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1
Ojakorotu, Victor, and Rumbidzai Kamidza. "Look East Policy: The Case of Zimbabwe–China Political and Economic Relations Since 2000." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 74, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928417749642.
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This article maps the evolution of Zimbabwe’s Look East Policy (LEP) and specifically the bilateral relationship with China through the lens of Zimbabwe’s domestic politics. It argues that political elite in Zimbabwe has a vested interest in a close economic and political relationship with China at the cost of the interests of the people of Zimbabwe. The author establishes that Zimbabwe’s LEP was intended to respond to the economic sanctions imposed on it by Western nations. From the descriptive account of the LEP provided in the article, it appears that the LEP has been successful in doing that by having a broad-based economic and political relationship with China. The author further critiques the impact of Chinese investment in Zimbabwe as detrimental to the interests of the people. Foreign policy is an instrument that governs and protects the interests of governments, nationals, institutions, organisations and entities within the lenses of bilateral relations between the countries concerned. The Zimbabwe–China relations point to the fact that the latter China is politically and economically committed to engage and develop the former. However, at the heart of commitment and development in Zimbabwe lies questions of interests and the nature of the relationship which is affecting development and commitment to take place. Hence, this article argues that the failure of Zimbabwe to yield satisfying results from the bilateral relations lies mostly on the political and economic weaknesses of the Zimbabwean government and leadership. The fact that the LEP is not formally and publicly developed and disseminated to key stakeholders and the general public and that it remains largely an oral secret public policy statement affects the interests of Zimbabwean economy and interested stakeholders. This also reflects a weak foreign policy directive. As long as Zimbabwe continues to deny to engage with other superpowers and global institutions, the LEP will remain doomed as China will continue to manipulate and exploit the relationship knowingly that Zimbabwe has no other friends and partners for development and cooperation.
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Mpofu, Raphael Tabani. "Dollarization and economic development in Zimbabwe: An interrupted time-series analysis." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 4 (2015): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i4art4.
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This paper examines the impact of dollarization on the performance of the Zimbabwean economy from 2003 to 2014 using an interrupted time-series analysis. In Zimbabwe’s case, dollarization was the official replacement of the Zimbabwean dollar with the U.S. dollar. Rapid dollarization in the economy was accelerated by the exogenous shock caused by the injection of cash dollars into the Zimbabwean economy, mostly from international transfers. Since the official adoption of dollarization, Zimbabwe is largely a cash-based economy, with a huge amount of U.S. dollars that are in circulation outside the banking system. A hands-off approach to currency management has served Zimbabwe well since 2009, but a number of risks are beginning to emerge as the economy has slowly regenerated itself and the need for large capital injections has increased. Macroeconomic data obtained from the World Bank and from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe’s Monthly Economic Review is analysed. According to the tests conducted, it was found that dollarization did introduce some macroeconomic stability in Zimbabwe although a few key macroeconomic variables showed a sustained improvement. Statistical analysis shows that increased dollarization had positively affected reversed the spiralling effects of hyperinflation that were prevalent prior to 2009, although inflationary pressures still continued, albeit at a slower pace. This research has implications not just for Zimbabwean policy makers as they grapple with decisions pertaining to re-adoption of a local currency and/or the continuation of the use of the US dollar and/or the adoption of a regional currency, for example, the South African rand. The African Union and specifically, the Southern Africa Development Community should look at these policy issues very closely in order to provide policy direction to its member states.
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Soyapi, Caiphas B. "Zimbabwe’s ‘Look East’ Policy: A Sociolegal Perspective." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3539.
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The studies of the relations between China and Zimbabwe, as with other studies of Chinese relations with African states, have focused largely on the socio-economic and political aspects thereof. There has not been a discussion on the socio-legal perspectives of the relationship. The point of departure is that any relations between China and Zimbabwe must be legally sustainable. The socio-economic consequences of the relations are identified and analysed from a legal perspective, which leads to the conclusion that the ‘look East’ policy adopted by the Zimbabwean government as a way to counter sanctions imposed by the West is an intermestic policy. Based on national and international laws or standards of conduct expected of states, the Zimbabwean government’s failure to protect industries, the environment, labour rights and the trade in armaments at critical moments indicates an abdication of its duties.
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Mupunga, Gift. "Monetary Conditions Index and Economic Activity in Dollarized Zimbabwe." International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research 15, no. 2 (December 2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.152.04.
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Purpose: Zimbabwe has experienced a chronic inflationary crisis whose roots can be traced back to 1997. Various macroeconomic instruments have been suggested to stabilize the country’s prices and foster economic growth but evidence on how they interplay to influence policy is lacking. This study developed a monetary conditions index (MCI) for Zimbabwe during the 10-year dollarization period, 2009 to 2018, and measured its correlation with economic activity. The aim of the MCI is to inform monetary policy making in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach: Using monthly time series data, the MCI series from 2009 to 2018 was calculated using real interest rates and exchange rates. The relationship between the MCI, GDP, inflation, money supply and private sector credit was analysed using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for the long-term relationship and Granger causality for the short term. Findings: Results showed MCI weights of 1:1.54 implying that exchange rates dominate the interest rate in Zimbabwe’s monetary policy. A long run relationship between the MCI and economic variables was statistically significant while short term relationships were established for private sector credit, GDP, and foreign interest rates. Research implications: The study concludes that the MCI is a useful indicator of the central bank’s monetary policy positionfor economic analysts while the central bank can also adopt it for inflation and growth targeting. Originality/value: Unlike previous research which has proffered monetary solutions based on specific variables, this study took into consideration the interplay between interest rates and exchange rates in determining economic activity in Zimbabwe. The constructed MCI captured the interplay between these two key variables and the study established its relationship with economic activity. On this basis, the study recommends the adoption of the MCI in guiding monetary policy in Zimbabwe.
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Chifurira, Retius, Delson Chikobvu, and Dorah Dubihlela. "Rainfall prediction for sustainable economic growth." Environmental Economics 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2016): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(4-1).2016.04.
