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1
Nyazema, Norman Z. "The Zimbabwe Crisis and the Provision of Social Services." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600204.
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Historically, health care in Zimbabwe was provided primarily to cater to colonial administrators and the expatriate, with separate care or second-provision made for Africans. There was no need for legislation to guarantee its provision to the settler community. To address the inequities in health that had existed prior to 1980, at independence, Zimbabwe adopted the concept of Equity in Health and Primary Health Care. Initially, this resulted in the narrowing of the gap between health provision in rural areas and urban areas. Over the years, however, there have been clear indications of growing inequities in health provision and health care as a result of mainly Economic Structural Adjustment Policies (ESAP), 1991–1995, and health policy changes. Infant and child mortality have been worsened by the impact of HIV/AIDS and reduced access to affordable essential health care. For example, life expectancy at birth was 56 in the 1980s, increased to 60 in 1990 and is now about 43. Morbidity (diseases) and mortality (death rates) trends in Zimbabwe show that the population is still affected by the traditional preventable diseases and conditions that include nutritional deficiencies, communicable diseases, pregnancy and childbirth conditions and the conditions of the new born. The deterioration of the Zimbabwean health services sector has also partially been due to increasing shortages of qualified personnel. The public sector has been operating with only 19 per cent staff since 2000. Many qualified and competent health workers left the country because of the unfavourable political environment. The health system in Zimbabwe has been operating under a legal and policy framework that in essence does not recognize the right to health. Neither the pre-independence constitution nor the Lancaster House constitution, which is the current Constitution of Zimbabwe, made specific provisions for the right to health. Progress made in the 1980s characterized by adequate financing of the health system and decentralized health management and equity of health services between urban and rural areas, which saw dramatic increases in child survival rates and life expectancy, was, unfortunately, not consolidated. As of 2000 per capita health financing stood at USD 8.55 as compared to USD 23.6, which had been recommended by the Commission of Review into the Health Sector in 1997. At the beginning of 2008 it had been dramatically further eroded and stood at only USD 0.19 leading to the collapse of the health system. Similarly, education in Zimbabwe, in addition to the changes it has undergone during the different periods since attainment of independence, also went through many phases during the colonial period. From 1962 up until 1980, the Rhodesia Front government catered more for the European child. Luckily, some mission schools that had been established earlier kept on expanding taking in African children who could proceed with secondary education (high school education). Inequity in education existed when the ZANU-PF government came into power in 1980. It took aggressive and positive steps to redress the inequalities that existed in the past. Unfortunately, the government did not come up with an education policy or philosophy in spite of massive expansion and investment. The government had cut its expenditure on education because of economic and political instability. This has happened particularly in rural areas, where teachers have left the teaching profession.
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ZINYAMA, LOVEMORE M. "ASSESSING SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN THE AFRICAN RURAL AREAS OF ZIMBABWE." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 78, no. 1 (January 1987): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1987.tb00142.x.
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Thebe, Vusilizwe. "The Complexity of Contemporary Rural Society: Agricultural ‘Betterment’ and Social Realities in Semi-arid Zimbabwe." African and Asian Studies 17, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341017.
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Abstract Modernist assumptions have guided rural development interventions in Zimbabwe since the mid-twentieth century. As a result interventions were not firmly grounded on rural socio-economic and physical realities. The aim was not only to create a society of ‘modern’, ‘progressive farmers’ who followed a predetermined agricultural path, but also, the quest for order and modernity was clearly manifest through centralization measures and increased emphasis on prudent land husbandry. This article seeks to demonstrate that these rural development initiatives were ill-suited to the socio-physical realities in some rural societies. Using a case study of a communal area in semi-arid north-western Zimbabwe, it stresses the importance of the physical conditions, the socio-economic dynamics and the particular livelihood trajectories of rural households. It concludes that, even if the state in Zimbabwe was to succeed in imposing an agrarian order driven by these models, such a policy was more likely to end in dismal failure.
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Hlatshwayo, Mondli. "The Trials and Tribulations of Zimbabwean Precarious Women Workers in Johannesburg: A Cry for Help?" Qualitative Sociology Review 15, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 62–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.15.1.03.
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There is a growing literature on the conditions of Zimbabwean women working as migrant workers in South Africa, specifically in cities like Johannesburg. Based on in-depth interviews and documentary analysis, this empirical research paper contributes to scholarship examining the conditions of migrant women workers from Zimbabwe employed as precarious workers in Johannesburg by zooming in on specific causes of migration to Johannesburg, the journey undertaken by the migrant women to Johannesburg, challenges of documentation, use of networks to survive in Johannesburg, employment of the women in precarious work, and challenges in the workplace. Rape and sexual violence are threats that face the women interviewed during migration to Johannesburg and even when in Johannesburg. The police who are supposed to uphold and protect the law are often found to be perpetrators involved in various forms of violence against women. In the workplace, the women earn starvation wages and work under poor working conditions. Human rights organizations and trade unions are unable to reach the many migrant women because of the sheer volume of violations against workers’ rights and human rights.
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Mugodzwa, Davidson Mabweazara. "Black Economic Empowerment, Employment Creation and Resilience: The Economic and Social Contribution of Lennox Mine to the Development of Zimbabwe, 1970-2016." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n3.p6.
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<div><p><em>This research sets out to unravel the history of Lennox Mine from its inception in 1970 tracing the contribution of the mine to the economic development of Zimbabwe from its colonial beginnings up to the current period when the new visionary owner, Honourable Gandiwa Moyo, Deputy Minister of Mines who inherited a dysfunctional mining enterprise set it on course again as a pillar for economic production, under the erstwhile management of the Lennox General Mine Manager, Edgar Mashindi. The research seeks to explore how the mine management, operating under harsh economic conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe has empowered African entrepreneurs and employees and resuscitated life to the dying town of Mashava. Mashava is back on its former footing as a lively booming bedroom town of Masvingo City, forty kilometres away: supermarkets, bars, salons, housing projects, new shops are sprouting up once again as Mashava claims its proud place as a gold producing enclave of the Zimbabwean economy. Hundreds of unemployed youths from all over Zimbabwe have descended on Mashava, seeking employment and investment opportunities resulting in an unprecedented economic boom which is being felt country wide. Only recently hordes of flea female market traders opened shop at Mashava to sell clothes, shoes, household furniture and related paraphernalia to local residents and they reported that business was excellent and confirmed business plans to return every month end to sell their wares. A few years back Mashava was an abandoned mining town with all services shut down after the Capitalist oligarchic organization which owned Mashava ceased all operations and expropriated capital to Australia and Europe and started out new commercial ventures in those respective European countries. The Zimbabwean Electricity Supply Association [ZESA] shut down electricity supplies to Lennox Mine after the mine incurred a debt of close to a quarter of a million. Today, Lennox has agreed on a payment plan and electricity has been reopened triggering high gold productivity as the mine returns to its normal production levels.</em></p></div>
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Makanyeza, Charles, and Simolini Mutambayashata. "Consumers’ acceptance and use of plastic money in Harare, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Bank Marketing 36, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-03-2017-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 to determine factors influencing acceptance and use of plastic money in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-section of 528 consumers, respondents were randomly intercepted as they walked out of five major supermarkets in Harare, Zimbabwe. Random selection of consumers was done in order to ensure a representative sample. Consumers were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was applied to test research hypotheses. Findings Results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation and habit all positively influenced behavioural intention to adopt plastic money. Social influence, facilitating conditions and perceived financial cost all did not have a significant effect on behavioural intention to adopt plastic money. Behavioural intention positively influenced consumers’ use behaviour on plastic money. Research limitations/implications This study is among the pioneers of research in this field in Zimbabwe and other developing countries. Likewise, caution must be taken when researchers try to generalise findings from this study. It is, therefore, recommended that more studies of this nature be conducted in other developing countries in order to have a more solid understanding of consumers’ adoption of plastic money. Practical implications The study advises banks to pay particular attention to performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation and habit when devising strategies to increase the adoption of plastic money. Originality/value Factors that influence the adoption of plastic money are not widely researched under circumstances such as those existing in Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwean financial sector provides a unique environment to conduct studies of this nature.
