Academic literature on the topic 'Zimbabwe, Economic conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zimbabwe, Economic conditions"
1
Mupunga, Gift. "Monetary Conditions Index and Economic Activity in Dollarized Zimbabwe." International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research 15, no. 2 (December 2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.152.04.
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Purpose: Zimbabwe has experienced a chronic inflationary crisis whose roots can be traced back to 1997. Various macroeconomic instruments have been suggested to stabilize the country’s prices and foster economic growth but evidence on how they interplay to influence policy is lacking. This study developed a monetary conditions index (MCI) for Zimbabwe during the 10-year dollarization period, 2009 to 2018, and measured its correlation with economic activity. The aim of the MCI is to inform monetary policy making in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach: Using monthly time series data, the MCI series from 2009 to 2018 was calculated using real interest rates and exchange rates. The relationship between the MCI, GDP, inflation, money supply and private sector credit was analysed using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for the long-term relationship and Granger causality for the short term. Findings: Results showed MCI weights of 1:1.54 implying that exchange rates dominate the interest rate in Zimbabwe’s monetary policy. A long run relationship between the MCI and economic variables was statistically significant while short term relationships were established for private sector credit, GDP, and foreign interest rates. Research implications: The study concludes that the MCI is a useful indicator of the central bank’s monetary policy positionfor economic analysts while the central bank can also adopt it for inflation and growth targeting. Originality/value: Unlike previous research which has proffered monetary solutions based on specific variables, this study took into consideration the interplay between interest rates and exchange rates in determining economic activity in Zimbabwe. The constructed MCI captured the interplay between these two key variables and the study established its relationship with economic activity. On this basis, the study recommends the adoption of the MCI in guiding monetary policy in Zimbabwe.
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Asri, Nurul Anisa, Muhammad Nasir Badu, and Pusparida Syahdan. "Peranan United Nations Joint Program On HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Penderita HIV/AIDS Di Zimbabwe." Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v1i1.12738.
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This study aims to examine the role of UNAIDS in efforts to reduce the rate of HIV / AIDS sufferers in Zimbabwe. The research method used is qualitative with secondary data techniques in the form of books, journals, documents, and various valid sources. All data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that UNAIDS as an international organization has become an aid and channel of foreign aid to Zimbabwe in collaboration with the Zimbabwean government to reduce the level of sufferers in the country. The existence of UNAIDS in Zimbabwe has affected the reduction of HIV / AIDS sufferers. However, this collaborative effort has constraints on Zimbabwe's unfavorable economic and human resource conditions. Apart from that, the cultural factor of society which is quite difficult to accept changes in something is also an obstacle.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran UNAIDS dalam upaya penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS di Zimbabwe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data-data sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, dokumen, dan berbagai sumber valid. Seluruh data dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UNAIDS sebagai sebuah organisasi internasional menjadi bantuan dan penyalur bantuan luar negeri kepada Zimbabwe bekerja sama dengan pemerintah Zimbabwe untuk mengurangi tingkat penderita di negara tersebut. Keberadaan UNAIDS di Zimbabwe telah mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS. Namun, upaya kerjasama ini memiliki hambatan yakni kondisi perekonomian dan sumber daya manusia di Zimbabwe yang kurang baik. Selain itu faktor kebudayaan masyarakat yang cukup sulit menerima perubahan akan suatu hal juga menjadi salah satu hambatan.
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Wellington, Teya, and Kurebwa Jeffrey. "The Effectiveness of State and Non-State Actors in Combating Human Trafficking and Ensuring Safe Migration Concerns of Zimbabwean Women." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 55 (May 20, 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.55.42.52.
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This study focuses on the effectiveness of State and Non-state actors in combating human trafficking and ensuring safe migration of Zimbabwean women. The study relied on qualitative research methodology while data was gathered through primary and documentary search. Respondents were purposively selected from victims of human trafficking and organisations that deal with combating human trafficking. These included IOM, Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) Human Trafficking Desk, Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs. The study revealed that human trafficking in Zimbabwe thrives under conditions of vulnerability which are caused by various factors ranging from poverty, limited educational opportunities, poor economic conditions, gender and age. A strong relationship between Government and NGOs’ inadequate adherence to the Palermo Protocol standards and escalation of human trafficking was also exposed. Though Zimbabwean has several laws that deals with human trafficking, implementation of these laws still remains a challenge. This has contributed to the escalation of human trafficking cases from Zimbabwe to neighbouring countries, particularly South Africa.
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Chitaka, Stedy, and Jeffrey Kurebwa. "Economic-Induced Migration as a Security Threat to Regional Stability: The Case of Zimbabweans Migrating to South Africa." Research in Health Science 8, no. 3 (August 11, 2023): p14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v8n3p14.