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Agriculture is the backbone of Zimbabwe’s economy with the majority of Zimbabweans being rural people who derive their livelihood from agriculture and other agro-based economic activities. Zimbabwe’s agriculture depends on the erratic rainfall which threatens food, water and energy access, as well as vital livelihood systems which could severely undermine efforts to drive sustainable economic growth. For Zimbabwe, delivering a sustainable economic growth is intrinsically linked to improved climate modelling. Climate research plays a pivotal role in building Zimbabwe’s resilience to climate change and keeping the country on track, as it charts its path towards sustainable economic growth. This paper presents a simple tool to predict summer rainfall using standardized Darwin sea level pressure (SDSLP) anomalies and southern oscillation index (SOI) that are used as part of an early drought warning system. Results show that SDSLP anomalies and SOI for the month of April of the same year, i.e., seven months before onset of summer rainfall (December to February total rainfall) are a simple indicator of amount of summer rainfall in Zimbabwe. The low root mean square error (RMSE) and root mean absolute error (RMAE) values of the proposed model, make SDSLP anomalies for April and SOI for the same month an additional input candidates for regional rainfall prediction schemes. The results of the proposed model will benefit in the prediction of oncoming summer rainfall and will influence policy making in agriculture, environment planning, food redistribution and drought prediction for sustainable economic development. Keywords: sustainable economic growth, standardized Darwin sea level pressure anomalies, southern oscillation index, summer rainfall prediction, Zimbabwe. JEL Classification: Q16, Q25, Q54, Q55, Q58
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JENKINS, CAROLYN. "The Politics of Economic Policy-Making in Zimbabwe." Journal of Modern African Studies 35, no. 4 (December 1997): 575–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002589.
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There are two remarkable features of post-independence economic policy-making in Zimbabwe: the very limited nature of the changes made by the new government in 1980, and the complete reversal of policy announced in 1990. It was surprising that a more radical transformation had not been introduced soon after independence, since this had been achieved by a civil war prompted not only by the denial of even basic rights to the majority of the population, but also by an extremely inequitable distribution of economic resources. The volte-face in 1990 was also unexpected, because it required a repudiation of governmental rhetoric at a time when the economy was by no means in a state of crisis, even though under stress. This article attempts to understand these policy shifts.
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Magure, Booker. "The State, Labour and the Politics of Social Dialogue in Zimbabwe 1996-2007: Issues Resolved or Matters Arising?" African and Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (2008): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921008x279307.
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AbstractDrawing on primary and secondary data, this paper explores the dynamics of the politics involved in the social dialogue process in Zimbabwe; more specifically the utility of the process as a tool to resolve socio-economic problems. The paper further seeks to demonstrate the relationship between failure to reform on the political policy front and economic problems thereby explaining why social dialogue in Zimbabwe fails to yield the intended results. It is the contention of this paper that as long as governance issues are not addressed by the ruling party, the Tripartite Negotiating Forum (TNF) will forever remain a "talk shop" and the Zimbabwean economy will not improve. In light of the "politicking" that characterises the social dialogue process in Zimbabwe, the paper came up with possible recommendations for the strengthening and improving of institutions of social dialogue based on the lessons learned from Zimbabwe.
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Сhigudu, Daniel. "Navigating policy implementation Gaps in Africa: The case of Zimbabwe." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3art1.
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This study reviews policy issues and the efficacy of policy implementation through a content analysis approach. In Africa and Zimbabwe in particular, policies have invariably been formulated to cater for the populace in the post-colonial era in order to address previous socio-economic imbalances. From 1991 to 2015 several policies have been developed as reflected in the Framework for Economic Reform, Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social Transformation (ZIMPREST) and Letters of Intent to the International Monetary Fund through to the current Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable SocioEconomic Transformation (Zim-Asset) among other blueprints. Findings indicate that policy problems in Zimbabwe are largely due to implementation failure against well thought out intelligible proposals. The paper reveals that implementation gaps reside in the absence of capacity to translate those intelligible proposals into action, poor sequencing of policies, political inaction to account for the failure and lack of resources. This does not appear to be unique to Zimbabwe alone but prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and many countries across the continent. Alternatives and recommendations are suggested for this phenomenon.
9
Charles Mazhazhate, Tapiwa C Mujakachi, and Shakerod Munuhwa. "Towards Pragmatic Economic Policies: Economic Transformation and Industrialization for Revival of Zimbabwe in the New Dispensation Era." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.5.14.
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Whilst literature has many monetary and economic policies that were enacted before and after the dawn of the New Dispensation in Zimbabwe the country still faces a downward trend in terms of economic recovery. This study reviews the various policies put in place by the government and their impact on socio-economic development of Zimbabwe. A review of Zimbabwe’s economic history shows that the country dropped from being one of the best economies in Sub-Saharan Africa and now ailing and characterised by hyperinflation, agricultural challenges, corruption, very high tax regime, huge domestic and foreign debts, increase in consumer prices and being a chief net importer of most goods or services. The study was underpinned by a case study survey from Singapore’s revival with both qualitative and quantitative instruments used. The study found out that even though the land reform had an impact on economic performance, corruption, party-power politics and absence of an economic institute eroded any necessary contribution to economic transformation and industrialization in Zimbabwe. The study also revealed that the bilateral and multi-lateral agreements that were enacted in the dawn of the new dispensation have not yielded the desired economic revival transformations. The study recommended establishment of an economic institute to direct policy as well as removal of unethical practices in both public and private sectors so as to ensure financial and economic discipline.
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Murombo, Tumai. "The Effectiveness of Initiatives to Promote Good Governance, Accountability and Transparency in the Extractives Sector in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 60, no. 2 (April 6, 2016): 230–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855316000061.
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AbstractThe regulation of the extractives sector in Zimbabwe has recently come under scrutiny due to the uncertain social, economic and political environment. Zimbabwe's mining sector was under colonial legislation for a long time and that legislation has recently been reviewed. Existing extractives sector laws do not adequately promote transparency and accountability, an issue recognized by stakeholders throughout the mining sector. The advent of the new constitution and law reform processes indicates Zimbabwe's intention to incorporate good governance, transparency and accountability provisions in the mining sector. State driven reforms have been inspired by global and local civil society initiatives. Analysis shows that, for various reasons, the government does not readily embrace such initiatives, which are important drivers of official policy and legal reforms. Zimbabwean environmental civil society groups have been exceptional in this regard.
