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1
Clark, Margaret Beckwith. "Interdisciplinary ministry collaboration, faith and health." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ55427.pdf.
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Mandaza, Mapesa Nixjoen. "Health Information Technology Implementation Strategies in Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2452.
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The adoption rate of health information technology (HIT) remains low in developing countries, where healthcare institutions experience high operating costs and loss of revenue, which are related to systems and processes inefficiency. The purpose of this case study was to explore strategies leaders in Zimbabwe used to implement HIT. The conceptual framework of the study was Davis's technology acceptance model (TAM). Data were gathered through observations, review of organizational documents (i.e., policies, procedures, and guidelines), and in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 10 healthcare leaders and end-users from hospitals in Zimbabwe who had successfully implemented HIT. Transcribed interview data were coded and analyzed for emerging themes. Implementation strategies, overcoming barriers to adoption, and user acceptance emerged as the themes most healthcare leaders associated with successful HIT projects. Several subthemes also emerged, including: (a) the importance of stakeholder involvement, (b) the importance of management buy-in, and (c) the low level of IT literacy among healthcare workers. The strategies identified in this study may provide a foundation on which healthcare leaders in developing countries can successfully adopt and implement HIT. The recommendations from this study could lead to positive social change by providing leaders with knowledge and skills to use information technology strategies to deliver better healthcare at lower costs while creating employment for local communities.
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Grant, Debora Felita. "Collaborative campus ministry and its impact on women's health." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1999. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/264.
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This project dissertation, entitled “Collaborative Campus Ministry and Its Impact on Women’s Health,” provides a foundation from which to develop a collaborative campus ministry that approaches issues relating to women’s health on a historically Black campus. The dissertation includes the results of a collaboration between the Campus Ministry Office, Health Service Center, and Counseling at Morris Brown College, along with local congregations and community agencies and organizations.
This project dissertation presents the development and findings of Sisters Aligned and Living Together (SALT): A Women’s Health Conference. Project SALT provided basic information for the development and operation of a weilness program Health Education Resource Service(HERS) designed to address health concerns and challenges of many young African American women at Morris Brown College and other college campuses as well as in local congregations.
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AlAbri, Ahmed. "Risk management for Ministry of Health educational institutions(MOHEIs)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9400/.
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Risk and risk perception are important concepts for strategic planning and management of an organisation. Risk management (RM) refers to systematic collection and analysis of data to determine the potentially adverse effects of an organisation’s strategic objectives (risk), and the development of mitigation strategies to counteract organisational uncertainties. Such uncertainties are increasing with the rapid development and expansion of the higher education sector (HE). Globalisation, increased competition for funding, advances in information and communication technology, increased social expectations, and many additional challenges have made the educational and research process more complex. This research aims to: 1) assess the level of staff awareness/participation on risk management among the 14 Ministry of Health Educational Institutions (MOHEIs); 2) identify, evaluate MOHEIs’ risks as perceived by MOHEIs staff, and 3) develop a risk management plan with recommendations, to improve the management of risk in MOHEIs. The RM endeavour is part of the new public management (NPM) reform of HE and it adds value to HEIs and their stakeholders. Both aim to: 1) improve the competitive advantage through a better understanding of risk in the operational environment, and 2) improve efficiency and effective use of resources. Diversifying funding sources, privatisation of some services (thereby sharing/transferring risk to other partners) and decentralisation of some authority to the lower organisation level will empower staff to identify risks at local level and assist in developing mitigation strategies that meet their departments’ or units’ needs. The literature review reveals many risk management standards/frameworks, which use similar processes, that include six main steps (1) Defining Context, (2) Event Identification, (3) Risk Assessment, (4) Risk response, (5) Risk Communication and, (5) Evaluation and Monitoring. In the present work I have adapted the first three of these steps through a mixed action research approach. Three data gathering methods were employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data: 1) content analysis of local, national and international published documents, 2) focus group discussions with eight senior managers and academic staff from various institutions and disciplines, and 3) two-round Delphi survey with participation of 158 MOHEIs staff. The research revealed 20 risks, of which seven risks have been rated as MOHEIs top priority risks. These include: (1) breakdown of equipment/applications; (2) inadequate infrastructure; (3) breach of IT or data security; (4) low student satisfaction; (5) insufficient funding: (6) slow procurement processes; and, (7) rising cost of employment. A risk management plan was thus developed to mitigate these seven risks through 21 treatment strategies, 69 operational activities, and 46 key risk indicators. This research highlights the need to develop a risk management framework or standard that caters for all MOHEIs levels and take into consideration the social and cultural values of the stakeholders. Until a risk management framework is established, the results of this research recommend quality assurance section to take the lead in implementing the proposed risk management plan.
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Chifamba, Dominic. "Health Care Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening in Harare Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7468.
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Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women of all age groups in Zimbabwe, and mortality and incidence continue to increase. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to assess the factors that influence the utilization of cervical cancer screening services by Zimbabwean women living in Harare, Zimbabwe. Because personal beliefs influence screening, this study was guided by the health belief model (HBM). A total of 394 women whose ages ranged from 18 to 65 years were recruited from a health care facility in Harare. A 40-item closed-ended questionnaire was used to assess participants' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and cervical screening practices. Descriptive analysis was used to characterize the sample, and logistic regression was used to explore the effects of the hypothesized predictor variables. Results indicated that the strongest predictors of screening were monthly income, marital status, and the HBM construct perceived barriers. The study may promote positive social change as findings may be used to formulate policies that may encourage women to adopt preventive screening practices, which may save lives and reduce costs associated with treating cervical cancer when diagnosed at an advanced stage.
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Waterkeyn, Juliet Anne Virginia. "Cost-effective health promotion and hygiene behaviour change through community health clubs in Zimbabwe." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682348/.
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Although safe sanitation and hygiene is critical for improving family health, rural communities in Sub Saharan Africa have shown little inclination to change their traditional behaviour, and sanitation coverage has now dropped to 47% (Cairncross 2003). With the Millennium Development Goals seeking to halve the 2.4 billion people without sanitation by the year 2015, there is an urgent need to find cost-effective health promotion strategies that will actively engage rural householders in modifying risky hygiene behaviour. This thesis evaluates an approach, developed over the past ten years in Zimbabwe, in which Community Health Clubs have successfully galvanised rural communities into active behaviour change leading to a strong demand for sanitation. In Tsholotsho District, after six months of weekly hygiene promotion sessions, at the cost of US 35c per beneficiary, good health knowledge of nine different topics was 47% higher in the intervention than for the control, and latrine coverage rose to 43% contrasted to 2% in the control area, with the remaining 57% members without latrines practicing faecal burial, a method previously unknown (p>0.0001). Spot observations of 736 Health Club households in two districts was contrasted to 172 in a control group, and showed highly significant changes in 17 key hygiene practices (p>0.0001) including hand washing. The study demonstrates that if a strong community structure is developed and the norms of a community are altered by peer pressure from a cyclical to linear world view, hygiene behaviour change will ensue and a demand for sanitation can be created. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1954) is adapted to a rural context to analyse the qualitative data, providing some insight into the socio-cultural mechanisms at work. Despite adverse socio-economic conditions in Zimbabwe over the past five years, Health Clubs have flourished, providing a sustainable and cost-effective case study.
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Murambidzi, Ignicious. "Conceptualisation of mental illness among Christian clergy in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23421.
