Journal articles: 'Zimbabwe. Ministry of Health'

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Nhapi, Tatenda Goodman. "Socioeconomic Barriers to Universal Health Coverage in Zimbabwe: Present Issues and Pathways Toward Progress." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 1 (March 2019): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19826762.

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This article assesses Zimbabwean health services, using a social workers’ social development paradigm to analyze the dynamics of Zimbabwe’s Social Security program, focusing on universal health access for older persons, orphans, and vulnerable children. This article identifies the key factors that have done the most to shape health policy administration in the broader context of social policies and social security in Zimbabwe. The discussion is framed around the need for pro-poor social policies, social inclusivity, and the efforts to ensure universal health access. Despite numerous reports, newspaper op-eds and consultancy documents offering opinions on the state of social service delivery in the country, most critics lack empirical data and end up being very anecdotal as they critique the present system. The socioeconomic context of Zimbabwe is therefore analyzed here, with the best available statistical evidence provided, followed by assessment of social policy interventions. Current challenges to access health services are evaluated using a human rights-based social policy approach. The recent Zimbabwe Ministry of Finance-led consultative process crafted a 2016 document, the Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers (PRSPs), as an overall strategy for transforming the Zimbabwean health sector. The article concludes by recommending community-based health insurance approach as most appropriate intervention for ensuring health inclusivity and enhancing health for all in Zimbabwe.

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Taderera, Hope. "Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Institutional and Regulatory Frameworks in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 4 (October 29, 2012): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i4.2149.

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The discussion focuses on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System which was initiated by the International Labour Organization to facilitate the formulation, implementation and evaluation of occupational health and safety interventions at a national policy, sector and organizational level in all countries. It also focuses on Zimbabwe’s occupational health and safety policy, regulatory and institutional framework. The ILO’s OSH-MS 2001 was developed to provide a unique international model, compatible with other management system standards and guides, towards promoting occupational health and safety in a systematic manner. In Zimbabwe, occupational health and safety laws that are applicable to all employers and employees across sectors are enshrined within the Labour Act, Chapter 28.01, and the National Social Security Authority’s Accident Prevention Workers Compensation Scheme Notice No. 68 of 1990. Occupational health and safety management in Zimbabwe is pursued through the International Labour Organization’s Zimbabwe Office, the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare, the National Social Security Authority, and the Zimbabwe Occupational Health and Safety Council, which comprises government, employers and labour unions. It was recommended that Zimbabwe fully adopts the OHS-MS in all sectors, industries and organizations in an adaptive manner. The study also recommended systematic capacity building at a national, sectoral, industrial and organizational level to enhance effective, efficient and adaptive implementation of this tool, and continuous interaction and engagement between the ILO, Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, EMCOZ, ZCTU and ZFTU for the realization of the highest standards of occupational health and safety in Zimbabwe.

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Taderera, Hope, Alois Madhekeni, Gideon Zhou, and Tafadzwa Chevo. "Sector Wide Approach in Health: Policy Response and Framework in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2012): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i1.1570.

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The discourse is on the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) in health, a policy reform intervention by the World Health Organization, and focuses on Zimbabwe’s response, and the subsequent health policy framework. A SWAp is a government led partnership with donor agencies and the civil society, in the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the health policy. The rationale is to systematically build the capacity of health delivery systems and structures, for the realization health policy objectives through effective and efficient utilization of collaboratively mobilized resources for the realization of sustainable development in health. Zimbabwe has responded to SWAps by adopting the WHO Country Cooperation Strategy (2008-2013), being implemented through the National Health Strategy (2009-2013). A collaborative approach involving the state and civil society is being pursued. Within this arrangement, the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare is leading the strategic and operational function, at all levels of society, with the donor community, through the civil society playing a supportive role particularly in areas which include HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, water and sanitation, and maternal health. Coordination is done through the National Planning Forum, made up of the health ministry and the voluntary sector, and the Health Development Partners Coordination Group, made up of donor agencies in health, in line with the Zimbabwe United Nations Development Assistance Framework and the Interagency Humanitarian Coordination Mechanism. It was concluded that a framework has been put in place through which the SWAp is being pursued, towards systematic capacity building of Zimbabwe’s health sector.

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Gamette, Pius, Refiloe Jabari, and Sibusisiwe Bertha Muperere. "Parental Care on Under Five Child Health Outcomes in Zimbabwe." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v9i2.3594.

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This study examines the effect of parental care on child health outcomes (stunting, wasting and underweight) in Zimbabwe. The study uses data from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) (1994-2015) by employing the Ordinary Least Method (OLS) regression approach. The results indicate that breastfeeding and vaccination on each count has a significant negative effect on under-five child health outcomes (stunting and wasting). On the contrary, child-size shows a significant positive effect on wasting and underweight among under-five children in Zimbabwe. Area of residence indicates an under five-child in an urban center is less likely to be wasting than its contemporary in a rural area. The individual effects of mothers’ education, wealth index, child’s sex and marital status show insignificant effects under-five child health outcomes. The policy implication is that health professionals should intensify education on early child suckling and succeeding dietary mix to obviate poor health outcomes. This study also implores the Ministry of Health and Child Care in Zimbabwe to review existing vaccination programmes by extending to households with poor child health outcomes found in inaccessible areas. As a contribution, this study provides a platform for deliberations on family care and child health care in African societies.

