Journal articles on the topic 'Zhong gong zhong yang'

This paper reviews the research on the taxonomy, biology and control of mites in the family Tarsonemidae in China, with an updated checklist of 105 species belonging to 16 genera and 3 subfamilies. Major contributions to the Chinese fauna of the Tarsonemidae were made by Yang Qing-Shuan, Ding Ting-Zhong and colleagues in Shanhgai, Lin Jian-Zhen and his colleagues in Fujian, Tseng Yi-Hsiung and Ho Chyi-Chen in Taiwan, and Yin Sui-Gong and his students in Liaoning. There have been relatively few studies on the biology and control of the Tarsonemidae in China and these are briefly reviewed.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comment on Peter Ping Li’s understanding of Zhong-Yong balancing, presented in his article titled “Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the East: How to apply Yin-Yang balancing to paradox management.” Seeing his understanding of Zhong-Yong balancing being incorrect and incomplete, the author proposes an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong as dynamic balancing between Yin-Yang opposites. Design/methodology/approach The author first explain why Peter P. Li’s “asymmetry” and “superiority” arguments are flawed by referring to the original text of the classical book of Zhong-Yong (中庸) and a comparison between Zhong-Yong and Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean. The author then propose an alternative approach to Zhong-Yong balancing that is embedded in the original text Zhong-Yong but somehow has been neglected by many Chinese scholars. The author concludes the commentary by unifying the two alternative approaches to Zhong-Yong balancing under the inclusion-selection-promotion-transition (ISPT) framework of Zhong-Yong balancing. Findings There are three main findings. First, as the original text of Zhong-Yong does not prescribe asymmetry, Peter P. Li’s notion of “Yin-Yang balancing” is ironically unbalanced or anti-Zhong-Yong due to his emphasis on asymmetry to the exclusion of symmetry. Second, due to the equivalency between Zhong-Yong and Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean, Peter P. Li’s assertion that “Yin-Yang balancing” is superior as a solution to paradox management is flawed. Third, his “Yin-Yang balancing” solution is only (the less sophisticated) one of two alternative approaches to Zhong-Yong balancing, i.e., ratio-based combination of Yin-Yang opposites. What Peter P. Li and many other Chinese have neglected is another approach to Zhong-Yong that is embedded in the original text of Zhong-Yong, which I call “analysis plus synthesis.” Research limitations/implications As it is a commentary there are no specific limitations except for what can be covered in the space available. Practical implications The “analysis plus synthesis” approach to Zhong-Yong can be adopted by practitioners who are demanded to balance between opposite forces in daily life and work. Social implications The rejection of the “Yin-Yang balancing being superior” assertion facilitates reduction of friction and non-cooperation between intellectual traditions. Originality/value This commentary contributes to the “West meets East” discourse by debunking Peter P. Li’s assertion that Yin-Yang balancing is superior as a solution to paradox management and his prescription that balancing between Yin-Yang opposites must be asymmetric. It also contributes to the Chinese indigenous management research by identifying a largely neglected approach to Zhong-Yong balancing (i.e. “analysis plus synthesis”) that is alternative to the commonly understood ratio-based combination approach (e.g. “Yin-Yang balancing”). In addition, it contributes to the management literature by proposing the ISPT framework of Zhong-Yong balancing.

Four new species and 2 new records of the genus Polyplectropus Ulmer from China are described and illustrated. The new species include Polyplectropus cubitalis Zhong and Yang sp. nov., from Guizhou, Polyplectropus subteres Zhong and Yang sp. nov., from Jiangxi and Zhejiang, Polyplectropus tridentatus Zhong and Morse sp. nov., from Guangxi, and Polyplectropus tianmushanensis Zhong and Yang, sp. nov., from Zhejiang. Two species, Polyplectropus ahas Malicky and Chantaramongkol, 1993, and Polyplectropus anakgugur Malicky, 1995, are newly recorded from China, bringing the number of Chinese Polyplectropus species to 28. The newly recognized Polyplectropus anakgugur Group is probably monophyletic, as evidenced by ventromesal lobes of the inferior appendages short, positioned only at the bases of the inferior appendages.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong that is different from the notion of “Yin-Yang balancing” and apply it to understand the issue of balancing the top-down and bottom-up processes in strategy making. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt a “West meets East” mindset and approach to develop an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong, and then apply this perspective to understand the issue of balancing the top-down and bottom-up processes in strategy making. There are three steps in the process of developing the alternative perspective. First, the authors argue that the essence of “Yin-Yang balancing” is a ratio-based solution to paradoxical balancing, which is in fact equivalent to Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean and compatible with some western management scholars’ approaches to solving paradox. Second, the authors identify a different generic solution to paradoxical balancing implicit in the western management literature. Third, the authors find in the original text of Zhong-Yong equivalent ideas to the identified different generic solution and then propose an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong that is fundamentally different from the notion of “Yin-Yang balancing.” Findings Applied to the issue of balancing the top-down and bottom-up processes in strategy making, the new perspective on Zhong-Yong provides us with the following prescriptive insights from the life-wisdom of eastern philosophy: first, top management (e.g. Shun as the sage-king) must listen to various views and opinions also from employees and low-level managers at the bottom of the organization to be better informed about complex issues. Second, top management must analyze the diverse elements of the various views and opinions they collect and synthesize by taking the good from the bad to find smarter solutions and make decisions with better outcomes. Third, abiding by a set of (more or less) cohesive values help top managers be open and receptive to information and insights from low-level organizational members and enhancing unbiased information. Research limitations/implications This paper is mainly a theoretical perspective. Empirical work is needed to test the prescriptions offered in this paper. Practical implications Practitioners may learn new perspectives from ancient Chinese philosophies on how to balance. Originality/value This paper applies a new perspective on Zhong-Yong to an important paradox in strategic management.

Bendungan Salomekko terletak di Dukuh Salomekko Desa Ulu Balang, Kecamatan Salomekko, Kabupaten Bone, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang memiliki fungsi utama untuk menyediakan air bagi kebutuhan irigasi pertanian seluas 1722 Ha. Bendungan Salomekko disamping memiliki manfaat juga menyimpan potensi bahaya, yaitu apabila bendungan runtuh. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan analisa keruntuhan bendungan Bendungan Salomekko yang diasumsikan akibat overtopping dan pipping menggunakan aplikasi Zhong Xing HY21. Bedasarkan hasil simulasi melalui aplikasi Zhong Xing HY21, keruntuhan akibat overtopping merupakan peyebab keruntuhan Bendungan Salomekko yang menimbulkan dampak paling besar dengan debit banjir rancangan PMF sebesar 753,862 m³/det dan luas genangan 15,694 km2 dengan tinggi genangan maksimum 7,759 m. Keruntuhan Bendungan Salomekko mengakibatkan 11 desa terdampak pada bagian hilir bendungan dengan jumlah penduduk terkena resiko 2565 jiwa.

Although the nomenclature of the longipterygid bird Camptodontus yangi Li, Gong, Zhang, Yang, and Hou, 2010 may have been clouded by the finding that its generic name was preoccupied by Camptodontus Dejean, 1826 in the carabid beetles, necessitating its replacement by Camptodontornis Demirjian, 2019, the taxonomic status of this species has become even more debatable.

Camptodontus yangi Li, Gong, Zhang, Yang, and Hou, 2010 was erected for a complete enantiornithine bird skeleton from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning, northeastern China (Li et al. 2010). However, the genus name Camptodontus is a junior homonym of the beetle genus Camptodontus Dejean, 1826. Under Article 23.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) Dejean’s 1826 name has priority.

Reformasi Empat Mei 1919 membuat wacana kesetaraan gender dan nilai-nilai Barat menjadi sangat populer dalam dunia sastra Cina. Sebagai salah tokoh utama dalam sastra Cina modern, Lu Xun aktif menyuarakan pandangannya tentang pemikiran Barat dan perempuan baru dalam berbagai tulisannya. Ia secara paradoks merespons isu perempuan baru dan modernisasi yang kemudian memunculkan pertanyaan bagaimana sebenarnya ideologi Lu Xun tentang perempuan dan bagaimana Lu Xun menyikapi kontestasi wacana tradisional dan modern pada periode Empat Mei. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ideologinya tentang perempuan Cina baru dan modernisme dengan menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough, terutama dalam teks dan intertekstual. Perspektif tersebut dianalisis dari praktik tekstual dan praktik diskursif yang tampak pada cerpen “Persembahan Tahun Baru”, “Keluarga Bahagia”, “Menyesali Masa Lalu”, “Sabun”, dan sebuah esai “Nuola Zou Hou Zenmeyang”. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Lu Xun bernegosiasi dengan nilai-nilai Barat dan nilai-nilai tradisional. Ia mentransformasi nilai-nilai Barat dan tradisionalisme Cina menjadi ideologi yang lebih sesuai dengan budaya Cina. Dengan menggunakan prinsip “Zhong Yong” (Jalan Tengah) dari Konfusianisme, ia membuat transformasi ini. Bagi Lu Xun, “jalan tengah” merupakan solusi untuk mengharmonisasi masyarakat dan mencapai emansipasi wanita.