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Background: More than 13% of the global burden of disease is estimated to be due to neuropsychiatric disorders, with over 70% of this burden in low- and middle-income countries. Characterised by severe shortages of human and material resources, formal mental health services alone are inadequate to meet the burden of mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. New community models and innovative ways of increasing community participation and systematic delegation of specific tasks to other community level professionals have been recommended. Available evidence documents historic clergy involvement in health and wellbeing issues, but they have rarely been viewed as a partner in community mental health care. Aim: This study examines the clergy's conception, recognition of and responses to people with mental illnesses. The purpose of the study is to inform the potential roles and contributions of the clergy to community mental health either as the only contact or as a step in to formal mental health care. Method: Twenty eight in-depth interviews were conducted with clergy from ten church denominations in Harare, Zimbabwe. A framework analysis approach was used for thematic analysis. Nvivo 10 qualitative data software was used to organise the data. Results: Mental illness was conceived as a multifactor phenomenon attributed to both natural (biological and psychosocial) and supernatural (malevolent and benevolent spiritual) causes. Spiritual factors were a dominant theme in both the clergy's views on the causes of, and in their management of mental illness. The clergy were regularly consulted on a variety of emotional and psychological problems. Assistance was readily provided for these problems by all denominations, despite professed capacity gaps in the recognition and management of mental illness, and lack of appropriate training in basic mental health issues. Basic mental health training was recommended by the clergy to enhance clergy capacity for mental health awareness raising, recognition of mental disorders, brief problem focused counseling, and for improving collaborative management for initial and continued informal and formal health care and support. Implications of clergy conceptions, current responses and the perceived role of the church in community mental health are discussed.
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Ferguson, Clare. "Reproductive rights and citizenship : family planning in Zimbabwe." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1540/.
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In this thesis, the relevance and practical value of discourses about reproductive rights to women living in a rural area of Zimbabwe are examined. Policy documents indicate that the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council's (ZNFPC's) community based distribution service is based on principles of respect for particular definitions of reproductive rights and, concomitantly, a degree of women's reproductive self determination. In contrast, recent analyses of post Independence government action suggest that, as citizens of Zimbabwe, women are generally defined as dependants of men. This raises questions about the impact of the context of women's citizenship on the interpretation and realisation of reproductive rights through the family planning programme. Field work data focuses on the interpretation of policy and the consequent practices of local level health workers as well as women's interactions with health workers and their implications for reproductive self determination within household relations. It is suggested that health workers' actions result in the differential realisation of reproductive rights for particular social groups. Health worker relations with clients, in turn, reinforce differences between women in terms of the extent to which they are able to exercise reproductive self-determination within household relations. State employed health workers, in effect, act as policemen of private reproductive decision making. The use of an analytical framework of rights and citizenship highlights the relatively neglected issue of the political system in which family planning programmes are embedded. It is argued that health worker accountability to village populations is as important as the content of policy in determining the realisation and practical value of discourses about reproductive rights to rural women.
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Chigwenah, Tariro. "Explaining the socio-economic inequalities in child immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32533.
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Socioeconomic inequalities in health have received significant attention globally because of the well-known association between wealth and health. A lot of studies show that poor people are more prone to sickness than their counterparts. Immunisation has been a key antidote to avert deaths for children under the age of 5. This study represents an initial attempt to assess specific variables that contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe. Data were obtained from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey, a nationally representative survey. Immunisation coverage was measured using four categories: full immunisation (a child who will have received 10 doses of vaccines), partial immunisation (a child who will have received at least one but not all vaccines), no immunisation (a child who will not have received any immunisation dose from birth) and immunisation intensity (a proportion of doses received to total doses that they should have received). Inequalities in immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe were assessed using concentration curves and indices. A positive (negative) concentration index indicates immunisation coverage concentrated among the rich (poor). The concentration index was decomposed to identify how different variables contribute to the socioeconomic inequality in immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe. Results indicate that immunisation intensity and full immunisation concentration indices were (0.0154) and (0.0250) respectively, indicating that children from lower socio-economic status are less likely to receive all doses of vaccines. No immunisation and partial immunisation concentration indices were (-0.0778) and (-0.0878) indicating that children from higher socioeconomic status are more likely to have their children immunised opposed to their poor counterparts. The main contributors to socioeconomic inequality in immunisation coverage are the mother's education, socioeconomic status and place of residence (rural/urban and province). While immunisation services are free of charge in the public health sector in Zimbabwe, coverage rates are higher among the wealthy, which shows that there may be barriers to utilising these services that may not be the direct cost of vaccination. There have to be measures by the government to reach people in areas that are not easily accessible. Also, more needs to be done to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in Zimbabwe.
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Lukwa, Akim Tafadzwa. "Socioeconomic inequalities in skilled birth attendance in Zimbabwe: a comparative analysis." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32768.
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This dissertation assessed socioeconomic inequalities in skilled birth attendance in Zimbabwe. High maternal mortality in low-income countries is a cause of concern globally. Skilled birth attendance prevents a substantial number of maternal deaths and it is critical for ensuring overall maternal health. However, sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by challenges in accessing skilled birth attendance. The existence of health inequalities has been demonstrated when simple comparisons are made by residence (rural-urban), education and wealth (poorrich) in developing nations. The study used data from the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS) of 2010/11 and 2015. The analysis focused on women of child-bearing age (15-49 years). Skilled birth attendance was determined by women assisted by health personnel with midwife training. Health personnel was defined as a nurse, midwife or doctor. A binary logistic regression model was computed to understand the relationship between skilled birth attendance, demographic attributes and some explanatory variables. Standard concentration curves and Wagstaff normalized concentration indices were used to assess whether skilled birth attendance was dominant among the poor or rich in Zimbabwe. Overall skilled birth attendance prevalence increased for the periods under review. Regression results showed that antenatal care visits, residence status, place of delivery, women level of education, employment status and marital status are statistically significant predictors of skilled birth attendance. Wagstaff normalized concentration indices of aggregated use of skilled birth personnel reflected that wealthy women were more likely to receive skilled birth attendance. The concentration curves for aggregated skilled birth attendance showed minimal existence of health inequalities, as the concentration curves almost coincided with the line of equality. However, a disaggregated analysis by health personnel revealed the existence of health inequalities. In summary, minimal socioeconomic inequalities exist if skilled birth attendance aggregated, but when assessed by different health personnel categories, widening socioeconomic inequalities are observed.
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Nilses, Carin. "Health in Women of Reproductive Age : A Survey in Rural Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2000. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4893-3/.
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Miller, David Teekell. "The establishment of a suicide prevention ministry team." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Chou, Jeanie. "Introducing mental health issues in an Asian Ameican [sic] women's ministry." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Project (M.A.R.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, 2005.An integrative project submitted to the Faculty of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religion. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57).
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Sofia, Gustina, and n/a. "Information needs of health researchers at the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia." University of Canberra. Information, Language & Culture, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.083237.
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The present study attempted to investigate the information needs/information seeking
behaviour of health researchers at the National Institute of Health Research and
Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Its objective was to identify the
relationship between information needs/information seeking behaviour and the
characteristics of those health professionals. Those characteristics include institution
to which health professionals belonged, institution geographic location, level of
appointment, level of education, and work experience.
Research was carried out through survey by using a questionnaire. This survey
obtained a response rate of 92 percent from a sample of 131 health professionals.
Their information needs/information seeking behaviour were correlated with their
characteristics to determine relationships, and the Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Frequency distribution, chi-square
analysis, and descriptive analysis were used to obtain the results.
The study found that the health information available did not match the health
professionals' needs and that there was strong demand by these personnel for automated
information services. It also found that total hours reading per week was significantly
related to level of appointment, level of education, and work experience at other
institutions. The perceived usefulness of journals as information sources was
significantly related to institution, geographic location, level of appointment, level of
education and work experience at other institutions. Government publications and
statistical data as a source of information were found to be related significantly to
institution and geographic location. There was also a relationship between the
perceived value of reference books and work experience at the current institution. The
usefulness of library catalogues as a guide to information was found to be related
significantly to institution and geographic location, as was the usefulness of abstracting
and indexing services to level of education. Frequency of visiting libraries was
significantly related to institution, geographic location and level of appointment. The
membership of professional organizations and obtaining useful information from
friends, colleagues or personal contact were found to be significantly related to level of
education.
The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for further research.
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Kurasha, Flora Marvellous Nyasha. "Wealth, health, and inequality: a study of hyperinflation and households in Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33750.