11
Maune, Alexander. "The strong influence of sound corporate governance on economic Growth: evidence from Zimbabwe." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(2-2).2017.13.
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The study examined the impact of sound corporate governance on economic growth in Zimbabwe using an econometric model. A multiple linear regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship. Secondary data for the period 1968 to 2015 was collected from World Bank’s Worldwide Governance and World Development Indicators databases. It was found that sound corporate governance is significantly correlated to economic growth in Zimbabwe in a positive and negative manner with a p-value of 0.000023235 at 5% level of confidence. On one hand, control of corruption is negatively significantly related to economic growth and, on the other hand, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism positively significantly related to economic growth. Government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and voice and accountability are insignificant in influencing economic growth in Zimbabwe at 5% level of significance. The findings from this article will assist policy formulation, policy implementation and future research. This article, however, is of great importance to government, private sector and the academia.
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Damiyano, David, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "Effects of monetary policy on economic growth in Zimbabwe." GIS Business 14, no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 64–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i5.9670.
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This research examines the hypothesis of money neutrality in Zimbabwe. After studying the relevant literature on the effects of changes in money supply on real variables, it outlines the research design for a macro-level study on the impact of changes in money supply on real variables. The hypothesis is that there is a positive relationship between money supply and real variables (GDP). The researcher used real GDP as the dependent variable whilst money supply (M3), interest rate and government expenditure were used as explanatory variables. A VAR model has been applied using the country’s macroeconomic data from 1990 to 2017 which was obtained from ZIMSTATS and World Bank Open Data website. Impulse response functions and variance decomposition were used to analyse the impact of the explanatory variables on real GDP. The results suggest that money positively affects real GDP in the short run but in the long it is insignificant in influencing real output. This means that in Zimbabwe, money is non-neutral in the long run, but it is neutral in the long run. Government expenditure has an insignificant influence on GDP both in the short and long run whilst interest rate has a positive effect on GDP in the long run. The recommendations which were given are that the government; should use expansionary monetary policy to increase real GDP, demonetise the bond note as well as the RTGS and adopting the Rand, curbing inflation through increasing production and ensuring transparency in the manner in which loans are given.
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Pasara, Michael Takudzwa, and Rufaro Garidzirai. "The Boomerang Effects: An Analysis of the Pre and Post Dollarisation Era in Zimbabwe." Economies 8, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8020032.
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Does dollarisation influence economic activity in Zimbabwe? The question has incited a lot of debates among researchers and analysts. In an attempt to answer this question, the study used an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) procedure, to investigate the effects of dollarisation on economic growth in Zimbabwe. The study employed quarterly data over a 14-year period between 2000 and 2014. The results of the study indicate that dollarisation, gross domestic investment and trade openness are positively related to economic growth. Based on the findings of the study, the paper recommends that Zimbabwean policy makers should establish additional complementary policies which foster economic integration with anchor countries to reduce credit risk. On the other hand, dollarisation should be maintained since it resulted in economic stability and improved financial sector credibility. It is therefore still premature to de-dollarise the economy until a sufficient level of credibility is gained by the central bank.
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Ndlovu, Vezumuzi, Valentine Ndhlovu, and Moreblessing Mpofu. "“Against All Odds”. Female Small Scale Mine Owners in Gwanda, Zimbabwe." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n1p139.
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Historically, the mining sector has been a preserve of males, making it a highly male dominated environment which had very few women. Even in contemporary periods, the mining sector is still largely viewed as a gender “blind” sector to a larger extent. The study sought to explore the challenges faced by female small scale mine owners and how they have managed to survive in the harsh mining environment in which they operate. Study results indicate female mine owners face daunting challenges such as lack of financial capital and high costs associated with mining activities, lack of equipment, lack of technical knowledge of mining, as well as legal and policy constraints. Regardless of these challenges these mining start-ups by women have managed to survive and even grow in the harsh economic and political environment in Zimbabwe. The study concluded that challenges faced by female mine owners can be traced to gender disparity whose genesis is the patriarchal nature of Zimbabwean society and the untenable economic and political climate that has been in existence in Zimbabwe since the year 2000. Given a conducive socio-political and economic environment as well as a permitting legal and policy framework, women entrepreneurs can play a significant role in the economic transformation of the country.
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Karamaev, Sergey. "UK–Zimbabwean Relations: the Past and the Present." Contemporary Europe 107, no. 7 (December 31, 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope7202196104.
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The author traces the stages of development of British–Zimbabwean relations over the past four decades. The work analyzes not only the history, but also the current state of relations between Great Britain and Zimbabwe and assesses the prospects for their development. The author set the task of showing how political cooperation between the former metropolis and its colony developed, the importance of the change of governments and the personality of the heads of state. A special attention is paid to the first president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, who ruled the country for 37 years. An attempt has been made to identify the causes of the crisis in bilateral relations and to assess the attempts to overcome and to move in a progressive development. In addition, the author considers the problem of how the context of the colonial past, economic development, the land issue and the internal policy of Zimbabwe influenced the official London’s position in relation to Harare. Zimbabwe is one of the key states in southeast Africa, traditionally viewed by the UK as a sphere of its interests. Using itsexample, certain conclusions can be drawn about London's foreign policy approach to African countries, as well as the contradictions which become obstacles to the relations’ normalization.
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Makina, Daniel. "Historical Perspective on Zimbabwe’s Economic Performance." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 1 (March 2010): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600105.
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The paper presents a chronological unravelling of the political economy of Zimbabwe. It commences by giving an analysis of economic performance within a framework of four periods, namely, (i) the pre-independence period, (ii) the post-independence period of controls, (iii) the economic liberalization period and (iv) the economic crisis period. It proceeds to discuss the deterioration in economic performance emanating from inappropriate macroeconomic policies followed post-independence. The role of the monetary policy regime in exacer-bating macroeconomic instability is also highlighted. Furthermore, the system of governance is noted to be another significant contributory factor to economic decline. One important insight from the analysis is that the economy had been operating sub-optimally throughout the post-independence period, a factor which is often ignored in research on Zimbabwe. Furthermore, if we take into account the lacklustre performance during the pre-independence period when it was under international sanctions, Zimbabwe could be said to have had ‘five lost decades’ –the 1960s, the 1970s, the 1980s, the 1990s and the decade commencing in the year 2000.