Visualizing the discourse in Material Thinking: Conversations between China and South Africa, Chen Qingqing, Feng Jiali, Gu Lin, Liu Liguo, Qi Zhilong, Qing Taimao, Wang Xiaojin and Zhong Biao (China); William Kentridge, Diane Victor, Colbert Mashile, Kristin NG-Yang and Rory Klopper (South Africa), curated by Zhang SiyongDurban Art Gallery, South Africa, 12 September‐10 November 2019

Bendungan adalah suatu struktur dibangun di sungai untuk menahan air. Waduk yang diciptakan oleh bendungan tidak hanya menekan banjir tapi juga menyediakan air untuk kegiatan seperti irigasi, pembangkit tenaga listrik, dan pengendali banjir. Namun di samping manfaatnya yang besar, pembangunan bendungan juga berpotensi membahayakan keselamatan masyarakat, yakni berupa keruntuhan bendungan. Penyebab utama dari keruntuhan bendungan adalah overtopping dan pipping. Sehingga diperlukan analisis terkait keruntuhan bendungan untuk meminimalisir dampak yang ditimbulkan. Berdasarkan software Zhong Xing HY21, dampak keruntuhan Bendungan Gembong yang paling parah disebabkan karena overtopping dengan menggunakan QInflow banjir desain PMF sebesar 780,967 m3 /det dan menghasilkan luas genangan 54,682 km2 dengan tinggi genangan maksimum 5,129 m. Akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Gembong, 37 desa di hilir Bendungan Gembong terkena banjir. Terdadpat 80.819 jiwa penduduk terkena risiko tersebut dan dinyatakan bahwa seluruh desa terdampak berada pada tingkat klasifikasi bahaya ke-4 atau bahaya sangat tinggi.

AbstrakPenelitian untuk mengetahui efek terapi akupunktur dan herbal pada pengobatan tradisional komplementer dalam menurunkan kelebihan berat badan (overweight) telah dilakukan. Pada studi ini, pasien mengalami sindrom stagnasi Qi dan stasis darah. Pasien mendapatkan terapi akupunktur pada titik tianshu (ST 25), zusanli (ST 36), dan zhong (CV 17), dan taichong (LV 3) dengan menggunakan elektrostimulator yang berfungsi untuk mengaktivasi sirkulasi Qi dan darah serta menghilangkan stasis darah. Terapi herbal akar manis (Glycyrrhiza glabra) mengandung flavonoid yaitu glabridin berfungsi menurunkan berat badan. Terapi akupunktur diberikan sebanyak 12 kali terapi dengan jangka waktu 1 minggu 3 kali setiap terapi serta terapi herbal diberikan setiap hari selama 28 hari, diminum 2 kali sehari. Hasil studi kasus pasien mengalami penurunan berat badan sebesar 8,5% dari 68,4 kg menjadi 62,6 kg yang disertai dengan penurunan indeks IMT dan lingkar pinggang. Hasil pengamatan ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan masukan dan memperkuat konsep pengobatan tradisional tentang akupunktur pada titik tianshu (ST 25), zusanli (ST 36), dan zhong (CV 17), dan taichong (LV 3) serta terapi herbal akar manis (Glyzhirriza glabra), pada kasus overweight. Juga bermanfaat untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut khususnya mengenai efektifitas terapi akupunktur dan herbal dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan masalah kesehatan ini. Kata kunci—Overweight, Akupunktur, terapi herbal, akar manis, Glyzhirriza glabra

In this work, a diffusive Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with additive Allee effect on prey under a homogeneous Neumann boundary condition is reconsidered. We establish new sufficient conditions for the global stability of the unique positive equilibrium point of the system by using the comparison method rather than the Lyapunov function method. It is shown that our result supplements and complements one of the main results of Yang and Zhong, 2015. Furthermore, numerical simulations are performed to consolidate the analytic finding.

The homogeneous distribution of nano-metallic structures on the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) substrates plays an important factor for high-sensitive Raman scattering measurement. In this paper, we present a low-cost laser-assisted photochemical method for making a SERS probe based on silver nanostructures, which are one-timely synthesized nano-silver structures, homogeneously deposited on silica microsphere surfaces. Achieved SERS-activity substrates with a homogeneous distribution of Ag-nanostructures are verified by a mapping technique on the surface of Ag-coated microsphere for the detection of low concentration of Rhodamine 6G in aqueous solutions in a range of 10-4-10-9M. The obtained results show that a SERS microsphere probe has a good repetition of SERS-activity in any space of sensing area, and large potential for application in a biochemical sensing technique. Full Text: PDF ReferencesY. Chen et al., "Interfacial reactions in lithium batteries", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50, 02510 (2017). CrossRef T.B. Pham, H. Bui, H.T. Le, V.H. Pham, "Characteristics of the Fiber Laser Sensor System Based on Etched-Bragg Grating Sensing Probe for Determination of the Low Nitrate Concentration in Water", Sensors 17, 0007 (2017). CrossRef X. Wang, O.S. Wolfbeis, "Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013–2015)", Anal. Chem. 88, 203 (2016). CrossRef R. Wang, K. Kim, N. Choi, X. Wang, J. Lee, J.H. Joen, G. Rhie, J. Choo, "Highly sensitive detection of high-risk bacterial pathogens using SERS-based lateral flow assay strips", Sens. Actuators B-Chem. 270, 72 (2018). CrossRef H. Zhang et al., "Determination of Pesticides by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Gold-Nanoparticle-Modified Polymethacrylate", Anal. Let. 49, 2268 (2016). CrossRef L. Chen, H. Yan, X. Xue, D. Jiang, Y. Cai, D. Liang, Y.M. Jung, X.X. Han, B. Zhao, "Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Gold Nanoparticles Decorated on a Porous Polymer Filter", Appl. Spectrosc. 71, 1543 (2017). CrossRef A. Matikainen, T. Nuutinen, P. Vahimaa, S. Honkanen, "A solution to the fabrication and tarnishing problems of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) fiber probes", Sci. Rep. 5, 8320 (2015). CrossRef J. Zhang, S. Chen, T. Gong, X. Zhang, Y. Zhu, "Tapered Fiber Probe Modified by Ag Nanoparticles for SERS Detection", Plasm. 11, 743 (2016). CrossRef W. Xu et al., "A Dual-Butterfly Structure Gyroscope", Sensors 17, 467 (2017). CrossRef K. Setoura, S. Ito, M. Yamada, H. Yamauchi, H. Miyasaka, "Fabrication of silver nanoparticles from silver salt aqueous solution at water-glass interface by visible CW laser irradiation without reducing reagents", J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem. 344, 168 (2017). CrossRef K. Liu, Y. Bai, L. Zhang, Z. Yang, Q. Fan, H. Zheng, Y. Yin, C. Gao, "Porous Au–Ag Nanospheres with High-Density and Highly Accessible Hotspots for SERS Analysis", Nano Lett. 16, 3675 (2016). CrossRef Z. Huang, X. Lei, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wang, Q. Mao, G. Meng, "Tapered Optical Fiber Probe Assembled with Plasmonic Nanostructures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Application", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 17247 (2015). CrossRef

AbstractIncreasing prosocial behavior can help solve social problems that occur in the community. Cultivation of prosocial behavior can be done at school through character learning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of character learning to improve prosocial behavior in working together, helping and respecting the rights and welfare of others in high school adolescents. The experimental research design used in this study was one group pretest-posttest. Research participants numbered 21 class XI Xin Zhong Surabaya High School students who were selected based on purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument used a prosocial scale compiled by researchers with a reliability coefficient of ? = 0.898. The results of the analysis using Wilcoxon show that character learning is effective for improving the prosocial behavior of high school adolescents. It is recommended that teachers use the character learning module to improve the prosocial behavior of high school adolescents.Keywords: Character learning; Learning effectiveness; Prosocial behavior AbstrakPeningkatan perilaku prososial dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Penanaman perilaku prososial dapat dilakukan di sekolah melalui pembelajaran karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas pembelajaran karakter untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial bekerja sama, menolong dan menghargai hak dan kesejahteraan orang lain pada remaja SMA. Desain penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttest. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 21 siswa kelas XI SMA Xin Zhong Surabaya yang terpilih berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan skala prososial yang disusun oleh peneliti dengan koefisien reliabilitas sebesar ?= 0,898. Hasil analisis menggunakan Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran karakter efektif untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial remaja SMA. Disarankan agar para guru menggunakan modul pembelajaran karakter untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial remaja SMA.Kata kunci: Efektivititas Pembelajaran; Pembelajaran Karakter; Perilaku Prososial

Our laboratory previously showed that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) inhibited store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCC) via downregulating the expression of transient receptor potential canonical proteins (TRPC), which contribute to the formation of SOCC (Wang J, Jiang Q, Wan L, Yang K, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang E, Lai N, Zhao L, Jiang H, Sun Y, Zhong N, Ran P, Lu W. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 48: 125–134, 2013). The detailed molecular mechanisms by which STS inhibits SOCE and downregulates TRPC, however, remain largely unknown. We have previously shown that, under hypoxic conditions, inhibition of protein kinase G (PKG) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) signaling axis results in the upregulation of TRPC (Wang J, Yang K, Xu L, Zhang Y, Lai N, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Zhong N, Ran P, Lu W. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 49: 231–240, 2013). This suggests that strategies targeting the restoration of this signaling pathway may be an effective treatment strategy for pulmonary hypertension. In this study, our results demonstrated that STS treatment can effectively prevent the hypoxia-mediated inhibition of the PKG-PPAR-γ signaling axis in rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and distal pulmonary arteries. These effects of STS treatment were blocked by pharmacological inhibition or specific small interfering RNA knockdown of either PKG or PPAR-γ. Moreover, targeted PPAR-γ agonist markedly enhanced the beneficial effects of STS. These results comprehensively suggest that STS treatment can prevent hypoxia-mediated increases in intracellular calcium homeostasis and cell proliferation, by targeting and restoring the hypoxia-inhibited PKG-PPAR-γ signaling pathway in PASMCs.