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This study focuses on Zimbabwe's first hyperinflation which began in March 2007 and peaked at 231 million percent in July 2008. Through a comparative pre-post analysis, the study investigates hyperinflation's effects on the well-being of households, its empirical chapters assessing changes in asset poverty, asset inequality and child malnutrition before and after the hyperinflation. The first empirical chapter assesses the shifts in asset poverty. Household holdings of physical assets and recorded access to public utilities are drawn from the 1994, 1999, 2005 (prehyperinflation) and the 2010 and 2015 (post-hyperinflation) Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey datasets. These are used to construct an asset index, with the 20th and 40th percentiles as relative poverty lines. Asset-derived poverty headcount and poverty gaps are measured and compared across the two periods. The national asset poverty headcount ratio decreased by 27 percent largely driven by of the experience of rural households whose asset poverty headcount fell by 31 percent. In contrast urban households experienced a 51 percent increase in asset poverty in this period. The second empirical chapter assesses the shifts in asset inequality during the hyperinflation. Rather than focus on income inequality, it continues using asset holdings and constructs pre- and post-hyperinflation asset Gini coefficients for urban and rural households. These show decreased asset inequality during the hyperinflationary period. At a national level, inequality decreased by 7 percent and in rural areas by 2 percent. The decrease in inequality on a national level was mainly attributable to the increase in private assets among rural households. However, there was a 2 percent increase in inequality among urban households, largely attributable to ownership of private assets. Land and livestock were the main drivers of inequality. The final empirical chapter focuses on the changes in child nutrition during the hyperinflation, and the factors contributing to these changes amongst children under the age of 5. Using Mosley and Chen's (1984) proximate determinants analytic framework, multivariate Logistic regression analyses revealed that wasting and stunting increased with inflation. Other related factors were poor access to electricity, safe drinking water, improved toilets and healthcare, as well as low levels of mother's education and asset wealth.
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Mukangara, Martha. "Evangelism as a local church outreach ministry to women and children affected with HIV and AIDS at Chikanga UMC in Zimbabwe, Africa." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/334.
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Of the many challenges that Zimbabwe is facing, the HIV and AIDS pandemic ranks most threatening. This project draws attention and focuses on set-ups probing into the nature of the approaches to combat the pandemic. Given the issues surrounding the spread of the virus, including, for example, stigmatization/discrimination, sexuality, models of transmission, cultural beliefs and practices, trauma, health-care services, aid organizations as well as governance issues. People raise questions that cut across the societal belief terrains on the one hand, and scientific/technological advancements on the other. This project explores how to empower women and children with HIV and AIDS and proposes eight healthy practices and a year- program outline for in- depth understanding and assimilation of caring awareness designed for children in Sunday school, youth in Bible Study, and adults in women’s/men’s fellowship groups. This project comprises of four chapters and uses library research, including reviews of published studies, books and articles written from the perspective of women affected with HIV and AIDS and caring for AIDS patients. The first chapter introduces and delineates the nature and scope of the project. The second chapter provides the overview of the history of Zimbabwe, describes the current state of women and children and causes of HIV and AIDS, and transformation through evangelism model in relationship with Atlanta Interfaith AIDS Network program (AlAN). The third chapter highlights the positive and negative role of religion in Zimbabwe, definition of HIV and AIDS in the African tradition, and negative role of Christians in Zimbabwe. The fourth chapter identifies theology of reconstruction and concept of “Jesus the only way to salvation.” The fifth chapter addresses the ministry title, which is Pastoral Leadership, Theology, Healthy Congregations and Community, and liberating people from different problems. The sixth chapter offers the outline of the project. It involves the primary settin~ secondary setting, and producing a complete dissertation of the total project. The seventh chapter sums up the necessity of healthy congregation in the 21S1 century, and needs of transformation in the nature of HIV and AIDS. The eighth chapters are the bibliographical References.
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Bhebhe-Mpofu, Adilaid. "An investigation into the popularity of Zimbabwe's first health communication soap opera, Studio 263 : a qualitative reception study of Bulawayo students aged between 15 and 20 years." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013310.
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Within the context of debates concerning the reception and interpretation of media texts by television audiences, this qualitative reception study explores how a sample of Bulawayo students negotiate meanings from Zimbabwe's first health communication soap opera, Studio 263. The study thus examines the reasons behind the popularity of this programme with this target audience. The findings of the study reveal that meaning making is a complex process that is dependent on a variety of factors which include, among others, the socio-cultural context of media consumption, gender, economic disposition and age. It particularly maintains that gender and lived realities influence the interpretation and negotiation of meanings in this particular study.Adobe Acrobat Pro 11.0.0 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Chanza, Alfred Witness Dzanja. "An assessment of the motivational value of rewards among health professionals in Malawi's Ministry of Health." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020330.
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The assessment of the motivational value of rewards in the world of work is interesting but difficult to understand. Variations in research reports and inadequate comprehension of the efficiency and motivational value of rewards have brought about confusions, controversies and contradictions among authors, researchers, consultants and practitioners in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology (Mangham, 2007; Muula, 2006; Muula & Maseko, 2005; Palmer, 2006; World Bank, 2004). As a consequence, organisations are applying theories and models of motivation selectively depending on their beliefs, ideological framework of values and assumptions (Dzimbiri, 2009). The study was therefore carried out as a positive contribution to the existing knowledge and debate on the motivational value of rewards for health professionals in the public health sectors of the developing countries. Through a systematic sampling method, 571 health professionals were sampled for the study. Data were collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire which was composed based on the data collected from desk research/literature review, focus group discussions and interviews. The findings of the study revealed that the Malawi‟s Ministry of Health (MoH) is failing to attract, motivate and retain health professionals; there is perception of inequity of the rewards among the health professionals; health professionals develop coping strategies to supplement their monthly financial rewards; health professionals engage in corrupt practices to supplement their monthly financial rewards; and there is erosion of industrial democracy in the Malawi‟s Public Health Sector. While the statistical testing of the hypothesized model proved a lack of fit between the variables, the statistical testing of the re-specified model suggests that there is a positive relationship between financial rewards and reward-related problems being faced by health professionals in the Malawi‟s MoH. Through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) exercise, an inverse (negative) relationship between financial and non-financial rewards was deduced, and scientifically and graphically demonstrated. Both the re-specified and graphical models symbolize a pragmatic departure from the theoretical model whose authors (Franco, Bennett, Kanfer & Stubblebine, 2004) are largely inclined to the use of non-financial rewards and suggest that financial rewards should be used with caution. These findings also reject the Herzberg‟s two factor theory (Herzberg, 1960) which claims that financial rewards (salaries) are not a motivator. The major recommendations of the study are that the Franco et al.‟s (2004) model should be adopted and adapted in the Malawi‟s MoH with the view that the value of both financial and non-financial rewards (as motivators) varies from individual to individual due to individual differences and prevailing factors/forces in both the work environment and wider society in which the MoH operates; a hybrid reward system combining the strengths of time-based, performance-based and competence-based reward systems should be developed and implemented; the results of scientifically testing the re-specified model and the inverse (causal) relationship established between financial and non-financial rewards (as demonstrated in a graphic model) should be re-tested with other samples in the public health sectors of the developing countries; and the motivational value of non-financial rewards should be scientifically established and compared with the motivational value of financial rewards used independent of each other in business organisations to make an objective conclusion on the rewards-motivation debate.
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Sisimayi, Thenjiwe. "Predictors of Rapid Repeat Pregnancy in Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7508.