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Makanyeza, Charles. "Determinants of consumers’ intention to adopt mobile banking services in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Bank Marketing 35, no. 6 (September 4, 2017): 997–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-07-2016-0099.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of consumers’ intention to adopt mobile banking services in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 232 bank customers was conducted in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe, using a structured questionnaire with Likert-type questions. Customers were randomly intercepted as they walked out of five major banks. Structural equation modelling, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test research hypotheses. Findings The study found that perceived usefulness, perceived self-efficacy, social influence, relative advantage and perceived compatibility all have a positive effect, whilst perceived risk has a negative effect on behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking services in Zimbabwe. Perceived ease of use, facilitating conditions, perceived complexity, perceived trialability, awareness-knowledge and demographic factors (gender, age, education and income) did not significantly influence behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking. Perceived ease of use was found to positively influence perceived usefulness, while perceived self-efficacy was found to have a positive effect on perceived ease of use. Behavioural intention was found to positively influence usage of mobile banking services in Zimbabwe. Research limitations/implications Data were collected from bank customers in Chinhoyi, one of the emerging towns in Zimbabwe. Future research should be expanded to include other major cities in Zimbabwe and other countries. More similar studies should be conducted to test the factors identified in literature in different contexts and markets and on other innovations. Practical implications The study advises banks to pay particular attention to perceived usefulness, perceived self-efficacy, social influence, relative advantage, perceived compatibility and perceived risk when designing new mobile banking services. Originality/value There is not a unified position regarding factors influencing mobile banking adoption. Factors vary with contexts, markets, time and types of innovations. The study tested some major factors identified in literature in the context of Zimbabwe.
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Kuptsova, I. S., Y. I. Bulygin, R. R. Lazurenko, and A. R. Temirkanov. "Predicting accidents in the mining industry in Zimbabwe in order to develop preventive measures to reduce them." SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, no. 4 (2020): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2020-4-2-11.
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Introduction. Industrial accidents are associated with various factors: human, social and economic problems, which we must strive to eliminate, thereby ensuring a safe working environment. Statistics on occupational injuries are necessary to assess the degree of hazard and potential risks associated with occupational factors to protect workers. Labor inspectorate statistics play an important role in developing national policies, systems, programs and strategies to improve safety and working conditions for miners in Zimbabwe. Labor Inspection in Zimbabwe is one of the main safety control mechanisms. Labor inspection statistics enable the government to monitor the mining industry and better analyze mining safety compliance issues. Problem Statement. The article discusses the prediction of accidents in the mining industry of the Republic of Zimbabwe in order to reduce the incidence of injuries. Economic and social development in the mining industry requires reliable analysis of injury statistics. Statistics of injuries in various production processes are given. Theoretical Part. In the process of data analysis, interpolation algorithms are used embedded in mathematical software. Statistical reports on occupational injuries provided by the Federal State Statistics Service were used as basic information. Conclusion. Mathematical forecasting of industrial injuries in the mining industry in Zimbabwe allows us to determine the likely values of the predicted indicators.
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Mavhura, Emmanuel, Andrew Collins, and Pathias Paradzayi Bongo. "Flood vulnerability and relocation readiness in Zimbabwe." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2016-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine vulnerability conditions to flood disasters in Tokwe-Mukorsi community, Zimbabwe and identifies the barriers that constrained the community from relocating to safe sites. Design/methodology/approach Using a questionnaire survey, field observations and interviews, the paper examines the biophysical and social vulnerability of the Tokwe-Mukorsi community, Zimbabwe, as well as the barriers that prevented it from relocating to safe sites. A thematic analysis of the large volumes of qualitative data from interviews and walk-through analyses was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used in analysing quantitative data from questionnaires. Findings Results reveal that households living upstream and downstream of the dam were highly vulnerable to floods. Their biophysical vulnerability was partly induced by the construction of the dam whose basin encroached into the farming and settlement area. The extremely vulnerable group were households living below level of 660 m where five saddle dams had been constructed. The built environment of the community exhibited ignorance of standard building codes. The poor socio-economic conditions of the community and the incessant rains experienced over two weeks contributed to the flood disaster in early 2014. The Tokwe-Mukorsi community failed to relocate to safe places partly due to lack of compensation, absence of basic infrastructure and drought occurrence in relocation sites. Research limitations/implications The calculation of social vulnerability indices is beyond the scope of this study due to non-availability of quantitative data at community level. Originality/value This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of why some communities may fail to relocate despite being highly vulnerable to flood disasters.
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Alenezi, Majed. "Political Reading of Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 14, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v14i2.24074.
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This paper explores Tsitsi Dangarembga’s debut novel, Nervous Conditions, from a political perspective. It has been read as portraying of gender relationships, social hierarchies and oppression of African women. This paper takes a different route as it analyses the role of masculinities through a political perspective. The conflict and struggle between genders in the text can be read through a political and historical perspective. This particular reading is permitted through a close analysis of the male characters in the novel. The research argues that male characters resemble or behave in away similar to white colonizers in their treatment of African women. Reading the novel through a political perspective provides the reader with the benefit of understanding the changes that occur in the characters and the role of gender conflict in the text. The triumph of Tambu and Nyasha at the end underscores the failure of colonial power to colonize Zimbabwe.
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Moyo, Otrude N., and Saliwe M. Kawewe. "Lone Motherhood in Zimbabwe: The Socioeconomic Conditions of Lone Parents and Their Children." Social Work in Public Health 24, no. 1-2 (February 19, 2009): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19371910802569732.
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Mtetwa, Archieford Kurauone. "“Small House! The Cross’s Religiously Modified Institution.” A Historical Cultural Materialist Approach to the Genesis, Growth and Development of Small Houses in Zimbabwe." Advances in Social Science and Culture 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2022): p90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v4n3p90.
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The family is the most important basic social institution in any state since time immemorial. It is from this institution that clans, tribes and nations were born. It was the center of the means of production. Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular, the family system tallies with the religious or the ideological system or vice versa. African Indigenous Religion (AIR) is a religious ideology anchored on communalism and it is anti-individualism in the same way the African family system operates. Through the historical cultural materialist approach this paper argues that the “empire” (imperial states) disrupted, dismembered and destroyed the pristine African family institution through its pervasive tool; “the cross” and its willing agents. The cross (church/temple or Christianity) and its agents criminalised the communal family for the individualistic idealistic family. Individualism is not an African value, it is a foreign model and as such foreign models will not work to the expectations of Africans. Among other causes, the cross, through cultural hegemony gave birth to the “small house” in Zimbabwe. The church is an anti-structure institution to the Zimbabwean communal kinship system. It is the argument of this paper that the cross was developed and deployed to criminalise, shame and stigmatize the African family or kinship values (among them polygamy) resulting in nefarious clandestine legitimation of an illegitimate Western construct “small house”. A family is ideologically unique and as such the conception of a family with regard to the religion of the empire is individualistic as its Christian religious ideology is. The paper goes behind the present through solely focusing on the historical cultural and material conditions that led to the genesis, growth and development of the ‘small house’ in Zimbabwe as an offspring of the church. This chapter concludes by arguing that the small house is a genetically modified institution of the church.
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Maxwell, David. "The Durawall of Faith: Pentecostal Spirituality in Neo-Liberal Zimbabwe." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 1 (2005): 4–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066052995825.
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AbstractThis paper considers the nature of Pentecostal spirituality in contemporary Zimbabwe, taking as its case study Zimbabwe Assemblies of God, Africa (ZAOGA), one of the continent's largest and most vital Pentecostal movements. The analysis centres upon a lexicon of key words, phrases and narratives used in song, preaching, testimony and prayer. For example, there is a preponderance of images of security, including the 'durawall', the protective concrete fencing surrounding a factory or a suburban home. The paper demonstrates how Pentecostalism, as quintessential popular religion, is able both to satisfy deep existential passions and to aid those struggling for survival in the specific social conditions of neo-liberal Zimbabwe. While Pentecostalism helps create an acquisitive, flexible person better suited to coping with neo-liberalism's economic agenda, it rejects the neo-liberal cultural project. Instead Pentecostal communities provide believers with security in the face of state retrenchment, the capriciousness of global capitalism and growing levels of violence and crime. Pentecostal religion also offers hope to those suffering from a sense of personal abjection created by the shattered hopes of independence and the elusive promise of modernity.
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Muridzo, Noel Garikai, and Victor Chikadzi. "Zimbabwe’s poverty and child sexual abuse." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.41.