Four species of freshwater crabs from three genera and two families (CantopotamonhengqinenseHuang, Ahyong & Shih, 2017,NanhaipotamonguangdongenseDai, 1997,Nanhaipotamonmacausp. n., andSomanniathelphusazanklonNg & Dudgeon, 1992) are documented from Macau for the first time. One new species,Nanhaipotamonmacausp. n., is described. The large flap on the male first gonopod terminal segment sets it apart from all other known congeners exceptN.wupingenseCheng, Yang, Zhong & Li, 2003, from Fujian. Characters of the carapace, male first gonopod and size, however, clearly differentiate these two species. Preliminary genetic studies also suggest that the two are not closely related. A neotype is designated forN.wupingense. The taxonomic status ofNanhaipotamonguangdongenseis also discussed. Notes on the general biology and conservation status of these crabs are also included.

Introdução: A COVID-19 tornou-se uma emergência de saúde pública no ano de 2020, sendo caracterizada como pandemia no mês de março. Os idosos compõem o grupo de risco dessa doença. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre os idosos. Material e Método: A busca pelos artigos foi realizada através da plataforma Pubmed, com a inclusão de 17 estudos. Resultados: Os resultados ressaltaram a prevalência da doença entre a população idosa, e evidenciaram que esse grupo apresenta sintomas atípicos e com duração ligeiramente mais longa desde o início da sintomatologia até a sua admissão, tornando-se mais difícil a identificação da infecção de forma precoce. As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram: febre, tosse, produção de escarro, diarreia, fadiga, pneumonia e lesão cardíaca aguda. Também se observa que comorbidades, como hipertensão e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, levam a uma disfunção cardíaca e pulmonar devido a mudanças fisiológicas e anatômicas dos pulmões, agravando o quadro clínico dos pacientes. Os exames de imagem se mostraram grandes aliados ao diagnóstico das alterações pulmonares decorrentes da infecção, além da realização do exame RT-PCR. Conclusão: Os idosos compõem o grupo de risco da COVID-19, sendo indivíduos com comorbidades os mais susceptíveis à agravamentos clínicos. Há necessidades em seguir as recomendações da OMS por não haver um tratamento específico destinado a essa patologia. Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Idoso; Diagnóstico Clínico. Referências World Health Organization [homepage internet]. Pandemia de doença por coronavirus (COVID-19) [acesso em 19 nov 2020]. 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This work is focused on developing all-fiber green laser in hybrid geometry, based on combination of Er:ZBLAN active fiber and silica fiber-based passive components of optical resonator and deploying Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) as highly selective mirrors for green spectral range. The scope of work covers fundamental spectroscopic characterization of Er:ZBLAN samples, determination of key spectroscopic parameters, modelling the lasing properties and lasing experiments in different pumping geometries. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW.P. Risk, T.R. Gosnell, A.V. Nurmikko, "Compact blue-green lasers", Cambridge University Press. (2003) CrossRef J.Y. Allain, M. Monerie, and H. Poignant, "Tunable green upconversion erbium fibre laser", Electronics Lett., 28 (1992) 111-113 CrossRef Z . Luo, Q. Ruan, M. Zhong, Y. Cheng, R. Yang, B. Xu, H. Xu, Z. Cai, "Compact self-Q-switched green upconversion Er:ZBLAN all-fiber laser operating at 543.4 nm", Optics Lett. 41 (2016) 2258-2261 CrossRef D. E. McCumber, "Einstein relations connecting broadband emission and absorption spectra", Physical Review 136 (1964) 954-957 CrossRef

Abstract The Mengzi 孟子 (The Book of Mencius) served as a constant model of doctrinal argumentation and style for centuries. One of the distinctive traits that emerges from the work is the image of Mencius struggling against the disorder arising from the increasing influence of the heretical doctrines of Yang Zhu 楊朱 (ca. 4th century BC) and Mo Di 墨翟 (ca . 480–390 BC). It deserves particular attention, as the authors of the Mengzi – or perhaps even Mencius himself – carved a rhetorical strategy of strong emotional impact, hyperbolic in its very nature, based on the “moral balance” (zhong 中) of the Ru 儒 (Classicists) tradition compared to both the egoism (wei wo 為我) promoted by Yang Zhu and the vitiated form of indiscriminate and unbalanced concern for others supported by Mo Di's followers. To date, the Mengzi seems to be the first text in which the “Yang Mo 楊墨” symbol for Yang (Zhu) and Mo (Di) occurs. It became proverbial in Chinese literature for the two prototypes of ethical drift from which traditions that had allegedly strayed from the Ru should be retracted. The importance of both thinkers within a Mencian framework is evident: it is around these two figures that the text structures a highly sophisticated rhetorical framework, characterized by implicit and explicit strategies of inventio and dispositio.

Yang Zhong's excellent book about Local Government and Politics in China gives a succinct and convincing account of the frameworks for local governance in the PRC today. The organization, functioning, powers and evolution of local government in China are notoriously difficult to grasp due to the many intersecting layers and lines of authority, the diversity of local conditions, and the shorthand language used by administrators to refer to local government. Although there is a growing literature on local government in contemporary China, we have, until now, lacked a comprehensive overview in English.For almost a decade Yang Zhong has observed the behaviour of local government in a small number of places in China, and is thus able to base his account on actual practice. The style is refreshingly simple and easy to follow, the administrative jargon is well explained, and the structure of the presentation is lucid. The core aspects of local governance are covered, with a sound focus on counties, townships and towns, and a separate chapter dealing with village politics. Local authorities in cities are not covered; this omission is unfortunate, but understandable from the point of view of keeping the book within manageable limits.

In the late Ming dynasty, a new genre of drama arose, which presented on stage recent political events, featuring real historical persons; this genre continued across the Ming-Qing transition. The earliest and one of the best known examples is The Cry of the Phoenix (Ming feng ji), dramatising the conflict between corrupt minister Yan Song (1481-1568) and upright official Yang Jisheng (1516-1555), and probably written by someone in the literary circle of Wang Shizhen (1526-1590). The genre reached its apogee in Kong Shangren’s (1648-1718) The Peach Blossom Fan (Taohua shan). Around the Ming-Qing transition, in the Chongzhen and Shunzhi reigns, a considerable number of plays focused on the conflict during the preceding Tianqi reign between the Eastern Grove (Donglin) faction and the chief eunuch Wei Zhongxian (1568-1627). Eleven plays on this subject are known, of which three survive: Fan Shiyan’s Eunuch Wei Grinds Down the Loyal (Wei jian mo zhong ji), the Clear-Whistling Scholar’s (Qingxiaosheng) A Happy Encounter with Spring (Xi feng chun), and Li Yu’s 李玉 A Roster of the Pure and Loyal (Qing zhong pu). Basing my argument on an examination of these plays and of another play by Li Yu, Reunion across Ten Thousand Miles (Wan li yuan), also based on contemporary events, I suggest that the lively version of events given by these political dramas both reflected and helped to develop and spread the popularly accepted view of late-Ming and Southern Ming factional conflict leading to the fall of the Ming dynasty. According to this view, broadly following the Eastern Grove and Revival Society (Fushe) narrative, the decline and fall of the Ming dynasty was the fault of corrupt officials and evil palace eunuchs who misled the Emperor and were bravely resisted by righteous and incorruptible officials who fell as martyrs to their unprincipled opponents. This simplistic view, endorsed to a great extent in the official Ming History (Ming shi), which was mostly written by former Eastern Grove and Revival Society adherents, has persisted in the popular mind to the present day. I also argue that, after the establishment of the Qing, political drama could serve as a vehicle for the covert expression of Ming loyalism.