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Katsidzira, Leolin, Wisdom F. Mudombi, Rudo Makunike-Mutasa, Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Annika Blank, Gerhard Rogler, Andrew Macpherson, Stephan Vavricka, Innocent Gangaidzo, and Benjamin Misselwitz. "Inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol of a prospective registry with a nested case–control study." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e039456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039456.

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IntroductionThe epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented. We have started a registry to determine the burden, phenotype, risk factors, disease course and outcomes of IBD in Zimbabwe.Methods and analysisA prospective observational registry with a nested case–control study has been established at a tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. The registry is recruiting confirmed IBD cases from the hospital, and other facilities throughout Zimbabwe. Demographic and clinical data are obtained at baseline, 6 months and annually. Two age and sex-matched non-IBD controls per case are recruited—a sibling or second-degree relative, and a randomly selected individual from the same neighbourhood. Cases and controls are interviewed for potential risk factors of IBD, and dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire. Stool is collected for 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling, and along with germline DNA from peripheral blood, is being biobanked. The estimated sample size is 86 cases and 172 controls, and the overall registry is anticipated to run for at least 5 years. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the demographic and phenotypic characteristics of IBD, and incidence and prevalence will be estimated for Harare. Risk factors for IBD will be analysed using conditional logistic regression. For microbial analysis, alpha diversity and beta diversity will be compared between cases and controls, and between IBD phenotypes. Mann-Whitney U tests for alpha diversity and Adonis (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance) for beta diversity will be computed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Parirenyatwa Hospital’s and University of Zimbabwe’s research ethics committee and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings will be discussed with patients, and the Zimbabwean Ministry of Health. Results will be presented at scientific meetings, published in peer reviewed journals, and on social media.Trial registration numberNCT04178408.

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Shamu, Shepherd, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, and Charles Hongoro. "A Characterisation and Profiling of District Health Indicators in Zimbabwe: An Application of Principal Component Analysis in a Data Limited Setting." Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research 3, no. 2 (December 4, 2015): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/9833.

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Background: The Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe does not have a method for prioritization and equitable allocation of its share of the national health budget and other resources in the sector. Regional allocations at the provincial level are made regardless of the provinces’ disease burden, population size, or needs. Currently there is no method available to show how the provinces eventually allocate these resources to the lower levels of care. In a data limited country such as Zimbabwe, Principal Component Analysis method can be used to identify a set of indicators that account for cross variation between different regions. This set of indicators could then be used by planners as reference indicators for equitable allocation of resources and prioritization of health care interventions. Objective: The aim of the study was to construct a set of simple, feasible, reliable and valid composite health indicators for use in characterising and profiling of the different districts in Zimbabwe. Method: This was a retrospective analysis of secondary data to derive composite indices for the 57 administrative health districts in Zimbabwe using routinely collected secondary data. The data was extracted from the 2012 Zimbabwe Health information database, the 2012 National Census and the 2011 Prices, Income and Expenditure Survey. Results: The analysis of the data resulted in the construction of 10 mutually exclusive principal composite indices, which included demographic, child related, disease related and health systems related indices. The 10 composite indices (population, immunisation, child mortality, antenatal care, HIV/TB, malaria, non-communicable diseases, socioeconomic, health seeking behaviour and infrastructure) were tested for construct and content validity and were found to be statistically robust, reliable and consistent with observed behaviour. Conclusion: The composite indices exhibited internal consistency and construct validity to be regarded as true representations of the cross variation of the 57 districts in Zimbabwe; hence these indices could be used to characterise the behaviour and assess the performance of these districts. There is also potential use for these indices in the areas of resource allocation and prioritisation of health interventions.

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Bloom, Gerald. "Two Models for Change in the Health Services in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Health Services 15, no. 3 (July 1985): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kv70-akeg-y1je-klne.

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The health situation in pre-Independence Zimbabwe was much as elsewhere in the Third World. While the majority suffered excess mortality and morbidity, the affluent enjoyed a health status similar to that of the populations of developed countries. The health services also showed the familiar pattern, with expenditure concentrated on sophisticated facilities in the towns, leaving the rural majority with practically no services at all. With the coming of Majority Rule, the previous pattern of controlling access to facilities on the basis of race could not continue. Two broad routes forward were defined. On the one hand, the private doctors, the private insurance companies, and the settler state proposed a model based on improving urban facilities, depending on a trickle-down to eventually answer the needs of the rural people. On the other hand, the post-Independence Ministry of Health advocated a policy of concentrating on developing services in the rural areas. The pattern of the future health service will depend on the capacity of the senior health planners and on the enthusiasm of front-line health workers but, of overriding importance will be the political commitment to answer the needs of the majority and the outcome of the inevitable struggle for access to scarce health sector resources.

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Cyrus Reed, Wm. "Global Incorporation, Ideology, and Public Policy in Zimbabwe." Issue 15 (1987): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700506039.

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Six years after independence, Zimbabwe is viewed by its admirers as having adopted a pragmatic approach to a broad range of socialist oriented policies. A massive expansion and re-direction of services in the areas of education, health, and agricultural extension services, in addition to the creation of one of the world’s largest resettlement programs, are often cited as evidence of how the government of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe is working for socialist transformation in Zimbabwe. In addition, under Mugabe’s Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) government, the Zimbabwean economy has been able to maintain a real expansion in production averaging near 4.6% per annum-perhaps the highest rate in Africa--while the government has reversed a tremendous balance of payments deficit.