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The purpose of this study was to understand economic-induced migration as a security threat to regional stability, with reference to Zimbabweans migrating to South Africa. The research employed qualitative research methodology, and a case study research design. Primary data was obtained from key informants, and secondary data from peer-reviewed articles, newspapers, and books. The results indicated that the causes of economic migration are economic hardships, unemployment, extreme poverty, and seeking better living conditions exacerbated by the nose-diving economy. The effects of economic migration on regional stability indicated that the hostility between the South Africans and the Zimbabwean immigrants was fueled by the scarcity of resources leading to harsh reactions such as xenophobia, discrimination, organized crimes, human exploitation, and human insecurity hindering Southern Africa’s longstanding vision to have a united, peaceful and regional integration. The study concluded that there is a need for the sensitization of both the host and the migrants on the importance of coexisting peacefully; Zimbabwe needs to make economic reforms that attract potential investors and rebuild the collapsing economy. Therefore the study recommends that there is a need for the Government of Zimbabwe to revive its economy to curb economic migration.
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Dzinoreva, Tendai, George Mavunga, and Logan Govender. "Towards a context-relevant, institution-based ICT integration model of teacher education curriculum at diploma level in Zimbabwe." African Journal of Teacher Education 12, no. 2 (July 19, 2023): 162–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v12i2.7511.
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21st Century requirements for teaching and learning, driven by ICT advancements have opened doors for the development of models to guide and enhance ICT integration. Some countries have adopted international models and others have adapted them to suit their own environments. Zimbabwe still remains silent on what model it is using as there is no clear framework (policy related to ICT in education). In this paper, the authors focus on the Zimbabwean teacher education landscape in the absence of neither a distinct localised model nor an international one. Using literature review, document analysis and reviews of a proposed model, by six teacher educators from three secondary school teacher education colleges in Zimbabwe (carried out through semi structured interviews) this paper seeks to propose a framework for the integration of ICTs in teacher education curriculum. Drawing from literature around the Zimbabwean ICT landscape and its ICT policy framework, models proposed in the broader African and global contexts, we argue for a context-relevant and institution-based model of ICT integration for the teacher education curriculum in Zimbabwe. This proposed model privileges the localised contextual issues and takes a critical view of models which assume similarity of conditions across countries and institutions. Moreover, the model has relevance for ICT integration in the teacher education programmes of countries facing political and socio-economic challenges similar to those which Zimbabwe is facing.
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Mugodzwa, Davidson Mabweazara. "Black Economic Empowerment, Employment Creation and Resilience: The Economic and Social Contribution of Lennox Mine to the Development of Zimbabwe, 1970-2016." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n3.p6.
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<div><p><em>This research sets out to unravel the history of Lennox Mine from its inception in 1970 tracing the contribution of the mine to the economic development of Zimbabwe from its colonial beginnings up to the current period when the new visionary owner, Honourable Gandiwa Moyo, Deputy Minister of Mines who inherited a dysfunctional mining enterprise set it on course again as a pillar for economic production, under the erstwhile management of the Lennox General Mine Manager, Edgar Mashindi. The research seeks to explore how the mine management, operating under harsh economic conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe has empowered African entrepreneurs and employees and resuscitated life to the dying town of Mashava. Mashava is back on its former footing as a lively booming bedroom town of Masvingo City, forty kilometres away: supermarkets, bars, salons, housing projects, new shops are sprouting up once again as Mashava claims its proud place as a gold producing enclave of the Zimbabwean economy. Hundreds of unemployed youths from all over Zimbabwe have descended on Mashava, seeking employment and investment opportunities resulting in an unprecedented economic boom which is being felt country wide. Only recently hordes of flea female market traders opened shop at Mashava to sell clothes, shoes, household furniture and related paraphernalia to local residents and they reported that business was excellent and confirmed business plans to return every month end to sell their wares. A few years back Mashava was an abandoned mining town with all services shut down after the Capitalist oligarchic organization which owned Mashava ceased all operations and expropriated capital to Australia and Europe and started out new commercial ventures in those respective European countries. The Zimbabwean Electricity Supply Association [ZESA] shut down electricity supplies to Lennox Mine after the mine incurred a debt of close to a quarter of a million. Today, Lennox has agreed on a payment plan and electricity has been reopened triggering high gold productivity as the mine returns to its normal production levels.</em></p></div>
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Mutengezanwa, Margaret, Fungai N. Mauchi, Kosmas Njanike, Joseph Matanga, and Rumbidzai N. Gopo. "THE POSSIBILITY OF REINTRODUCING THE ZIMBABWEAN DOLLAR." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 02, no. 06 (July 14, 2012): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20120206a01.
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The research was conducted to assess the possibility of reintroducing the Zimbabwean dollar. A descriptive research design was used in which data was collected from a sample of 183 respondents using questionnaires and interviews. This research found out that the current multicurrency regime has proved effective in that it has stabilized macroeconomic conditions, reduced inflation significantly and has provided a foundation for the resumption of economic growth. It was concluded that Zimbabwe was not yet ready to reintroduce the Zimbabwean dollar as there was need for commitment by the monetary authorities to maintain price stability, stem hyperinflation as well as guarantee the independence of monetary authorities.
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Matenda, Frank Ranganai, Mabutho Sibanda, Eriyoti Chikodza, and Victor Gumbo. "Corporate Loan Recovery Rates under Downturn Conditions in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Zimbabwe." Risks 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks10100198.