Guo, R., Zhou, J., Hao, W., Gong, D., Zhong, X., Gu, F., Liu, Q., Xia, X., Tian, J. and Li, H. 2011. Germination, growth, photosynthesis and ionic balance in Setaria viridis seedlings subjected to saline and alkaline stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1077–1088. Setaria viridis seeds and seedlings were subjected to saline and alkaline stress to determine their effects on germination and growth indices, and physiological parameters. The treatments consisted of solutions of NaCl:Na2SO4 for saline stress and NaHCO3:Na2CO3 for alkaline stress, at different concentrations. Germination, growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ionic balance were determined to elucidate the difference in the mechanism of saline and alkaline stress damage to S. viridis seedlings, and their physiological adaptive mechanism to stress. Germination indices decreased and, germ and root growth were severely inhibited with increased concentrations, especially under alkaline stress. We also found that alkaline stress had a more severe effect on S. viridis seedlings than saline stress, which was demonstrated by greater reduction in relative growth rate, water content and root system activity. Similarly, the reduction in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence was greater under alkaline than saline stress. Alkaline stress also appeared to exacerbate the ionic imbalance generated by saline stress; alkaline stress caused a heavy precipitate of phosphate and metal ions, excluding Na+ and K+, and the loss of NO3 − and H2PO4 −, which caused a sharp decrease in ionic activity and free concentrations of various ions. Our results suggest that damage caused by alkaline stress might come from greater influx of Na+ than caused by saline stress. Setaria viridis responds by synthesizing greater amounts of organic acids than are required to counter salinity to address the intracellular ion imbalance; this process is at the cost of the plant's already diminished energy resource.

Bendungan Tempuran disamping bermanfaat untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan bagi manusia, juga menyimpan potensi bahaya yang sangat besar bila tidak dikelola dengan baik, yaitu apabila bendungan tersebut runtuh dapat menyebabkan kerugian jiwa dan materi yang sangat besar, serta hancurnya infrastruktur yang ada di daerah hilirnya. Salah satu potensi bahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan adalah keruntuhan Bendungan. Keruntuhan dapat diakibatkan oleh bocoran yang membawa material bendungan secara berangsur-angsur yang disebut erosi buluh atau piping. Akibat keruntuhan tersebut, air yang tertampung di bendungan akan mengalir ke lembah sungai di hilir bendungan dengan debit yang sangat besar serta kecepatan aliran air banjir yang sangat tinggi. Untuk meminimalkan kerugian yang dapat ditimbulkan akibat keruntuhan bendungan, maka perlu dilakukan mitigasi bencana dalam rangka melakukan upaya tindakan preventif dengan cara melakukan simulasi pemodelan keruntuhan Bendungan. Analisis keruntuhan Bendungan Tempuran (dam break analysis) dilakukan dengan pemodelan menggunakan bantuan software Zhong Xing HY21 dengan skenario kondisi muka air waduk setinggi banjir desain, dimana inflow hidrograf sama dengan banjir rencana. Kondisi dalam analisis keruntuhan bendungan tersebut ditinjau dalam alternatif kondisi akibat piping atas pada elevasi ±123 m dengan inflow PMF (probably maximum flood). Kondisi ini diasumsikan merupakan kondisi yang paling optimal sebagai acuan untuk melakukan Tindakan rencana mitigasi bencana dalam upaya meminimalkan kerugian baik kerugian materiil maupun kerugian imateriil Dari hasil analisis pemodelan tersebut dengan scenario piping atas dan dari hasil analisis hidrologi dengan debit inflow PMF (Snyder) sebesar 137,257 m3/det diperoleh hasil dampak banjir yang ditimbulkan sepanjang 9,911 km kearah hilir melalui aliran Sungai Ngampel yang bermuara di Sungai Lusi. Area terdampak meliputi 15 Desa di dua Kecamatan sepanjang sungai tersebut yang berada di hilir dari Bendungan Tempuran. Waktu tiba banjir ke desa terdekat (Desa Tempuran) adalah 15 menit sedangkan waktu banjir sampai ke desa terjauh (Desa kamolan) adalah 6 jam.

Vilnius UniversityThis article deals with the treatment of human talent (cai 才) in pre-imperial and early imperial China and concentrates on its relationship with other Chinese philosophical and anthropological concepts and the general cultural context. On the one hand, it analyses the moral meaning of talent, discussing its relationship with the concept of xian 贤 ( the worthy) in Classical Confucianism, and on the other hand it analyses its relationship with the concept of de 德 (virtue) as it was treated from Classical Confucianism and Legalism to the Six Dynasties. The latter analysis is based mainly on books by Xu Gan Zhong lun 中论 (Balanced Discources) and Liu Shao Renwuzhi 人物志 (The Study of Human Abilities), paying special attention to the infiltration of the Legalist understanding of cai into those books. The second problem discussed here is the relationship of cai and human nature (xing). The author argues that the discussions concerning human resources or talent in pre-imperial and early imperial China were inseparable from the anthropological and philosophical thinking on human nature and from the resolution of political problems. The understanding of human resources in China had from the very beginning a strong motivation for applicability in the political sphere, and this was a contribution not only of Confucian thinkers, but also by the schools of Legalists, Logicians (or School of Names), and Dialecticians (or School of Yin-yang). This could be the reason why the Chinese avoided the mystification, essentialisation and romanticisation of human talent, as happened in Western culture (especially with the titanism of the Renaissance and beyond).

Simulations of selectively filled photonic crystal fibers using finite elements method were performed. Different patterns of filling were modeled and compared to an empty and fully filled fiber. Dependence of effective refractive indices of guided modes, phase birefringence and confinement losses on guided wavelength was investigated. A comparison of width of photonic bandgaps in different structures was made. Full Text: PDF ReferencesPh. St. J. Russell, "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006) CrossRef Y. Han, S. Tan, M. K. K. Oo, D. Pristinski, S. Sukhishvili, and H. Du, "Towards Full-Length Accumulative Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Active Photonic Crystal Fibers", Adv. Mat. 22, 2647 (2010) CrossRef S. Ertman, A. H. Rodríguez, M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychłowski, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, and T. R. Woliński, "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012) CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical Analysis of the Phase Birefringence of the Photonic Crystal Fibers Selectively Filled with Liquid Crystal", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 596, 4 (2014) CrossRef Y. Wang, C. Liao, X. Zhong, Z. Li, Y. Liu, J. Zhou, and K. Yang, "Selective-fluid-filled photonic crystal fibers and applications", Proc. SPIE 8914, 89140J-1 (2013) CrossRef F. Wang, W. Yuan, O. Hansen, and O. Bang, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibers using focused ion beam milled microchannels", Opt. Express 19, 17585 (2011) CrossRef T. Martynkien, G. Statkiewicz-Barabach, J. Olszewski et al., "Highly birefringent microstructured fibers with enhanced sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure", Opt. Express 18, 15113 (2010) CrossRef B. T. Kuhlmey, R.C. McPhedran, C. M. de Sterke, "Modal cutoff in microstructured optical fibers", Opt. Lett. 27, 1684 (2002) CrossRef