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Rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP) is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes and a range of undesirable social and economic challenges for the mother, her baby, and society. Although the consequences of RRP are well known, Zimbabweâa country with some of the poorest maternal health indicatorsâhas not investigated or made efforts to directly address this problem. This is confirmed by the lack of targeted programs to curb RRP, the unavailability of documented evidence regarding RRP significant risk factors, and the lack of understanding of the extent of RRP in the country. Using social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, an unmatched case-control study was conducted using data from the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey of 2015 to determine the prevalence of RRP and to assess associations between sociodemographic, sexual-relational, women's health, fertility preference, previous birth outcomes, and social factors and having an RRP in Zimbabwe. Logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant associations between all factors except for women's health characteristics. The prevalence of RRP among women of reproductive age (15â49 years) in Zimbabwe was 50.2%. The high prevalence of RRP and the multiple statistically significant associations reported in this study affirm the need for Zimbabwe to make prevention of RRP a public health priority. Zimbabwe must develop targeted interventions that work in context and integrate these into an ongoing comprehensive family planning program. In-depth research is needed to establish and understand the underlying motivations for having an RRP among Zimbabwean women. Such information may help develop targeted interventions to create social change.
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Siduna, Willie. "Access barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zimbabwe: a case study of Chivhu Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12275.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Access to healthcare is one of the basic social goods which ensures that individuals lead healthy and long lives. There is an increased need towards ensuring access to health care for all, which has led to the question of how access is defined. Access in this study is defined as the degree of fit between the health care system and patients. It involves an interaction between the system and patients in a way which removes access barriers to care. A comprehensive framework was used to measure access in this study. The framework allows for a systematic approach to the concept of access and measures access in three dimensions namely affordability, availability and acceptability. Using this framework, the study looked into the factors affecting access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) by patients at Chivhu Hospital in Zimbabwe. Chivhu was chosen because it has a mixed population of urban and rural patients which represents the typical Zimbabwean population. A cross sectional study design was adopted for this study.
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Masuka, Pardon. "An evaluation of the access to public health care for diabetic patients in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10753.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-127).Zimbabwe is facing very serious economic challenges including hyperinflation, poor international relations, scarce foreign currency and a crumbling infrastructure. This situation has adversely affected all sectors of the economy, including health care. Resources for health care have significantly dwindled and the population's disposable incomes are very low. However, the burden of disease due to HIV/AIDS, TB, Malaria and Diabetes is increasing unabated. Thus, the current study seeks to determine whether public sector diabetes care services are available, affordable, acceptable and also whether access to care is equitable or not. A cross sectional design was adopted for this study. Questionnaires were administered to 179 patients who presented at public health facilities in Harare, 15 provider interviews were done, 15 health facility checklists were completed, one Provincial Medical Director completed a questionnaire and three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Purposive sampling was used for key informant interviews (PMDs) and also, in the selection of FGD participants. For provider interviews, nurses who attended to Diabetics were selected as respondents. All Diabetic patients who presented for care at selected health facilities were interviewed. The study also conveniently selected 10 facilities from high density areas, three from the medium and two from the low density areas for checklists. Study findings show that the major challenges lie with availability and affordability of care. In summary, there is a shortage of resources such as staff, drugs, equipment and supplies. Patients also face high direct and indirect costs of care due to high drug, food and transport costs. Membership of medical aid seems to be restricted to the richest patients. Moreover, poorest the patients do not belong to any support groups. However, the interaction between patients and their providers is reported to be good. There is a high level of trust between patients and their providers and in addition, patients affirm that providers respect the principle of confidentiality.
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Fransson, Maria, and Sofia Settergren. "Effekten av tandrengöring med tuggpinnar i Zimbabwe - En fältstudie." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19747.
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I västvärlden använder de flesta personer tandborste för rengöring av tänderna. I andra delar av världen kan faktorer som ekonomi, kultur och religion bidra till att människor istället använder sig av tuggpinne som tandrengöringshjälpmedel. WHO rekommenderar och uppmuntrar användandet av tuggpinne som en effektiv metod för tandrengöring.Studiens syfte var att undersöka effekten av tandrengöring med tuggpinnar, jämfört med konventionell tandborstning, avseende förekomst av parodontit och karies hos individer i Zimbabwe.Studiens design var i form av en fältstudie som utformades så att två olika patientgrupper undersöktes. Den ena gruppen använde tandborste och den andra använde tuggpinne i sin dagliga rengöring av tänderna. Kariesprevalens och parodontitstatus registrerades. Populationen var fördelad på 26 individer i tandborstegruppen och 8 individer i tuggpinnegruppen. Resultatsammanställningen visade på en skillnad mellan grupperna med avseende på kariesprevalens. För tuggpinnegruppen var medelantal kariesangrepp 0,8 stycken per individ jämfört med 2,3 stycken per individ för tandborstegruppen. Skillnader i fickdjup mellan grupperna varierade. För fickor ≥4mm var medelantal 6,6 stycken per individ i tuggpinnegruppen och 4,8 stycken per individ i tandborstegruppen. För fickor ≥5mm var medelantal 4,0 stycken per individ i tuggpinnegruppen och 3,2 stycken per individ i tandborstegruppen. För fickor ≥6mm var medelantal 0,9 stycken per individ i tuggpinnegruppen och 1,7 stycken per individ i tandborstegruppen.Slutsatsen vi drar av detta arbete är att det finns en tendens att tuggpinne är bättre än tandborste avseende grav parodontit och karies. För att stärka dessa tendenser skulle man behöva rekrytera fler individer. De tendenser vi ser i denna studie går i linje med WHOs rekommendationer att uppmuntra användandet av tuggpinnar som effektiv metod för tandrengöring.
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Chandiwana, Shingirai David. "The economic burden of 'malaria' morbidity on households in Mtoko district of North-Eastern Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9342.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-147).This thesis presents the findings of a research on the economic burden of malaria morbidity to rural households in Mtoko district of North-East Zimbabwe. The main objective of this study was to ascertain the household level impacts of direct costs (medical costs, consultation costs, transport costs and other related costs) and indirect costs (lost productive time by malaria sufferers whilst sick, lost time by caretakers whilst caring for the sick) due to malaria sickness. A cross sectional study with both descriptive and analytical features was carried out and the main finding from the research was that the economic costs of seeking malaria care were regressive. In other words the poor were using a higher percentage of their income whilst seeking malaria care. In addition, access to care was very limited for the poor as they either could not afford to access the care because of prohibitive costs or they were geographically too far away from sources of care to easily access it. Furthermore, indirect costs were far higher than direct costs as they constituted a greater percentage of total malaria costs. It was concluded that measures meant to exempt the poor from paying for malaria treatment and care were needed to limit the economic burden of malaria morbidity on poor households. The need to ensure that cheap affordable malaria drugs were available to the affected rural people is imperative.
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Khoza, Augustine. "Pharmacy Stores Profitability and Sustainability in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3251.
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Zimbabwe's catastrophic economic decline resulted in a high unemployment rate (95%), declining socioeconomic indicators, pharmacy stores' unprofitability and lower sustainability. Profitable pharmacy stores play a fundamental role in ensuring public access to medication. Lack of pharmacy profitability leads to poor healthcare delivery, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. A healthy population is panacea to economic growth and prosperity and enhances human dignity, social cohesion, and the quality of life. In this qualitative, descriptive multicase study design, using Porter's business strategies theory and the Deming process of quality assurance as conceptual frameworks, data from 11 pharmacy stores leaders in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe were collected during interviews with open-ended questions. Participants were assumed to have influence, knowledge, and a personal stake in the pharmacy sector and that their views and experiences could address the research question of lack of pharmacy profitability and sustainability. Data were explored, categorized, and tabulated to assist drawing empirical findings and conclusions that could answer the research question. Using software the data were analyzed and themes such as the centrality of strategy in running profitable pharmacies, customer care, reimbursements by medical insurance firms, the role of the legal and regulatory frameworks on pharmacies, and mergers of single-owner pharmacies emerged. Findings from the results might provide strategies for those in the pharmacy retail sector and individuals who intend to explore the sector. Individuals who read results of the study might be influenced to lobby government on behalf of the sector to relax prohibitive regulations.
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Matangaidze, Olivia. "Knowledge,attitude and practices of HIV infected women on cervical cancer screening at Musiso Mission Hospital,Masvingo Province,Zimbabwe Research Project." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1741.
