuous data and good spatial resolution. This research studies the characteristics of spatial and temporal variations of the Zenith Wet Delay in East Jawa. The case study in East Jawa Province uses 16 Continous Operating Reference Stations. As a comparison, meteorological data from the Badan Meteorologi, Klim

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21

Cronin, Timothy W. "On the Choice of Average Solar Zenith Angle." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 8 (2014): 2994–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0392.1.

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Abstract Idealized climate modeling studies often choose to neglect spatiotemporal variations in solar radiation, but doing so comes with an important decision about how to average solar radiation in space and time. Since both clear-sky and cloud albedo are increasing functions of the solar zenith angle, one can choose an absorption-weighted zenith angle that reproduces the spatial- or time-mean absorbed solar radiation. Calculations are performed for a pure scattering atmosphere and with a more detailed radiative transfer model and show that the absorption-weighted zenith angle is usually bet

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22

Okenwa, N., and A. Okonkwo. "Strategic Management and Performance of Zenith Bank Plc, Umuahia." Contemporary Journal of Management 5, no. 4 (2023): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10100137.

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<i>The study evaluated the relationship between strategic management and the performance of Zenith Bank plc, in Umuahia Metropolis. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between strategic human resource management and employee productivity at Zenith Bank plc, in Umuahia Metropolis; strategic customer relationship management and customer satisfaction at Zenith Bank plc, in Umuahia Metropolis. The research employed a survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 140 staff which included management, senior and graduate staff of Zenith Bank in the three branches in U

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23

Imrišek, Martin, Mária Derková, and Juraj Janák. "Estimation of GNSS tropospheric products and their meteorological exploitation in Slovakia." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 50, no. 1 (2020): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/congeo.2020.50.1.5.

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This paper discusses the in near–real time processing of Global Navigation Satellite System observations at the Department of Theoretical Geodesy at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. Hourly observations from Central Europe are processed with 30 minutes delay to provide tropospheric products. The time series and maps of tropospheric products over Slovakia are published online. Zenith total delay is the most important tropospheric parameter. Its comparison with zenith total delays from IGS and E–GVAP solutions and the validation of estimated zenith total delay error over year 20

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24

Sommer, S., G. Stober, J. L. Chau, and R. Latteck. "Geometric considerations of polar mesospheric summer echoes in tilted beams using coherent radar imaging." Advances in Radio Science 12 (November 10, 2014): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-12-197-2014.

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Abstract. We present observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) using the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System in Northern Norway (69.30° N, 16.04° E). The radar is able to resolve PMSE at high spatial and temporal resolution and to perform pulse-to-pulse beam steering. In this experiment, 81 oblique beam directions were used with off-zenith angles up to 25°. For each beam pointing direction and range gate, coherent radar imaging was applied to determine the mean backscatter location. The location of the mean scatterer in the beam volume was calculated by the deviation from the no

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Inada, Tomohiro, Daniel Kerszberg, Moritz Hütten, Masahiro Teshima, Javier Rico, and Daniele Ninci. "Search for gamma-ray line emission from Dark Matter annihilation in the Galactic Centre with the MAGIC telescopes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (2021): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012063.

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Abstract We present a search for dark matter spectral lines in the Galactic Centre (GC) region with the MAGIC telescopes. The MAGIC telescopes, located on the Canary island of La Palma (Spain), are sensitive to photons in the energy range from 50 GeV to 50 TeV with low zenith angle observations. MAGIC has performed indirect dark matter searches with various astrophysical targets. Since the MAGIC telescopes are located in the northern hemisphere, the GC is visible only at high zenith angles. Observations at high zenith angles significantly increase the telescopes’ effective collection area, whi

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Lobzin, V. V., and A. V. Pavlov. "Solar zenith angle dependencies of F1-layer, <i>Nm</i>F2 negative disturbance, and G-condition occurrence probabilities." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 11 (2002): 1821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1821-2002.

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Abstract. Experimental data acquired by the Ionospheric Digital Database of the National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado, from 1957 to 1990, are used to study the dependence of the G condition, F1-layer, and NmF2 negative disturbance occurrence probabilities on the solar zenith angle during summer, winter, spring, and autumn months in latitude range 1 (between - 10° and + 10° of the geomagnetic latitude, 8), in latitude range 2 (10° < |F| < 30°), in latitude range 3 (30° < |j| < 45°, 30° < |F| < 45°), in latitude range 4 (45° < |j| < 60°, 45° < |F| < 60

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27

JOHN, AKPAN GABRIEL. "MONETARY POLICIES AND THE PERFORMANCE OF ZENITH BANK BRANCHES IN UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA." Global Journal of Finance, Business and Public Administration 1, no. 1 (2024): 66–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932831.