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In this study, we design stepwise ordinary least squares regression models using various amalgamations of firm features, loan characteristics and macroeconomic variables to forecast workout recovery rates for defaulted bank loans for private non-financial corporates under downturn conditions in Zimbabwe. Our principal aim is to identify and interpret the determinants of recovery rates for private firm defaulted bank loans. For suitability and efficacy purposes, we adopt a unique real-life data set of defaulted bank loans for private non-financial firms pooled from a major anonymous Zimbabwean commercial bank. Our empirical results show that the firm size, the collateral value, the exposure at default, the earnings before interest and tax/total assets ratio, the length of the workout process, the total debt/total assets ratio, the ratio of (current assets–current liabilities)/total assets, the inflation rate, the interest rate and the real gross domestic product growth rate are the significant determinants of RRs for Zimbabwean private non-financial firm bank loans. We reveal that accounting information is useful in examining recovery rates for defaulted bank loans for private corporations under distressed financial and economic conditions. Moreover, we discover that the prediction results of recovery rate models are augmented by fusing firm features and loan characteristics with macroeconomic factors.
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Gwanzura, Charles. "Unpacking the 2008 Zimbabwe Election Crisis: Analyzing Root Causes and Political Dynamics." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. VI (2024): 2102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.806157.
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The 2008 election crisis in Zimbabwe marked a significant turning point in the nation’s political landscape, characterized by widespread violence, allegations of electoral fraud, and severe socio-economic repercussions. This article aims to unpack the multifaceted dimensions of the crisis by analyzing its root causes and the intricate political dynamics at play. Through a comprehensive examination of historical antecedents, governance issues, and economic factors, this study delves into the systemic failures and power struggles that precipitated the crisis. The analysis highlights the role of key political actors, the impact of international interventions, and the socio-economic conditions that fueled public discontent. By dissecting the interplay between these elements, the article provides a nuanced understanding of the 2008 election crisis, offering insights into the broader implications for Zimbabwe’s political stability and democratic processes. This study not only sheds light on the complexities of the crisis but also contributes to the discourse on electoral integrity and governance in fragile states.
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Mutandwa, Hudson, and Tawanda Zinyama. "An Analysis of the Potential Use of Public-Private Partnerships in Water Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe: The Case of Harare City Council." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i1.7366.
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The study was carried out to analyse the potential use of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in water infrastructural development in Harare City Council, Zimbabwe. PPPs play a pivotal role in water infrastructural development if fully implemented. Zimbabwe’s rate of uptake is low. There are preconditions that are necessary for successful implementation of PPPs inter alia political will (commitment) legal, institutional and political frameworks. Key informant interviews and documentary search were employed to gather data. The study established that Zimbabwe does not have the preconditions necessary for successful implementation of PPPs and this confirms the thesis. The main challenges include lack of legal and institutional framework, lack of political will, unconducive socio-economic environment. Zimbabwe’s water infrastructure is ramshackle. This is compounded by lack of fiscal space on the part of government to rehabilitate the infrastructure. PPPs could be a viable alternative to infrastructural development with the right environmental conditions. The study recommends that the government should quickly enact a PPP legal framework that enables the establishment of a PPP unit within the Ministry of Finance and this should be followed by an Act of Parliament which should institutionalize PPPs. The Government should promote a conducive investment climate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zimbabwe, Economic conditions"
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Nyathi, Trezah. "An analysis of the implementation of the Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2900.
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The anchor of this research was to analyze the implementation process of Zimbabwe’s IEEP. Implementation of policy has been the Achilles heel of most African countries it has been proven that it is a disease of the continents. In this research the focus is on analyzing what happened between the tabled idea and the implemented policy, this is because the implemented policy had a tremendous contradictory impact to the world as it disempowered the investors in an attempt to economically empower its citizens. The tabled idea was great it had its own flows because it lacked clarity in some of its definition and the goals, objectives and how the policy were to be implemented are not clear there is basically lack of clarity pertaining to the policy. This study made use of two theories the Top- down approach and the politics and administration dichotomy, these two theories are in favour of an autocratic way of policy implementation which follows a chain of command. These two theories highlighted that administrators are being covered be politicians and that administration as a practice and discipline are dead. This has lead to policies being made implemented first before they are formulated because there are no administrators. This study reviewed that the implementation process of the IEEP is not clear or rather it does not exist; there is little or no transparency on the events that took place between the tabled idea and the implemented policy.
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Mugano, Gift. "The impact of liberalisation on Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020198.
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The process of trade liberalisation and market-oriented economic reforms was initiated in many developing countries in early 1980s; and it intensified in 1990s. In 1991, Zimbabwe was assisted by the IMF to implement trade-policy reforms under Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP). After adopting ESAP, the country witnessed soaring balance-of-payment problems, contraction of output, unemployment and the loss of government revenue. A number of factors, which were at play resulted in dismal economic performance under ESAP. These factors still exist, in addition to inter alia weak economic policies, structural rigidities and weak institutions. However, notwithstanding this controversy, the country continuously opened its economy under Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), World Trade Organisation (WTO), Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) and bilateral agreements. It is against this background that this study is undertaken, in order to evaluate the impact of different trade-policy regimes on trade, welfare and revenue in Zimbabwe. This study used two models: World Integrated Trade Solutions/Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (WITS/SMART) and Tariff Reform Impact Simulation Tool (TRIST). The WITS/SMART model was used because of its ability in analysing the tariff effect of a single market on disaggregated product lines. The model also has the capability to analyse the effects of trade-policy reforms in the presence of imperfect substitutes. In order to complement the WITS/SMART model, a TRIST model was also used. The use of the TRIST model enabled the study to evaluate the impact of trade reforms on VAT, excise duties, collected and statutory revenue – which the WITS/SMART model had overlooked. Using the WITS/SMART model, the study considered seven trade-liberalisation frameworks for Zimbabwe: full implementation of the SADC free trade agreement (FTA), SADC common external tariff (CET), COMESA CET, COMESA FTA, EPAs, BFTAs and WTO FTA.