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Mazorodze, Brian Tavonga. "Re-visiting the External Debt-Economic Growth Question in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 2(J) (May 22, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i2(j).2939.
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This paper quantifies the threshold effect of external debt on economic growth in Zimbabwe between 1980 and 2016. Results from the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) technique confirm that external debt (up to 57% of GDP) raises economic growth. Beyond the 57% of GDP threshold, external debt lowers growth. A separate analysis of variance shows that the mean GDP per capita is lower by 11% when external debt exceeds 57%. From the sample average, the 57% of GDP threshold suggests that debt stock above 4.7 billion USD can be detrimental to the country’s long-run growth prospects. Currently, Zimbabwe’s external debt is standing at over 11 billion USD which is way above the estimated threshold level. Therefore, the policy implication arising from this paper is that the country’s Finance Minister needs to pursue debt-reduction strategies given that the country’s stock of external debt is already sitting in the growth-reducing territory.
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Dr., Alouis Chilunjika, Patricia Masiyakurima-January, and Sharon Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika. "Challenges Faced in the Implementation of the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (ZIMASSET) Economic Policy from 2013 to 2018." International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0302.150.
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A number of policies have been put in place as of 1980 but the implementation of the policy objectives has been highly compromised. This research is therefore premised on exploring the challenges faced in the implementation of economic policies using the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (ZIMASSET) of 2013 to 2018 as the focal point. The study employs a case study research design which triangulates qualitative as well as quantitative research methods into mixed methods. On sampling techniques, the research employs simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews were also used in collecting data. The research established that the ZIMASSET policy has been ruled out as an appetizing economic blueprint which when followed to its logical conclusions can in a way turn around the economic fortunes of the country. Be that as it may, some contend that there is nothing peculiar about the ZIMASSET policy as it is yet another attempt by the ZANU-PF led government to moot a policy that will die a premature death. In light of this, the study recommends policy autonomy, multiplicity of sources of funding, supporting the agricultural sector, curbing corruption, clear policy procedures as well as utmost commitment to the policy as strategies that can enhance the successful implementation of future economic policies in Zimbabwe.
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Chamboko, Richard, Gerald Kadira, Lisho Mundia, and Rumbidzai K. T. Chamboko. "Mapping patterns of financial distress among consumers in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 1654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2016-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a mapping of financial distress among consumers in Zimbabwe. To inform policy, it nuances the understanding of the level of financial distress and the precise location of the most distressed consumers in the country. Design/methodology/approach The study mapped financial distress among consumers on the ten provinces of Zimbabwe using credit repayment behavioural indicators from retail consumer loans data. Findings Findings showed widespread financial distress among consumers across the country with Matabeleland North and Matabeleland South provinces being the most affected, whilst Harare and Manicaland were better off. The study underscores the urgent need for an overhaul of the Zimbabwe’s haemorrhaging economy in order to restore dignity among consumers and relieve them of financial hardships. Originality/value The paper provides vital input for policy. Policy measures aimed at invigorating sustained economic growth, troubleshooting and revamping productivity, enhancing external competitiveness and creating employment across the country are desperately needed. Also, there is need for a functional consumer education and counselling entity to roll-out financial literacy programmes and counselling financially distressed obligors across this economically beleaguered country.
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Hove, Mediel, Enock Ndawana, and Munetsi Anthony Nhemachena. "How Cuba Survived Sanctions and the Lessons for Zimbabwe." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 24, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598420911856.
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This article discusses how Cuba survived the economic sanctions that were imposed by the USA and the lessons that Zimbabwe and other sanctioned countries can glean. Using the subaltern framework for analysis, the article’s central argument is that Cuba survived the US-imposed economic embargo through sound planning, rigorous policy formulation, and implementation in the critical sectors of education and health, including tactical diplomatic maneuvers among other strategies. It concludes that Cuba’s survival against the US economic embargo provides a number of significant lessons for many countries, including Zimbabwe facing economic sanctions from powerful states.
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Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms' Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2087.
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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabwe’s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabwe’s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabwe’s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.
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Kapesa, Tonderai, Gift Mugano, and Houdini Fourie. "Financing public infrastructure in Zimbabwe: Current trends and future alternatives." Public and Municipal Finance 10, no. 1 (September 3, 2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.10(1).2021.07.
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Zimbabwe requires USD2 billion annually until 2032 for financing economic infrastructure. However, the Government of Zimbabwe currently affords about 20% of this financing requirement leaving an 80% gap. The aim of the study was to establish the main sources of finance for economic public infrastructure and recommend alternative financing sources to supplement the current sources. The qualitative descriptive study collected primary data through 23 interviews conducted with officials from ministries of the Government of Zimbabwe, government departments and parastatal enterprises. Secondary data was obtained from documentary analysis. The study revealed bilateral loans from the China Exim Bank as the main source of finance for economic infrastructure, contributing USD2.1 billion whilst budget appropriations from the Government of Zimbabwe contributed USD1 billion during the 10-year period under study. Infrastructure finance was also obtained from development partners (USD200 million) and commercial and multilateral lenders (USD400 million). The study recommends developing a framework that promotes and protects private sector and/or innovative financiers of infrastructure through policy stability.
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Tarupiwa, Tafadzwa Telmore. "The Analysis of Zimbabwe`s informal Sector`s Economic Sustainability Subject to Lockdown Effects." iRASD Journal of Economics 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2020.0101.0015.
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Zimbabwe`s economic society had been dominated by the informal sector as the main source and substitute for formal employment. It comprises of vendors, crosses border traders, cottage industries, artisanal miners and many others conducting lawful but unregistered economic activities. Given it being seen as a new normal for Zimbabwe`s economic structure, the 2020 national lockdown necessitated the analysis on the economic sustainability of Zimbabwe`s informal sector given the hardship experienced. Applying extensive literature review, content analysis and critical assessment of theory and practice as the methodology, the informal sector is deemed highly unsustainable economically. This paper proposes a total restructuring of Zimbabwe`s sector structure, through the creation of a total development strategy that enables refocusing government expenditure and policy towards realignment of informal structure to formal. Furthermore, this paper advocate for a balanced development strategy, that incorporates all sectors which accelerate growth and a stable formal sector through technological innovations and modernisation such that there is technology transfer to the informal sector, as opposed to arbitraging and vending activities as they are prone to stagnation and vulnerability.