В данной работе продемонстрирована возможность применения ИК-микроспектроскопии для многомерной визуализации и анализа интеграции с нативными твердыми тканями зуба человека нового поколения биомиметических материалов, воспроизводящих минералорганический комплекс эмали и дентина.На основе ИК-картирования интенсивности конкретной функциональной молекулярной группы с использованием синхротронного излучения найдены и визуализированы характеристические особенности биомиметического переходного слоя в межфазной области эмаль/стоматологический материал и определено расположение функциональных групп, отвечающих процессам интеграции биомиметического композита REFERENCES Rohr N., Fischer J. Tooth surface treatment strategies for adhesive cementation // The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics, 2017, v. 9(2), pp. 85–92. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2017.9.2.85 Pereira C. N. de B., Daleprane B., Miranda G. L. P. de, Magalhães C. S. de, Moreira A. N. 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Background:As the standard markers of systemic inflammation in autoimmune diseases erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are usually used, but in recent years there have been conflicting results about the potential significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR).Objectives:Our aim was to investigate the correlation of NLR and PLR with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:The study involved 160 patients with SLE (145 women and 15 men), hospitalized in the Clinic of Rheumatology, Institute „Niška Banja“, aged on the average 46.34 ± 10.82 years and with average disease duration of 9.76 ± 8.27 years, in whom the diagnosis was established based on the revised ACR criteria from 1997. In addition to clinical examination and supplementary tests, their disease activity was assessed using theSystemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI), together with determination of NLR and PLR.Results:In SLE patients, there was a positive correlation of NLR with ESR (r=0.212; p=0.010), anti-dsDNA antibodies (r=0.185; p=0.025), and PLR (r=0.601; p<0.001), as well as a negative correlation with complement component 3 (C3) (r=-0.264; p=0.003). Further, there was a positive correlation of PLR with ESR (r=0.329; p<0.001), CRP (r=0.249; p=0.003), anti-dsDNA antibodies (r=0.280; p=0.001), anti-nucleosome antibodies (r=0.263; p=0.026), and values of urinary chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) (r=0.263; p=0.043), as well as a negative correlation with C3 (r=-0.276; p=0.002). Our univariate analysis demonstrated that not only the values of ESR, CRP, C3, anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome, anti-C1q antibodies, serum and urinary MCP1 (p<0.001) were statistically significantly associated with SLEDAI, but also the NLR (p<0.001) and PLR (p<0.001). Using the method of standard multiple regression analysis, we examined the impact of the above parameters on SLEDAI. The examined model accounted for 21.7% of variance in activity index (corrected r2=0.217, F=2.525, p=0.017). As the statistically significant risk factors, ESR (Beta=0.394, p=0.020) and serum MCP1 (Beta=0.325, p=0.043) stood out.Conclusion:NLR and PLR, as hematological parameters available in everyday clinical work, can be significant for disease activity assessment in SLE patients.References:[1]Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Mukanova U, Yessirkepov M, Kitas GD. The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases. Ann Lab Med. 2019;39(4):345-57.[2]Yu H, Jiang L, Yao L, Gan C, Han X, Liu R, Su N. Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and hemoglobin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Ther Med. 2018;16(2):1547-53.[3]Wu Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Chen L, Yang Y. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were associated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016;36:94-9.[4]Yolbas S, Yildirim A, Gozel N, Uz B, Koca SS. Hematological Indices May Be Useful in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and in Determining Disease Activity in Behcet’s Disease. Med Princ Pract. 2016;25(6):510–6.[5]Qin B, Ma N, Tang Q, Wei T, Yang M, Fu H, Hu Z, Liang Y, Yang Z, Zhong R. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were useful markers in assessment of inflammatory response and disease activity in SLE patients. Mod Rheumatol. 2016;26(3):372–6.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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Background:Overweight/obesity is associated with a high incidence of chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA, obesity represents an increasingly prevalent comorbidity even at its first presentation, with more than 60% of patients with RA classified as overweight or obese by the body mass index (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). On the other hand, RA is related with excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, which accounts for over 50% of premature deaths in RA. Obesity contributes to the development of inflammation via changes in metabolism and function of adipose tissue and it appears to coexist with other CVD risk factors such as hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.Objectives:For the first time, this study looks at the effect of the BMI on echocardiography parameters in established RA cases.Methods:A cross section study was carried out to recruit patients meeting the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria during 2019. Standard trans-thoracic echocardiography examination was performed by a specialist cardio-sonographer who was blinded to the status of the participants. The echocardiography parameters studied included left ventricular dimensions, wall geometry, systolic and diastolic parameters, ejection fraction, right ventricular size and function, valve structure and function, aortic root dimensions, pulmonary pressures and pericardium. Anthropometric measurements of BMI were carried out as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). Data was analysed using the BMI as the explanatory variable and repeating the simple linear regression analysis using the echocardiography parameters as outcome variables. P value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results:During the one-year period, 44 RA patients were recruited, of which 91% (40) were female and 4 (9 %) male. The mean (SD) of age was 50±13 years (Min 28, Max 72). The mean (SD) of BMI was 30.887 ± 6.348 Kg/m2 (Min 21, Max 44.38). As per BMI classification of obesity, only 11% patients were found to have normal BMI. Echocardiography revealed that 14% patients had aortic regurgitation, 2% had aortic stenosis, 2% had mitral stenosis, and 7% had tricuspid regurgitation.Using BMI as an explanatory variable, with echocardiography parameters as outcome variables, it was found that BMI contributed positively in a linear manner to the Interventricular Septal thickness in diastole (mm) (p=0.004, CI: 0.048-0.227), LV End Diastolic Diameter (mm) (p=0.033, CI: 0.033-0.722), LV mass (g) (0.04, CI: 0.022-6.339), Early Diastolic Velocity, E, by PW mitral inflow measurement (cm/s) (p=0.02, CI: 0.150-1.933), E/E’ ratio by Tissue Doppler study (p=0.01, CI: 0.025-0.225), and to Right Ventricle function measured by Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (mm) (p=0.02, CI: 0.035-0.346).Conclusion:Obesity and Inflammation overlap syndrome may interplay to produce various cardiovascular abnormalities. Body Mass Index is shown to be associated with significant echocardiographic abnormalities including left ventricular dimension, diastolic parameters and right ventricular function. In view of the complex interrelation between obesity, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease, measuring Body Mass Index might help predict adverse cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis patients.References:[1]Body mass index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Qin B, Yang M, Fu H, Ma N, Wei T, Tang Q, Hu Z, Liang Y, Yang Z, Zhong R. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015; 17(1): 86. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0601-x.[2]Cardiac eccentric remodeling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pascale V, Finelli R, Giannotti R, Coscioni E, Izzo R, Rozza F, Caputo D, Moscato P, Iaccarino G, Ciccarelli M. Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 5867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24323-0.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The alkali volcanics and intrusive rocks, dated at around 35-33Ma, are cut by mineralised northeast and east trending faults showing predominant evidence for strike-slip. Mineralisation includes haematite-Au-Cu and is accompanied by iron-rich alteration of the volcanic rocks. Detailed assessment of the geometry of the fault system at Pu Sam Cap suggests that the faults formed as a Riedel shear system during left-lateral slip within the Song Hong-Song Chay shear zone and the numerous contemporaneous northwest trending faults to the south; the northeast trending faults are interpreted as dextral “book-end’’ faults between major northwest trending faults enclosing the Pu Sam Cap massif. As mineralisation is hosted within these faults and is also associated with lamprohyric dykes it confirms a thermal event younger than the alkaline volcanics and syenitic intrusives at Pu Sam Cap, suggesting a hidden, young porphyry system. The age of faulting, and thus the maximum age for this young intrusive event, is attributed to the 23-21Ma period of late-stage left-lateral strike-slip motion across northwest Vietnam.ReferencesAnczkiewicz R., Viola G., Muntener O., Thrirlwall M., Quong N.Q., 2007. Structure and shearing conditions in the Day Nui Con Voi massif: implications for the evolution of the Red River Fault. Tectonics 26: TC2002.Cao Shunyun, Liu Junlai, Leis B., Zhao Chunquiang 2010. New zircon U/Pb geochronology of the post-kinematic granitic plutons in Diancang Shan Massif along the Ailao-Shan-Red River Shear Zone and its geological implications. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 84, 1474-1487.Chung S.-L., Lee T., Lo C., et al., 1997. Intraplate extension prior to continental extrusion along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone.Geology, 25, 311-314.Cloos H., 1928. Experimentezurinnern Tektonik. Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie und Palaeontologie, 1928, 609-621.Findlay R.H., Phan Trong Trinh 1997. The structural setting of the Song Ma region, Vietnam, and the Indochina-South China plate boundary problem. Gondwana Research, 1, 11-33.Jolivet L., Beysasac O., Goffe B., Avigad D., Leprevrier C., Maluski H., Ta Trong Thang, 2001. Oligo-Miocene midcrustal subhorizontal shear in Indochina. Tectonics, 20, 46-57.Khuong The Hung 2010. The complex tectonic events and their influence on formation of mineral deposits in northwest Vietnam. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Science and Technology, Cracow, 167p.Leloup P.H., N. Arnau, R. Lacassin, J.R. Kienast, T.M. Harrison, P.T. Trinh, A. Replumaz and P. Tapponnier, 2001. New constraints on the structure, thermochronology and timing of the Ailao Shan - Red river shear zone, SE Asia, J. G. R., 106, 6657-6671.Leloup PH.., R. Lacassin, P. Tapponnier, U. Scharer, Zhong Dalai, Liu Xaohan, Zhangshan, Ji Shaocheng and PT.Trinh, 1995. The Ailao Shan - Red river shear zone (Yunnan, China), Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina, Tectonophysics, 251, 3-84. Leprevier C., Maluski H., Nguyen Van Vuong, Roques D., Axente V., Rangin C., 1996. Indosinian NW-trending shear zones within the Truong Son belt, Vietnam: 40Ar-39Ar Triassic ages and Cretaceous to Cenozoic overprints. Tectonophysics, 283, 105-107.Lien-Sheng Zhang, Scharer U. 1999. Age and origin of magmatism along the Cenozoic Red River shear belt, China. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 134, 67-85.Nagy E.A., Scharer U., Minh N.T., 2000. Oligo-Miocene granitic magmatismin central Vietnam and implications for continental deformation in Indochina. Terra Nova, 12, 67-76.Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, 2016. Isotop dating U-Pb Zircon of Syenit Formation, Pu Sam Cap. Journal of Geology, A Serie, 356, 30-36. (In Vietnamese).Pei-Long Wang, Ching-Hua Lo, Tung-Yi Lee, Sun-ling Chun, Ching-Yan Lan, Nguyen Trong Yem 1998. Thermochronological evidence for the movement of the Ailo Shan-Red River shear zone, a perspective from Vietnam. Geology, 26, 887-890.Phan Trong Trinh, Nguyen Trong Yem, Herve L.P., Tapponnier P., 1994. Late Cenozoic stress fields in North Vietnam from microtectonic measurements. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Seismotectonics and Seismic Hazard in Southeast Asia. Geological Survey of SR Vietnam, Hanoi, 182-186.Riedel W., 1929. Zur Mechanikgreologischer Brucherscheinungen. Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlung B, 354-368.Scharer U., Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., Leloup P.H., Dalai Z., Shaosheng J., 1990. Intraplate tectonics in Asia: a precise age for large-scale Miocene movement along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 97, 65-77.Scharer U., Zhang L.S., Tapponnier P., 1994. Duration of strike-slip movements in large shear zones: the Red River belt, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 126, 379-397.Searle M.P., 2006. Role of the Red River Shear zone, Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE Asia. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 163, 1025-1036.Searle M.P., Meng-Wan Yeh, Te-Hsien Lin, Sun-Lin Chung, 2010. Structural constraints on the timing of left-lateral shear along the Red River shear zone in the Ailao Shan and Diancang Shan Ranges, Yunnan, SW China. Geosphere, 6, 316-338.Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., Leloup H., Scharer U., Zhong Dalai, Wu Hawei, Liu Ziaohan, Ji Shaocheng, Zhang Lianshang, Zong Jiayou, 1990. The Ailao Shan/ Red River metamorphic belt: Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and south China. Nature, 342, 431-437.Tchalenko J.S., 1970. Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 81, 1625-1640.Viola G., Anczkiewicz R. 2009. Exhumation history of the Red River shear zone in northern Vietnam: new insights from zircon and apatite fission-track analysis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 33, 78-90.Yang Yiseng, Hong Qun, Hu Huan-ting, Hieu Pham Trung, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Chen Fu-kun, 2013. Geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Cenozoic porphyry in the Laizhou area, northwestern Vietnam. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 29(3), 899-911. (In Chinese with English abstract, full English version through Google Translate).