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Munyanyi, Rachael Mationesa. "The political economy of food aid: a case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8972_1182748616.
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The food security crisis which gripped the sub Sahara Africa after the drought in 1999/2000 threatened development initiatives in these countries. Zimbabwe&rsquo
s situation has since worsened and the country has failed to recuperate from the food problems, even after an improvement in the climatic conditions. International and local food aid activities then became a priority in the fight to sustain the right to food for the affected regions. It is argued in this research that if food aid is distributed on the basis of need it will enable the vulnerable populations recuperate form food insecurity problems. It is also postulated that if well implemented, food aid programmes are also able to play the dual role of averting starvation and leading to long term development. This thesis departs from the allegations of food aid politicisation in Zimbabwe.
Using the rational choice and neopatrimonial theories of individual behaviour, this research endeavored to ascertain whether political decisions influenced the government food aid distributions which were conducted through the Grain Marketing Board. In line with these theories, it is argued in this study that politicians behave in a manner that maximizes the fulfillment of their individual needs rather than the needs of the people who vote them in positions of power.
A qualitative approach was adopted in this study and data was gathered through household interviews in the Seke and Goromonzi districts of the Mashonaland East province in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with food aid experts from the governmental and non governmental organisations dealing with food security issues in Zimbabwe.
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Moyo, Admire. "The effects of hyperinflation on the Zimbabwean construction industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1197.
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Less than two decades ago, Zimbabwe was a symbol for the rest of the world of what Africa could become (Dell, 2005). DiSilvio (2007) contends that independent Zimbabwe was an economic success on route to attaining status of the most “developed country” in Africa. Contrary to expectations, by 2003 the Zimbabwean economy was shrinking faster than any other economy in the world at 18 percent per year (Richardson, 2005). Reports indicate that the Zimbabwean economy is in crisis and has since been set back by more than 50 years (Matikinye, 2005). This phenomenon necessitated the need for an investigation to ascertain its cause in Zimbabwe. As a result, the research identifies and presents hyperinflation as the root cause of the crisis in Zimbabwe and illustrates the validity of this assertion with a focus on the Zimbabwean construction industry. As part of the research inquiry, a review of related literature was conducted. The literature review illustrated the generic effects of hyperinflation as well as the effects of this phenomenon in action in Zimbabwe. The literature study was followed by a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 23 contractors and 7 clients from a census of contractors and clients in Zimbabwe. The questionnaire consisted of a number of variables, which the respondents were asked to rate vis-à-vis the effects of hyperinflation in the construction industry. In summary, the questionnaire sought to determine the causes of hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, its specific effects on the construction industry and how respondents thought the phenomenon could be mitigated so as to revive the Zimbabwean construction industry. The techniques of re-scaling, in conjunction with descriptive and inferential statistics, ranking and quadrant analysis were applied to the data. Results from these analyses revealed a high degree of agreement among respondents vis-à-vis the effects of hyperinflation on the Zimbabwean construction industry. The interpretation of the results further revealed that hyperinflation has undoubtedly led to the collapse of the Zimbabwean construction industry. In conclusion, the research, applying the interpretations of v the survey findings, prescribes a number of ways in which the Zimbabwean construction sector may be resurrected. Among the recommended prescriptions, there are a number of debatable issues that arise that the researcher proposes should be subject to future study.