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<strong>Abstract</strong>This study is an attempt to systematically assess the strength of the correlation betweenmonetary policies and the development of the banking sector in Nigeria. The study, byextension, examines the strength of the correlation between Open Market Operations(OMO) and the development of Zenith Bank Plc, Uyo branches, Akwa Ibom State. Thestudy employed monetary theory as its theoretical framework. Both qualitative andquantitative methodologies were used in the collection and analysis of data. A simplerandom sampling technique was employed to select three out of the four Ze

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Bektas, Pakel, Yıldırm, Uyar, Yıldırım, and Karaahmetoğlu. "SPACE RESECTION WITH ZENITH ANGLES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 2 (2018): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1579.

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The problem of determining the position continues to be the most important problem of geodesy. With the development of measuring instruments and techniques, the widespread use of electronic distance meters, the precise and rapid computation possibilities provided by artificial ground satellites and computers, the segmented approach in the positioning problem (separate calculation of horizontal and vertical coordinates) has left the place as an integrated approach, dimensional coordinates have begun to be calculated together. It is possible to determine the 3D coordinates of the station point w

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29

JOHNSON, KARL. "The View from the Zenith." Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics 17, no. 3 (2010): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arn.2010.0053.

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30

Mullins, Martin, and Finbarr Murphy. "CDOs – The Zenith of Monetarisation." Philosophy of Management 11, no. 1 (2012): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pom201211110.

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31

Kelly, James D., Gregory V. Varner, Karen A. Cichy, and Evan M. Wright. "Registration of ‘Zenith’ Black Bean." Journal of Plant Registrations 9, no. 1 (2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2014.05.0035crc.

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32

Mimura, Janis. "Imperial Japan at its Zenith." Social History 37, no. 1 (2012): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2011.651605.

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33

Ron, C., V. Štefka, and J. Vondrák. "The new CCD Zenith Tube." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (2007): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308018826.

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AbstractThe reconstruction of the Photographic Zenith Tube (PZT) at Ondřejov has been finished recently. The main improvement of the instrument consists in the replacement of the photographic plate with the CCD chip, and a completely new electronic control system. In addition to the astrometric use of the observations we intend to derive the variations of the local vertical and compare them with gravimetric observations of the nearby station Pecný.

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Ogrizović, Vukan, Siniša Delčev, and Jelena Gučević. "Calibration procedure for zenith plummets." Geonauka 01, no. 02 (2013): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14438/gn.2013.13.

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35

Grujić, R., G. Teleki, and B. Jovanović. "Declination variations for zenith stars." Astrophysics and Space Science 177, no. 1-2 (1991): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00643709.

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36

Bektas, S., E. Pakel, R. Yıldırm, A. Uyar, Ü. K. Yıldırım, and N. Karaahmetoğlu. "SPACE RESECTION WITH ZENITH ANGLES." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 6, no. 2 (2018): 331–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1194758.

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The problem of determining the position continues to be the most important problem of geodesy. With the development of measuring instruments and techniques, the widespread use of electronic distance meters, the precise and rapid computation possibilities provided by artificial ground satellites and computers, the segmented approach in the positioning problem (separate calculation of horizontal and vertical coordinates) has left the place as an integrated approach, dimensional coordinates have begun to be calculated together. It is possible to determine the 3D coordinates of the station point w

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37

Abreu, Marcos Pimenta de. "Downward surface flux computations in a vertically inhomogeneous grey planetary atmosphere." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 23, no. 1 (2008): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-77862008000100004.

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We describe an efficient computational scheme for downward surface flux computations in a vertically inhomogeneous grey planetary atmosphere for different values of solar zenith angle. We start with the basic equations of a recently developed discrete ordinates spectral nodal method, and we derive suitable bidirectional functions whose diffuse components do not depend on the solar zenith angle. We then make use of these bidirectional functions to construct an efficient scheme for computing the downward surface fluxes in a given model atmosphere for a number of solar zenith angles. We illustrat

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Minnett, Peter J. "The Influence of Solar Zenith Angle and Cloud Type on Cloud Radiative Forcing at the Surface in the Arctic." Journal of Climate 12, no. 1 (1999): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-12.1.147.