Методом цитратной золь-гель технологии получен новый двойной борат рубидия–гольмия состава Rb3HoB6O12. Соединение кристаллизуется в тригональной сингонии (пр. гр. R32, a = 13.4038(7), с = 30.315(2) Å, V = 4716.76 Å3) и плавится инконгруэнтно при 818 °С. Попытки получить в однофазном состоянии Rb3HoB6O12 методом твердофазных реакций не привели к положительному результату REFERENCES Wu C., Yang G., Humphrey M.G., Zhang C. Recent advances in ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet secondorder nonlinear optical crystals // Chem. Rev., 2018, v. 375, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.017 Bubnova R., Volkov S., Albert B., Filatov S. Borates – crystal structures of prospective nonlinear optical materials: high anisotropy of the thermal expansion caused by anharmonic atomic vibrations // Crystals, 2017, v. 7, pp.1–32. DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030093 Becker P. Borate materials in nonlinear optics // Mater., 1998, v. 10, pp. 979–992. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199809)10:13<979::AIDADMA979>3.0.CO;2-N Chen C., Li R. The anionic group theory of the nonlinear optical effect and its applications in the development of new high-quality NLO crystals in the borate series // Rev. Phys. Chem., 1988, v. 8, pp. 65–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442358909353223 Chen C., Wu Y., Jiang A., Wu B., You G., Li R., Lin S. New nonlinear-optical crystal: LiB3O5 // Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys., 1989, v. 6, pp. 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.6.000616 French R. H., Ling J. W., Ohuchi F. S., Chen C. T. Electronic structure of b-BaB2O4 and LiB3O5 nonlinear optical crystals // Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1991, v. 44, pp. 8496–8502. https://doi.org/10.1103/Phys-RevB.44.8496 Yusuke Mori, Ikio Kuroda, Satoshi Nakajima, Takamoto Sasaki, Sadao Nakai. New nonlinear optical crystal: Cesium lithium borate // Phys. Lett., 1995, v. 67, pp. 1818–1820. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115413 Haohai Yu, Zhongben Pan, Huaijin Zhang, Jiyang Wang. Recent advances in self-frequency-doubling crystals // Materiomics, 2016, v. 2, pp. 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2015.12.001 Bajor A.L., Kisielewski J., Klos A., Kopzyński K., Lukasiewicz T., Mierczyk J., Mlyńczak J. Assessment of gadolinium calcium oxoborate (GdCOB) for laser applications // Opto-electronics Review, 2011, v. 19, pp. 439–448. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11772-011-0042-2 Dan Zhao, Cong-Kui Nie, Ye Tian, Bao-Zhong Liu, Yun-Chang Fan, Ji Zhao. A new luminescent host material K3GdB6O12: synthesis, crystal structure and luminescent properties activated by Sm3+ // Kristallogr., 2018, v. 233, pp. 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2017-2101 Dan Zhao, Fa-Xue Ma, Rui-Juan Zhang, Wei Wei, Juan Yang, Ying-Jie Li. A new rare-earth borate K3LuB6O12: crystal and electronic structure, and luminescent properties activated by Eu3+ // Mater Sci: Mater Electron., 2017, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5501-6 Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., Dorzhieva S. G., Gavrilova T. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Pugachev A. M., Tushinova Yu. L., Yelisseyev A. P. Exploration of structural, thermal, vibrational and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric double borate Rb3NdB6O12 // Powder Technol., 2017, v. 28, pp. 1309–1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.02.019 Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., Gavrilova T. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Stefanovich S. Yu. Structural and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric selfactivated borate Rb3EuB6O12 with B5O10 units // Des., 2018, v. 140, pp. 488–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.004 Sangen Zhao, Guochun Zhang, Jiyong Yao, Yicheng Wu. K3YB6O12: A new nonlinear optical crystal with a short UV cutoff edge // Res. Bull., 2012, v. 47, pp. 3810–3813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.05.062 Miriding Mutailipu, Zhiqing Xie, Xin Su, Min Zhang, Ying Wang, Zhihua Yang, Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua, Shilie Pan. Chemical cosubstitution- oriented design of rare-earth borates as potential ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials // Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, v. 139, pp. 18397–18405. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11263 Li Yang, Yingpeng Wan, Honggen Weng, Yanlin Huang, Cuili Chen, Hyo Jin Seo. Luminescence and color center distributions in K3YB6O12 : Ce3+ phosphor // Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2016, v. 49 (325303), pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/32/325303

Background:Risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had been reported in overweight obese compared with normal weight people. More, obesity is associated with high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in RA. No previous publications have examined the detailed body composition parameters among RA, or its relation to CVD in RA.Objectives:This study looked at the body composition and the body mass index and correlated it with the subclinical cardiovascular disease as manifested by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT).Methods:During 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out to recruit cases that met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR criteria for diagnosis of RA. All the patients were free of cardiovascular and or cerebrovascular disease. Patients with clinical diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, dyslipidemia, thyroid disorder and pregnant female were excluded. None of the participants is smoker or had history of smoking.cMIT ultrasound (US) measures were obtained using a real-time US scanner equipped with a 7.5 MHz linear probe by a single sonographer. Patients underwent a detailed body composition analysis within the same week of the cIMT measurement. The body composition analysis involved assessing the level of total body water, protein, minerals, body fat mass, intra- and extracellular water, basal metabolic rate, waist hip ratio, visceral fat level, obesity degree, bone mineral content, body cell mass, arm and arm muscle circumference, detailed muscle fat analysis, obesity analysis, segmental lean analysis, weight control parameters, and segmental fat analysis.Results:During 2019, 35 female RA patients were recruited that met the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) of the age was 52 (10) with a minimum of 20 and maximum of 72 years old. The mean (SD) of cIMT was 0.59 (0.098) mm with a minimum of 0 .38 and maximum of 0.87. The mean (SD) of the BMI was 30.7 (7.0) with a minimum of 20 and maximum of 56.9 Kg/m2. Mean systolic blood pressure was 126 (19) with a minimum of 91 and maximum of 140 mmHg. Also, the mean diastolic blood pressure was mmHg 74 (11) with a minimum of 49 and maximum of 96.The correlation of cIMT with the parameters of the body composition in a linear regression analysis showed a positive linear relationship between cIMT and each of the Body fat mass (kg): P=0.045, CI 0.000-0.004), BMI (p=0.029, CI: 0.001, 0 .009), the target weight (p=0.040, CI: 0.000- 0.001), extracellular water (P=0.033, CI: 0.002, 0.034) and bone mineral content (p=0.031, CI: 0.009, 0.192).The Multiple linear regression analysis showed persistence of the relationship between the cIMT and the age of the participants (p=0.049, CI:0.001-0.007) and the BMI (p=0.031, CI: 0.002- 0.032), with R2of the model was 0.38.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the detailed body composition parameters among RA and found a good correlation with subclinical cardiovascular disease as manifested by cIMT. More research with larger study population is needed to look at the association between body mass index and CVD risk factor in RA.References:[1]Body mass index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Qin B, Yang M, Fu H, Ma N, Wei T, Tang Q, Hu Z, Liang Y, Yang Z, Zhong R. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015; 17(1): 86. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0601-x[2]Body Mass Index and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Feng X, Xu X, Shi Y, Liu X, Liu H, Hou H, Ji L, Li Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Li D. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 3579081. doi: 10.1155/2019/3579081Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, the paper demonstrates how inter-ocular testing (looking at the data) of Schwartz values from world values study (WVS) provides a surprisingly different picture to what the authors would expect from traditional mean comparison testing (t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA)). Second, the authors suggest that the ReVaMB model can be applied to an East Asian philosophical perspective. Relativity, the authors argue, is a factor when East Asian wisdom, philosophies and ideologies (Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Legalism) “drive” outcomes such as work ethic. Third, the paper serves as an editorial to a special issue in CCSM on East Asian wisdom and its impact on business culture and performance in a cross-cultural context. Common themes are Yin Yang, how different cultures deal with paradox, and Zhong Yong, with accompanying concerns of how to conceptualise and deal with balance of opposites. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted ten variables of the Schwartz values scales used in the WVS and subjected them to principle components analysis to reduce the number of variables. The authors found a two-factor solution: one relating to personal material success and adventure and excitement; another relating to success and personal recognition. The authors labelled these factors as Altruism and Hedonism. The analysis is based on an overall sample of 84,692 respondents in 60 countries. In addition to traditional statistical testing, the authors conduct inter-ocular testing. The authors also suggest that the ReVaMB model can be applied to East Asian wisdom. Findings Three recommendations help to arrive at more accurate conclusions when comparing groups: the authors recommend to aspire to “consistent look and statistic”. If the data distribution does not agree with the statistics, then the researcher should take a closer look. To avoid misinterpreting statistics and other analysis, the authors recommend inter-ocular testing, i.e. eyeballing data in a scientific fashion. The authors provide specific examples how to do that. The authors recommend to test for common-language effect size (CLE), and also recommend a new rule of thumb, i.e. a split of 60/40 as minimum difference to make any generalisation; 70/30 is worth considering. The rule of thumb contributes to better differentiation between real and “not real” differences. Originality/value The authors introduce two concepts: the “inter-ocular test”, which simply means to “look at your data”, and the Chinese word, 错觉 (Cuòjué) which roughly translates to “illusion”, “wrong impression”, or “misconception”. This study argues against accepting simplistic averages for data analysis. The authors provide evidence that an inter-ocular test provides a more comprehensive picture of data when comparing groups rather than simply relying on traditional statistical mean comparison testing. The “word of caution” is to avoid premature conclusions on group comparisons with statistical testing alone. The authors also propose an extension of the original ReVaMB model from a confucian orientation to a broad East Asian philosophical perspective. Culture does determine attitudes and behaviour which in turn contribute to the shaping of cultures, depending on situation, context, location and time. The “context” for a situation to occur should be tested as moderators, for example, between East Asian wisdom (Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Legalism) and behavioural or attitudinal dimensions such as work ethic.