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Choguya, Naume Zorodzai. "Traditional and Skilled Birth Attendants in Zimbabwe: A Situational Analysis and Some Policy Considerations." Journal of Anthropology 2015 (May 18, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/215909.
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The paper focuses on the situational analysis of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and skilled birth attendants (SBAs) in Zimbabwe. Against a background of a frail health care system, characterised by a shortage in skilled professionals, increased cost of medical care, and geographic and economic inaccessibility of health care centres among others, TBAs have remained a life-line for especially many rural women in maternal health care provision. Moreover, TBAs have also found their way into the urban areas of Zimbabwe. The shift in international policy and health funding toward skilled birth attendants (i.e., an accredited health professional) has materialized into concerted government efforts to increase numbers of both midwifery training institutions and midwives themselves. The call for SBAs, though a worthy ideal, is out of touch with the lived realities of pregnant women in low resource settings such as Zimbabwe. The study is concerned with situational analysis of TBAs and SBAs in maternal health care service provision in Zimbabwe analysing and evaluating policy considerations.
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Fathiraini, Nurdiani. "POLITIK LUAR NEGERI CHINA TERHADAP ZIMBABWE." FACTUM: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/factum.v8i1.20920.
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This article aimed to elaborate China’s foreign policy towards Zimbabwe under Hu Jintao’s leadership. Based on the “social construction” logic, it was a logical consequence influenced by intersubjective factors and also formed and defined based on the actor’s social identity. In this case, historical power influenced a positive intersubjective and form an established structure of China “amity” towards Zimbabwe. It can be understood how China perceived Zimbabwe as a “friend”. Besides, China’s identity transformation as a “peaceful rise” country, defined the interest formation towards economic and development cooperation manifested through strengthening cooperation in the China-Zimbabwe Strategic Partnership’s scheme. Thus, Hu Jintaos foreign policy towardsZimbabwe was not only determined by the material dimension, but strongly determinedby the ideational dimension where China under Hu Jintao’s leadership was strivedto represent of a “peaceful rise” identity that cannot be separated from the values of“friendship, peace, cooperation, and development.
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Dzobo, Oliver, Henerica Tazvinga, Chido Hermes Chihobo, and Edward Chikuni. "The adoption of energy efficiency and a policy framework for Zimbabwe." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 31, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2020/v31i3a8002.
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Recent policy discussions on energy use in Zimbabwe sparked interest in the economic case for energy efficiency, suggesting the need to investigate the relevant costs and benefits. This paper investigated the potential of energy efficiency in manufacturing industries in Zimbabwe. Data collection was done using questionnaires, walk-through audits and semi-structured interviews. The data set was then analysed using regression analysis. The results show that there would be significant potential energy saving in Zimbabwe through adopting various energy efficiency programmes. The main energy efficiency barriers identified were: poorly structured electricity tariffs; risk of production disruption; resistance of operational staff to a changed working style; lack of coordination between company divisions; lack of information on energy efficiency programmes; and lack of support from senior management on issues that relate to energy efficiency. A straightforward energy efficiency policy framework is proposed, and three main players identified, namely government, energy regulator, and research institutions.
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Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms’ Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2087.
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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabwe’s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabwe’s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabwe’s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.
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Bvirindi, Tawanda Ray, and Nigel Mxolisi Landa. "Exploring Policy Issues on the Trafficking of Women in Southern Africa with Reference to Zimbabwe." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/2662.
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Following the socio-economic and political problems that ensued after the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe, instances of human trafficking previously unseen on a large scale have sparked a newfound interest among policy makers and researchers. This article examines the flawed system provided by the Zimbabwean Trafficking in Persons Act No. 4 of 2014 for the protection of victims of human trafficking. It argues that the “Palermo Protocol”—the international instrument against all trafficking in persons is well-equipped to assume greater responsibility in ensuring the protection of victims. Although the Palermo Protocol is a universal protocol; which should be contextualised to suit various scenarios in which trafficking occurs across the globe, it may still be reasonably interpreted as providing the core principles which are vital to the protection of vulnerable populations from trafficking. Over the long haul, a new Zimbabwean Act, re-aligned with the Palermo Protocol, yet flexible, anti-trafficking partnerships between the government, Non-governmental Organisations and Civil Society remain the most viable solutions to addressing this predicament.
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Pasara, Michael Takudzwa, Tapiwa Kelvin Mutambirwa, and Nolutho Diko. "The Trivariate Causality among Education, Health, and Economic Growth in Zimbabwe." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041357.
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This study investigated the causality among education, health, and economic growth in Zimbabwe. Causality effects are a thinly explored area in literature, with most studies focusing on bidirectional relationships. Granger causality tests were employed in a Vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Results showed that education Granger causes health improvements, with health improvements in turn fairly associating to Granger cause economic growth in Zimbabwe. Thus, the effect of education on economic growth is not direct, but works through improved health, pointing to the conclusion that health is a transmission mechanism through which education drives economic growth. No feedback effect was established from health to education and from economic growth to education and health. Thus, results suggest the need for a holistic policy approach which integrates education and health policies in a bid to drive economic growth, since education has no effect on economic growth in its own domain, but through health.
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SANDERS, DAVID, and ROB DAVIES. "Economic adjustment and current trends in child survival: the case of Zimbabwe." Health Policy and Planning 3, no. 3 (1988): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/3.3.195.
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Hlungwani, P. M., and C. N. Mohamed Sayeed. "Youth empowerment as a driver of economic growth : policy implementation challenges in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Union Studies 7, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2018/v7n3a6.
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Manyika, Wellington, Laston Gonah, Apivat Hanvongse, Shepherd Shamu, and James January. "Health Financing: Relationship between Public Health expenditure and maternal mortality in Zimbabwe between the years 1980 to 2010." Medical Journal of Zambia 46, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.46.1.228.