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AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious scourge that affects all countries globally. While there are myriad factors contributing the prevalence of CSA in Zimbabwe, poverty is arguably one of the major underlying issues and root causes of most of these factors. Over the past two decades, Zimbabwe has gone through an unprecedented economic meltdown; fewer resources are being channelled towards child protection leading to the decline in standards of living for children. Consequently, children are left vulnerable to poverty which exposes them to the risk of CSA. This paper discusses a number of poverty-related factors that are contributing to CSA in Zimbabwe. A qualitative study approach was adopted, and data were collected from 38 participants and four key informants who were selected using theoretical and purposive sampling, respectively. In addition, 300 court files of CSA cases were also reviewed. Notwithstanding other circumstances leading to CSA, findings showed that poverty-related vulnerabilities, such as adverse living conditions, rurality, child labour and migration, exposed children to CSA. The paper ends by discussing the policy and social work practice implications and recommendations in view of the findings.
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SCANNELL, PADDY. "Music, radio and the record business in Zimbabwe today." Popular Music 20, no. 1 (January 2001): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143001001283.
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Radio and the recording business have, since the beginning of the last century, had a profound impact upon existing musical life whenever and wherever they have decisively and irreversibly established themselves. Their arrival restructures and redefines the social relations of music in many aspects of its production, performance and reception. Radio and recording technologies have had a significant impact on the livelihoods of all those who one way or another try to make a living from music (composers, performers and - in Europe - publishers, for instance). Performance itself is transformed as new norms are set in place which call for new levels of technique and interpretation. Finally the conditions of musical reception are reconfigured and new `taste publics' emerge, potentially in conflict with each other, as musical life is totalised into a new and complex unity.
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Mlambo, Courage. "Vendor rights and violence: Challenges faced by female vendors in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 6 (September 28, 2021): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i6.1197.
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The paper seeks to highlight the challenges faced by women street vendors in Zimbabwe. The paper provides an overview of the brutal attitudes displayed toward women and young girl vendors by law enforcement agencies in Zimbabwe. Street vending is an important source of income for the poor in the developing world. Street vending activities contribute to the livelihoods of millions of people and to national wellbeing at large, especially in developing countries. Secondary sources including journals, newspapers and online news articles were used in the compilation of this study. These sources were analysed for any insights into women street vendors’ socio-economic status, police treatment of street vendors and working conditions. Street vendors experience arbitrary arrests, harassment, and confiscation of their wares and the government continues to move them out of the town and cities structures despite the unavailability of alternative accommodation. is a need for the government of Zimbabwe to see economic and social rights as a priority and the government should also protect women and girls from police brutality. Without the state’s protection, women and young girls who ply their trade in the street will remain in a state of harassment, beatings and arbitrary arrest by the police.
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Mazwi, Nicola, Bongani Seremani, Tsungai Kaseke, and Clemencia Lungu. "PSYCHO-SOCIAL EXPERIENCES OF YOUTHS DURING THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN: INSIGHTS FROM HARARE, ZIMBABWE." Business Excellence and Management S.I., no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2020.s.i.1-04.
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The COVID-19 pandemic that started in Wuhan, Hubei province in China in December 2019 has brought about varied psycho-social experiences to youths during the COVID-19 lockdown period. World Health Organisation warned that the coronavirus and the restrictive measures around it would have negative effects on people’s mental health and well-being. Current scientific literature reveals that in China, UK and Spain COVID-19 outbreak resulted in symptoms leading to psychological disorders while in Africa the 2014 Ebola outbreak resulted in social and economic breakdowns in people’s livelihoods. This qualitative study made use of document analysis as a research design. WhatsApp messages were analysed using thematic analysis. The study sought to explore how youths in Harare, Zimbabwe responded to the lockdown and ways in which the lives of the youths were psychologically and socially affected. Research questions were on; how youths in Harare responded to the lockdown; how the lockdown affected the youths; in what ways the lockdown affected psychological lives of the youths and what can be done in future in order to improve the lives of youths during pandemics. The study revealed that some youths of Harare presented psychological conditions leading to PTSD symptoms such as stress, confusion, anger, anxiety and depression while some embraced COVID-19 Lockdown as it improved family and social ties. It was also noted that youths should be able to access psychological services during epidemics in order to avert surges in mental health illnesses emanating from national lockdowns.
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Chimbidzikai, Tinashe. "“It’s a Big Umbrella”." Migration and Society 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2021.040115.
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This article questions the dominant narrative that considers displaced persons as victims, powerless, and lacking agency to shape their individual and collective conditions. Based on an ethnographic study of largely Zimbabwe Exemption Permit holders living in Johannesburg, the article argues that Pentecostalism offers an alternate worldview that draws on religious beliefs and practices to express triumph over everyday adversities and vicissitudes of forced mobility. The article concludes that such beliefs and practices embolden and espouse individual and collective agency among “born-again” migrants, as they mobilize religious social networks for individuals to make sense of the uncertainties engendered by displacement.
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Rubin, Joshua D., Susanna Fioratta, and Jeffrey W. Paller. "Ethnographies of emergence: everyday politics and their origins across Africa Introduction." Africa 89, no. 03 (July 16, 2019): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000457.
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The articles that appear in this part issue focus on disparate topics, from rumours of electoral fraud to the production of art, and span the African continent from Guinea and Ghana in the west to Zimbabwe in the south. Despite their evident differences, the contributors see their pieces as united by a common theme: emergence. Elaborating on Simone's influential exploration of the intertwined concepts of emergence and emergency (2004), as well as prior research in Africa on informal economic practices (the exchange of goods and services unregulated by states) (Hart 1973; Piot 2010; Roitman 2004; Weiss 2009), we consider emergence to be the process by which new social formations become thinkable, repeatable, and even – at times – habitual. Although conditions of crisis or precarity or even revolutionary upheaval might be fertile ground for emergence, insofar as these social conditions represent ‘rupture[s] in the organization of the present’ (Simone 2004: 4), the articles here also show that new social practices do not emerge out of nowhere. Rather, these articles demonstrate that attention to quotidian encounters can illuminate how citizens mobilize previously existing norms and patterns of behaviour in response to social change or economic crisis.
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Thompson, Guy. "“Pumpkins Just Got in There”: Gender and Generational Conflict and “Improved” Agriculture in Colonial Zimbabwe." International Review of Social History 55, S18 (December 2010): 175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000544.
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SummaryThis essay explores how gender and generational dynamics in peasant communities in colonial Zimbabwe were reshaped between 1930 and 1965 by factors introduced by colonization. British rule brought dramatically greater market opportunities and access to new agricultural tools. Some peasants readily adopted ploughs, combining these new tools with indigenous methods of production and environmental management to increase output and market sales while developing new hybrid ways of working the land. These options allowed some young men to evade the demands of, and obligations to, their fathers, while the new methods often increased women’s workloads, exacerbating gender tensions. In the wake of World War II, Rhodesian state agricultural programmes sought to reshape African farming practices dramatically, initiatives that were justified as protecting the environment and modernizing the peasant sector. These measures permanently allocated and demarcated peasant land, imposed onerous environmental protection measures, and encouraged peasants to follow labour-intensive production methods based on European techniques. These conditions restricted young men’s access to land and imposed intense demands on women of all ages; in practice, however, these changes led to a renegotiation of gender and generational dynamics, most obviously in a wave of protests that threatened state control of the countryside.
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McAllister, Georgina, and Julia Wright. "Agroecology as a Practice-Based Tool for Peacebuilding in Fragile Environments? Three Stories from Rural Zimbabwe." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 2, 2019): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030790.
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This paper investigates how transformative agroecology may contribute to the critical reframing of social–ecological relationships, and how this might in turn create a foundation for bottom-up peace formation in fragile environments, within which rural communities are often habituated to conditions of control, violence and mistrust that drive social division. Here, we consider the value of social farming in reforging relationships through which social–ecological change may be negotiated and alternative sources of agency and identity may be cultivated in order to transcend entrenched patterns of division. Three case studies are presented, drawing on primary data from participatory action research with farming communities in Zimbabwe that also consider the differential attitudes and experiences of agroecological and conventional farmers. The study finds that, where agroecological farmers were exposed to more plural ways of thinking, being and acting together, levels of autonomy from coercive structures were increasing, as were both a sense of efficacy and optimism to effect social–ecological change. This was particularly pronounced where collective processes to shape physical landscapes were forging bonds of solidarity, reciprocity and trust. In these cases, agroecological farmers were increasingly able to envisage a future together shaped by collective endeavour, evidenced by changing attitudes and relationships with one another and their environment. The paper explores the extent to which farmers in each location were able to instrumentalise resilience and agency for everyday peace, and the variances found according to historical context and local power dynamics that represent barriers to change.