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Choguya, Naume Zorodzai. "Traditional Birth Attendants and Policy Ambivalence in Zimbabwe." Journal of Anthropology 2014 (May 7, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/750240.

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This paper analyses the importance of the services rendered by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to pregnant women in Zimbabwe. It argues that, though an integral part of the health system, the ambivalence in terms of policy on the part of the government leaves them in a predicament. Sociocultural values as well as tradition imbue TBAs power and authority to manage pregnancies and assist in child deliveries. On the other hand, government policies expounded through the Ministry of Health (MoH) programs and policies appear to be relegating them to the fringes of healthcare provision. However, in a country with a failing health system characterized by mass exodus of qualified personnel, availability of drugs, and understaffing of healthcare centres, among others, TBAs remain the lifeline for many women in the country. Instead of sidelining them in healthcare interventions, I argue that their integration, however, problematic and often noted to be with disastrous consequences for traditional medicine, presents the sole viable solution towards achieving MDGs 4 and 5. The government and MoH should capitalize on the availability of and standing working relations of TBAs with the grassroots for better/positive maternal health outcomes. In a country reeling with high maternal deaths, TBAs’ status and position in society make them the best intervention tools.

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Ncube-Murakwani, Pamela, Shamiso Alice Moyo, Mackson Maphosa, Mutsa Dzimba, Sijabulisiwe Beatrice Dube, and Craig Nyathi. "Implementing Care Groups for improved maternal and child nutrition: Critical factors for success from the Amalima program in rural Zimbabwe." World Nutrition 11, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.202011290-107.

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Over the last decade Zimbabwe has made noteworthy progress in reducing both underweight and wasting in children under the age of five years, however one in four children in Zimbabwe is stunted. The rate in the decline of the number of children stunted still falls short of meeting the World Health Assembly target, and it goes without saying that effective, innovative community-based strategies are required by the government and development partners to accelerate the rate of stunting reduction. This paper presents experiences from using the Care Group approach for promoting improved maternal, infant and young child nutrition (MIYCN) and care based on lessons from the Amalima program, a seven-year United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Food for Peace intervention. The Amalima program has been promoting Care Groups as a community and family centred approach to improve maternal and child nutrition in Zimbabwe. Care Groups are an innovative community-based strategy that has been rolled out as part of the Amalima program activities in four food and nutrition insecure districts in Zimbabwe. The final programme evaluation suggested the program succeeded in increasing the exclusive breastfeeding rate and reducing levels of nutritional stunting among children under two years. In the present discussion paper, we present the key lessons learned and strategies we believe may have contributed to making Care Group implementation effective; we highlight the modifications that we made in Care Group implementation to ensure a context appropriate approach; and we discuss how Care Groups can be integrated into the Ministry of Health and Child Care structure. The critical factors for successful Care Group implementation have been grouped into five broad categories: conduct formative research; ensure context specific approaches & adaptive management; leverage on social capital and cohesion; invest in human capital; prioritise quality assurance & reviews.

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Nyagadza, B., N. Kudya, E. Mbofana, S. Masaka, D. Garone, C.-Y. Chen, A. Mulingwa, C. Uzande, P. Isaakidis, and Z. Ndlovu. "Scaling up HIV viral load monitoring in Manicaland, Zimbabwe: challenges and opportunities from the field." Public Health Action 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.19.0024.

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Background: Demand for viral load (VL) monitoring is expected to increase; however, implementation of the multifaceted VL testing poses numerous challenges. We report experiences from Médecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF) and partners in the scale-up of HIV VL in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) of Zimbabwe.Methods: A retrospective data review of routine reports from MSF-supported health facilities in Manicaland Province (Zimbabwe) was conducted. These secondary aggregate data were triangulated, and emerging themes of lessons learnt from VL monitoring were shared.Results: A VL testing coverage of 63% (5966/9456) was achieved among the 40 health facilities, together with a switch rate to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) of 46.4% (108/233). The key enablers to scaling-up the VL monitoring were well-equipped and supported VL laboratories, the operationalisation of the on-the-job clinical mentoring and systematic weaning off of better performing health facilities. Concerted efforts from different implementing partners and funders in the HIV programme, and close collaboration with MoHCC were pivotal.Conclusion: Our experience indicates that clinical mentoring is effective, and resulted in high VL testing coverage and up-skilling primary health care workers in VL monitoring. Attention must be focused on innovations for improving VL result utilisation, especially the identification and management of patients who fail ART.

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Mutaurwa, Ndatenda Shamiso, Ellen Munemo, Garikai Malunga, and Danai Tavonga Zhou. "Ciprofloxacin Resistant Salmonella Typhi Isolated at National Microbiology Reference Laboratory in Harare, Zimbabwe (January to April 2016)." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010001.