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Makuzva, Washington. "Tourists' perspectives of a tourism product in a selected Zimbabwean town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2847.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.A well-packaged tourism product is the deciding factor in the choice of tourists about which destination to visit. A tourism product can be bundled with many tourism elements such as accommodation, attractions, activities and tours, price, image and climate. The tourism elements that build up a tourism product are the principle factors that contribute to the decision to choose one destination over another destination. Tourists can put a number of tourism products on the table, based on their needs and wants. However, they opt for one tourism product that promises to satisfy their demands. Destinations that offer unique tourism products are the most successful in a competitive industry since tourists will visit such destinations to fulfil their needs. However, even though some destinations like Victoria Falls offer unique tourism products, it is important to understand the nature and trends of tourists visiting this destination and their perceptions of the tourism product. This will assist in planning how to address any areas of concern as well as maintaining areas that are performing well. Limited research exists on tourist perspectives of the Victoria Falls tourism product and hence this is the focus of the current research. It will help in broadening the knowledge of the relevant tourism bodies in Zimbabwe on how tourists view the tourism product, as well as aiding sustainable development and growth of the tourism product. This study followed a quantitative methodology design. The interviewer administered 377 questionnaires on face-to-face basis to tourists on a voluntary participation basis. Systematic sampling was used to collect the data.Key findings indicate that despite the increasing number of females visiting this destination, males still dominate the tourist numbers. The majority of tourists fell within the age bracket of 21-50 years. The findings further show that availability of attractions, price of the tourism product, and accessibility of the destination play a paramount role in influencing tourists to visit the destination. Most tourists’ expectations were met and they would visit again in future and recommend the destination to friends and relatives. The most satisfactory results were noted on the attractions, activities, tours, and tourist accommodation. Despite these positive results, tourists felt that prices of accommodation, activities, tours, as well as dining, was too high. Furthermore, too many police roadblocks and unnecessary fines were noted as being detrimental to the tourism product. The researcher noted all concerns and made recommendations to overcome these negative aspects. The experience of tourists at a destination is strongly associated with an amalgamation of different elements of a tourism product. It is crucial to understand the performance of each tourism element as this contributes significantly to the success of the tourism product. The results of this study will afford the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority and Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority an understanding of the Victoria Falls tourism product from a tourist perspective. These entities will be able to improve the product, make it more attractive to tourists, and hence grow future visitor numbers. In addition, the results of this study create a baseline for future research. Monitoring of tourist perspectives over time and an evaluation and assessment of the tourist demands can be done, which will help in the modification and upgrading of the tourism product to match the demands of the consumers (tourists).
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Nzima, Divane. "The developmental role of migrant worker remittances: A case study of Tsholotsho District in the Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015360.
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Migrant remittances have been cited as one of the most rising forms of development financing. Migration-development scholarly debates have often made comparisons between migrant remittances and some of the most popular forms of development financing such as development aid. The development-migration debates have often contended that migrant remittances are fast growing and surpassing the popular forms of development financing. This study sought to examine the developmental role of migrant remittances in the rural district of Tsholotsho in Zimbabwe. Given that there are millions of Zimbabwean migrants working in South Africa, the study sought to examine the possible use of migrant remittances in the creation of sustainable livelihoods. In addition, the study focused on examining the skills and opportunities that are necessary in the creation of an enabling environment for investment as well as assessing the multiplier effect that result from the inflow of migrant remittances within the local economy. The study followed a mixed methods methodological approach wherein a quantitative survey and qualitative in-depth interviews were used to gather data. The findings of this study revealed that migrant remittances are central in the livelihoods of poor people in Tsholotsho and they have potential to create sustainable livelihoods. While skills and opportunities to drive entrepreneurial activity exist, there is need to deal with structural barriers in order to create an enabling environment for the creation of sustainable livelihoods through savings and investment. The study recommends the prioritization of education, improved access to the credit system and the development of cooperatives. These could assist in achieving sustainable livelihoods through migrant remittances.
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Nkomana, Nqaba. "Good governance and democracy as political conditionalities for foreign aid: the case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study was an investigation of the relationship between political conditionality and self-determination using Zimbabwe as a case study. The Zimbabwean land issue illustrates the challenges posed by external influences on supposedly autonomous domestic policy decision-making processes.
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Kavila, William. "A dynamic analysis of the influence of monetary policy on the general price level in Zimbabwe under periods of hyperinflation and dollarisation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3889.
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This thesis analyses the influence of monetary policy on the general price level in Zimbabwe during periods of hyperinflation and dollarisation. The first part of the analysis covers the period January 2006 to July 2008 when the country experienced high inflation and ultimately hyperinflation. The second part covers the period 2009 to 2012, when the country adopted the multi-currency system and became fully dollarised. In terms of motivation, the study firstly sought to empirically examine the factors that led to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to the influence of monetary policy. Secondly, the thesis sought to determine the major factors that influenced price formation in a dollarised Zimbabwean economy; a completely new macro-economic environment. A significant development in this new macro-economic environment was the loss of monetary policy autonomy of the central bank, which also contributed to the relevance of the study. This thesis makes two contributions. The first contribution is the finding that hyperinflation in Zimbabwe was caused by expansionary monetary policy as a result of the activities of an unrestrained and unaccountable central bank. The second contribution was the empirical finding that in the fully dollarised economy inflation is largely determined by external factors. This implies that the domestic economy has no control over domestic inflation developments and as such, Zimbabwean authorities should formulate appropriate economic policies to respond to the impact of external shocks on domestic price formation when the need arises. The role of monetary policy in Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation episode is assessed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the Error Correction Model (ECM) approaches with monthly data from January 2006 to July 2008. The impact of monetary policy on hyperinflation is captured by the coefficient of broad money supply and the interest rate. Results indicate that hyperinflation was caused by expansionary monetary policy, the exchange rate premium and inflation expectations for both the short and long term. Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation episode which peaked during the period 2007 to 2008 brings to the fore the importance of ensuring that the central bank is independent in executing its mandate of influencing the monetary policy process in a manner that ensures price stability. The ARDL and ECM approaches are also used to explore the dynamics of inflation in the dollarised Zimbabwean economy, with monthly data from January 2009 to December 2012. The main drivers of inflation under the multi-currency system were found to be the United States of America dollar/South African rand exchange rate, international oil prices, inflation expectations and the South African inflation rate. The findings contrast with the hyperinflationary era, where empirical studies have cited excessive money supply growth as the major driver of inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe. The results also suggest a higher exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices, consistent with empirical literature which postulates that inflation in dollarised economies is largely explained by movements in the exchange rate of major trading partners and international prices. The policy implication from the analysis is the need for policy makers to aggressively promote policies that ensure increased productivity of the economy. An improvement in productivity would influence the relative prices of tradable and non-tradable goods and ultimately the general price level in the economy. The study also quantified the independence of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) using the Mathew (2006), “new index for institutional quality” and the results showed that the RBZ is not an independent central bank. The central bank is found to have a low index of central bank independence (CBI), against a high level of inflation. While this relationship does not imply causality it can be inferred that the lack of independence of the RBZ could have influenced inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe. Only a subordinated central bank can be compelled to engage in inflationary deficit financing and also fund quasi-fiscal activities. The provisions of the RBZ Act [Chapter 22:15] in their current form make the central bank an appendage of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development and this has, to a large extent, resulted in conflict between the political goals of government and the central bank’s primary objective of achieving price stability. In the event that Zimbabwe reintroduces its own currency in future, the achievement of the primary goal of price stability by the central bank will only be realised if the apex bank is given more autonomy.