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Scoones, Ian, Blasio Mavedzenge, and Felix Murimbarimba. "Medium-scale commercial farms in Africa: the experience of the ‘native purchase areas’ in Zimbabwe." Africa 88, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 597–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972018000244.
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AbstractAcross Africa there has been a growth in medium-sized farms, including in Zimbabwe following the land reform of 2000. What are the prospects of such farms driving new forms of agricultural commercialization? In this article we seek to learn lessons from the past by examining the experience of ‘native purchase areas’, which were established from the 1930s in Zimbabwe. Through a detailed historical study of Mushagashe small-scale commercial farming area in Masvingo Province, the article explores the changing fortunes of farms over time. Historical information is complemented by a survey of twenty-six randomly selected farms, examining patterns of production, asset ownership and accumulation. In-depth interviews explore life histories and changes in social arrangements that have influenced agrarian change. Four broad farm types are identified, including those that are commercialized, projectized, villagized, and held or abandoned. These categories are not static, however, and the article emphasizes non-linear patterns of change. Following Sara Berry, we show how pathways of commercialization are diverse and unpredictable, influenced by interlocking conjunctures of social dynamics, generational changes and political-economic conditions. Commercialization outcomes are dependent on the intersection of relational dynamics and more structural, political economy factors. Bursts of commercialization on these farms are contingent on access to employment by farm owners, labour (hired, squatters and offspring) and, perhaps above all, money to invest. The much-hyped policy vision of a new medium-scale commercial farm sector emerging in Africa therefore must be qualified, and divergent outcomes recognized.
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Mhlanga, David, and Adewale Samuel Hassan. "Financial Participation Among Smallholder - Farmers in Zimbabwe: What Are the Driving Factors?" Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 11, no. 4 (July 5, 2022): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0117.
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Small-scale farmers' financial participation boosts output while also raising living conditions by breaking the poverty cycle. Many policymakers regard it as a necessary input for increasing agricultural production because it is a vital aspect of the agriculture sector's commercialization and the modernization of the rural economy. Financial participation is a vital input for agriculture to achieve substantial growth. Small-scale farmers' financial engagement in many rural families remains a concern in Zimbabwe, despite the construction of a vast network of financial institutions in towns and growth centres. This research examines the factors that influence smallholder farmers' engagement in Zimbabwe's formal financial markets. The Binary Logit model was used to evaluate the characteristics that influence smallholder farmers' engagement informal financial markets. The results from the logit model indicated that “gender, household head age, land size, and agricultural extension service” were the significant factors influencing financial participation by smallholder farmers. As a result, the government should prioritize measures targeted at expanding the area of land available to small-scale farmers to ensure that these farmers are in the position to commercialise their activities. Again, support towards agricultural extension programs aimed at expanding farmer training and “doubling efforts to guarantee that the age distribution in farms” is balanced between the young and the old, as age has an impact on formal financial market involvement.
Received: 8 March 2022 / Accepted: 20 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022
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Dr., Alouis Chilunjika, Sharon Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika, and Bismark Mutizwa. "Unpacking the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe`s Public Sector." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jhass-0203.154.
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The novel COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the entire world and its far reaching impacts have been felt across different regions and sectors world-over. Similarly, the Zimbabwean public sector has been equally affected by this pandemic. Using a qualitative methodology the research interrogates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and proffers ways to deal with its impacts on the Zimbabwean public sector. Data was extensively collected from documentary sources such as books, journals, government publications etc. The study established that the Zimbabwean Health Sector (ZHS) is completely overwhelmed by the pandemic, that there is a decrease in revenue collection, poor social accountability, and corruption and that frontline employees and those working in environments that are exposed to the virus are psychologically affected. The research recommends that the government should capacitate the ZHS, revitalise industries and harnessing small to medium enterprises, embrace open Information Technologies (I.T) in parliamentary activities, strengthen the Watchdog institutions and create sustainable conducive working conditions for all.
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Bwerinofa, Iyleen Judy, Jacob Mahenehene, Makiwa Manaka, Bulisiwe Mulotshwa, Felix Murimbarimba, Moses Mutoko, Vincent Sarayi, and Ian Scoones. "What is ‘community resilience’? Responding to COVID-19 in rural Zimbabwe." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 9 (September 2022): e009528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009528.
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Based on real-time recording and reflection of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, this article identifies the features of ‘community resilience’ across sites in rural Zimbabwe. The findings confirm the importance of local knowledge, social networks and communication, as highlighted in the literature. In addition, a number of other aspects are emphasised, including the importance of adaptable livelihoods, innovation and collective learning. Flexible adaptation was especially important for responding to lockdowns, as livelihoods had to be reconfigured in response to public health measures. Meanwhile, innovation and shared learning was vital for generating local treatment responses to the disease. In the Zimbabwe context, these adaptation and innovation capabilities emerge from a particular historical experience where resilience in the face of harsh economic conditions and in the absence of state support has been generated over years. This is often a more resigned coping than a positive, empowering, transformational form of resilience. While adaptation, innovation and shared learning capabilities proved useful during the pandemic, they are not evenly spread, and there is no singular ‘community’ around which resilience emerges. The article therefore argues against seeing ‘community resilience’ as the magic bullet for disaster preparedness and response in the context of pandemics. Instead, the highly differentiated local practices of adaptation, innovation and shared learning—across gender, age and wealth differences—should be seen as an important complement to public, state-led support in health emergencies and so are part of a wider, plural health system.
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Katsidzira, Leolin, Lenon Gwaunza, and James G. Hakim. "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemic in Zimbabwe: Quo Vadis?" Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 16 (May 11, 2020): 2180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa552.
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Abstract The trajectory and impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa are unclear, but they are seemingly varied between different countries, with most reporting low numbers. We use the situation in Zimbabwe to build an argument that the epidemic is likely to be attenuated in some countries with similar socioeconomic and cultural structures. However, even an attenuated epidemic may overwhelm weak health systems, emphasizing the importance of prevention. These prevention strategies should be tailored to the unique social and cultural networks of individual countries, which may facilitate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It is also equally important to maintain services for the major infectious diseases in the region, such as tuberculosis and malaria. A breakdown of treatment and prevention services for these conditions may even overshadow the projected morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Rubin, Joshua D. "Assembling emergence: making art and selling gas in Bulawayo." Africa 89, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000482.
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AbstractThis article is an ethnographic investigation of the labours of making art and selling liquid petroleum gas (LPG) in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It locates these activities within a shared social world, centred on one of Bulawayo's major art galleries, and it demonstrates that artists and LPG dealers use similar strategies to respond to the political conditions of life in the city. This article frames these conditions as unpredictable, insofar as they change frequently and crystallize in unexpected forms, and it argues that both groups are attempting to act within these conditions and shape them into emergent assemblages. In adopting this term ‘assemblage’, which has been elaborated theoretically by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and their many interlocutors, this article emphasizes both the mutability and the unpredictability of these formations. The artists who work in the gallery, for their part, make their art by assembling their chosen media. The processes by which they choose their media constitute assemblages as well, in that artists have to adapt their artistic visions to the materials that Zimbabwe's market can provide. Street dealers in gas also produce emergent assemblages against the backdrop of unpredictability. If they want to make natural gas available to consumers, dealers must shepherd their medium through an always emergent process of distribution. They participate in transnational networks of trade, but they also theorize innovative strategies of procurement, develop circuits of trust and loyalty, and conjure up visions of a predatory state. Like artists, they use their work to construct dynamic representations of the world around them. Artists may produce images, and dealers circulate gas, but this article shows that conceptualizing these practices in terms of ‘assemblages’ calls their commonalities into view. In doing so, it also demonstrates that these practices complicate easy distinctions between aesthetics, economics and politics.
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Prince, Chimonero. "Cardiopulmonary Loading and COVID-19: Training Impact during Lockdown among Athletes of Tertiary Learning Institutions in Masvingo, Zimbabwe." October to December, 2021 2, Issue 4 (November 5, 2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i04.0122.
