Relevant bibliographies by topics / Zimbabwe Independent

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Zimbabwe Independent'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Zimbabwe Independent"

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Chipaike, Ronald, and Paul Henri Bischoff. "Chinese Engagement of Zimbabwe and the Limits of Elite Agency." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 7 (May 16, 2019): 947–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619848783.

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This article contends that Zimbabwe’s agency in its engagement with China has been limited and at best circumscribed. This owes to factors such as indifference by state authorities to cooperation with civil society actors in negotiating with Chinese actors, the desperation of the The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front regime in the face of isolation by erstwhile partners as well as the opacity and secrecy that characterizes significant areas of the Zimbabwe–China relationship. The pressing need for critical institutions such as parliament to play independent oversight roles as well as the creation of space for civil society watchdog functions are highlighted as key enablers if Zimbabwean agency is to generate positive gains from the country’s engagement with China.
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Moyo, Dumisani. "Reincarnating clandestine radio in post-independent Zimbabwe." Radio Journal:International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2010): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/rjao.8.1.23_1.

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Woyo, Erisher, and Edith Woyo. "Towards the development of cultural tourism as an alternative for tourism growth in Northern Zimbabwe." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-08-2016-0048.

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Purpose Zimbabwean tourism, whose draw-card is wildlife, has been on the decline since land invasions that occurred in 2000. Due to the farm invasions, wildlife-based tourism is no longer a viable option. In cases where traditional industries are declining, cultural tourism has been found to be an effective alternative source of revenue. Cultural and heritage tourism represents a growing special interest market whose demand is very high; however, this sector is yet to be sufficiently explored in the empirical context of Northern Zimbabwe. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development potential of the sector. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative methodology was applied in this study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to 500 international tourists who visited Northern Zimbabwe’s cultural and heritage attractions between October 2013 and February 2014. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 19.0 was employed in data coding and analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and one way analysis of variance were used in this study. Findings On the whole, the study found that there is potential to develop cultural tourism as an alternative for tourism growth in Northern Zimbabwe. Results showed that there exists a certain demand for cultural and heritage tourism in Northern Zimbabwe and should be developed. Cultural and heritage tourists’ spending is high per visit, despite the fact that Zimbabwe is an expensive destination. The intention to repeat visitation was found to be significant with the age, level of qualification and nationality of respondents. Originality/value The findings provides insights for cultural and heritage tourism managers in Northern Zimbabwe and similar places around the country to invest in this special interest tourism. The development of cultural and heritage tourism will contribute towards the diversification of the seasonal and threatened nature-based tourism in Zimbabwe. With a better understanding of the motivations, trip behaviour characteristics and perceptions of Northern region, this paper presents insights that are important in developing the cultural and heritage tourism sector. Research on tourism growth in Zimbabwe has predominantly focused on nature-based tourism, suggesting a clear relegation of the contribution that cultural and heritage resources can make towards tourism growth; thus, this study provides a significant contribution in the Zimbabwean context with regards to literature.
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FITZMAURICE, SUSAN. "Ideology, race and place in historical constructions of belonging: the case of Zimbabwe." English Language and Linguistics 19, no. 2 (July 2015): 327–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674315000106.

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This article explores the ways in which constructions of identities of place are embedded in the ideology of race and social orientation in Zimbabwe. Using newspaper reports, memoirs, speeches, advertisements, fiction, interviews and ephemera produced around key discursive thresholds, it examines the production of multiple meanings of key terms within competing discourses to generate co-existing parallel lexicons. Crucially, labels like ‘settler’, ‘African’ and ‘Zimbabwean’, labels that are inextricably linked to access to and association with the land in colonial and postcolonial Zimbabwe, shift their reference and connotations for different speakers in different settings and periods. For example, the term ‘settler’, used to refer to white colonists of British origin who occupied vast agricultural lands in colonial Zimbabwe, is appropriated in post-independent Zimbabwe to designate blacks settled on the land in the Fast Track Land Reform Programme. The analysis of semantic pragmatic change in relation to key discursive thresholds yields a complex story of changing identities conditioned by different experiences of a raced national biography.
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KELETA-MAE, NAILA. "Workshop Negative: Political Theatre in Zimbabwe in the 1980s." Theatre Research International 44, no. 3 (October 2019): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883319000300.