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Background: Typhoid is a life-threatening infectious disease requiring the administration of antibiotics for treatment. Ciprofloxacin is the antibiotic of choice for diarrheal cases in Zimbabwe, adopted by the Ministry of Health and Child Care, from current World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. However, there has been an increase in the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance against ciprofloxacin and conventional drugs antibiotics for the treatment of typhoid. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolated in Harare for the first quarter of 2016. Methods: This study was carried out at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), located at Harare Central Hospital, in Zimbabwe. The NMRL carries out confirmatory tests and molecular typing of pathogens isolated at different national laboratories. The current study retrieved demographics, clinical data, and isolates for confirmed typhoid cases out of 402 suspected specimens. The isolates from Harare, confirmed as S. Typhi, between January and April 2016, were evaluated for ciprofloxacin resistance. Results: A total of 35 S. Typhi isolates were recovered for the period from January to April 2016. When the 35 isolates were characterised, nine (25.7%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The area with the highest recorded cases of typhoid fever was Budiriro High-Density Suburb in Harare. This area has been hit by other diarrheal outbreaks in the past, most likely due to the intermittent supply of safe water. Conclusion: Most high-density areas, where S. Typhi positive specimens originated, are overpopulated and have regular water cuts, resulting in a decrease in hygiene. More than a quarter of isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, agreeing with other reports from Zimbabwe. The misuse of antibiotics could be associated with resistance, necessitating education on the correct use of antibiotics in the community and other preventive measures. Additionally, molecular research on geographic and phylogenetic relatedness of isolates and other holistic approaches for studying the development of antimicrobial resistance mutations, using whole-genome sequencing, in this setting, are warranted.

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Chiware, Mervis. "The Impact Of Flexitime On Motivation And Work Performance Of Health Workers In Zimbabwe: Evidence From Parirenyatwa Group Of Hospitals." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (June 8, 2021): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.10256.

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This article studies the impact of flexitime on health workers’ motivation and work performance at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. Despite the positive contribution of flexitime on motivation and work performance, adequate academic articles are yet to be published in Zimbabwe’s public sector on this subject. The thrust of this article was to close this gap in knowledge by determining the impact of flexitime on motivation and work performance at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. Emailed self-administered questionnaires, telephone interviews as well as documentary research were used to find out the relationship between flexitime, motivation and work performance. Results from the research painted a close relationship between flexitime motivation and work performance. The study indicated that flexitime improves work- life balance and the physical health of the health workers at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. Organisational commitment evidenced by reduced absenteeism was also achieved due to the implementation of flexitime. Flexitime requires professional administration and top management support for best results. The Ministry of Health and Child Care should adopt flexitime as a long term policy to motivate employees and line managers require adequate training to implement flexitime.

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Chimamise, Chipo, Stephen Peter Munjanja, Mazvita Machinga, and Iris Shiripinda. "Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on obstetric fistula repair program in Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0249398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249398.

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The advent of Covid-19 pandemic adversely affected many programs worldwide, public health, including programming for obstetric fistula were not spared. Obstetric fistula is an abnormal connection between the vagina and the bladder or the rectum resulting from obstetric causes, mainly prolonged obstructed labour. Zimbabwe has two obstetric fistula repair centers. Because the program uses specialist surgeons from outside the country, the repairs are organized in quarterly camps with a target to repair 90 women per quarter. This study aimed at assessing the impact of restrictions on movement and gathering of people brought about by the Cocid-19 pandemic and to characterize participants of the camp which was held in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic at Mashoko Hospital. Specifically it looked at how Covid-19 pandemic affected programming for obstetric fistula repair and characterized participants of the fistula camp held in November to December 2020 at one of the repair centers. A review of the dataset and surgical log sheets for the camp and national obstetric fistula dataset was conducted. Variables of interest were extracted onto an excel spreadsheet and analyzed for frequencies and proportions. Data were presented in charts, tables and narratives. The study noted that Covid-19 pandemic negatively affected performance of fistula repairs greatly with only 25 women repaired in 2020 as compared to 313 in 2019. Ninety women were called to come for repairs but 52 did not manage to attend due to reasons related to the restriction of the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. Two thirds of those women suffered from urinary incontinence while the other third had fecal incontinence. The successful repair rate was 92%. This study concluded that the pandemic greatly affected programming of fistula repair in the country and recommended the Ministry of Health and Child Care to institute measures to resume programming as soon as the situation allows.

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Chikwature, Whatmore, and Emilia Chikwature. "Factors Contributing To Low Sanitation Coverage In Mutare Rural Ward 15 Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 14 (February 28, 2019): 3104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v14i0.8163.

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The research was carried out to investigate the causes of low sanitation and hygiene coverage in Mutare rural ward 15 in Manicaland province, Zimbabwe. The study aimed at establishing factors contributing to low sanitation and hygiene coverage as well as determining the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the community members on sanitation and hygiene. The study was carried out in Mutare rural Ward 15. The community members and programme implementers were selected as study elements. Information was gathered using focus group discussion, interviews and observations. Data collected was presented quantitatively using tables and also qualitatively, providing facts. The stratified and purposive probability sampling was used to draw out household members in the study population. Other subjects in the research included 2 sanitation and hygiene programme implementers, one from Ministry of Health & Child Care and Mutare rural Ward 15 Councilor respectively. The research findings revealed that, low sanitation and hygiene was due to, the community’s negative attitude towards sanitation and hygiene programs, their cultural values, inadequate resources, lack of supervision, as well as the type of soil. This study concluded that knowledge, attitudes and practices of the community, inadequate supervision and resources as well as the type of soil contributed to low sanitation and hygiene coverage. The research therefore recommended that, the community be adequately educated and be provided with enough resources so as to increase coverage in sanitation and hygiene

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Gomera, Sheron. "Facing the truth." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 10, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v10i2.4792.