В работе были проведены исследования возможности внедрения серебра в пористый кремний методом электро-термодиффузии и установлено влияние процедуры осаждения на адсорбционные свойства поверхности пористой матрицы. Композиты пористого кремния с внедренными частицами металла относятся к многофункциональным материалам и перспективны для применения в современной оптоэлектронике, сенсорике и персонализированной медицине. ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯИсследование выполнено при поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта 19-32-50038мол_нр «Исследование морфологических, физико-химических и оптических свойств матриц наоснове por-Si в зависимости от методов их формирования и функционализации». REFERENCES Raúl J. Martín-palma, Patrick D. McAtee, Rehab Ramadan, Akhlesh Lakhtakia. Hybrid nanostructured porous silicon-silver layers for wideband optical absorption. Scientifi c Reports, 2019, v. 9(1), p. 7291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43712-7 Kleps I., Miu M., Danila M., Simion M., Ignat T., Bragaru A., Dumitru L., Teodosiu G. Silver/porous silicon (PS) nanocomposite layers for biomedical applications. Proc. of “2006 International Semiconductor Conference”, 27-29 Sep., 2006, no. 9211112. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMICND.2006.283935 Ensafi A. A., Rezaloo F., Rezaei B. Electrochemical sensor based on porous silicon/silver nanocomposite for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. Sensors and Actuators B, 2016, v. 231, pp. 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.03.018 Jinjie Yin, Xiang Qi, Liwen Yang, Guolin Hao, Jun Li, Jianxin Zhong A hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensor based on silver nanoparticles decorated silicon nanowire arrays. Electrochimica Acta, 2011, v. 56(11), pp. 3884–3889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta. 2011.02.033 Spivak Yu. M., Bespalova K. A., Belorus A. O., Panevin A. A., Somov P. A., Grigor’eva N. Yu., Chistyakova L. V., Zhuravskiy S. G., Moshnikov V. A. Sposob polucheniya i primer lekarstvennoy funktsionalizatsii poverkhnosti nanochastits poristogo kremniya [A method of obtaining and an example of drug functionalization of the surface of porous silicon nanoparticles]. Biotekhnosfera [Biotechnosphere], 2017 (3), pp. 69–75. (in Russ.) Pastukhov A. I., Belorus A. O., Bukina Ya. V., Spivak Yu. M., Moshnikov V. A. Infl uence of technology conditions on the surface energy of porous silicon using the method of contact angle. Proc. of “2017 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus)”, 1–3 Feb., 2017, pp. 1183-1185. https://doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus.2017.7910770 Matyushkin L. B. Tekhnologiya i oborudovanie dlya polucheniya kolloidnykh kvantovykh tochek CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), CdSe/ZnS, plazmonnykh nanochastits Ag/SiO2 i gibridnykh struktur na ikh osnove [Technology and equipment for obtaining CsPbX3 colloidal quantum dots (X = Cl, Br, I), CdSe/ZnS, Ag/SiO2 plasmonic nanoparticles and hybrid structures based on them. Cand. Sci. (Eng.) diss. St. Petersburg, 2018, 138 p. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35115356 (in Russ.) Permiakov N. V., Matyushkin L. B., Belorus A. O., Koshevoi V. L. Investigation of a program-controlled process of impregnation of porous semiconductors with silver nanoparticles to create an electrical contact. Proc. of “IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus)”, 2018, pp. 539–543. https://doi.org/10.1109/EICon- Rus.2018.8317154 Travkin P. G., Vorontsova N. V., Vysotsky S. A., Lenshin A. S., Spivak Yu. M., Moshnikov V. A. Issledovanie zakonomernostey formirovaniya struktury poristogo kremniya pri mnogostadiynykh rezhimakh elektrokhimicheskogo travleniya [Study of regularities of porous silicon structure formation with multistage modes of electrochemical etching]. Izvestiya SPBGETU LETI, 2011(4). pp. 3–9. (in Russ.) Belorus A. O., Komlev A. A. Certifi cate of state registration of computer programs No. 2014613394. Measurement of contact angle (MofCA) 26 March 2014. (in Russ.) Van Hoonacker A., Englebienne P. Revisiting silver nanoparticle chemical synthesis and stability by optical spectroscopy. Current Nanoscience, 2006, v. 2(4), pp. 359–371. https://doi.org/10.2174/157341306778699310 Girel K. V., Bondarenko A. V. Formirovanie nanostruktur serebra metodom immersionnogo osazhdeniya [Formation of silver nanostructures by immersion deposition method onto porous silicon and study of their optical properties]. Doklady BGUIR, 2014, v. 86(8), pp. 5–10. (in Russ.)

Background:Gout is a chronic autoinflammatory disease caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition [1].Acute gout is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction that resolves spontaneously within a few days[2], which is one of the distinguishing features of gout compared to other arthropathies or self-inflammatory diseases. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cellular growth, survival, differentiation, development and homeostasis [3]. Studies have demonstrated that autophagy might play a key role in the pathogenesis of primary gouty arthritis (GA) [4-7]. However, the roles of autophagy in the development of gout have not yet been elucidated.Objectives:The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in autophagy-related gene (ATG) mRNA and protein in patients and the clinical importance of these genes in primary gouty arthritis (GA) and to explore the roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of GA.Methods:The mRNA and protein expression levels of ATGs (ATG3, ATG7, ATG10, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, ATG4B and LC3-2) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 196 subjects, including 57 acute gout patients (AG group), 57 intercritical gout patients (IG group) and 82 healthy control subjects (HC group). The relationship between ATG expression levels and laboratory features was analyzed in GA patients.Results:The expression levels of ATG4B, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, ATG10 and LC3-2 mRNA were much lower in the AG group than in the IG and HC groups (p<0.05), while the ATG7 mRNA level was much higher in the AG group than in the IG and HC groups (p<0.05). The protein expression levels of LC3-2, ATG3, ATG7 and ATG10 were much higher in the AG group than in the other groups, while those of ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1 and ATG4B were far lower in the AG group than in the other groups (p<0.05). In GA patients, the levels of ATG mRNA and protein correlated with laboratory inflammatory and metabolic indexes.Conclusion:Altered ATG expression suggests that autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of GA and participates in regulating inflammation and metabolism.References:[1]Dalbeth N, Choi HK, Joosten LAB, Khanna PP, Matsuo H, Perez-Ruiz F, et al. Gout. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5: 69.doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0115-y.[2]Schauer C, Janko C, Munoz LE, Zhao Y, Kienhöfer D, Frey B, et al. Aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps limit inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. Nat Med. 2014;20: 511-517.doi:10.1038/nm.3547.[3]Han Y, Zhang L, Xing Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Tang P, et al. Autophagy relieves the function inhibition and apoptosis-promoting effects on osteoblast induced by glucocorticoid. Int J Mol Med. 2018;41: 800-808. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3270.[4]Yang QB, He YL, Zhong XW, Xie WG, Zhou JG. Resveratrol ameliorates gouty inflammation via upregulation of sirtuin 1 to promote autophagy in gout patients. Inflammopharmacology. 2019;27: 47-56.doi:10.1007/s10787-018-00555-4.[5]Mitroulis I, Kambas K, Chrysanthopoulou A, Skendros P, Apostolidou E, Kourtzelis I, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is associated with IL-1β and autophagy-related signaling in gout. PLoS One. 2011;6: e29318.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029318.[6]Crişan TO, Cleophas MCP, Novakovic B, Erler K, van de Veerdonk FL, Stunnenberg HG, et al. Uric acid priming in human monocytes is driven by the AKT-PRAS40 autophagy pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114: 5485-5490.doi:10.1073/pnas.1620910114.[7]Lee SS, Lee SW, Oh DH, Kim HS, Chae SC, Kim SK. Genetic analysis for rs2241880(T > C) in ATG16L1 polymorphism for the susceptibility of Gout. J Clin Rheumatol. 2019;25: e113-e115.doi:10.1097/rhu.0000000000000685.Disclosure of Interests:Yu-Qin Huang: None declared, Quan-Bo Zhang Grant/research support from: National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program) (no.81974250) and Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province (no.2018JY0257), Jian-Xiong Zheng: None declared, gui-lin jian: None declared, tao-hong liu: None declared, Xin He: None declared, fan-ni xiao: None declared, qin xiong: None declared, Yu-Feng Qing Grant/research support from: Science and Technology Project of Nanchong City (no.18SXHZ0522)