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In 1980 the Republic of Zimbabwe became recognized internationally as an independent state. This independence marked a shift from white minority rule to black majority rule in the form of ZANU–PF in a transition in government that was fraught with brutal violence, tense negotiations and tremendous hope for the democratic state that would emerge. This article begins with a brief overview of key political-theatre and public-arts funding practices that emerged in the newly independent Zimbabwe in the 1980s and continues with an examination of an influential political play from the era by Cont Mhlange entitled Workshop Negative (1986). This article's analysis of Workshop Negative considers how the economic pressures explored in the play mirror the precarious working conditions that arts-funding models placed on political-theatre practitioners in Zimbabwe at the time.
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Hodgkinson, Dan. "POLITICS ON LIBERATION'S FRONTIERS: STUDENT ACTIVIST REFUGEES, INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR ZIMBABWE, 1965–79." Journal of African History 62, no. 1 (March 2021): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853721000268.

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AbstractDuring Zimbabwe's struggle for national liberation, thousands of black African students fled Rhodesia to universities across the world on refugee scholarship schemes. To these young people, university student activism had historically provided a stable route into political relevance and nationalist leadership. But at foreign universities, many of which were vibrant centres for student mobilisations in the 1960s and 1970s and located far from Zimbabwean liberation movements’ organising structures, student refugees were confronted with the dilemma of what their role and future in the liberation struggle was. Through the concept of the ‘frontier’, this article compares the experiences of student activists at universities in Uganda, West Africa, and the UK as they figured out who they were as political agents. For these refugees, I show how political geography mattered. Campus frontiers could lead young people both to the military fronts of Mozambique and Zambia as well as to the highest circles of government in independent Zimbabwe. As such, campus frontiers were central to the history of Zimbabwe's liberation movements and the development of the postcolonial state.
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Munoriyarwa, Allen. "So, who is responsible? A framing analysis of newspaper coverage of electoral violence in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Media Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00011_1.

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This study examines how the 2008 election violence was framed in three mainstream Zimbabwean weekly newspapers – The Sunday Mail, The Independent and The Zimbabwean. It was noted that four frames – the victim, justice and human rights, trivialization and attribution of responsibility frames dominated the coverage of electoral violence in these three newspapers. The dominance of the trivializing frame in The Sunday Mail privileged the ruling party’s (Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front; ZANU PF) interpretation of electoral violence as inconsequential to the electoral process. Simultaneously, the prevalence of the victim, justice and human rights frames in The Independent and The Zimbabwean newspapers signifies the private media’s obsession with ZANU PF’s alleged electoral malpractices and situates these alleged transgressions within a broad global social justice and human rights trajectory to cultivate the West’s sympathy with the ‘victimised’ opposition.
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Martin, Robert. "Building Independent Mass Media in Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 30, no. 2 (June 1992): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010740.

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The 1980s were a terrible time for Africa. The decade began auspiciously enough — Nigeria had returned to civilian rule, the Tanzania People's Defence Force had sent Idi Amin packing, and the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe was about to win independence. But this promising beginning was quickly transformed and Africa sunk into its ‘lost decade’.
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Gwekwerere, Gadziro. "Gospel Music as a Mirror of the Political and Socio-Economic Developments in Zimbabwe, 1980-2007." Exchange 38, no. 4 (2009): 329–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016627409x12474551163619.

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AbstractThis paper explores, analyses and discusses Zimbabwean gospel song themes from 1980 up to 2007 in relation to the Zimbabwean political and socio-economic situations in the country. The history of the socio-economic and political development of Zimbabwe during 1980-2007 would certainly be incomplete without including gospel music. Until about the mid-1980s, the general atmosphere in the newly-independent state of Zimbabwe was characterized by liberation euphoria and great optimism for the future. Equally so, local gospel music during this period was largely celebrative and conformist as far as the political and socio-economic dispensation was concerned. Socio-economic hardships crept in as a result of the government's implementation of neo-liberal economic reforms under the guidance of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) during the early 1990s. The ruling party soon found itself confronted by a multitude of gospel musicians criticizing its policies and malpractices. Works of various gospel artistes will be used as evidence but due to issues of space, it has not been possible to cover all Zimbabwean gospel artists.
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Rohmer, Martin. "Form as Weapon: the Political Function of Song in Urban Zimbabwean Theatre." New Theatre Quarterly 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0001366x.