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Physiological, psycho-social and emotional parameters are critical skill and technical performance motifs in sports endeavors. Despite their noteworthy basis for high-quality athletic efficiencies, training and psycho-social deficiencies are inevitable challenges for athletes in competitive locales. This prospective cohort study adopted the quantitative approach. Its population was 200 participants with a sample of 25 coaches and 50 players drawn from selected tertiary institution teams in Masvingo Province. Study participants were drawn using stratified random sampling. Its thrust was to establish the impact of COVID-19 for return-to-sport athletes during lockdown restrictions. Further, it explored cardiological implications of cardiopulmonary loading parameters among athletes with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-oriented pulmonary ailments and non-diseased group. An adapted updated version of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire was used for data collection. Emerging findings revealed substantial disruption of training normalcy from lockdown restrictions. Players risked injury sustenance from solitude unsupervised workouts. Further, high cardiopulmonary loading intensities compromised health conditions of athletes with COPD-related ailments than the non-diseased group. Moreover, athletes reported major physiological and psycho-social retardation trends upon return-to-sport fora from COVID-19 lay-off restrictions. Creating online digital coaching bionetwork websites could substantially enhance ‘Work from Home’ training environments. Digital health support synergies through virtual tele-health conferences and video/zoom forums could further provide practical resolutions for athletes’ physiological and psycho-social parameters. Moderate to high intensity aerobic indoor training regimes could serve to attenuate retardation of quality skeletal tenacity and capacitate cardio-pulmonary activities from the effects of COVID-19 restrictions. SARS-oriented athletes require appropriately designed training regimes that are within their motoric aptitudes to avoid compromising their cardiopulmonary-related ailments. This allows for gradual alterations of physiological body processes from the onset of training workouts.
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Gwaka, Leon Tinashe. "Computer Supported Livestock Systems: The Potential of Digital Platforms to Revitalize a Livestock System in Rural Zimbabwe." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555085.
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Livestock contribute to household food security, financial security, and societal status. However, most rural livestock systems are fragile characterized by poor infrastructure, information asymmetry, and dysfunctional markets. Literature suggests that digital platforms show promise to contribute towards addressing these challenges and yet, contrary evidence cautions against growing concerns like platform providers' power accumulation which can further marginalize users. I use evidence from the MOSMAC intervention in Beitbridge (Zimbabwe) to explore the potential of digital platforms to revitalise a livestock system. Findings suggest that digital platforms strengthen the livestock system through connecting system actors, improving coordination, and enabling transactions. However, these platforms are fraught with hidden complexities often invisible to users and can worsen prevailing conditions. I demonstrate data aggregation, power consolidation through product integration and power shifts which are often unknow to the users. These insights can inform design considerations and empower users to make informed decisions towards digital platforms
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Law, John. "Objects and Spaces." Theory, Culture & Society 19, no. 5-6 (December 2002): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026327602761899165.
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Law's article begins by restating the classical ANT position that objects do not exist `in themselves' but are the effect of a performative stabilization of relational networks. In addition, these material enactments inevitably have a spatial dimension; they simultaneously establish spatial conditions for objectual identity, continuity, and difference. Space must not be reified as a natural, pre-existing container of the social and the material, but is itself a performance. Moreover, there are multiple forms of spatiality beyond the Euclidean space of regions (e.g. networks and fluids), and objects may exist and achieve homeomorphism within several different spatial systems. Technologies such as the Zimbabwe Bush Pump present a fluid object which is able to exist and cohere without the presence of fixed boundaries or the permanence of a particular functional definition. The network logic, however, which gravitates towards stability and functionality, tends to exclude and silence this spatial Other. An alternative political ontology is needed which goes beyond the reification of network space in order to give voice to the fluid objects which escape its unidimensional functionality.
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Musara, Joseph P., Lovemore Musemwa, Munyaradzi Mutenje, Abbyssinia Mushunje, and Charles Pfukwa. "Determinants of sorghum adoption and land allocation intensity in the smallholder sector of semi-arid Zimbabwe." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): e0105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2019171-13115.
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Sorghum is important for sustainability of smallholder farmers’ subsistence, social and economic livelihoods in semi-arid and arid environments of Southern Africa. However, production of the crop has been on the decline in the smallholder communities of semi-arid Zimbabwe. The study examines factors affecting smallholder farmers’ inclination towards producing sorghum and allocating differential land proportions towards the crop. The paper uses a double hurdle estimation approach with cross-sectional survey data from 380 small holder sorghum farmers in the Mid Zambezi region. Frequency of contact with relatives, duration of receiving subsidies and the number of groups to which household members belonged had a robust influence (p<0.01) on the adoption decision. Market frequency, availability of storage facilities and the number of buyers in the market significantly (p<0.01) influenced the land allocation decision. Variables influencing the two decisions are not necessarily the same showing independence in the decisions. However, information flow from networks and conditions of market platforms remain important variables in the two decisions. It is important to decentralise sorghum markets, strengthen local networks of kinships and increase the scope of inclusive and responsive formal extension delivery systems. Storage facilities can also be developed in partnership with private players to allow for sales during market windows which generates higher returns for the small holder sorghum farmers.
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Gopalen, Priya, and Barry Pinsky. "African Housing Organisations Respond to The Hiv and Aids Crisis." Open House International 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2008-b0002.
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HIV and AIDS is an urgent housing and human settlements issue, especially among women and children living in poverty and suffering from poor housing conditions in urban slums in the South. The link between poverty and HIV prevalence is well established, and the fact that inadequate shelter increases the vulnerability of the urban poor to HIV and AIDS is increasingly recognised. Since 2003, Rooftops Canada and their partners in Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and more recently Uganda, have been working on strategies and developing programmes to respond to the AIDS crisis in these countries. Related programmes link shelter to poverty reduction through sustainable economic and social development, environmental protection, respect for human rights, democratisation and gender equality. This paper compiles the experiences of the partner housing organisations and resource groups in Sub-Saharan Africa responding to HIV and AIDS among their constituent stakeholders. The community-based responses focus on promoting social sustainability, enhancing operational capacity and improving financial sustainability. Community-based responses relate to issues of stigma and discrimination, reducing the impact of housing rights violations and responding to the specific vulnerability of children, women and youth. Social sustainability deals with the impact of HIV and AIDS on the social viability of communities. Operational capacity analyses housing groups' responses to the organ-isational impact of HIV and AIDS - including loss of staff, leadership and institutional memory, decreased productivity and capacity - and the experience of including HIV and AIDS within the core organisational mandate. Financial sustainability explores the challenges of reconciling related financial and social goals.
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Chisadza, Bright, Michael J. Tumbare, Washington R. Nyabeze, and Innocent Nhapi. "Validation of local knowledge drought forecasting systems in the Limpopo River Basin in Southern Africa." Disaster Prevention and Management 23, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-02-2014-0032.
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Purpose – This research paper is informed by a study to assess performance of local knowledge drought forecasts (LKDFs) in the Mzingwane catchment which is located in the Limpopo River Basin in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this paper is to validate local traditional knowledge (LTK) indicators being applied in Mzingwane catchment and verify their accuracy and reliability in drought forecasting and early warning. Design/methodology/approach – LTK forecast data for 2012/2013 season were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 40 selected household heads and focus group discussions. Observations and key informant interviews with chiefs and the elderly (>55 years) were also used to collect additional LTK forecast data. Meteorological data on seasonal rainfall were collected from the meteorological Services Department of Zimbabwe (MSD). Two sets of comparisons were conducted namely the hind-cast comparison where the LKDF system results were evaluated against what the season turned out to be and forecast comparison where local LKDF system results were compared with downscaled meteorological forecasts. Findings – The results showed that the majority of the LTK indicators used were accurate in forecasting weather and drought conditions when compared to the observed data of what the season turned out to be. LTK forecasts were found to be more accurate than meteorological forecast at local scale. This study has shown that the reliability of LTKs is high as demonstrated by the fact that the predicted event occurs. Research limitations/implications – Further validation be carried out for a number of seasons, in order to standardise the LTK indicators per geographical area. Originality/value – The research creates platform for adoption of LTKs into formal forecasting systems. The research is useful to both meteorological researchers and resource constrained communities in Mzingwane catchment.