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Health care expenditure in Zimbabwe has fallen below budgetary allocations since 2000. Health care financing in Zimbabwe rely more on donor funding and private expenditure than on government resources. These expenditures are unsustainable and inadequate considering the huge health care burden in Zimbabwe. The study sought to examine the association between government health expenditure and maternal mortality, and make policy recommendations. Association was examined using survey and annual expenditure data from Zimbabwe between 1980 and 2011. The study used multiple regression analysis to find the association between government health expenditure and maternal mortality while controlling for potential confounding variables. Government health expenditure had a statistically significant association with maternal mortality, with less expenditure associated with high rates of maternal mortality. This substantiates the proposition that government health expenditure is a major determinant of maternal mortality in Zimbabwe. Increasing government health expenditure will contribute to significant reduction in maternal mortality. Institutional delivery and the proportion of people living below the Total Consumption Poverty Line (TCPL) were negatively correlated with maternal mortality. The association of maternal mortality and other socio-economic determinants of health were examined. These included political and economic factors, isolationism, hyper-inflation, household income versus household expenditure and allocation of resources.
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Manenji, Tawanda, and Barbra Marufu. "The impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions." Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance ISSN 2394-3351 3, no. 7 (August 15, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijbpg030701.
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<em>This study examines the impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions in Zimbabwe. There is a belief that e-government brings about better change in governance issues through active disclosure of governance information. The research found out that e-government in Zimbabwe though still being nurtured, has better prospects and there is great need for clearly setting and meeting a conducive environment for it to flourish. That is a set of pre-requirements need to be assessed before trying to implement e-government into full swing. Zimbabwe lacks an unanimous e-government strategy across its ministries hence the existence of disparities in e-government adoption within the country – some ministries are more advanced while others only exhibit the first initial stages of e-government. However, the adoption of e-government in Zimbabwe has been hampered by a plethora of challenges ranging from politics, economics, social and technological. Among them include inadequate or weak legislative frameworks guiding and directing e-government implementation, budget constraints, digital divide as well as technological incompetence. The study also makes some recommendations as to how e-government prospects can be fully attained and such remedies among others include the passing of a comprehensive IT policy which cut across all government ministries, embracing Public Private Partnerships in building IT infrastructure, and redefining government’s top priorities and focus much on e-government investment. The paper also notes the effects of poor governance to a country. Zimbabwe’s e-government strategy if managed properly, would also reduce government external debt, improve service delivery, promote economic development, and increase public accountability and transparency within the public sector.</em>
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Saungweme, Talknice, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Does Public Debt Service Expenditure Crowd-Out Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from an African Developing Country." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica 64, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subboec-2019-0013.
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Abstract This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of public debt service on economic growth; and it provides an evidence-based approach to public policy formulation in Zimbabwe. The empirical analysis was performed by applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to annual time-series data from 1970 to 2017. The study findings reveal that the impact of public debt service on economic growth in Zimbabwe is negative in the short run but positive in the long run. The results are suggestive of the existence of a crowding-out effect of public debt service in Zimbabwe in the short run and a crowding-in effect in the long run. In view of these findings, the government should consider fiscal and financial policies that promote a constant supply of long-term finance, long-term fixed investments, and extension of a government securities maturity structure so as to ensure sustainable short- and long-term public debt service expenditures. The study further recommends the strengthening of non-distortionary revenue mobilisation reforms to reduce market distortions and boost domestic investment.
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Thebe, Vusilizwe. "The Complexity of Contemporary Rural Society: Agricultural ‘Betterment’ and Social Realities in Semi-arid Zimbabwe." African and Asian Studies 17, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341017.
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Abstract Modernist assumptions have guided rural development interventions in Zimbabwe since the mid-twentieth century. As a result interventions were not firmly grounded on rural socio-economic and physical realities. The aim was not only to create a society of ‘modern’, ‘progressive farmers’ who followed a predetermined agricultural path, but also, the quest for order and modernity was clearly manifest through centralization measures and increased emphasis on prudent land husbandry. This article seeks to demonstrate that these rural development initiatives were ill-suited to the socio-physical realities in some rural societies. Using a case study of a communal area in semi-arid north-western Zimbabwe, it stresses the importance of the physical conditions, the socio-economic dynamics and the particular livelihood trajectories of rural households. It concludes that, even if the state in Zimbabwe was to succeed in imposing an agrarian order driven by these models, such a policy was more likely to end in dismal failure.
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Nhapi, Innocent. "The water situation in Harare, Zimbabwe: a policy and management problem." Water Policy 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.018.
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Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, is facing water quantity and quality problems, with serious pollution of the downstream Lake Chivero. Often, these problems are attributed to rapid population growth, inadequate maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, expensive technologies and a poor institutional framework. Rampant urban agriculture could also result in washing off and leaching of nutrients. This paper brings out a number of issues related to sustainable water management in Harare. The study was based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a literature review. The results show that monitoring and enforcement of regulations in Harare is poor because of economic hardships and lack of political will to deal with offenders. Also, there is irregular collection of garbage, low fines owing to hyper-inflation and a general failure by the city to collect water and other charges from residents. The city has also failed to raise tariffs to economic levels owing to heavy lobbying by residents and interference by government. It was concluded that Harare cannot overcome its water-related problems under the current set-up. It is recommended that a corporatised body, free from political influence and with a higher degree of autonomy, be established to run the water services for Harare and the neighbouring towns. Such a body would need a sound and flexible system for setting tariffs and enacting/enforcing reasonable regulations.
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Makoto, Richard, Takawira Mumvuma, and Phineas G. Kadenge. "Public Debt Composition, Debt Policy Rules and Growth in Selected SADC Countries." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i3.1165.
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Purpose: This study examined the relative effect of debt composition and debt reduction policy rule on economic growth in selected SADC countries which are Mauritius, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Design/Methodology/Approach The Markov-switching method was used to estimate the debt growth model for the period 1990Q1-2016Q4
Findings:. The effects of debt proved to be regime dependent which supports the time effects of debt in all countries. High external debt relative to domestic debt had positive effect on growth in Tanzania which is a good reforming country and had negative effects in the case of Zimbabwe which is a debt distressed country. In comparison to Mauritius, a domestic debt dependent country, high domestic debt relative to external debt had negative impact on growth. The effects tend to rise with market pressure and government consumption behaviour. A negative real effect of debt reduction policy rule was confirmed for Zimbabwe and irrelevance in countries with less threat of debt distress.