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Bure, Makomborero. "The influence of internal controls on small business sustainability in the Harare central business district, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2807.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of internal controls on sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Harare’s Central Business District (CBD), Zimbabwe. The question at the core of this research is: to what extent do internal controls influence the sustainability of SMEs in Harare’s Central Business District, Zimbabwe. SMEs are perceived to be of paramount importance for the economic affluence of countries the world over, mainly because of their pronounced benefaction and contribution to livelihoods of the dwellers of a country and the gross domestic product (GDP). SMEs have been credited for playing a leading role when it comes to innovation, significant export revenue, custom-suited goods, services provision to society, employment opportunities, and social contribution. This can also be attributed to SMEs operating in Zimbabwe despite the volatility of the Zimbabwean economy. The Zimbabwean business environment, in general, is constantly changing. The changes can be attributed to an eruptive economic environment and unstable political atmosphere. The resultant effect is the departure of larger businesses and investors from the country. Generally, this leaves a great opportunity for SMEs not to be subjected to stiff competition from larger businesses. SMEs are indeed enjoying this space, braving the conditions to start up; however, their operations are short-lived. For SMEs to brave the fortuity of such an unpredictable environment, a system of internal controls must be in place. Research has placed emphasis on internal controls and sustainability of large organisations, while little to no attention has been given to SMEs. The little research on internal controls and sustainability in the context of SMEs has mostly been done in developed countries. Despite this, internal controls and sustainability have not been extensively implemented in the context of developing countries. The need to determine the influence of internal controls on sustainability of SMEs underlines this research. This report adopted a positivist philosophy that entailed utilizing a survey questionnaire to collect data from 150 SMEs operating in Harare’s CBD, Zimbabwe. The sample was further split into Active SMEs and Dormant SMEs (the control group). Data were analysed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 to spawn statistical and descriptive results. To determine reliability of data, Cronbach’s alpha value was employed. The results indicate SMEs are not implementing controls as they ought to and those SMEs that have controls in place do not ensure that they are adhered to effectively and efficiently in order for them to achieve their desired objectives.
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Knight, Kayla Christine. "Development NGOs : understanding participatory methods, accountability and effectiveness of World Vision in Zimbabwe with specific reference to Umzingwane District." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013135.
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Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) have occupied a prominent role in the development of rural Zimbabwe since the time of its independence in 1980. NGO work in Zimbabwe currently takes place within the context of a tense and fluid political climate, an economy struggling to recover from crisis, international skepticism toward long-term donor investment in development, and global expectations about the methodologies and accountability measures carried out in intervention-based development work. In the light of the participatory methodologies and empowerment-based development frameworks that dominate the current global expectations for work within the NGO sector, this thesis focuses on the work of one particular NGO working in Zimbabwe, namely, World Vision. The main objective of the thesis is to understand and explain the participatory methods, accountability and effectiveness of World Vision in Zimbabwe (with particular reference to Umzingwane District) and, in doing so, to deepen the theoretical understanding of NGOs as constituting a particular organizational form. World Vision is a large-scale international NGO that has a pronounced presence in Zimbabwe and it is specifically active in Umzingwane District in Matabeleland South Province. The thesis argues that NGOs exist within a complex and tense condition entailing continuous responses to pressures from donors and states that structure their survival. Ultimately, in maneuvering through such pressures, NGOs tend to choose directions which best enable their own sustainability, often at the cost of the deep participatory forms that may heighten the legitimacy of their roles. World Vision Zimbabwe responds to donor trends, national and local expectations of the state and its own organizational expectations by building local government capacity in order to maintain the longevity and measureable outputs of its projects. In doing so, it redefines the concept of participation in pursuing efficient and practical approaches to ‘getting things done’. This compromises deep participatory methodologies and, in essence, alters the practices involved in participatory forms in order to maintain World Vision’s own organizational sustainability and presence in Zimbabwe.