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Abstract Measurements of the long- and shortwave incident radiation taken from the USCGC Polar Sea during a research cruise to the Northeast Water Polynya during the summer of 1993 are analyzed together with observations of cloud type and amount to determine the effects of summertime Arctic clouds on the surface radiation budget. It is found that the solar zenith angle is critical in determining whether clouds heat or cool the surface. For large solar zenith angles (&gt;∼80°) the infrared heating effect of clouds is greater than the reduction in insolation caused by clouds, and the surface

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Mateus, Pedro, João Catalão, Virgílio B. Mendes, and Giovanni Nico. "An ERA5-Based Hourly Global Pressure and Temperature (HGPT) Model." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (2020): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071098.

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The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology contribution to the comprehension of the Earth’s atmosphere’s global and regional variations is essential. In GNSS processing, the zenith wet delay is obtained using the difference between the zenith total delay and the zenith hydrostatic delay. The zenith wet delay can also be converted into precipitable water vapor by knowing the atmospheric weighted mean temperature profiles. Improving the accuracy of the zenith hydrostatic delay and the weighted mean temperature, normally obtained using modeled surface meteorological parameters at c

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Alieva, A. J., M. G. Ashrafov, Yu G. Danilov, and A. A. Melnikova. "Remote measurement of soil albedo along aircraft flight paths." Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series "Earth Sciences", no. 3 (September 25, 2024): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2587-8751-2024-3-29-37.

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The redistribution of solar radiation in the geographical envelope plays an important climate-forming role. The radiation reflected by the Earth's surface (albedo) is a component of the Earth's radiation balance. The albedo of the Earth's surface depends primarily on the angle of incidence of sunlight, the color of the underlying surface, and its roughness relative to the incident rays. It also depends on the degree of specularity, so the water surface reflects the rays falling on it almost mirror-like, almost regardless of the presence of ripples or waves on it. The article examines the depen

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Acquah, Joseph, Yusif Arthur, and Damianus Kofi Owusu. "Analysis of the Relationship between Credit Risk and Bank Performance of Some Commercial Banks in Ghana." International Journal of Business and Management Research 8, no. 2 (2020): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.080202.

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This study analysed the relationship between credit risk and bank financial performance of selected commercial banks in Ghana for the period 2010 - 2014, using the banks respective financial statements. The study employed the quantitative research approach. The sample was Ghana Commercial Bank Limited, Zenith Bank Limited, UT Bank and Ecobank Plc. These four banks were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The data were primarily secondary and quantitative in nature. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. When the banks were compared, Ghana Co

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Maddux, B. C., S. A. Ackerman, and S. Platnick. "Viewing Geometry Dependencies in MODIS Cloud Products." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 9 (2010): 1519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1432.1.

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Abstract Characterizing the earth’s global cloud field is important for the proper assessment of the global radiation budget and hydrologic cycle. This characterization can only be achieved with satellite measurements. For complete daily coverage across the globe, polar-orbiting satellites must take observations over a wide range of sensor zenith angles. This paper uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level-3 data to determine the effect that sensor zenith angle has on global cloud properties including the cloud fraction, cloud-top pressure, effective radii, and optical t

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Robinson, Darren K., David W. Monks, and Jonathan R. Schultheis. "Effect of Nicosulfuron Applied Postemergence and Post-Directed on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance." Weed Technology 8, no. 3 (1994): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039816.

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In 1991 and 1993, tolerance of ‘Zenith’ and ‘Merit’ sweet corn to 35 g ai/ha nicosulfuron post-directed (PDIR) 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm up the corn stalk or applied POST was determined. In 1991, nicosulfuron applied POST to Zenith caused approximately 30% visible injury, 30% height reduction, and 50% reduction of U.S. No. 1 marketable ear weight. In 1991 no visible injury was observed in the PDIR treatments. Zenith was not injured by any treatment in 1993. Both years, Merit was killed by nicosulfuron applied POST. In 1991 and 1993, nicosulfuron PDIR 0 and 5 cm up the corn stalk of Merit caused appr

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Guoding, Li, R. Nan, and B. Peng. "Extending the Observable Zenith Angle of FAST Using an Offset Feed." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 182 (2001): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110000107x.