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In Zimbabwean society, what may not be spoken sometimes becomes acceptable in song – whether to avoid social taboos and enable a wife to complain against her mother-in-law, or in broadening the boundaries of political protest. In this article, Martin Rohmer looks back to the ways in which song enabled forms of protest against forced labour and other aspects of colonial rule – in times of outward compliance as well as of direct struggle – and considers how urban theatre groups in independent Zimbabwe have adapted the tradition to their own, contemporary ends. Martin Rohmer spent almost two years studying Zimbabwean theatre when a research assistant at the University of Bayreuth, and completed his doctorate on Theatre and Performance in Zimbabwe at the Humboldt University, Berlin, in 1997. Since then he has been working in the field of cultural management for the Young Artists' Festival in Bayreuth. The present paper was first presented at the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association in San Francisco in November 1996.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zimbabwe Independent"

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Ndlovu, Nompilo. "The Gukurahundi "genocide": memory and justice in independent Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30431.

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Operation Gukurahundi (1982-1987) commenced and endured within the Midlands and two Matabeleland Provinces of Zimbabwe through a Fifth Brigade army – trained by the North Koreans, and which was accountable to former President Robert Mugabe. This army sought to find 400 armed dissidents, but their excessively violent actions ultimately resulted in 20 000 civilians being killed, thousands being tortured and/or disappearing as well as 400 000 persons brought to the brink of starvation due to targeted food limitations within these regions. The story of Gukurahundi is complex and multifaceted, but significantly it was about the political annihilation of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU), as an opposition party, as well as their supporters - predominantly from these targeted provinces. Essentially, the key aspect that this study speaks to is: How has state denial and produced silences of Gukurahundi shaped survivor memories across generations; and contributed to justice in independent Zimbabwe? Amidst produced silences, Gukurahundi memory remains existent over 30 years after the occurrence and is nuanced in various ways. The study therefore looks into the memory traces of the post-Gukurahundi period through select reminiscences as shared by 30 survivors of Gukurahundi who offer a telling around what happened during Gukurahundi, and in the aftermath as key informants to the research. This study thus draws attention to ‘ordinary’ people’s stories, as narrated by them, and discusses them against oral history theory. In this regard, the research objectives are to analyse various memory debates associated with this occurrence, such as the nexus between memory and silence; gender and memory; spatialities of memory; as well as intergenerational memory. Another important gleaning which becomes a thread throughout the research is the connection between memory and language(s). Linkages between memory and justice are made, with reference to select initiatives across a variety of actors which are relied upon on as a means to address, memorialise as well as to survive Gukurahundi. Oftentimes these actors – including survivors themselves – address Gukurahundi outside of the Government of Zimbabwe’s arrangements. Finally, this research aims or hopes to contribute to post-conflict commendations.
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Mushinga, Mildred. "The 'small-house' : an ethnographic investigation into economically independent women and sexual networks in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57213.

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This study examines the small house concept ?in Zimbabwe focusing on economically independent women s motives for engaging in sexual relationships with married men. ?Small house is a colloquial and derogatory term that describes a married man s quasi-polygamous, informal, long term, secret sexual relationship with another woman. General public and private discourse conceptualises the small house as survival transactional sex and as a key driver of Zimbabwe s HIV epidemic. Consequently, public health campaigns educate people about the dangers of small housing as part of multiple concurrent partnerships and sexual networks discourses linked to the HIV epidemic. While economic inequalities between genders exist globally, narrow focused frameworks embedded in health and poverty discourses do injustice to the diversity and complexity of sex research. Pinning women s motivations for engaging in ?small-houses to lack of empowerment, sexual agency and poverty excludes some categories of seemingly ?low-risk women including the educated, economically stable, high socio-economic status women who knowingly and ?willingly engage in these highly stigmatized sexual relationships. Such approaches to the small house phenomenon neglect the intricacies and complex interconnections between sexual intimacy, desires, economic strategising and political manoeuvring. My research investigated this complexity through exploring the meanings these women attach to being small houses and their experiences in these relationships as they are intertwined with broader changing social, economic, political and cultural contexts in which they are located.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Anthropology and Archaeology
DPhil
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Zunguze, Timisela. "Defying the odds: Understanding the critical success factors for financing independent powers producers in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25643.