Implications/Originality/Value Therefore the study found support to the quantity-effect rather than type-effect of debt on growth. We recommended that countries should consider both time and quantity effects of debt in debt management; adopt explicit debt reduction rules which constrain fiscal behaviour and force policy commitment towards debt stabilization.
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Muchacha, Munyaradzi, Charles Dziro, and Edmos Mtetwa. "The implications of neoliberalism for the care of orphans in Zimbabwe: Challenges and opportunities for social work practice." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss2id227.
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The paper explores the implications of neoliberal social policies for the care of orphans in Zimbabwe and looks at the challenges and opportunities for social work practice in such a context. It is estimated that Zimbabwe is home to over 1 million orphaned and vulnerable children most of whom are being looked after by their relatives. As from 1991, Zimbabwe switched over from a “socialist” socio-economic policy trajectory to a neoliberal dispensation. This neoliberal policy regime entails the implementation of austerity measures such as severe cuts on social expenditures, the introduction of stringent means tested social safety nets and reduction of the civil service wage bill. This paper argues that this neoliberal policy regime negatively affects the care of orphans and access to services such as health and education. The reduction of expenditure on social services has also resulted in severe cuts on social work posts within the civil service leading to high caseloads and poor social work practice. The paper concludes by identifying and arguing for developmental social work practice as a social work strategy to challenge and address the implications of neoliberalism through strengthening the capacities of the kinship system, advocacy and contribution to the social policy making process
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Hampson, Joe. "Elderly People and Social Welfare in Zimbabwe." Ageing and Society 5, no. 1 (March 1985): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00011284.
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ABSTRACTThe ageing of Third World populations and its implications for planning in social welfare has received little attention in the literature until now. This article explores the need radically to alter Western models of care for elderly people in an African context, arguing that in situations of mass poverty and gross economic differentiation a concentration on social welfare for urban formal sector employees is inappropriate. Zimbabwe is used as a case study. The situation of the aged in Zimbabwe is analysed from existing but scanty data, and sets of policy proposals that have relevance to the national economy and to the rural, urban and commercial farming sectors are discussed.
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Sakadzo, Nyasha, Jeremiah Mavugara, and Ashel Musara. "A Critical Review of Value Chain for Irish Potato in Zimbabwe with Specific Regards to the Economic Policy: A Review." Agricultural Science 2, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): p42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p42.
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Potato production and consumption are booming worldwide, greater quantity of it is being processed into food and snacks. It is the most important horticultural crop which is a good substitute for maize to supplement carbohydrates. It was declared a national strategic food security crop on 18 May 2012 by the government of Zimbabwe. This paper critically review the value chain of Irish potato in Zimbabwe with a focus on its any government policy and support with regards to promoting the crop and key stakeholders involved in the value chain. The Irish potato value chain in Zimbabwe has great potential to improve and if well supported, it can contribute to the GDP of the country. This can be done if the government improve on its policy implementation through capacity development of its research and extension workers and more resources have to be availed to this area has showed great potential in terms of marketing and production. The key drivers at production level who will help in ensuring that necessary interventions are carried out to improve long term performance of the Irish potato value chain operate in an enabling environment. This is done by offering incentives to the potato farmers and all the value chain players. The economy of a country is driven by having well thought out policies and interventions that can even subsidies inputs and other raw material required along the value chain.
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Katsande, Tapiwa Emmanuel. "Vocational Education and Training in Rural Zimbabwe: Attitudes and Opinions of Students, Teachers and Education Inspectors: The Case of Murewa District." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 7, no. 3 (October 9, 2016): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v7i3.1412.
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The 2008 global economic crisis has seen young people’s career and employment prospects dwindle, particularly for those based in rural areas. Governments in both industrialised and developing countries are considering vocational education reform to meet nations’ employment and economic needs. Despite renewed interest in VET, the sentiments of students and teachers remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the views and attitudes of students, teachers and education inspectors towards VET in rural Zimbabwe. The findings revealed divergent views. It emerged that most students did not necessarily have negative views of VET, but they were put off by the low status, lack of choice and the lacklustre delivery of VET. Teachers and students alike were sceptical about the role of VET in securing employment. This study will contribute to the on-going review of Zimbabwe’s education system and will inform school managers and policy makers on curriculum development and culture change in rural communities and schools.
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Mukorera, Sophia. "Growth Constraints of Formal and Informal Micro and Small -Scale Enterprises and Their Impact on Policy Formulation in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 3(J) (July 19, 2018): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i3.2330.
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The new view on MSEs in the informal sector perceives them as being permanent, stable activities comprised of dynamic businesses that affect most economic activities. As such, they need to be considered in economic policies to ensure that they can grow and contribute to the national economy. In Zimbabwe, policies for entrepreneurial development are mainly informed by formal - sector enterprises. This study analysed the similarities and differences in the growth constraints of MSEs operating in the formal and informal sectors in Harare, Zimbabwe . Using descriptive statistics and principal component analysis, the study analysed 21 internal and external growth constraints. The findings were that formal - sector MSEs perceive internal factors as constraining them the most, while informal MSEs perceive external factors as constraining them the most. The study concludes that a common policy approach cannot work in addressing the needs of the two sectors. Sector- specific policies need to be formulated in order for the enterprises in both sectors to fully contribute to the national economy.
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Eide, Arne H. "Rusmiddelbruk blant skolebarn i Zimbabwe." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 14, no. 2 (April 1997): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259701400208.
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A classroom survey among 3 211 secondary-school students was conducted in four provinces in Zimbabwe in 1994. The lifetime prevalence and measures of more frequent use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and inhalants are presented as well as an analysis of the relationship between drug use and social and cultural predictors. Respondents were selected by means of a two-stage random sample design. Data collection followed international standardised procedures. Stratification was based on the identification of four different socio-cultural groups. Cultural orientation was operationalised by means of a Likert-type 14-item scale on choice of media, language and music. Exploratory principal component analyses revealed a 2-factor solution, representing a Global and a Local cultural orientation dimension. Results showed that self-reported drug use in general varied between the social groups and that experience increased with increasing socioeconomic status. For cannabis and inhalants use, the social distribution differed from that of alcohol and tobacco in that the subgroups low and high on the socio-economic dimension scored highest. Use of all four drugs was positively associated with global cultural orientation, whereas local cultural orientation was negatively associated with use of alcohol and tobacco. For cannabis and inhalants, no relationship with local cultural orientation was demonstrated.