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The purpose of the study was to explore the process of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disclosure to children living with perinatal HIV at Mpilo Opportunistic Clinic (OI) in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. The qualitative approach was used to study the topic and a phenomenological research design was used to describe the process of disclosure to children living with perinatal HIV. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. The data collected revealed that the HIV status disclosure to adolescents was difficult for caregivers, which caused the disclosure to be done later than recommended by the Ministry of Health and Child Care Zimbabwe. This had a significant negative impact on the psychological well-being of children who also struggled to disclose their status to others. The study revealed that the HIV counsellors lacked skills to counsel on psychological issues. The researcher recommended that psychologist be integrated in the formulation of an HIV manual and be employed at OI clinics to counsel children and caregivers. Keywords: Perinatal HIV, children, psychosocial, OI clinic.

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Chidakwa, Patience, Clifford Mabhena, Blessing Mucherera, Joyline Chikuni, and Chipo Mudavanhu. "Women’s Vulnerability to Climate Change: Gender-skewed Implications on Agro-based Livelihoods in Rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 27, no. 2 (June 2020): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520910969.

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Climate change presents a considerable threat to human security, with notable gender disproportions. Women’s vulnerability to climate change has implications on agro-based livelihoods, especially the rural populace. The primary purpose of this study was to assess women’s vulnerability to climate change and the gender-skewed implications on agro-based livelihoods in rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach that used purposive sampling techniques was adopted. Data was collected through 20 in-depth interviews with 11 de jure and 9 de facto small-scale female-headed farmer households. Two focus group discussions with mixed de facto and de jure small-scale female-headed farmer households were also conducted. Five key informant interviews were held with departmental heads of the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and Community Development; the Agriculture Technical Extension Service Department; the Livestock Production Department; the Runde Rural District Council and the Meteorological Services Department. Gendered effects were noted in terms of increased roles and responsibilities for women. Observations showed that there was an increase in distances travelled by women to fetch water owing to a depleted water table. Climate-induced migration of men due to depleted livelihoods in rural areas has also increased roles and responsibilities for women. The traditional male responsibilities assumed by women included cattle herding and ox-driven ploughing. This study concluded that adaptation strategies towards vulnerability to climate change have to be gender-sensitive and area-specific. This study also recommended that response programmes and policies meant to curb existing gendered vulnerabilities should be informed by evidence because climate-change effects are unique for different geographical areas. Moreover, adaptation activities should be mainstreamed in community processes so as to reduce the burden on women and increase sustainability opportunities.

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Dondo, Vongai, Hilda Mujuru, Kusum Nathoo, Vengai Jacha, Ottias Tapfumanei, Priscilla Chirisa, Portia Manangazira, et al. "Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Impact on Meningitis and Pneumonia Among Children Aged <5 Years—Zimbabwe, 2010–2016." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (September 5, 2019): S72—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz462.

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Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis in children aged <5 years. Zimbabwe introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2012 using a 3-dose infant schedule with no booster dose or catch-up campaign. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on pediatric pneumonia and meningitis. Methods We examined annual changes in the proportion of hospitalizations due to pneumonia and meningitis among children aged <5 years at Harare Central Hospital (HCH) pre-PCV13 (January 2010–June 2012) and post-PCV13 (July 2013–December 2016) using a negative binomial regression model, adjusting for seasonality. We also evaluated post-PCV13 changes in serotype distribution among children with confirmed pneumococcal meningitis at HCH and acute respiratory infection (ARI) trends using Ministry of Health outpatient data. Results Pneumonia hospitalizations among children aged <5 years steadily declined pre-PCV13; no significant change in annual decline was observed post-PCV13. Post-PCV13 introduction, meningitis hospitalization decreased 30% annually (95% confidence interval [CI], –42, –14) among children aged 12–59 months, and no change was observed among children aged 0–11 months. Pneumococcal meningitis caused by PCV13 serotypes decreased from 100% in 2011 to 50% in 2016. Annual severe and moderate outpatient ARI decreased by 30% (95% CI, –33, –26) and 7% (95% CI, –11, –2), respectively, post-PCV13 introduction. Conclusions We observed declines in pediatric meningitis hospitalizations, PCV13-type pneumococcal meningitis, and severe and moderate ARI outpatient visits post-PCV13 introduction. Low specificity of discharge codes, changes in referral patterns, and improvements in human immunodeficiency virus care may have contributed to the lack of additional declines in pneumonia hospitalizations post-PCV13 introduction.

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Amosun, Seyi-Ladele, Alice Moyo, and Carmelo Matara. "Trends in Hand Grip Strength in Some Adult Male Zimbabweans." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 58, no. 8 (August 1995): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269505800808.