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Background: Since the introduction of legislation in Zimbabwe allowing private participation in generation, there has been significant investor interest in financing independent power producers (IPPs). However, this interest has not materialized into actual investment. Of the 29 IPPs licensed by the Zimbabwe Regulatory Authority (ZERA), only seven have reached financial closure and are supplying the grid. This dismal performance in the IPP space is a major concern for policy makers, particularly in light of the persistent power shortages plaguing the country. Stop gap measures such as the imports of power and load shedding are not sustainable and have detrimental effects on economic productivity. Expansion of private power generation is the only viable long term solution. In light of this, it is imperative to understand the factors that contribute towards successfully financing IPPs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for financing IPPs in Zimbabwe and specific strategies to improve the implementation of IPPs, to ensure as far as possible, a win-win scenario for all stakeholders. Methodology: This thesis employs a mixed methods approach consisting of a qualitative first phase of expert interviews to identify a core list of success factors, followed by a quantitative second phase, in which a questionnaire survey is used to examine the relative importance and ranking of the factors and to determine whether the ranking of factors varies by stakeholder grouping. Findings: A total of 40 success factors were identified, and 38 of the 40 were rated as critical for financing IPPs in Zimbabwe by stakeholders. The study also revealed that the expected debt paying ability of the project; a transparent and cost reflective tariff framework and upholding of contracts are the most critical factors for all stakeholders. The results indicated that there is low agreement in the the ranking of CSFs between the private sector and public sector. Value: This study provides a valuable reference for all stakeholders that are interested in developing IPPs in Zimbabwe.
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Musiyambiri, Joshua. "Leadership challenges to the Episcopacy in the Anglican Diocese of Harare in Post-Independent Zimbabwe : a pastoral theological perspective (1980-2013)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61195.

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Leadership is never understood or interpreted in a vacuum but is always situated in a context. The specific context of this study is post-independent Zimbabwe. Thus the context calls for democracy, transparency and local community participation. Yet it is also the context of many post-independent African countries who have opted for democracy in theory, but the leadership style is very authoritarian. Authoritarian leadership has a long tradition within the church and specifically in the Anglican Church, Diocese of Harare, where bishops were often seen as kings or very close to kings and yet there are also alternative views on leadership within the Christian tradition that emphasises servant leadership. Colonial leadership appears to have had a great impact in Africa, and some governments have adopted such leadership styles as autocratic, authoritarian, and dictatorial. Self-centred leadership, however, has a great chance of being a source for lawlessness and corruption. Leaders are vested with power and authority, and if such trust with power is abused, the majority of ordinary people suffer. It seems that the leadership pattern in the church is parallel to that of national governance, or rather, church leadership is influenced by an African king leadership model. The leadership challenges noted in this research are mainly about 1) race, 2) land and 3) power. The bible gives examples of normative ways of leadership, which elicit responsibility, accountability and giving value to other people. Christ's life of service to others demands that one regards oneself less while considering the other person's needs first. The Christian calling is that of sacrificial love expressed through serving others even when it means going through persecution for that. The question that this study will seek to grapple with is how to think about leadership in the Anglican Diocese of Harare taking all these aspects of the context into consideration and seeking a preferred leadership style for the office of the bishop. The researcher suggests servant leadership as the alternate model to be implemented by the church. As a long-term solution, the researcher suggests that the Anglican Church in Zimbabwe revisit its priestly formation programme and leaders from all levels in the church to emphasise a consolidated leadership focus.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Practical Theology
PhD
Unrestricted
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McClelland, Roderick William. "White discourse in post-independence Zimbabwean literature." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18261.