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Brett, Edward A. "From Corporatism to Liberalization in Zimbabwe: Economic Policy Regimes and Political Crisis, 1980–97." International Political Science Review 26, no. 1 (January 2005): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512105047898.
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Kasu, Tonderai Irvine, Solomon Mungure,, Girma Menelik, and Sungano Mharakurwa. "The Interactions of Public Health Organisational Leadership with its Environment: A Case Study of the Sally Mugabe Central Hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.2.873.
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Introduction and Background: This paper presents a case study from Sally Mugabe Central Hospital; that examines the interactions of public health organisational leadership with its environment, within the context of Zimbabwe's unique social, economic and political circumstances.
Objective: To investigate how the local context and local environment of Zimbabwe's unique social, economic and political situation have interacted with the leadership of Sally Mugabe Central Hospital as a Zimbabwean public health institution.
Methods: A combination of semi-structured interviews and document analysis were used to conduct the research. Purposive sampling and expert sampling were used to select respondents for interviews. Content analysis of relevant administrative and management documents kept at the participating institution was carried out. This research is located within the theoretical framework of Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR); and examines the institutional level or meso-level of the healthcare system.
Results and Discussion: Research findings are discussed under subheadings that correspond to the interactions of social, economic and political factors with public health institutional leadership.
Recommendations: Based on the research findings of this case study, recommendations are made on relevant and effective changes to practice, for the leadership of Zimbabwean public health institutions, recommendations that may have someapplicability elsewhere as well, on the basis of lessons learnt.
Conclusion: The problem of chronic underfunding; as well as the social, economic and political challenges that have been experienced at the institutional level in the Zimbabwean public health system; require innovative and adaptive public health leadership that can confront adversity in a complex environment.
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Coldham, Simon. "The Land Acquisition Act, 1992 of Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 37, no. 1 (1993): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011141.
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The gazetting of the Land Acquisition Bill on 24 January, 1992 unleashed what has been described as the fiercest debate ever known in the history of Zimbabwe. However, the issue of land reform had been back on the political agenda ever since the expiry of the Lancaster House Constitution on 18 April, 1990, and pressures from a variety of quarters, both internal and external, had been brought to bear on the government during the intervening period. In particular, its adoption in 1990 of a document declaring National Land Policy had generated intense controversy. In accordance with the principles set out in that document the government has sought to facilitate the acquisition of land for resettlement purposes, first by amending section 16 of the Lancaster House Constitution and subsequently by enacting the Land Acquisition Act. In formulating its policy the government has recognized both the need to redress inequalities in land distribution and the need to take into account current national and international socio-economic realities. The result is a compromise.
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Sampath, R. K., and Godswill Makombe. "An Economic Analysis of Small Holder Irrigated Farms in Zimbabwe." Water International 24, no. 1 (March 1999): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069908692135.
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Mtapuri, Oliver. "A REVIEW OF SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMMES IN ZIMBABWE: LESSONS LEARNT." Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 26, no. 3 (March 3, 2017): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2415-5829/2260.
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This article makes an entrée into the social protection arena by exploring the political, technical, social, economic, legal and environmental dimensions of social protection using the ecology of human development as a foundation. As a point of departure, it argues that a clear understanding of the ‘total environment’ is critical in the design, formulation and implementation of social protection programmes. The method used for purposes of compiling this article is a desk study in which documents on social protection interventions used in Zimbabwe were reviewed. The key contribution of the article is a framework which may assist countries in the global south to understand social protection in general and to guide policy implementation and practice in particular. Some of the key lessons learnt from the Zimbabwean experience include the need to interrogate all interventions for feasibility, efficiency, effectiveness, dependency-reduction, appropriateness, sustain-ability, gender-sensitivity, incorruptibility, provision of exit mechanisms, administrative costs and adequacy of resources.
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Mishi, Syden. "Remittances and Sustainability of Family Livelihoods: Evidence from Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 12 (December 30, 2014): 958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i12.553.
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Most developing countries are riddled with socio-economic woes that pose a challenge to livelihoods. These challenges negatively affect income levels of individuals and households, limiting their access to economic opportunities. Households often strategise to sustain their livelihoods, and one of such option is migration of a member, domestically or internationally. Migration can be individual or household strategy for survival therefore remittances have a role to play in adjusting the household income. Making use of ordinary least squares estimation techniques, this article examines how families use migration as a survival technique based on survey data from small mining town of Chegutu located in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. We found out that remittances go a long way in providing income for basic services like municipal services, food, medical expenses. Furthermore, remittances also tend to influence behavioural change among households- making them consume more status oriented goods and services. The findings have implications to how policy makers view migration and development- migration should not be viewed negatively as in the past since it can help meet developmental needs of the receiving community through sustainability of family livelihoods. Policy should rather necessitate frictionless flow of these funds by reducing costs and unnecessary regulatory requirements.
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Krasilnikova, Alexandra Andrianovna, Angelina Valer’evna Firsova, and Kundai Trevor Musonza. "Analysis of fish industry and fisheries legislation of the Republic of Zimbabwe." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2021-4-24-30.
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The article analyzes the state of fish industry and fisheries legalization of the Republic of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has a sufficient water surface area in the South African region and has favorable climatic conditions for fish farming. Potential national demand for fish is estimated at 60.000 tons per year, and total production is about 20.000 tons. In the waters of Zimbabwe there are about 144 fish species including 114 endemic and 30 exotic species. Freshwater sardine (Taganyika sardine (Limnothrissa miodon)) and Nile tilapia are the two predominant commercial species. Commercial aquaculture in the country is based on production of two species: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss). The Republic of Zimbabwe has a progressive fisheries development policy with goals based on knowledge of management approach, pro-poor economic growth and food security. There are described the environmental protection measures and legislative documents of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe differs from most South African countries in that its environmental legislation is comprehensive and covers all the most important areas. The country has about 20 laws and about 40 legislative bills. In order to reduce the load on Lake Kariba and other water bodies of the country, the legislature regulates developing aquaculture and fish farming to increase the natural populations of aquatic organisms.