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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015Background Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common cancer in women globally representing 13% of female cancers and accounting for 11% of the total cancer deaths (Ahmedin et al.2011). Several studies demonstrated the association between HIV and HPV. In Zimbabwe the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is high and cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women of all age groups. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of HIV infected women on cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening at Musiso Hospital, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. Methods 208 self administered questionnaires were used with a 100 per cent response rate. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA statistical package version 12 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-squared tests were done for hypothesis testing at 5 per cent level of significance and 95 per cent confidence level. Multiple variable logistic regressions models were also used to assess association between outcomes of interest and socio-demographic characteristics. All open ended questions were analysed using qualitative methods. Results Out of the 208 participants, 45 (21.6 per cent) respondents claimed to know what cervical cancer is. About 55.3 per cent said cervical cancer is preventable. The majority (92.8 per cent) did not know any screening tests. Just above three quarters (77.3 per cent) of the respondents believed they were at risk of having cervical cancer. About 9 per cent (18) of all participants had screened for cervical cancer before and 95.8 per cent respondents reported would like to screen for cervical cancer in the future. Conclusion HIV infected women at Musiso mission hospital were found to be having inadequate knowledge, positive attitude and inadequate practices on cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening. There is need to equip these women with knowledge on cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening to increase cervical cancer screening uptake. Key Concepts: knowledge, attitude, practice, screening, cervical cancer
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Lock, Gwendolyn Elizabeth. "Who shares? Managerial knowledge transfer practices in British Columbia's ministry of health services." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/736.
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The British Columbia government's Ministry of Health Services will experience significant loss of operational knowledge from an aging managerial workforce, increased staff turnover, and difficulties in recruitment. The purpose of this study is to provide the ministry's Strategic Human Resources Planning branch staff with a map and description of knowledge transfer practices used by approximately 40 managers within the ministry's Health Sector Information Management/Information Technology division and its Vital Statistics Agency. The study is a mixed-methods case study of knowledge retention and transfer practices founded on a knowledge management and social network theoretical foundation. To understand the ministry's complex nature of knowledge transfer, research questions examined the characteristics of an effective knowledge sharing network, associated knowledge sharing similarities and dissimilarities, and perceived knowledge sharing enablers and inhibiters. Social network and thematic analysis were used to collect, map, and analyze perceived informal knowledge transfer practices. Findings indicated that face-to-face communication, visual and verbal cues, and individuals who had a few powerful neighboring connections were influential knowledge resources. The social implications from these findings will act as a catalyst to shift prevalent cultural knowledge management practices thereby positively affecting workload and resource management. Employees will more clearly understand their knowledge management roles and how their actions affect service delivery to citizens. Acting as a knowledge transfer model, the ministry could positively influence the government's Public Service Agency, other ministries, health authorities, and private sector organizations to adopt effective knowledge transfer practices to improve managerial and managerial/staff communication and trust.
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Mobley, Deborah. "The Lived Experience of Faith Community Nurses Living the Call to Health Ministry." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/101.
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Faith community nursing is one of the newest specialized practices of professional nursing. A faith community nurse is an actively registered professional nurse, who serves as a paid or volunteer staff member in a faith community. The faith community nurse promotes health and wholism of the faith community, its groups, families, and individual members. A faith community, as in a church, synagogue or mosque, is an organization of individuals and families who share common beliefs, values, religious doctrine, and faith practices that influence their lives. The faith community functions as a client system for the faith community nurse. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of Protestant faith community nurses "living the call" to health ministry. Previous researchers have explored the roles of the faith community nurse, but have not specifically investigated the experience of living the call. A hermeneutical phenomenological methodology was used to answer the question, "What is the lived experience of faith community nurses living the call to health ministry?" The participants were ten Caucasian female faith community nurses residing in four regions in the Commonwealth of Virginia. All participants acknowledged receiving a "call" to health ministry. A structured interview of 60 to 90 minutes was conducted with each participant. The interview consisted of structured and semi-structured questions and explored the meaning of living the call to health ministry. Data were analyzed using the phenomenological method of Max van Manen. Five themes emerged including: 1) the calling; 2) relating to God in living the call; 3) practice in living the call; 4) challenges in living the call; and 5) blessings in living the call. Participants described the experiences of the callings to health ministry, consistent communications with God and the challenges and blessings of faith community nursing. The practices of faith community nurses were also described by the participants. The findings provide a glimpse into the lifeworld of the faith community nurse living the call to health ministry. This study may be helpful to others wanting to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of the calling to health ministry as well as the experiences of relating to God, practice, challenges, and blessings.
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Alhurayess, Saleh. "Energy management in hospitals : a case study of the Saudi Ministry of Health." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13593.
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Huge amounts of energy are consumed by hospitals to improve the health environment for patients. This energy needs to be stable and continuous. Therefore, it is necessary to manage energy consumption. The purpose of this research is to study the energy management performance in hospitals in Saudi Arabia aiming to develop theoretical framework for energy management and to provide guideline to support implementing an effective energy management system in hospitals. This research consists of two main parts. The first part involves the assessment of the level of energy management program and the gathering of energy consumption quantitative data from five hospitals in order to determine the level of implementation of energy management program and the amounts and percentage of annual change in electricity consumption per bed in hospitals. The second part involves the inspection of the opinions of hospital top technical managers regarding energy management in their hospitals and their knowledge in auditing procedures, energy efficiency barriers, awareness to energy management and percentage of expected amount of saved energy. The research delivers recommendations tailored to the health sector in Saudi Arabia that encourages implementing energy management programs in hospitals to save energy, increase energy efficiency and improve energy management awareness.
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Mirzoev, Tolib. "Assessment of capacity of the Ministry of Health to conduct health policy processes in the Republic of Tajikistan." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1120/.
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The widely-recognised importance of robust health policy processes suggests the need for capacity to ensure these. Whilst research exists on capacity or policy processes, little is known about how these two are related. This study starts to fill this gap by developing a conceptual framework and testing in the Republic of Tajikistan, where independence reinforced the need for Ministry of Health's (MOH) capacity to conduct country-level policy processes. The following overarching research question guided this qualitative study: What are the key elements of, and main effects on, MOH capacity to conduct health policy processes in RT and how has this capacity changed since independence? Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, document reviews and observations of policy event. A framework approach was used for analysis, drawing on the conceptual framework. An understanding of what constitutes robust health policy processes is important and six characteristics were identified: holistic, evidence-informed, efficient, effective, feasible and sustainable. The conceptual framework distinguishes five components: MOH capacity to conduct policy processes (comprising elements of policy cycle, use of evidence, leadership and governance, and resources), actors, context, policy contents and policy results. This study explored the MOH capacity related to its management or response to the first three components. Though positive changes since independence were identified, the study found that MOH capacity is lacking in all following areas: recognising and managing stages of policy cycle, considering wider context, managing involvement of policy actors, ensuring evidence-informed policy processes, applying good governance and effective leadership, and establishing and effectively using resources. Each area is dynamic, interrelated with others and involves intra-relationships, with implications for overall MOH capacity. Two underlying issues are important: the need for both ability and willingness and the inter-relationships and interdependence between different capacity levels. As a result of the study a revised framework was developed.
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Chikovore, Jeremiah. "Gender power dynamics in sexual and reproductive health. A qualitative study in Chiredzi District, Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-202.