Books on the topic "Zimbabwe, Economic conditions"
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Bolnick, Bruce. Zimbabwe economic performance assessment. Harare]: Nathan Associates, 2007.
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Fund, International Monetary, ed. Zimbabwe, statistical appendix. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 2002.
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Pochon, Jean-François. Zimbabwe, une économie assiégée. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1995.
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Lee, Robert Alexander. Structural adjustment in Zimbabwe. Harare, Zimbabwe: F.K. Chung, 2000.
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1950-, Baynham Simon, ed. Zimbabwe in transition. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1992.
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Mwanaka, Tendai R. Zimbabwe: The blame game. Mankon, Bamenda [Cameroon]: Langaa Research and Publishing CIG, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Zimbabwe, Economic conditions"
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Gory, Djénéba, Jayanti Bhatia, and Venkatesh Reddy Mallapu Reddy. "From Content Knowledge to Competencies and Exams to Exit Profiles: Education Reform in Zimbabwe." In Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms, 145–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_7.
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Abstract For over two decades, Zimbabwe has been embroiled within a complex web of economic, political, and financial challenges. In 2013, the country embarked on an ambitious journey of overhauling its education system by moving from content knowledge to a competency-based curriculum. The theory of change, in particular, was that, if the curriculum is entirely overhauled from outdated knowledge-based to twenty-first-century skills and competencies, then in the long-term, students would ultimately be able to meet the economy and labor market demands. The reform was phased from 2015 to 2022 and at the time of writing is in its last leg of implementation; there is much to appreciate and learn from the progress thus far. The chapter begins with an overview of the country’s education system and conditions that shaped the reform, followed by a more detailed description of the reform. It then analyzes the reform stages through Reimers’ five perspectives of educational change (Reimers, Educating students to improve the world. Springer, Singapore, 2020), and concludes by presenting the results and challenges at the time of writing. The success of such reform requires a systemic collaboration and stable conditions, and at this stage, it remains to be seen, which direction the reform takes.
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Rötter, Reimund P., Mandla Nkomo, Johannes Meyer zu Drewer, and Maik Veste. "Agricultural Land-Use Systems and Management Challenges." In Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change, 551–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_20.
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AbstractThis chapter aims at providing an overview of the diversity of agroecological conditions, features of main farming systems, agricultural land use, its dynamics and drivers during the last two decades as well as major threats in ten countries of southern Africa (SA10). Based on this, we attempt to identify the resultant challenges for sustainable land management and outline potential interventions with a focus on smallholder farmers. By analyzing cropland dynamics during 2000–2019, we show how land use has been shaped by climate, demographic development, economic imperatives and policy realities. Concrete examples of these complex interactions illustrate both considerable shrinkage in South Africa and Zimbabwe or expansion of cropland in Mozambique and Zambia. During the past 20 years, cropland increased by 37% on average across SA10 mainly at the expense of forestland—showing huge spatiotemporal heterogeneity among countries. Most smallholders face shrinking farm size and other resource limitations that have resulted in soil nutrient mining and low agricultural productivity—a highly unsustainable situation. We conclude with an outlook on potential transformation pathways (“TechnoGarden” and “AdaptiveMosaic”) for the near future and thereby provide a frame for further studies on sustainable land management options under given local settings.
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Mazhindu, Elias. "Political Economy of Peri-urban Transformations in Conditions of Neoliberalism in Zimbabwe." In SpringerBriefs in Geography, 13–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34231-3_2.
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Klug, Heinz. "The Political Economy of Post-colonial Constitutionalism in Southern Africa." In Constitutionalism and the Economy in Africa, 188—C7.P177. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192886439.003.0009.
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Abstract This chapter explores the political economy of four southern African nations to understand whether specific features of their constitutions might explain the conditions for achieving the goals of democracy and economic development set out in their constitutions. Asking what might be required to fulfil the promise of post-colonial constitutionalism in southern Africa, the chapter engages in a comparative analysis of the historical conditions shaping the constitutional political economy of each of the four case studies: Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Considering the salient features of these nations’ constitutions identified by theories of constitutional political economy, from their electoral systems to their forms of government, the chapter focuses on the constitutional status of property and the history of land reform in each of the cases. Thus, while conducting a general comparative analysis of the relationship between the economic constitution and governance in southern Africa, this chapter places specific emphasis on the significance of property rights and tenure relations to constitutionalism in the region.
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Chirisa, Innocent, Gift Mhlanga, Abraham Rajab Matamanda, and Roselin Ncube. "Education and Knowledge Under the Impact of Economic Stress." In Developing Knowledge Societies for Distinct Country Contexts, 180–205. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8873-3.ch008.
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This chapter intends to have answer the questions: How did Ian Smith structure his government and economy and survive sanctions for sixteen years (1965-1979) and become innovative? Why, under almost similar conditions, did Robert Mugabe fail to bring the economy do its toes? In cases, what was the role of knowledge societies and what role did they play to bridge the gap between society and them towards meaningful development? The study uses desktop review as the basis of getting data and information useful in building this theoretical case study of Zimbabwe in the period 1965 to 2018. The robustness of an economy under a stringent economic environment is a function of its ability to tap and harness the prowess of its knowledge societies. It is recommended that strong links between the private, public, and knowledge sectors are required and this must happen in an environment with trust, transparency, accountability, rule of law, and commitment translating into a powerful connubio for transformation.