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The Department of Occupational Health and Safety at Work, of the Ministry of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare in Zimbabwe, has consistently reported an appreciable number of occupational injuries involving the hand. In the central hospitals, routine hand assessment includes range of movement, sensory and muscle strength tests, as well as hand grip strength tests. Differences had been observed in the hand grip measurements obtained when compared with norms developed by Kellor et al (1971). The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the trend in the grip strength of a sample of adult male Zimbabweans. Hand grip strength measures for the right and left hands of 204 male Zimbabweans, aged 18–56 years, were taken using a Jamar® dynamometer. The relationship between these grip strength measures and age, height, weight and body mass index was assessed. Grip strength percentage difference between dominant and nondomlnant hands did not obey the 10% rule, which assumes that the dominant hand can be up to 10% stronger than the nondominant hand. Grip strength was negatively related to age but positively related to body weight and height. The need for additional studies to establish normative data for grip strength measurements for use in the clinical situation is Indicated.

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Motsuku, L., E. Chokunonga, M. Sengayi, E. Singh, L. Khoali, and M. Borok. "Strengthening African Population-Based Cancer Registration Through Regional Mentorship: UICC Fellowship Experience at Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 65s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.68200.

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Background: South Africa (SA) recently established an urban population-based cancer registry in Ekurhuleni metropolitan district in Gauteng Province. The Ekurhuleni Population-Based Cancer Registry (EPBCR) aims to inform cancer policy and comprehensive cancer control programs. The registry covers 3.5 million residents including public/private, rural/urban patients and a mix of the multiethnic SA population. The first complete year's data will be published in April 2018. It is crucial that high-quality data collected by newly established registries are comparable regionally and globally. The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) fellowship provides a practical opportunity for South African National Cancer Registry staff to learn from the Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry (ZNCR), a well-established population-based registry in the region. Aim: To enhance the SA EPBCR through observation and application of methods for population-based cancer registration used at the ZNCR. Methods: A desktop review of published and unpublished articles/reports of the ZNCR was conducted. Semi-structured informal interviews were conducted with registry staff to understand data processes from case finding to reporting. Representative data sources were visited to understand case-finding processes. Results: The ZNCR was established in 1985 through a collaborative research agreement between the Ministry of Health (MoH) and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Its activities are overseen by a 17-member constituted multidisciplinary advisory committee. The registry staff comprise one registrar, one executive assistant (EA) and four health information assistants (HIA). The process of ensuring quality data are guided by the African Cancer Registry Network and the International Association of Cancer Registries standards for population-based cancer registries. The ZNCR uses a combination of active and passive case-finding methods where HIAs have unrestricted access to patient information in private and public sectors such as hospitals, pathology laboratories, radiotherapy centers and death registries. HIAs conduct patient interviews for accurate demographics and to complete missing information. Cases are coded according to International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-V3 and Canreg software is used for data entry, quality control and analysis. The hard copies are stored in locked cabinets in offices with restricted access. The data are then used for reporting and research. Conclusion: The support of government, commitment of advisory committee volunteers, highly trained and experienced staff are key elements behind the success of ZNCR. Strict adherence to international practices for population-based cancer registration has enabled ZNCR to produce high-quality data for research and cancer programs. The processes used by ZNCR will be customised and implemented at EPBCR.

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Chigora, Farai, and Promise Zvavahera. "“Culture” a Panacea for Brand Survival: Feasibility Analysis of Zimbabwe Tourism Destination." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i2.8545.

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The study investigated culture as one the strategies that can be used to enhance survival of Zimbabwe tourism brand. This is because like other African tourism destinations, Zimbabwe is rich in unique traditional culture but failing to improve its global tourism brand identity. The study was based on a mixed methods research design combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches in collecting data from respondents. The qualitative method was used to find out the most crucial variables that contribute to culture identity in Zimbabwe tourism destination. This was done through in-depth interviews with the experts and managers in the tourism industry. The responses showed that the most common sources of culture identity are beliefs and norms, national dress code, galleries and heritage, originality in values and language. These variables were then investigated on their effect to Zimbabwe tourism destination branding using survey questionnaires as quantitative research instruments. The respondents for the questionnaires were from the travel sector, accommodation sector, resorts, Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality, Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Environment. The results of the study show that national dress code is the most important source for Zimbabwe tourism cultural branding followed by galleries and heritages and originality in values. The study therefore recommended these three as the most core source for branding Zimbabwe tourism destination using culture. The other variables which are language, beliefs and norms have been regarded as supporting cultural factors and a model was designed to show the relationships.

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Hollander, D. "Zimbabwe: MENTAL HEALTH." Lancet 328, no. 8500 (July 1986): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92504-3.

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Milne, G. R., and A. Hoole. "The Zimbabwe Natural Resources Management Programme and lessons in cross-cultural exchange." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70704-6.

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Since early 1992, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has been executing a five year, $19 million CIDA-funded capacity building programme in the Republic of Zimbabwe, in southern Africa. The programme has a policy development project (EPCU) in the Ministry of Environment and Tourism head office, and an operational level project (RTB) in the Department of Natural Resources. Training and the exchange of skills, knowledge, and experience are critical elements in both projects. The cross-cultural exchange method used by the two Canadian EPCU advisors has evolved from a direct one-on-one approach with only two Zimbabwean counterparts, to a broader approach involving five primary counterparts in the immediate unit, and several secondary counterparts in other branches of the local Ministry. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. From experience gained to date however, the broader approach appears better suited for implementing the EPCU project objectives in light of local conditions and constraints.

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Jacobs, Susie. "Land Resettlement and Gender in Zimbabwe: Some Findings." Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 3 (September 1991): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00000641.