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This thesis presents perspectives of men regarding abortion, contraceptive use and sexuality. Contrary to what we had expected, men expressed anxiety over abortion and contraceptive use, not because the issues concerned women’s health, but rather because men associated them with extramarital sexual activity they thought women were concealing. To understand the meanings of sexuality and factors shaping these meanings appeared to be a necessary step in promoting women’s health. We thus included in the study participants with different characteristics including men, women and adolescents, and used a variety of qualitative methods to explore in-depth these issues. Men’s anxiety over wives’ sexuality seemed to be exacerbated by their separation from the family through labour migration, and their inability to play the expected role of the family breadwinner. The men described using different strategies to ensure their wives did not use contraceptives. Men’s perspectives and the related dynamics seem therefore to be a manifestation of contradictory experiences of gender power within contexts of spousal separation. The thesis also illuminates the paradoxical situation of adolescents and adolescent sexual and reproductive health. As guardians, the men described how they are intolerant to premarital sex and pregnancy, which might threaten the expected bride wealth from the marriage of a daughter or sister. They therefore respond with violence. Ironically, information or service which would enable unmarried girls to prevent pregnancy is also denied. This is so in spite of the great concern by families over premarital pregnancy, and common knowledge that young girls are sexually abused by adult men. The men and boys described the pressure they exert on the girls for sex, but also how they then blame the girls for deliberately becoming pregnant in order to trap them into marriage. The boys are nevertheless anxious about pregnancy also for fear of family violence and the threat of being forced to terminate schooling. The girls expressed feeling trapped between the violence from guardians and partners, a situation which may lead to unsafe abortion. The silence, denial and violence imply the young people generally cannot discuss sexual abuse or abortion with parents, or seek health care when needed. Rather, sexually transmitted infections may be ndured or even self-treated, and abortion sought in silence. Preventive actions such as condom use are similarly difficult for the youth. The knowledge the youth may have about AIDS may also simply become a burden when room for applying it is limited. This thesis challenges public health promotion approaches that assume firstly a universal manifestation of gender power, and secondly ability of individuals to effect behaviour change once provided with information regardless of contextual factors. Whether in AIDS education or involvement of men in sexual and reproductive health, understanding social contexts and dynamics, and identities and experiences within these contexts is crucial.
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Trauth, Jonathan N. "An Evaluation of the St. Leo Burundi Refugee Ministry Program." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468512316.
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Magaso, Farai Beverley. "Assessing the barriers to accessing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Marondera Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11433.
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Although Zimbabwe has invested in nationwide scale-up of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services, high HIV-specific under-five mortality rates continue to be observed. This study aimed to document the potential reasons for low PMTCT uptake by examining factors constraining access to PMTCT services.
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Maredza, Mandy. "Economic consequences for households of illness and of paying health care in Zimbabwe: A case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9397.
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Includes bibliographical references.This study investigates the economic consequences of illness and of paying for health care in Zimbabwe. It explores the incidence of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), impoverishment and the factors, (particularly socio-economic factors) associated with them. In addition, this study determines the strategies that households employ to cope with the financial burden of OOP payments in Zimbabwe. Data was collected from 499 households in Harare urban and Seke rural districts of Zimbabwe. Total monthly household OOP health expenditure was defined as 'catastrophic' if it exceeded the threshold level of 40% of a household's monthly capacity to pay. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors that influence the incidence of CHEs. A non-poor household was impoverished by OOP health expenditure if its total household expenditure after deducting OOP payments was lower than the subsistence expenditure. The results of this study indicated that, the incidence of CHEs was very high amongst the study population. Households at all levels of wealth incurred catastrophic health expenditures, and the proportion of households incurring CHEs was similar across the asset quintiles. Out-of-pocket payments precipitated impoverishment of non-poor households. Poor households, households with members above 65 years, female headed households, households with member(s) suffering from chronic illness and households with greater use of health services were at higher risk of incurring CHEs. On the contrary, households with a disabled member were less likely to incur CHEs. Besides 'avoiding seeking care', selling of assets and borrowing were the 2 most popular strategies used to cope with OOP health care payments. An analysis of these results suggests that, targeted exemption of vulnerable households, as well as provision of subsidised health services could reduce the economic impact of illness on households. The results of this study also point out to the need for strengthening risk pooling mechanisms through the implementation of community based health insurance schemes and enhancing tax collection. In addition, other strategies that extend beyond the health sector such as economic empowerment of women could be effective in mitigating the economic impact of illness amongst female headed households in Zimbabwe.
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Mambo, Tatenda T. "THE GEOGRAPHY OF BRAIN DRAIN MIGRATION IN THE HEALTH SECTOR: FROM ZIMBABWE TO THE UK." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1247686860.
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Owen, Helen Jennifer. "The effect of orphanhood on the health and nutritional status of children in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443836.
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Chazovachii, Julian. "The health workers’ uptake of continuing professional education in selected Provincial Hospitals in Zimbabwe." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7638.
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Master of Public Health - MPHHealth institutions in Zimbabwe often cannot fulfill their health care mandate due to lack of specialist health workers in different fields. Despite the effort by the Ministry in providing CPE opportunities, there is poor uptake of CPE by health workers in various provincial hospitals in Zimbabwe. This has resulted in severe staff shortages, particularly doctors (and more specifically specialists), as well as nurses and allied health workers.
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Nyaruwata, Chido. "International Responses to Health Epidemics: An Analysis of Global Health Actors' Responses to Persistent Cholera Outbreaks in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32380.
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Cholera is a diarrhoeal disease caused by the infection of the intestine with bacterium vibrio cholera. The diarrhoeal disease is a recurrent feature of Zimbabwe's post 1990s history. From 1993 to 2018, the country has experienced several cholera outbreaks in both rural and urban areas. The country's worst cholera outbreak occurred in 2008/2009 and resulted in over 4000 deaths. The dissertation analyses three global health actors' responses to persistent cholera outbreaks in Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. Building on previous scholarship of water, cholera and politics, the dissertation compares global health actors' responses to the 2008/2009 and September to November 2018 cholera outbreaks. The dissertation used the qualitative research method including analysis of existing academic literature, Zimbabwean national legislation, non-governmental organisation (NGO) publications and conference reports, news articles and Zimbabwean government policy documents. In-depth interviews with personnel from the World Health Organisation, United Nations Children's Fund, Médecins Sans Frontierès (Doctors without Borders) and the Harare City Council Health Department were conducted in Harare, Zimbabwe from June to July 2019. The dissertation demonstrates that the scope and speed of global health actors' emergency cholera interventions in Harare are shaped by Zimbabwe's political climate and the state of Harare's health, water and sanitation infrastructure.
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Maredza, Andrew. "Profit incentives and technical efficiency in the provision of health care in Zimbabwe: an application of data envelopment analysis and econometric methods." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/294.
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This study examines issues surrounding efficiency in the Zimbabwean health sector with specific emphasis on for-profit hospitals in order to find out whether they are significantly more efficient than non-profit hospitals. The study attempts to explore the significance of profit incentives on efficiency. This study uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to examine hospital efficiency scores for the 100 hospitals in the sample classified as for-profit, mission and public. Outputs of the study include inpatient days and outpatient visits. The number of beds, doctors and nurses were used to capture hospital inputs. The findings indicated that there was a marked deviation of efficiency scores from the best practice frontier with for-profit hospitals having the highest mean PTE of 71.1 percent. The mean PTE scores for mission and public hospitals were 64.8 percent and 62.6 percent respectively. About 85 percent, 83 percent and 91 percent of the for-profit, mission and public hospitals were found to be operating below their average PTE. More than half of the hospitals are being run inefficiently. Of more importance to this study is the fact that the hypothesis of for-profit hospital superiority was accepted implying that for profit hospitals are significantly more efficient than the non-profit category. The study indicated that the amount of inputs being used could be decreased substantially without decreasing the quantity of outputs achieved. In each of the hospitals included in the study, the total input reductions needed to make inefficient hospitals efficient are more than 50 percent. These input savings could go a long way in achieving other health concerns without mobilizing additional resources in the sector
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Bandason, Nyasha. "Patterns and determinants of health care utilization : an assessment of high density urban areas in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9429.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-123).Zimbabwe has been well known, since independence in 1980, to have one of the best health care systems in Sub-Saharan Africa regardless of a low economic growth pattern. The gains in health status that have been reaped in the 1980s and early 1990s have now been reversed due to the combination of the effects of structural adjustments policies, intermittent drought, a decline in the quality of health care services and severe economic decline. The current economc environment places pressure on households, especially the poorest, to meet the rising costs of individual medical care. The study focused on the evaluation of the patterns and determinants of health care utilization, which can aid in understanding the responsiveness of individuals to the current health care system in light of the economc climate. A detailed assessment of health seeking behaviour and health care utilization was performed using a cross-sectional household community survey comprising of 527 households (2302 individuals) that were randomly selected in three high density suburbs in Harare, Zimbabwe. Information pertaining to demographics, socio-economic status, and health status in addtion to the experiences in the use of health care services or health care providers was collected using a questionnaire.