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Chirisa, Innocent, Liaison Mukarwi, and Abraham Rajab Matamanda. "Social Costs and Benefits of the Transformation of the Traditional Families in an African Urban Society." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 179–97. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2659-9.ch009.
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This chapter analysed the social costs and benefits of changing lifestyles and livelihoods adopted by the families in Africa to fit in the obtaining urban environments. The transformation is in a way to minimise the cost and maximise the benefits of urbanism. The net overall effect of the transformation has been increasing household poverty signified by poor incomes, family instability, increased nucleation of families and disbanding of family rural ties for the city. In most cases, this means increased vulnerability and insecurity of the traditional family. How then do the urbanised traditional families cope with city pressures? The study draws cases from South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Egypt these being countries where urbanisation levels are in critical variation due to varying circumstances including the removal of apartheid restrictions, armed conflict, economic instability, population explosion, existence of pristine conditions, possibility of overurbanisation and proclivity to maintaining tradition, respectively.
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Chambati, Walter. "Land Alienation, Proletarianization, and Changing Labor Market Regimes in Southern Africa." In The Oxford Handbook of Land Politics, C4S1—C4N12. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197618646.013.4.
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Abstract The nature and extent of the rural proletarianization of the peasantry in (Southern) Africa arising from uneven colonial land alienation and structural adjustment programs instigated economic crises, and whether farm and nonfarm activities constitute a continuum in the labor process of the peasantry remains an unresolved question. The labor relations are to a large extent shaped by the degree of access to land, and are thus modified by processes of land alienation or the extension of access through land redistribution. Drawing from secondary literature and primary data marshaled on the recent land reform experiences in Zimbabwe, the chapter demonstrates that peasant forms of production prevail despite the challenges rooted in neoliberal reforms. Taking this stand, the chapter challenges the dominant perspectives that generally perceive a post-peasant society evolving from colonial and postcolonial land alienation and adverse agrarian conditions. Today, as urban-based social reproduction strategies continue to falter, repeasantization and semi-proletarianization, which maintain the significance of land, represent the overarching tendencies in rural areas.
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Kamuti, Tariro. "Agroforestry as a Small Landholder’s Tool for Climate Change Resilience and Mitigation in Zimbabwe." In Agroforestry - Small Landholder’s Tool for Climate Change Resiliency and Mitigation. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97827.
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Zimbabwe’s agro-based economy is dominated by the country’s majority population who live in rural areas and practice smallholder agriculture. While ameliorating the condition of the participant households, current practices of smallholder agriculture have caused challenges to the governance of land, water and forest resources. Massive deforestation has proceeded at an alarmingly high level, in a way that has threatened the long-term viability of smallholder agriculture and the sustainability of natural forest resources. So, smallholder agriculture has driven forest landscape changes that pose inherent environmental challenges including climate change. This chapter blends institutional and landscape approaches to explain how the integration of agroforestry, as a livelihood strategy, can be a tool for climate change resilience and mitigation in Zimbabwe. Drawing on documentary evidence, the chapter concludes that alternative institutional and livelihood initiatives anchored on agroforestry can transform smallholder agriculture and lead to climate change resilience and mitigation.
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Dzingirai, Mufaro, and Rodgers Ndava. "Resilient Entrepreneurial Strategies Adopted by Zimbabwean Small and Medium Enterprises During Economic Crisis." In Cases on Small Business Economics and Development During Economic Crises, 119–38. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7657-1.ch006.
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Resilient entrepreneurial strategy is a concept of great importance as it captures how entrepreneurs can ensure business sustainability in the face of harsh economic conditions of a market. In the wake of the economic crisis induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not surprising to observe that scholars and practitioners are shifting their attention towards entrepreneurial resilience especially in the context of SMEs. With this in mind, this chapter focuses on the resilient entrepreneurial strategies adopted by Zimbabwean SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study established five strategies, namely strategic alliance, product differentiation, cost containment, innovation, and product differentiation. It is, therefore, recommended that SMEs should harness online technology and constantly re-evaluate entrepreneurial strategies in order to augment their agility to shocks emanating from the business environment.
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Bvochora, Kudzanai, and Bernard Kusena. "The Political Economy of Land and Urban Development." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 343–59. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4165-3.ch019.
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Many urban areas which have sprouted around the world owe their economic and social origins in growth points and market centers. Situated about 15 kilometers south-east of Harare, Epworth became one of Zimbabwe's largest peri-urban settlements due to the combined effect of demographic, political, and socioeconomic factors, among others. This chapter interrogates the various forces behind this unprecedented population growth. It demonstrates the relationship between Epworth's ballooning population and the various pull and push factors of urbanization. For example, immigration contributed immensely to this rise, although natural increase in births also contributed fairly significantly. This chapter examines the impact of population dynamics and other variables that were linked to the rapid expansion of Epworth on the overall development processes, arguing that economic and social infrastructure became conditioned by such dynamics.