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While a Research Associate attached to the Ministry of Community Development and Women's Affairs, Zimbabwe, in 1984, I studied the relation between gender and class in six Resettlement Areas (R.A.s) during an eight-month period in there north-eastern Provinces: Central and East Mashonaland, and Manicaland. The country is divided into five agro-ecological ‘Natural Regions’, numbered I to V, indicating decreasing rainfall and soil fertility, and the R.A.s studied were all in II or III, albeit in a year of drought.

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Jacobs, Susie. "Land Resettlement and Gender in Zimbabwe: Some Findings." Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 3 (September 1991): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00003608.

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While a Research Associate attached to the Ministry of Community Development and Women's Affairs, Zimbabwe, in 1984, I studied the relation between gender and class in six Resettlement Areas (R.A.s) during an eightmonth period in there north-eastern Provinces: Central and East Mashonaland, and Manicaland. The country is divided into five agro-ecological ‘Natural Regions’, numbered I to V, indicating decreasing rainfall and soil fertility, and the R.A.s studied were all in II or III, albeit in a year of drought.

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Madhekeni, Alois, and Gideon Zhou. "Legal and Institutional Framework: The “Achilles Heel” Of Local Authorities and Raison D’etre of Ministerial Intervention in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 3 (July 28, 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i3.2017.

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Centre-local relations have been an area of controversy in Zimbabwean local governance both as a discipline and as a practice. Local authorities have traded blows with central government particularly accusing the responsible Ministry of reducing them to spectators in their own field through excessive ministerial intervention. Meanwhile the ministry of local government has cracked the whip on local authorities accusing them of mismanagement and compromised service delivery. The independent media has described the scenario as a “Bloodbath” in local authorities. What appears to be misconstrued by many however is the fact that the governing legal and institutional framework of local governance in Zimbabwe provides room for the responsible Minister to legally enable or disable local authority administration. This governing framework has been and is still the “Achilles heel” of local authorities and the raison d’être of ministerial intervention in Zimbabwe.

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The Lancet. "Restoring health in Zimbabwe." Lancet 372, no. 9644 (September 2008): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61457-9.

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Mangezi, Walter, and Dixon Chibanda. "Mental health in Zimbabwe." International Psychiatry 7, no. 4 (October 2010): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600006032.

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Zimbabwe is a landlocked country which has recently emerged from some marked political and socio-economic challenges. Against this background, mental health has fallen down the priority list, as matters such as food shortages and the AIDS scourge have taken prece dence. Zimbabwe is in southern Africa; Zambia and Botswana lie to the north, Namibia to the west, South Africa to the south and Mozambique to the east. Its population is 11.4 million. The capital city is Harare, which has a population of 1.6 million.

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Logie, Dorothy. "Zimbabwe: Health or debt." Lancet 341, no. 8850 (April 1993): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91231-a.

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&NA;. "Health Ministry Partnerships." Journal of Christian Nursing 31, no. 1 (2014): E4—E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnj.0000000000000050.

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Horton, Shalonda E. B., Elizabeth E. Alvear, and Daryl L. Horton. "Health Ministry Partnerships." Journal of Christian Nursing 31, no. 1 (2014): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnj.0000000000000030.

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&NA;. "PARISH HEALTH MINISTRY." ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal 3, no. 3 (May 1999): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00135124-199905000-00009.

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Kurebwa, Jeffrey, and Eunice Magumise. "The Effectiveness of Cyber Security Frameworks in Combating Terrorism in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Cyber Research and Education 2, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcre.2020010101.

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This study investigated the effectiveness of Zimbabwe's cyber security frameworks in combating terrorism. Media reports and scholarly evidence have constantly shown that cybercrime has led to loss of life, money, security, damage to property. There is a lot of concern among citizens of African countries such as Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Nigeria that their governments are not equipped with effective cyber security systems to combat these cyber threats. It is on the basis of these concerns that this study was carried out with the hope of helping to close policy and knowledge gaps affecting the effectiveness of the cyber security frameworks of Zimbabwe. The study used qualitative methodology and a case study research design was utilised. The study was conducted in Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe. Key informant interviews and documentary search were used to collect data. Among the findings of the study were that cyber fraud and theft are some of the significant cyber security threats in Zimbabwe; that Zimbabwe lacks established legislation and other regulatory institutions for cyber-security. Among the recommendations are; that the Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs enacts cyber security laws in Zimbabwe to combat cyber terrorism.

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Chirume, Silvanos. "Sustainable Professional Development of Primary School Mathematics Teachers in Zimbabwe Through Philosophy of Education 5.0: Challenges and Prospects." Sumerianz Journal of Social Science, no. 312 (December 1, 2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjss.312.150.161.

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Teacher training colleges and universities in Zimbabwe currently fall under the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development (MHTESTD) whose mission is to develop and deliver a knowledgeable and skilled human capital through higher and tertiary Education 5.0, science and technology development using a heritage based philosophy, for the production of quality goods and services. The core values of the Ministry are integrity, humility, innovation and productivity. The philosophy of Education 5.0 system is centred on five pillars which include teaching, research, community service, innovation and industrialisation while the previous 3.0 design was centred on three aspects which are teaching, research and community service. Thus, teachers who are being trained at Zimbabwe’s colleges and universities will be required to acquire skills and knowledge to produce goods, services and ideas and also to impart such knowledge and skills to their learners. The mathematics curriculum inclusive of the syllabi, schemes of work and timetables at a teacher training institution in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe was critically analysed. Two randomly selected lectures in progress were observed and five purposively chosen lecturers interviewed. The study addresses the questions of whether and to what extent Education 5.0 is being realised, the challenges currently being faced and the future prospects of the philosophy. The paper concludes by giving recommendations for sustainable professional development of primary school mathematics teachers in Zimbabwe.