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Masiiwa, Rufaro. "Inpatient household economic burden of child malnutrition in Zimbabwe : a case study conducted at Harare Central hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9449.
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Includes bibliographical references.Severe acute malnutrition is one of the leading underlying causes of mortality in children under the age of five years. Nearly one to two million child deaths worldwide can be attributable to this illness. Although it is considered to be a global public health issue, severe acute malnutrition imposes an uneven burden on health resources across the world, with low-income countries shouldering much of this burden. Like any illness, severe acute malnutrition imposes an economic burden on households that, if significantly large could result in the impoverishment of households. However, despite the existence of a large volume of literature on the intergenerational economic consequences of malnutrition, little is known about the short term household economic consequences of malnutrition. This mini-dissertation sets out to estimate the household economic burden imposed by severe acute malnutrition in children under the age of 5 years in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, it aims to investigate and evaluate household responses to the economic consequences of malnutrition and the effect of the responses on household economic welfare.
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Hagos, Samuel. "Assessment of Business Process Reengineering Implementation and Result within Ethiopian Ministry of Health and Gambella Regional Health Bureau Contexts." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5312.
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For many years, the tight bureaucratic and task centered approaches of civil service institutions of Ethiopia led to fragmentation, overlap and duplications of efforts than being responsive, flexible and customer focus. To this end, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has been considered as a government sector technique to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, become responsive, flexible and customer focus. BPR has great potential for increasing productivity through reduced process time and cost, improved quality, and greater customer satisfaction, but it often requires a fundamental organizational change. Despite the numerous advantages of BPR in terms of responsiveness, flexibility and customer focus, its implementation is perceived to be a difficult task and also many unsuccessful experiences have been reported in the literature. In fact, there are very few survey researches that attempt to highlight the kinds of activities that the organizations should pursue to ensure a reasonable transition to the new process; manage the human and technical issues surrounding implementation of the new process; and assess the results of its reengineering efforts. But these researchers saw the issues from private cooperative organizational perspectives and contexts. Besides, most of the discussions and findings were stretched up to showing that successful BPR implementations process are mainly associated with the organizations capability in managing changes. The researches paid no attention to other factors, like the issues of enabler, tools and techniques which can be utilized to build momentum. Hence, the present research investigated the factors associated with successful implementations of BPR projects in the contexts of public institutions. Based on a case study conducted in Ethiopian Ministry of Health and Gambella Regional Health Bureau; this research attempted to provide guidelines and best practices in public service providing institutions that will help them to achieve dramatic performance gains while implementing BPR projects. A cross sectional, qualitative and quantitative study was conducted taking 90 respondents and 20 interviewees as study subjects. Data were collected from June 1 to July 31 2010. A structured questionnaire was filled by 90 respondents where 43.3 % of them from Gambella Peoples’ National Regional State Health Bureau and 56.7% of them were from Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. The questionnaire was employed to collect data on change management and factors associated with the attainment of performance goals whereas in-depth interviews were utilized to substantiate the findings of questionnaire and investigate the use of information technology as enabler. The in-depth interviews included planners, core process owners and directors. Cross tabulation results imply that there is significant associations between attainment of performance goals and availability of written comprehensive plan for pilot test, refinement and implementation of change management plan, availability of communication strategy, placement of performance measures, motivation to take new roles and responsibilities, Use of information technology as enabler and pilot testing to evaluate new process. Hence, the findings of this research suggest that reengineering project implementation is complex, involving many factors. To succeed, it is essential that change be managed and that balanced attention be paid to all identified factors, including those that are more contextual (e.g., management support and technological competence), performance management, availability of comprehensive implementation plan, communication strategies, refinement and implementation of change management plan, use of pilot testing to evaluate new process, motivation to take new roles and responsibilities and usage information technology as enabler.+251911436197, Gambella, Ethiopia, P.o.box. 90
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Brooks, Gary S. "A proactive strategy for improving the health and ministry effectiveness of Bethany Baptist Church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Alghamdi, Saleh. "The adoption of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.768496.
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Aim: This thesis aims to explore and investigate the level and process of adoption of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASPs) and factors influencing their implementation in Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals. The findings of this study will provide hospitals and policy makers with evidence-based recommendations on how barriers to ASPs adoption can be overcome, which will ultimately improve antimicrobial use and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Method: A mixed method approach was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals in three Saudi hospitals to explore the enablers and barriers to their adoption of ASPs. A survey was then developed based on these findings to investigate the level of hospitals’ adoption of ASPs and factors influencing their implementation at a national level. Further, a case study using in-depth interviews was utilised to understand the process of ASP adoption in a Saudi hospital, and how adoption challenges were addressed. Finally, a self-administered questionnaire was used to examine patients’ knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial use and resistance, and to evaluate the institutional role of patient education on antimicrobial use in two Saudi hospitals. The overall methodology of the research is summarised in Figure I. Results: Despite the introduction of a national ASP strategy, adoption of ASPs in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Organisational barriers such as the lack of senior management support, lack of supportive IT infrastructure and the shortage of ASP team members hinder hospitals’ efforts to adopt ASPs. Further barriers relate to the lack of formal enforcement by MOH and the physicians fears of patients' complications and clinical liability. Patients admitted to Saudi hospitals lack knowledge and perceptions of AMR, and the adoption of ASPs may improve hospitals’ role in patients' education. Conclusions: Despite the established benefits of ASPs, their adoption in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Urgent action is needed to address the strategies priorities associated with AMR, including access to antimicrobials, antimicrobial stewardship and education and research. Policy makers are urged to consider making ASPs adoption in hospitals a regulatory requirement supported by national guidelines and surveillance programmes. It is essential to increase the provision of ID and infection control residency and training programmes to meet the extreme shortage of ID physicians, pharmacists, microbiologists and infection control practitioners. Higher education institutions and teaching hospitals are required to introduce antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship competencies into undergraduate Medical, Pharmacy, Dental, Nursing and Veterinary curriculum, as well as introduction of AMR topics in order to increase knowledge and awareness of ASPs and AMR. Collaboration between ASPs adopting and non-adopting hospitals is essential to share implementation experience, strategies and solutions to overcome barriers. Healthcare specialised associations are needed to be part of AMR conversation and guide healthcare professionals’ training and accreditation. Multiple stakeholders should be actively part of the conversations around tacking AMR. Primary care, secondary care, community pharmacies and policy makers should strive to create a shared culture of responsibility among all healthcare partners to improve antimicrobial therapy and reduce risks of AMR
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Watson, Brenda Ivy. "African American Pastors' Perspectives on Health Promotion Ministries." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3846.
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The centrality of the church in African American communities makes it a culturally compelling sponsor for health promotion activities targeting health disparities among the medically underserved. Pastoral support is critical in determining whether a church initiates or supports a health promotion agenda, but there is little understanding of the variables that influence this decision. The aim of the qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions of African American pastors regarding the decision to incorporate health promotion programs in their churches. This study was guided by the health belief model using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using both semi-structured and open-ended interviews. Ten pastors of North Carolina African American churches, with and without health promotion ministries, were recruited for the study. Eight pastors agreed to participate in the study. They were interviewed, and interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were open coded and analyzed. NVivo 11 was used to manage the data. Five themes emerged from the study: the importance of health promotion, pastor support of a health promotion program, pastor influence on individuals in the congregation, the health status of church members, and barriers and facilitators. Positive social change may be realized by using this information to increase the effectiveness of culturally sensitive health information and developing health education programs that specifically target the African American faith community. Information from this research could help guide public health agencies on how to approach health programming in this specific area and for this population.