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Musizvingoza, Ronald, Jonathan Blagbrough, and Nicola Suyin Pocock. "Are Child Domestic Workers Worse Off than Their Peers? Comparing Children in Domestic Work, Child Marriage, and Kinship Care with Biological Children of Household Heads: Evidence from Zimbabwe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127405.
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Child domestic work is a hidden form of child labour driven by poverty and social norms. However, little is known about the situations of child domestic workers. This study aims to describe and analyse gender-specific working conditions, health, and educational outcomes among hidden child domestic workers (CDWs) living in third-party homes relative to married children, biological children, and other children in kinship care. Data from the 2019 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) were analysed. Descriptive statistics and bivariable logistic regression were used to describe frequency and estimated prevalence. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) were used to identify exposures and inform the selection of covariates. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the effect of each exposure variable. The prevalence of CDWs was 1.5% and CDWs were mainly girls and living in much wealthier households with more educated household heads while married girls were living in much poorer households. When compared among girls themselves, being a CDW was significantly associated with having a functional disability, while married girls were more frequently engaged in hazardous working conditions. We provide the first intersectional analysis comparing work, violence, and health outcomes among CDWs, married children and other children. Child protection measures are needed to safeguard children in domestic work and marriages.
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Kanda, Artwell, Esper Jacobeth Ncube, and Kuku Voyi. "Drivers and barriers to sustained use of Blair ventilated improved pit latrine after nearly four decades in rural Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): e0265077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265077.
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Background Some latrines remain unused even under conditions of high coverage in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. Not much is known on household latrine use in the long term in the absence of an intervention. The current work assesses drivers and barriers to sustained use of a ventilated improved pit latrine (Blair VIP) design where it originated and how rural households adapt it to climate change. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021 among rural households of Mbire district, Zimbabwe. A cross sectional survey of 238 households with Blair ventilated improved pit (BVIP) latrines was conducted using a questionnaire and a latrine observation checklist. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Qualitative data were collected using six focus groups among house heads and analysed by thematic analysis. Result The latrine has perceived health, non-health and hygiene benefits for its sustained use. However, there are design, environmental and social barriers. The quantitative study indicated that determinants of latrine use were contextual (individual and household levels) and technology (individual level) factors. Focus groups indicated that latrine use was influenced by social, technology and contextual factors at multiple level factors. Interplay of factors influenced the intention to adapt the BVIP latrine to climate change. Local climate change adaptation strategies for the latrine were odour and erosion control, construction of the conventional latrine design and raised structures. Conclusion The conventional BVIP latrine design is durable and relatively resilient to climate change with high local household use. High construction cost of the latrine causes households to build incomplete and poor quality designs which affect odour and fly control. These are barriers to sustained latrine use. The government should implement the new sanitation policy which considers alternative sanitation options and offer community support for adapting sanitation to climate change.
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Gadzirayi, Christopher, S. I. Whande, and E. Mutandwa. "Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Communal Areas of Zimbabwe: Case of Chionekano Communal Lands." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 13 (April 24, 2007): 02–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.13.1915.
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In Sub-Saharan Africa, at least 70% of the population lives in rural communal areas where they make a living out of subsistence farming. The sector continues to seek for donor support to improve their farming activities with little attention being paid to viability and sustainability of their production systems. There is also sketchy location- specific empirical evidence from research showing sustainability of communal farming practices. The broad objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the sustainability of agricultural production in communally owned farming areas. Agricultural sustainability was conceptualized in terms of biological productivity, economic viability, and reduction of production risk, environmental protection and social acceptability. Primary and secondary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Information on socio-economic characteristics, production patterns and their environmental implications, constraints and opportunities for achieving sustainability were elicited from respondents. A total of 498 households were interviewed through a census. Respondents were drawn from a cross-section of the community made up of male, female, and childheaded households from Chionekano communal farming area in Zimbabwe. The area is characterized by average annual rainfall of 600 mm, temperature range of 15-25 0 C, sparse vegetation cover and soils of less than 1% organic matter. The results revealed that the agricultural production system was below par due to degraded soil conditions which resulted in low crop yields, low returns from the livestock sector due to high incidences of stock thefts and deteriorating veld condition. Access to financial support was limited due to lack of collateral and high production risk where farmers’ production is solely based on natural and unreliable rainfall patterns and therefore unsustainable. Strategies to improve food security should receive priority to support sustainable resource management, increase access to finance and suitable inputs on credit to be worked out and soil fertility conservation to be exercised with particular focus on organic farming. Emphasis should be placed on environmental management training, production monitoring and offer financial support schemes at concessionary interest rates to spruce up their production to breakeven levels.
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Christian, Sauti. "Behavioural actions of shop-floor employees towards occupational health and safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions: A case of the agriculture Industry in Zimbabwe." Socioloski pregled 54, no. 3 (2020): 888–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-27652.
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COVID-19 pandemic has brought massive suffering to many workers globally. It has disrupted the normalcy and socio-economic fabric in many societies and has redefined the nature of the world of work. Several restrictions and measures to mitigate the spread and implications of Coronavirus have been put in place through government and individual employer efforts. These include the compulsory use of masks, body temperature tests, avoidance of unnecessary movement and maintenance of social/physical distancing among other occupational health and safety practices. Based on the findings from two selected timber sector organisations in Zimbabwe, employees have non-congruent behavioural actions to conform and adhere to the OHS measures for COVID-19. The management believes that shop-floor employees are not scared of the pandemic; they think that the virus is an illusion. Employees resist respecting social/physical distancing due to their cultural beliefs and value; some are even stealing hand sanitisers for other uses rather than the prevention of COVID-19. The study recommends effective training, awareness campaigns and effective communication for culture change and to help workers appreciate that COVID-19 is very deadly and is a reality. Taking disciplinary action for non-compliance of shop-floor employees has created negative perceptions and led to counterproductive behaviours among workers towards efforts to manage and control the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace. Trade unions and worker committees have a role to play in enhancing communication and advancing workers interests for improvement of decent working conditions in the face of Coronavirus. The state and employers should ensure respect for fundamental rights of the precariats who are soldering on in the pandemic context.
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Petrica, Dan. "National Liberation Movements and Their Vocation for Party Politics in Southern Africa. The Case of the African National Congress and Zimbabwe African National Union." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 66, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2021.1.03.
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"The paper aims to shed light on the particularities of two national liberation movements - turned political parties and how they embraced their new role after the liberation struggle had ended and majority rule had been obtained. South Africa’s ANC and Zimbabwe’s ZANU-PF are analyzed in an attempt to ultimately underline why democracy was approached distinctively by the too. We also bring some arguments as to why South Africa failed to stop ZANU-PF’s descent into autocracy, amidst internal and international pressures to intervene. After a short historical background of the two NLMs, we discuss the links between them, the particular political and social conditions which shaped their behaviours and the commonalities and differences in said behaviours. We argue that, as long as the democratic principles identified with ZANU-PF’s struggle for the empowerment of a new elite, the former were pursued; when the two no longer overlapped, stronghold politics and policies took primacy. We also argue that faced with similar contestation as ZANU-PF, the ANC might chose to sacrifice democracy for the sake of regime survival. Keywords: party-politics, international relations, regional influence, democracy, colonialism, discourse "
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Moyo, Ngqabutho, Anita D. Bhappu, Moment Bhebhe, and Farai Ncube. "Perceived Risk of COVID-19 and Employee Decision-Making: How Psychological Distress during the Pandemic Increases Negative Performance Outcomes among Healthcare Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116762.
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In this research, we examined how COVID-19 impacts employee decision-making and performance, knowing that this virus has negatively affected public health, crippled economies, and transformed social and business environments across the globe. To quantitatively test our specific hypotheses regarding the effects of employees’ perceived risk of COVID-19 and psychological distress on negative performance outcomes, we surveyed 443 healthcare workers who were employed by a group of private hospitals in Zimbabwe. These essential workers were delivering day-to-day frontline services with high exposure to COVID-19 during the pandemic. We find that employees’ perceived risk of COVID-19 increases their disengagement, turnover intention, burnout, and low morale at a p < 0.05 significance level. These latter relationships are mediated by employees’ psychological distress at a p < 0.05 significance level. Our findings shed light on how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the cognitions and behaviors of the frontline workers who are vulnerable to this contagious disease. Turnover intentions are amplified among healthcare employees, due to their perceived risk of COVID-19 and the resulting psychological distress. Similarly, burnout becomes predominant as these workers worry about contracting the coronavirus due to the poor working conditions they face. As such, our research confirms that the pandemic has intensified the precariousness of work and challenge of managing employee performance, especially for frontline healthcare workers.