Introdução: O manejo no atendimento odontológico infantil torna-se fatigante quando não há cooperação por parte da criança e/ou dos responsáveis. A fim de minimizar esses quadros, quando não existe sucesso das técnicas de abordagem comportamental tradicionais, métodos terapêuticos alternativos têm sido amplamente estudados, em especial a sedação consciente com óxido nitroso associada ou não a fármacos sedativos. Objetivo: Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura norteando o cirurgião-dentista sobre o uso do óxido nitroso e sua associação a fármacos, esclarecendo suas indicações, vantagens e desvantagens. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional, entre 2004 a 2019, nas bases Bireme e PubMed, utilizando os descritores: sedação consciente, ansiedade no tratamento odontológico e óxido nitroso. Resultados: No total, 43 artigos foram incluídos nesse estudo. O óxido nitroso tem sido bastante utilizado na odontologia, especialmente na odontopediatria. Este atua no sistema nervoso, promovendo uma leve depressão do córtex cerebral e não deprime o centro respiratório, sendo considerado seguro. A técnica pode ser combinada a outros fármacos, como Midazolam e Prometazina, sendo que cada abordagem medicamentosa apresenta suas indicações e vantagens específicas. Conclusão: A sedação consciente mostra-se como um método viável, e quando bem indicada é considerada segura. Seu papel na Odontologia vem sendo consolidado com o tempo, em decorrência dos inúmeros benefícios encontrados. No entanto, ainda existe certa resistência na utilização da mesma, tanto por parte dos responsáveis como também de alguns profissionais. Descritores: Sedação Consciente; Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico; Óxido Nitroso. Referências Jain S. Sedation: A Primerfor Pediatricians. Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(6):254-58. Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Lourenço-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2018;12:1-152 Mozafar S, Bargrizan M, Golpayegani MV, Shayeghi S, Ahmadi R . Comparison of nitrous oxide/midazolam and nitrous oxide/promethazine for pediatric dental sedation: A randomized, cross-over, clinical trial. Use of nitrous oxide for pediatric patients. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2018;15(6):411-19. Johnson C, Weber-Gasparoni K, Slayton RL, Qian F. Conscious sedation attitudes and perceptions: a survey of american academy of pediatric dentistry members. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34(2):132-37. Hand D, Averley P, Lyne J, Girdler N. Advanced paediatric conscious sedation: an alternative to dental general anaesthetic in the U.K. SAAD Dig. 201;27:24-9. Holroyd I. Conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. A short review of the current UK guidelines and the technique of inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18(1):13-7. Naudi AB, Campbell C, Holt J, Hosey MT. An inhalation sedation patient profile at a specialist paediatric dentistry unit: a retrospective survey. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2006;7(2):106-9, Blumer S, Iraqui R, Bercovich R, Peretz B. Oxygen saturation and pulserate change in children during sedation with oral midazolam and nitrous oxide. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;42(6):461-64. Choi SC, Yang Y, Yoo S, Kim J, Jeong T, Shin TJ. Decelopment of a web-based nationwide Korean pediatric dental sedation registry. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(6):478-81. Wilson S, Houpt M . Project USAP 2010: use of sedative agents in pediatric dentistry- a 25- yar follow up survey. J Pediatr Dent.2016;38(2):127-33. Wilson S, Gosnell ES. Survey of American academy of pediatric dentistry on nitrous oxide and sedation: 20 years later. J Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(5):385-92. White J, Wells M, Arheart KL, Donaldson M, Woods MA. A questionnaire of parental perceptions of conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. J Pediatr. Dent. 2016;38(2):116-21. Nelson TM, Xu Z. Pediatric dental sedation: challenges and opportunities. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2015;7:97-106. Czlusniak GD, Rehbein M, Regattieri LR. Sedação consciente com oxido nitroso e oxigênio (NO2/O2): avaliação clínica pela oxime Publ. UEPG Ci Biol Saúde. 2007;13(4):23-8. Bham F, Perrie H, Scribante J, Lee CA. Paediatric dental chair sedation: An audit of current practice in Gauteng, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2015;105(6):461-64. Diedericks BJ. Paediatric dental sedation: Will your child return home unharmed? S Afr Med J. 2015;105(6):453. Wilson S, Gosnell ES. Survey of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry on Nitrous Oxide and Sedation: 20 Years Later. J Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(5):385-92. Levering NJ, Welie JVM. Current status of nitrous oxide as a behavior management practice routine in pediatric dentistry. J Dent Child (Chic). 2011;78(1):24-30. Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Lourenço-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12:3877. Hariharan S, Hosey MT, Bernabe E . Comparing the profile of child patients attending dental general anaesthesia and conscioussedation services. Br Dent J. 2017;222(9):683-87. Miranda-Remijo D, Orsini MR, Corrêa-Faria P, Costa LR. Mother-child interactions and young child behavior during procedural conscious sedation. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16(1):201. Morin A, Ocanto R, Drukteinis L, Hardigan PC . Survey of Current Clinical and Curriculum Practices of Postgraduate Pediatric Dentistry Programs in Nonintravenous Conscious Sedation in the United States. J Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(5):398-405. Woolley SM, Hingston EJ, Shah J, Chadwick BL. Paediatric conscious sedation: views and experience of specialists in paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J. 2009;207(6):280-81. Hosey MT, Makin A, Jones RM, Gilchrist F, Carruthers M. Propofol intravenous conscious sedation for anxius children in a specialist pediatric dentistry unit. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2004;14:2-8 Nathan JE .Effective and safe pediatric oral conscious sedation: philosophy and practical considerations. Alpha Omegan. 2006;99(2):78-82. Wilson S, Houpt M. Project USAP 2010: Use of Sedative Agents in Pediatric Dentistry-a 25-year Follow-up Survey. Amer Acad of Ped Dent. 2016;38(2):127-33. Paterson SA, Tahmassebi JF. Paediatric dentistry in the new millennium: 3. Use of inhalation sedation in paediatric dentistry. Dent Update. 2003;30(7):350-58. Wilson S. A survey of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry membership: nitrous oxide and sedation. Pediatr Dent. 1996;18(4):287-93. Zhong T, Hu D. Technology of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation and its clinical application in pediatric dentistry. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014;32(1):101-4. Levering NJ, Welie JVM. Ethical considerations in the use of nitrous oxide in pediatric dentistry. J Am Coll Dent;77(2):40-7 American academy of pediatric dentistry: recommendations- best practices. Reference manual. 2018;40(6):281-86. American academy of pediatric dentistry. Guideline on use of nitrous oxide for pediatric dental patients. 2011;33(6):181-84. Wilson KE. Overview of paediatric dental sedation: 2. Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation. Dent Update. 2013;40(10):822-29. Foley J. A prospective study of the use of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation for dental treatment in anxious children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2005;6(3):121-28. Paterson SA, Tahmassebi JF. Paediatric dentistry in the new millennium: 3. Use of inhalation sedation in paediatric dentistry.Dent Update. 2003;30(7):350- Veerkamp JS, Gruythuysen RJ, Van Amerongen WE, Hoogstraten J. Dental treatment of fearful children using nitrous oxide. Part 2: The parent's point of view. ASDC J Dent Child.1992;59(2):115-19. Veerkamp JS, Van Amerongen WE, Hoogstraten J, Groen HJ. Dental treatment of fearful children, using nitrous oxide. Part I: Treatment times. ASDC J Dent Child.1991;58(6): 453-457. Muller TM, Alessandretti R, Bacchi A, Tretto PHW. Eficácia e segurança da sedação consciente com óxido nitroso no tratamento pediátrico odontológico: uma revisão de estudos clínicos. J Oral Invest. 2018;7(1):88-111. Woolley SM, Hingston EJ, Shah J, Chadwick BL. Paediatric conscious sedation: views and experience of specialists in paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J. 2009;207(6):280-81. Kotz S. Withdrawal symptoms in long-term conscious sedation exposure of pediatric intensive care patients. Kinderkrankenschwester. 2012;31(8):330-32. Fuhrer CT 3rd, Weddell JA, Sanders BJ, Jones JE, Dean JA, Tomlin A.Effect on behavior of dental treatment rendered under conscious sedation and general anesthesia in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Dent. 2009;31(7):492-97. Holroyd I. Conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. A short review of the current UK guidelines and the technique of inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18(1):13-7. Alexopoulos E, Hope A, Clark SL, McHugh S, Hosey MT.A report on dental anxiety levels in children undergoing nitrous oxide inhalation sedation and propofol target controlled infusion intravenous sedation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007;8(2):82-6.