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Mungadze, Jerry Jesphat. "A Descriptive Study of a Native African Mental Health Problem Known in Zimbabwe as zvirwere zvechivanhu." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332278/.
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This is a study conducted in Zimbabwe which compared a group of 50 zvirvere zvechivanhu patients and a group of 50 non-patients in age, sex, marital status, level of education and claims of spirit possession. Claims of spirit possessions and types of spirits, as pointed out by Bennel (1982), were used as symptoms of zvirwere zvechivanhu. The two groups were also compared in symptom dimensions of the SCL-90-R used in the study. The SCL-90-R, developed by Derogatis (1975), is a 90-item symptom check list used to screen people for psychological problems reflected in the nine symptom dimensions of somatization, obsessive/ compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism and in the three global scores of Global Severity Index, Positive Symptom Distress Index and Positive Symptom Total. The subjects were chosen from two different sites, using a systematic sampling method. Three statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The Chi-square was used to analyze data on descriptive variables. The T-test and 2 x 2 analysis of variance were used to analyze the data on symptom dimensions and global scores. The study had one main hypothesis and nine subhypotheses. The main hypothesis was that zvirwere zvechivanhu patients were significantly different from the non-patients on the overall global scores. The nine subhypotheses stated that the patient and non-patient groups were significantly different in the nine separate symptom dimensions. The study concluded that the zvirwere zvechivanhu patients were significantly different from the non-patients in the overall global scores. In the nine separate symptom dimensions, it was concluded that the two groups were the same in all except the somatization and obsessive/compulsive system dimensions.
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Duffy, Lynne. "HIV/AIDS in context: The culture of health promotion among Ndau women in rural Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2002. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/hodgkinson/9.
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This ethnographic study explored factors that facilitate or hinder women's participation in health promotion and HIV prevention in the Mt. Selinda area of rural Zimbabwe. Rates of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe are among the highest in the world and increasing most quickly among young females. A purposeful convenience sample of 11 Ndau women (key participants) was interviewed twice. Seventeen key informants and four focus groups offered further perspectives. The resulting narrative presents a picture of Ndau women's existence that is difficult and oppressive. Females are socialized early to be workers and mothers within a context of limited voice, subservience, violence, and economic powerlessness. Application of a health promotion framework reinforced the reality that these women are generally unable to use measures for HIV prevention. Socio-cultural and economic factors of gender inequality were analyzed through an ecological approach, showing that cultural beliefs and practices, along with national and international forces, support and sustain gender inequality. If there is to be change in the AIDS crisis, the study's findings suggest that HIV prevention strategies should be integrated within a participatory community development model that includes opportunities for both men and women to carry out gender analysis. While health professionals must understand and be sensitive to culture and context, existing unjust and inequitable structures at all levels of society must be examined and challenged.
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Wilson, Kenneth Brockington. "Ecological dynamics and human welfare : a case study of population, health and nutrition in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317940/.
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This thesis examines the impact of seasonal and inter-annual variations in rainfall on food supply and disease environment, and hence the biological welfare of savannah populations in southern Zimbabwe. Ecological dynamics are thought to determine the impact of rainfall, and this hypothesis is tested through the comparison of populations either side of a major ecological boundary between heavy clay rich and sandy soils. Due to differences in soil-moisture productivity relations, and the level and form of ecological heterogeneity, the sandveld environment shows much less seasonal and inter-annual variation in agro-ecological productivity than does clayveld, and this is reflected in food supply and consumption. Child anthropometric and birth weight data from several years shows opposite seasonality, and weight-loss in a serious drought was most marked on clay-rich soils as predicted. Differences in soil-moisture relations also influence disease environment dynamics; child morbidity shows the same seasonal and inter-annual contrasts between the zones as found with nutritional status. Furthermore, infant mortality is increased following dry years on clay-rich soils whilst high rainfall leads to increased infant mortality on the sandy soils. These differences in welfare dynamics between sandveld and clayveld appear to typify conditions in other moist and dry savannah areas respectively. Variability in grain production results from unequal access to livestock for ploughing and manure, but urban wage labour derived remittances also affect wealth. The extent and nature of socio-economic differentiation varies between ecological zones for historical reasons, and its impact on welfare (together with that of religion and maternal education) is variable and complex, operating at several levels in household and lineage. Maternal education has a marked impact on child well-being, particularly upon infant mortality. Dramatic improvements in Infant mortality and declines in fertility since Independence (1980) reflect upgrading of medical services and education provision for women, Indicating the limits of ecological welfare determinants.
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Smee, Nancy L. "Factors associated with subsequent pregnancy in HIV-infected women and HIV-negative women: Experience from urban Zimbabwe." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3311337.
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Ersado, Lire. "Three Essays in Development Economics: Savings Behavior and Risk; Health and Public Investments; and Sequential Technology Adoption." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28678.
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This dissertation explores household risk and savings behavior in Zimbabwe, and agricultural technology adoption, and the impact of public investments on the economy and community health in Ethiopia. The first paper analyzes changes in per capita consumption and savings behavior in Zimbabwe before and after a range of financial and weather-related shocks using comparable national income, consumption and expenditure surveys of 1990/91 and 1995/96. The empirical results show that before droughts and macroeconomic adjustments Zimbabweans used savings to smooth consumption. In contrast, risk management strategies were severely limited after the shocks; consumption tracked income more closely in the latter period. The inability to effectively address the risks arising from droughts and economy-wide structural changes implies that any subsequent economic and social uncertainty will have serious welfare consequences.
The second paper examines the interaction between public investments, community health, and productivity- and land-enhancing technology adoption decisions by farm households in Northern Ethiopia. It models technology adoption as a sequential process where the timing of choices can matter. The econometric test results indicate that the decision and intensity of technology adoption are highly correlated with the sequential nature of adoption. The most striking results concern the importance of disease - the amount of time spent sick and time spent caring for sick family members are inversely associated with both the decision and intensity of technology adoption.
Finally the third paper looks at the welfare impacts of a public water resource development project with health side effects in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. It uses a model of a social planner to characterize the optimal implementation of such projects over time, showing how health and production are important considerations in this decision. The empirical analysis shows that the marginal net benefits of Tigray's current microdam investments are positive. The lost income households suffer from increased time away from productive activities (due to sickness) is compensated for by increased yields and market opportunities brought about through irrigated agriculture. However, it should be noted that this conclusion is based on efficiency and not equity.Ph. D.
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Samuelsson, Yvonne, and Erik Samuelsson. "Oral Health and Tools for Oral Hygiene in Adolescents in Detema Secondary School." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154721.
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Abstract The aim of this epidemiologic pilot field study was to determine if the oral health problem in Detema was periodontal or caries disease. If periodontal disease, was it induced by a certain virulent microflora or by inadequate oral hygiene? A second specific aim was to educate local oral health instructors, to raise the awareness of the importance of oral health, and in that way improve the general health. Methods were that with the use of WHO oral health questionnaire, interview 117 participants in index ages 15-19 years, inform about oral diseases, instruct techniques for optimized oral cleansing, assess dental status and periodontal health on index teeth. Local oral health instructors were educated for maintaining the knowledge and to reinstruct the toothbrush and toothpaste methods. Susceptibility to caries and periodontal disease in relation to ethnicity was investigated. The prevalence of caries disease was 32% a decrease compared to 44% in 1995. The prevalence of periodontal disease was 82%, attachment loss and gingival retractions 8% each, and gingival retractions 6%. This result was an impairment compared to 73% in 1995, when there were no pockets, retractions or any attachment loss in this index age. Results could not significantly show association between oral disease and lack of, or infrequent use of cleansing devices and fluoridated toothpaste, neither to a diet with high and frequent carbohydrate intake. There was indication of susceptibility to periodontal disease in the population. The conclusion was that the non-optimized technique for oral hygiene affected this population´s oral health.