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Literally hundreds of novels were written by white Rhodesians during the U.D.I. era of the 1960s and 1970s. Since Independence, however, not much more than a handful of literary texts have been produced by whites in Zimbabwe. This dissertation, therefore, involves an interrogation of both white discourse and the (reduced) space for white discourse in postcolonial Zimbabwean society. In addition to the displaced moral space, and the removal of the economic and political power base, there has been an appropriation of control over the material means of production of any discourse and white discourse, which has become accustomed to its position of superiority due to its dominance and dominating tendencies, has struggled to come to terms with its new, non-hegemonic 'space'. In an attempt to come to some understanding of the literary silence and marginalisation of white discourse in post-independence Zimbabwe there has to be some understanding of the voice that was formed during the British South Africa Company's administration and which reached a crescendo of authoritarian self-assertion at the declaration of unilateral independence. Vital to this discussion (in Part I) is an uncovering of the myths that were intrinsic to white discourse in the way that they were created as justification for settlement and to propagandise the aggressive defence of that space that was forged in an alien landscape. These myths have not been easily cast aside and, hence, have made it so difficult for white discourse to adapt to post-colonial society. Most Rhodesian novels were extremely partisan and promulgated these myths. Part II, discusses ex post facto novels about the war (from the white perspective) to investigate whether white discourse is recognising the lies that make up so much of its belief system. This investigation of this particular perspective of the war, then, will help to define at what stage white Zimbabweans are at in the development of a national culture. Part III takes this discussion of acculturation and national unity further. Furthermore, through the discussion of a number of novels in this chapter, it is argued that white discourse is struggling to come to terms with its non-hegemonic position and is continuing to attempt to assert its control. The 'space' available to the early settlers' discourse for appropriation, however, has been removed and, in the reduced space available to white discourse, one continued area of possible control is that of conservation.
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Jenkins, Carolyn. "Post-independence economic policies and outcomes in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313181.

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Lueker, Lorna L. "Women, war and social change in Zimbabwe : the challenge of independence /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9835398.

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Mushimbo, Creed. "Land reform in post-independence Zimbabwe a case of Britain's neo-colonial intrancigence /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1131378400.

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Moyo, Chelesani. "A critical history of the rise and fall of the first ever independently owned Matabeleland publication in Zimbabwe : the case of The Southern Star." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013273.

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This research is premised on the understanding that alternative forms of media emerge to deal with specific ideological projects and, as such, must be seen as satisfying a specific need at a specific point in time. Using the case of a weekly newspaper, The Southern Star which was in circulation from January 2012 to June 2012, this study sought to understand the factors that led to the establishment of the newspaper, what it sought to achieve, how it went about putting that into practice, its message in relation to debates emanating from the ‘Matabeleland Question’ and also the factors that led to the its collapse. In order to address my research questions, I adopted a two stage research design qualitative content analysis and semi structured in depth interviews. In locating the study within the qualitative epistemic understanding of research, it was clear from the qualitative content analysis of 13 editions of the publication and in depth interviews held with 15 respondents that the newspaper was set up with the aim of serving a marginalised section of the population (in this instance the Ndebele) by providing them with a platform to articulate issues affecting them. It also sought to ‘speak’ the ‘unspoken’ within the mainstream media by focusing on Matabeleland identity politics. It achieved this by creating content around the Gukurahundi genocide, Matabeleland development, Matabeleland history and Matabeleland heroes. The newspaper also sought to emancipate the people from the South by advocated for social, cultural, economic and political justice as a resolution to the ‘Matabeleland Question’. However, the newspaper failed to sustain operations due to lack of advertising revenue. As a result of the constraining political environment in which the newspaper operated, potential advertisers were afraid of placing advertisements in the newspaper because of the nature of the content produced, which in view of Zimbabwe’s rival ethnic history, could easily be labelled ethnically divisive. Also, being a new player in the market worked to their disadvantage as prospective advertisers opted to place their adverts in “tried and tested” publications (Zimpapers and Alpha Media Holdings). Additionally, because of poor management, roles were not clearly defined and hence the newspaper failed to operate as a business enterprise. As noted during interviews with junior reporters, there was little or no experience at management level. The paper lacked a coordinated circulation strategy and from inception, was never officially launched, which resulted in the failure to reach significant audiences.
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Kenrick, David William. "Pioneers and progress : white Rhodesian nation-building, c.1964-1979." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9e3ff0d-dfca-4e19-8adc-788c3e7faf9f.