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AbstractThe five hundred meter aperture spherical radio telescope is will use an active spherical reflector. When the zenith scan angle is changed, the illuminated part of the reflecting surface is made to fit a paraboloid of revolution in real time by active control. The maximum zenith scan angle | ψmax | of FAST is 30° under conditions of the geometry selected in order that the feed does not illuminate the ground. The result of this paper shows that the maximum zenith scan angle | ψmax | can be extended to 69° by offsetting the feed.

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Krasuski, Kamil. "CHARAKTERYSTYKA SYSTEMU WSPOMAGANIA POZYCJONOWANIA QZSS-ZENITH." Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 6, no. 4 (2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5191.

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W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę japońskiego systemu nawigacyjnego QZSS-Zenith do wspomagania pozycjonowania satelitarnego. Scharakteryzowano poszczególne segmenty systemu QZSS-Zenith oraz opisano również skalę czasu i układ odniesienia w systemie QZSS. W części badawczej artykułu przedstawiono rezultaty pozycjonowania satelitarnego z użyciem obserwacji GPS i QZSS.

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Šprajc, Ivan. "Zenith and Nadir Passages of the Sun in Mesoamerica." Journal of Skyscape Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2018): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jsa.36092.

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Among the astronomical phenomena occurring only in certain parts of the globe, the Sun's zenith and nadir passages stand out prominently, exemplifying the extent to which geographic latitude determines the significance attributed to particular celestial events and influences their role in cosmological concepts. The Sun reaches the zenith and the nadir (or anti-zenith) exclusively in tropical latitudes. On the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, these events coincide with the solstices, whereas in the intermediate belt each of the two phenomena occurs twice a year on dates that vary as a function

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Roscoe, H. K., M. Van Roozendael, C. Fayt, et al. "Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 4 (2010): 3383–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3383-2010.

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Abstract. In June 2009, 22 spectrometers from 14 institutes measured tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from the ground for more than 11 days during the Cabauw Intercomparison campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI), at Cabauw, NL (51.97° N, 4.93° E). All visible instruments used a common wavelength range and set of cross sections for the spectral analysis. Most of the instruments were of the multi-axis design with analysis by differential spectroscopy software (MAX-DOAS), whose non-zenith slant columns were compared by examining slopes of their least-squares straight line f

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Roscoe, H. K., M. Van Roozendael, C. Fayt, et al. "Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3, no. 6 (2010): 1629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1629-2010.

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Abstract. In June 2009, 22 spectrometers from 14 institutes measured tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from the ground for more than 11 days during the Cabauw Intercomparison Campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI), at Cabauw, NL (51.97° N, 4.93° E). All visible instruments used a common wavelength range and set of cross sections for the spectral analysis. Most of the instruments were of the multi-axis design with analysis by differential spectroscopy software (MAX-DOAS), whose non-zenith slant columns were compared by examining slopes of their least-squares straight line f

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Lange, Anna, Alexei Rozanov, and Christian von Savigny. "Revisiting the question “Why is the sky blue?”." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 23 (2023): 14829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14829-2023.

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Abstract. The common answer to the question “Why is the sky blue?” is usually Rayleigh scattering. In 1953 Edward Hulburt demonstrated that Rayleigh scattering accounts for 1/3 and ozone absorption for 2/3 of the blue colour of the zenith sky at sunset. In this study, an approach to quantify the contribution of ozone to the blue colour of the sky for different viewing geometries is implemented using the radiative transfer model SCIATRAN and the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) XYZ 1931 colour system. The influence of ozone on the blue colour of the sky is calculated for solar zen

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Aja, David Okpabi, Hemba Angela Ngohile, Umoru Inalegwu Michael, Tanko Anthony Lawal, and Simon Papka. "Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employees Productivity in Zenith Bank Abuja Nigeria." International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science XII, no. X (2023): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2023.121014.

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This study examined how a performance auditor affected employee productivity at Zenith Bank in Abuja, Nigeria. The target population of the study was the eighty-eight (88) employees of Zenith Bank in Abuja. The research used a census survey. The study used first-hand information. The main data collection instrument was a questionnaire. Regression and correlation analyses were used to analyze the data, and the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS 21) were used to evaluate the developed hypotheses. Tables and simple percentages were used to present the raw data extracted from the prima

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