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Roux, Veronique, and Didier Raoult. "Body Lice as Tools for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Reemerging Diseases." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 3 (1999): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.3.596-599.1999.
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Body lice are vectors of three bacteria which cause human disease:Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus;Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever; andBorrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever. A recrudescence of body lice is being observed as the numbers of individuals living under social conditions which predispose individuals to infestation have increased. Because this phenomenon may lead to the reemergence of infections transmitted by body lice, we aimed to assess the occurrence and prevalence of the three agents described above in more than 600 body lice collected from infested individuals in the African countries of Congo, Zimbabwe, and Burundi, in France, in Russia, and in Peru. The presence of the three bacteria in each louse was determined by specific PCR amplification, and the identities of the organisms detected were confirmed by determination of the nucleotide base sequences of the amplification products. Using this approach, we were able to confirm the presence of R. prowazekii in lice collected from refugees in Burundi, among whom typhus was epidemic, and the presence of B. quintana in lice collected from all locations except the Congo. B. recurrentis was never found. Molecular approaches are convenient tools for the detection and identification of bacterial DNA in body lice and for the epidemiological study of louse-borne bacteria from countries where no medical and biological laboratory facilities are available.
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Monney, Urbain Yapo, Vandjiguiba Diaby, Brice Kouakou Bla, Ange N’Dri Kouakou Gbe Konan, and Adou Francis Yapo. "Analyse socio-sanitaire du fumage de poisson dans la ville d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 6 (February 22, 2022): 2337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i6.8.
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La transformation de poissons frais en poissons fumés et sa commercialisation constituent pour les femmes une activité de subsistance en Côte d’Ivoire et plus particulièrement dans la capitale économique (Abidjan). Pour améliorer la dynamique de la filière de transformation, des enquêtes socio-sanitaires ont été réalisées sur 4 sites dont 2 sites de transformation et 2 sites de commercialisation durant 1 mois, de mars à avril 2019. Le travail de terrain a consisté à une interview de la population cible sur leurs sites de travail. Elle a reposé sur un questionnaire portant sur le statut social des commerçants, les types de poissons vendus et fumés, la technique de fumage ainsi que les difficultés du métier. Au total, 120 acteurs de la filière ont été interrogés. Les résultats ont montré que ces acteurs principalement des femmes étaient pour la plupart analphabètes. Ces femmes utilisaient la méthode de fumage de type artisanal faisant intervenir comme matériaux, un grillage, posé sur une barrique coupée vers le milieu (fumoir circulaire) et comme combustible le bois d’hévéa combiné parfois à des coques de coco. 13 espèces de poissons à forte valeur économique, parmi lesquelles les trois (3) espèces les plus fumés et commercialisées sur le site Vridi Zimbabwe étaient les poissons Scomber scombrus (28%), Sardinella maderensis (27%), et Euthynnus alletteratus (24%). Par contre sur le site Abobo Doumé, les espèces les plus fumés et commercialisées étaient respectivement Sardinella maderensis (29%), suivi Scomber scombrus (27%), de Ephinephelu aeneus (26%). Ces femmes travaillent dans des conditions pénibles avec des moyens rudimentaires. L’exposition intense et répétée à la fumée et à la chaleur a provoqué chez ces transformatrices,des maux d’yeux, la toux, des céphalées et des démangeaisons cutanées. Bien que cette filière procure des emplois et est une source de revenu pour la population locale, elle présente cependant des risques de santé pour les transformatrices et les consommateurs.
English title: Socio-sanitary analysis of fish smoking in the city of Abidjan (Ivory Coast)
The processing of fresh fish into smoked fish and its marketing is a subsistence activity for women in Côte d'Ivoire and more particularly in the economic capital (Abidjan). In order to improve the dynamics of the processing sector, socio-sanitary surveys were conducted on 4 sites, including 2 processing sites and 2 marketing sites, during 1 month, from March to April 2019. The fieldwork consisted of an interview of the target population on their work sites. It was based on a questionnaire on the social status of the traders, the types of fish sold and sorted, the smoking technique and the difficulties of the trade. A total of 120 actors in the sector were interviewed. The results showed that these actors, mainly women, were mostly illiterate. These women used the artisanal smoking method, using as materials, a wire mesh, placed on a barrel cut in the middle (circular smoker) and as fuel rubber wood combined sometimes with coconut shells. 13 species of fish with high economic value, among which the three (3) most smoked and commercialized species at the Vridi Zimbabwe site were Scomber scombrus (28%), Sardinella maderensis (27%), and Euthynnus alletteratus (24%). On the other hand, at the Abobo Doumé site, the species most smoked and marketed were Sardinella maderensis (29%), followed by Scomber scombrus (27%), and Ephinephelu aeneus (26%). These women work in harsh conditions with rudimentary means. Intense and repeated exposure to smoke and heat has caused these women to suffer from sore eyes, coughing, headaches and itchy skin. Although this industry provides employment and income for the local population, it poses health risks for processors and consumers.
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Hunt, Jenny, Katherine Bristowe, Sybille Chidyamatare, and Richard Harding. "‘So isolation comes in, discrimination and you find many people dying quietly without any family support’: Accessing palliative care for key populations – an in-depth qualitative study." Palliative Medicine 33, no. 6 (March 12, 2019): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216319835398.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Ensuring palliative care for all under a new global health policy must include key populations, that is, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people, and sex workers. Accessibility and quality of care have not been investigated in lower and middle-income countries where civil rights are the weakest. Aim: To examine the accessibility to, and experiences of, palliative care for key populations in Zimbabwe. Design: Qualitative study using thematic analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups. Setting/participants: A total of 60 key population adults and 12 healthcare providers and representatives of palliative care and key population support organisations were interviewed in four sites (Harare, Bulawayo, Mutare and Masvingo/Beitbridge). Results: Participants described unmet needs and barriers to accessing even basic elements of palliative care. Discrimination by healthcare providers was common, exacerbated by the politico-legal-economic environment. Two dominant themes emerged: (a) minimal understanding of, and negligible access to, palliative care significantly increased the risk of painful, undignified deaths and (b) discriminatory beliefs and practices from healthcare providers, family members and the community negatively affected those living with life-limiting illness, and their wishes at the end of life. Enacted stigma from healthcare providers was a potent obstacle to quality care. Conclusion: Discrimination from healthcare providers and lack of referrals to palliative care services increase the risk of morbidity, mortality and transmission of infectious diseases. Untreated conditions, exclusion from services, and minimal family and social support create unnecessary suffering. Public health programmes addressing other sexually taboo subjects may provide guidance.
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Nembaware, Shadreck. "NOVEL-FILM INTERFACE AND POSTCOLONIAL DYSTOPIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TSITSI DANGAREMBGA’S NOVEL AND FILM, NERVOUS CONDITIONS AND NERIA." Imbizo 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/2829.
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This paper comparatively and contrastively explores two art forms, the novel and film, by the same artist, Tsitsi Dangarembga, with a view to gauging their effectiveness in configuring Zimbabwe’s postcolonial dispensation. What is gained and what is lost when an artist shifts from one art form to another? Dangarembga belongs to the protest tradition of Zimbabwean postcolonial artists and the conceptual fibre of this tradition is notably the dystopian themes like disillusionment, cultural confusion, sex-role stereotyping, as well as social power relations. Dangarembga’s canonical novel, Nervous conditions (1988), and the highest grossing film in Zimbabwean history, Neria (1993), are both sterling attempts within the feminist tradition. The film and novel mirror a society in the throes of an epochal transition, the sense of impending change giving the works the commonality of an apocalyptic vision. Against a backdrop shaped by the interplay of historical, cultural and colonial forces, the works become perceptive anthropological windows into a society replete with multiple contradictions. In both her novel and her film, Dangarembga equips her protagonists, Tambudzai and Neria respectively, with a self-defining voice that questions and subverts the status quo. Salient manifestations of toxic masculinity in this patriarchal society account for the subtlety with which Dangarembga critiques gender relations within and without the boundaries of race and class. The protagonists in both works undergo rigorous struggles from which they ultimately emerge as different persons. This paper focuses on the nature of this struggle and its concomitant change.