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Geddes, Linda. "Zimbabwe health system faces meltdown." New Scientist 200, no. 2685 (December 2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)63058-4.

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Kapp, Clare. "Health crisis worsens in Zimbabwe." Lancet 369, no. 9578 (June 2007): 1987–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60927-1.

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Kapp, Clare. "Health and hunger in Zimbabwe." Lancet 364, no. 9445 (October 2004): 1569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17331-5.

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Sidley, P. "Health workers strike in Zimbabwe." BMJ 313, no. 7066 (November 9, 1996): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7066.1165a.

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Mattson, Susan. "MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH IN ZIMBABWE." Health Care for Women International 19, no. 3 (April 1998): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/073993398246395.

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Mlambo, Tecla, Nyaradzai Munambah, Clement Nhunzvi, and Ignicious Murambidzi. "Mental Health Services in Zimbabwe – a case of Zimbabwe National Association of Mental Health." World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 70, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/otb.2014.70.1.006.

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Batten, A. "Ministry animal health schemes." Veterinary Record 120, no. 4 (January 24, 1987): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.120.4.95.

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Wellington, Teya, and Kurebwa Jeffrey. "The Effectiveness of State and Non-State Actors in Combating Human Trafficking and Ensuring Safe Migration Concerns of Zimbabwean Women." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 55 (May 20, 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.55.42.52.

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This study focuses on the effectiveness of State and Non-state actors in combating human trafficking and ensuring safe migration of Zimbabwean women. The study relied on qualitative research methodology while data was gathered through primary and documentary search. Respondents were purposively selected from victims of human trafficking and organisations that deal with combating human trafficking. These included IOM, Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) Human Trafficking Desk, Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs. The study revealed that human trafficking in Zimbabwe thrives under conditions of vulnerability which are caused by various factors ranging from poverty, limited educational opportunities, poor economic conditions, gender and age. A strong relationship between Government and NGOs’ inadequate adherence to the Palermo Protocol standards and escalation of human trafficking was also exposed. Though Zimbabwean has several laws that deals with human trafficking, implementation of these laws still remains a challenge. This has contributed to the escalation of human trafficking cases from Zimbabwe to neighbouring countries, particularly South Africa.

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Broadhead, Jeremy, and Melanie Abas. "Depressive Illness — Zimbabwe." Tropical Doctor 24, no. 1 (January 1994): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559402400113.

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Depression is common in the developing world and accounts for 10–20% of attendances at primary care clinics. It is a condition associated with considerable morbidity. This paper considers the characteristics of depressive illness in Zimbabwe and discusses ways to improve detection and management.

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Amanor-Wilks, Dede. "Zimbabwe attempts to prevent health crisis." Lancet 347, no. 9001 (March 1996): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91302-1.

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45

Nelson, Eric. "Beyond cholera—the Zimbabwe health crisis." Lancet Infectious Diseases 9, no. 10 (October 2009): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(09)70240-3.

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Masvaure, T. B., L. Gavin, and P. E. Terry. "HIV/AIDS Health Literacy in Zimbabwe." Methods of Information in Medicine 44, no. 02 (2005): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633965.

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Summary Objective: This qualitative study was designed to assess program needs and evaluate and improve HIV/AIDS prevention efforts at the University of Zimbabwe. Methods: We conducted eight focus group discussions with 70 students and conducted key informant interviews with formal and informal opinion leaders. Four mixed-sex focus group discussions, two all-female, and two all-male sessions were held. Results: We found a pervasive sense of despondency and powerlessness among students. Consistent across focus groups, but particularly within the women’s groups, respondents revealed that financial and accommodation needs and peer pressure were causing many male and female students to engage in prostitution. Focus group discussions also revealed condom use with regular partners is low and that students dating partners who are employed find it hard to insist on condom use in the relationship. Conclusions: Participants stated programs had positively influenced their reduction in the number of sexual partners and intentions to get tested for HIV.

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Kidia, Khameer K. "The future of health in Zimbabwe." Global Health Action 11, no. 1 (January 2018): 1496888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1496888.

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Chideme-Maradzika, J. "Health education promotion practice in Zimbabwe." Promotion & Education 7, no. 3 (September 2000): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102538230000700309.

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Mutambirwa, Jane. "Health problems in rural communities, Zimbabwe." Social Science & Medicine 29, no. 8 (January 1989): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(89)90046-4.

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Kidia, Khameer, Debra Machando, Walter Mangezi, Reuben Hendler, Megan Crooks, Melanie Abas, Dixon Chibanda, Graham Thornicroft, Maya Semrau, and Helen Jack. "Mental health in Zimbabwe: a health systems analysis." Lancet Psychiatry 4, no. 11 (November 2017): 876–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30128-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Zimbabwe. Ministry of Health'

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