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The thesis explores the white Rhodesian nationalist project led by the Rhodesian Front (RF) government in the UDI-period of 1965 to 1979. It seeks to examine the character and content of RF nation-building, arguing that it is important to consider the context of wider global and regional trends of nationalism at the time. Thus, it places the white Rhodesia within wider 'British World' studies of settler societies within the British Empire, but also compares it to other African nationalist movements in the 1960s and 1970s. It studies white Rhodesian nationalism on its own terms as a sincere, albeit unrealistic, alternative to majority-rule independence, and considers how the RF adapted over the period in its continuing attempts to justify minority-rule in an era of global decolonisation. Two thematic sections examine the RF's nation-building project in systematic detail. The first section, on symbolism, considers Rhodesia's processes of 'symbolic decolonisation'. This involved white Rhodesians creating new national symbols not associated with Britain or the British Empire. Processes by which new national symbols were chosen are used as a lens to explore white Rhodesian debates about their 'new' nation after the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was taken in 1965. They reveal the ambiguities and complexities at the heart of the RF's nation-building project; a project that was frequently exclusionary and hotly contested at every opportunity. The second section explores how history was used to help create and defend the nation, adding to studies of the use of history in nationalist projects. It considers a range of non-professional sites of history-making, demonstrating the complicated relationships between these different sites and the state's wider nationalist agenda. It also explores how history was invoked to justify and defend minority-rule independence both before and after UDI.
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Books on the topic "Zimbabwe Independent"

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Chitando, Ezra, Joachim Kügler, and Masiiwa Ragies Gunda. Multiplying in the spirit: African initiated churches in Zimbabwe. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press, 2014.

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Cheater, Angela P. The politics of factory organization: A case study in independent Zimbabwe. Gweru, Zimbabwe: Mambo Press, 1986.

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Jeffrey, Balch, Roskam Karel Lodewijk, and African-European Institute, eds. Support to independent Namibia: Conference report, Harare, Zimbabwe, April 1-5, 1989. Amsterdam: African-European Institute, 1989.

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The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's monetary policy transparency: An independent review. Harare: Southern Bureau of Strategic Studies Trust, 2009.

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The self-understanding of African instituted churches: A study based on the Church of the Apostles founded by John of Marange in Zimbabwe. Aachen: Verl. an der Lottbek, 1999.

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Cox, Richard Hubert Francis. Southern Africa: A concise guide for independent travellers to South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. London: Thornton Cox, 1992.

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Cox, Richard. Southern Africa: A concise guide for independent travellers to South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. 4th ed. London: Thornton Cox, 1991.

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Cox, Richard Hubert Francis. Southern Africa: A concise guide for independent travellers to South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. London: Thornton Cox, 1992.

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Cox, Richard Hubert Francis. Southern Africa: A concise guide for independent travellers to South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. 6th ed. New York, NY: Hippocrene Books, 1995.

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Trust, Students Solidarity, ed. A survey of challenges, opportunities, and threats faced by students with disabilities in the post-independent era in Zimbabwe. Harare]: Students Solidarity Trust, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Zimbabwe Independent"

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Dombo, Sylvester. "Press and Politics in Independent Zimbabwe to 1999." In Private Print Media, the State and Politics in Colonial and Post-Colonial Zimbabwe, 121–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61890-6_6.

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Laakso, Liisa. "Research Debates in Zimbabwe: From Analysis to Practice." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 1–14. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_1.

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Rønning, Helge. "The Media in Zimbabwe: The Struggle between State and Civil Society." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 196–221. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_10.

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Raftopoulos, Brian, and Daniel Compagnon. "Indigenization, the State Bourgeoisie and Neo-authoritarian Politics." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 15–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_2.

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Kanyenze, Godfrey. "The Performance of the Zimbabwean Economy, 1980–2000." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 34–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_3.

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Spierenburg, Marja. "Natural Resource Management in the Communal Areas: From Centralization to Decentralization and Back Again." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 78–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_4.

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Kriger, Norma. "Zimbabwe’s War Veterans and the Ruling Party: Continuities in Political Dynamics." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 104–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_5.

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Laakso, Liisa. "Regional Voting and Cabinet Formation." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 122–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_6.

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Närman, Anders. "Education in Zimbabwe: A Matter of Success?" In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 140–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_7.

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Sylvester, Christine. "Vacillations Around Women: The Overlapping Meanings of ‘Women’ in the Zimbabwean Context." In Twenty Years of Independence in Zimbabwe, 159–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948120_8.

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