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Rutherford, Blair. "Nervous Conditions on the Limpopo: Gendered Insecurities, Livelihoods, and Zimbabwean Migrants in Northern South Africa." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 27, 2020): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1869.
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This paper examines some of the gendered insecurities informing some of the livelihood practices of Zimbabwean migrants in northern South Africa from 2004-2011, the period in which I carried out almost annual ethnographic research in this region. Situating these practices within wider policy shifts and changing migration patterns at the national and local scales, this paper shows the importance of attending to gendered dependencies and insecurities when analysing migrant livelihoods in southern Africa. These include those found within humanitarian organizations targeting Zimbabwean migrants in their programs and policies in the border area. These gendered insecurities, which are woven into the fabric of travel, work and accommodation for these migrant Zimbabwean women in northern South Africa, should be examined in struggles for social justice. By drawing on the lens of social critique to engender a wider sense of the social justice needs for Zimbabwean women migrants in South Africa, this essay aims to broaden the focus of activism on women migrants to also attend to gendered insecurities in their everyday economic and shelter-seeking activities.
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Magwenzi, P., S. Rusakaniko, EN Sibanda, and FZ Gumbo. "Clinical profiles, healthcare given and hospital outcomes of children hospitalised for acute asthma at a tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe: a 2010-2020 chart review." Central African Journal of Medicine 68, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cajm.v68i1.3.
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Background: Acute asthma is among the commonest medical emergencies that cause repeated presentation to the emergency department and hospitalisation. Several guidelines exist on the management of acute asthma in children. Despite this, evidence from high income countries suggests that practice deviates from standard of care. In low-income countries including most African countries there is paucity of data on the clinical profiles, healthcare given and hospital outcomes of children hospitalised for acute asthma.
Objectives: This retrospective chart review reports on the clinical profiles, health care given and hospital outcomes of children presenting with acute asthma at a tertiary hospital.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was done on consecutive case files of patients hospitalised for acute asthma in the period January 2010 to December 2020. A standardized electronic data collection tool (REDCap) was used for data abstraction. The data was uploaded onto a REDCap server then onto an excel spreadsheet. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 (SPSS 16.0) was used for descriptive statistics and to test for association between clinical profiles and length of hospital stay. This review was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe and Institutional Joint Research Ethical Committee.
Results: A total of 214 case files were reviewed. The ages of the study participants ranged from2months to 17 years, the median was 3years (Q1=1, Q3=6) and 69% were below 5 years. Of the study population, 15% had their asthma diagnosis made before one year of age and 94% by 6 years. Newly diagnosed asthmatics accounted for 101(47%) of the study population while111(52%) were known asthmatics. Cough, fast breathing, and wheeze were universal presenting symptoms. Severe acute asthma was present in 81% of those who had their asthma severity assessed. Up to 73% of the study population had comorbidities. All patients received nebulised Short Acting B2 Agonist (SABA) in the emergency department and in hospital. Oxygen therapy was given to all the patients who had SpO2 measurement less than 92%. However, assessment of asthma severity was done in only 42%, looking for triggers in only 9%, health education was given to 52%, asthma action plan was given to only 5% and review dates were given to 77% of the study population. The median hospital stay was 3 days (Q1=2,Q3=4) and 2 patients died during the period under review. Having newly diagnosed asthma, younger age, low oxygen saturation at presentation and presence of comorbid conditions was significantly associated with severe acute asthma. Patients with severe acute asthma had longer hospital stay.
Discussion: This review has revealed that most children with asthma present by 6 years, most have severe acute asthma, co-morbidities, and recurrent hospitalizations due to acute asthma. The care given to children with acute asthma fell short of the standard of care.
Conclusions: The chart review acts as the basis for corrective interventions including; development of clinical decision-making algorithms, education of health workers, capacitation of health facilities and guidance of future research.
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Robertson, Catherine. "Contributor biographies." Journal of Vocational, Adult and Continuing Education and Training 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14426/jovacet.v5i1.251.
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Prof. Stephanie Matseleng AllaisStephanie Matseleng Allais is Research Chair of Skills Development and Professor of Education at the Centre for Researching Education and Labour (REAL) at the University of the Witwatersrand. She researches international education and development, focused on education/work relationships. Prof. Suzanne Elizabeth BesterSuzanne Bester is an Associate Professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Pretoria. Her main area of expertise is psychological assessment and intervention with a particular interest in dynamic assessment. She is also interested in well-being. Dr Tafireyi ChambokoTafireyi Chamboko is a Senior Lecturer in agricultural economics with 27 years’ experience in the field of agricultural economics, agricultural marketing and pricing analysis, farm management research, livestock economics and data analysis. He is a recipient of a PhD Fellowship from the Africa Economic Research Consortium (AERC) to pursue a DPhilAG at the University of Zimbabwe. Prof. Doria DanielsDora Daniels has a PhD in International and Intercultural Education from the University of Southern California. Her passion lies in understanding marginalised populations’ experiences with educational access and inclusion. This NRF-rated research focuses on women’s educational empowerment, gender in community history, and adult education and training for active citizenship. Ms Jennifer EsauJennifer Esau holds an MEd in Educational Support from the University of Stellenbosch and a BA (Hons) in Health Care Studies from the University of the Western Cape. She is currently studying towards a PhD in Education at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Her MEd research was on TVET students’ educational experiences of family and community support. Associate Prof. James GarrawayJames Garraway works in the Professional Education Research Institute (PERI) at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. His research focus is on work-integrated learning and the development of the university of technology sector, primarily using Activity Theory and Change Laboratory approaches. He supervises PhD and Master’s students in this field. Prof. Darren LortanDarren Lortan is an Associate Professor and the head of department of Mathematics at the Durban University of Technology. His interests outside of Mathematics include Community Engagement and Articulation in and across the Post-School Education and Training Sector. He is the Project Coordinator of the Unfurling Post-School Education and Training (UPSET) Articulation Project. Dr Lucky MalulekeLucky Maluleke is an emerging researcher and academic in the field of career development and Technical and Vocational Education and Training. He is a lecturer in the Faculty of Education at Nelson Mandela University. His current research interest is in career development and career decision-making, as well as promoting post-school education and training among youth. Dr Muneta Grace Manzeke-KangaraMuneta Grace Manzeke-Kangara is a Soil Scientist in Climate- and Nutrient-Smart Agriculture at Rothamsted Research in the United Kingdom. While working at the University of Zimbabwe, Muneta promoted Integrated Soil Fertility Management and conservation agriculture for soil fertility and grain yield improvement; and agronomic biofortification with micronutrient-supplying fertilisers for improving grain quality in smallholder farming systems. Prof. Simon McGrathSimon McGrath is Professor of Education at the University of Glasgow and a Visiting Professor at Nelson Mandela University. He is co-editor of the Journal of Vocational Education and Training and of the Handbook of Vocational Education and Training. Dr Mary Mmatsatsi MadilengMary Mmatsatsi Madileng is a senior lecturer in the Department of English Studies at the University of South Africa (UNISA). Her key areas of teaching expertise and research interest include Applied Linguistics; Education, Skills Development and Pedagogy in Vocational Education and Training; Work-Integrated Learning; and Vocational Educator Development. Dr Chenjerai MuwanikiChenjerai Muwaniki is a lecturer in Adult and Continuing Education at Great Zimbabwe University. His research interests are in adult education, vocational education, especially green skills in vocational education, learning needs of smallholder farmers and curriculum responsiveness in Agriculture Education and Training in Zimbabwe. Prof. Shervani PillayShervani Pillay is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education at Nelson Mandela University. She is Head of the Post Graduate Studies Department. Shervani does research in Higher Education Transformation and Decolonisation in Curriculum, Educational Policy, Higher Education and Curriculum Theory. Dr Lesley PowellLesley Powell is the Chair of Youth Unemployment, Employability and Empowerment (CYUEE) at Nelson Mandela University. Her scholarship is largely focused on Vocational Education and Training (VET), with her theoretical interests being the ways in which education and training intervene in poverty and advance the conditions for sustainable livelihoods. She has published widely on VET from human development and social justice perspectives, and more recently also on skills and the informal sector. Prof. Suresh RamsuroopSuresh Ramsuroop is an Associate Professor in Chemical Engineering and the assistant dean in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. He has over 33 years of industrial and academic experience. His current research interests include Computational Chemical Thermodynamics, Process Synthesis, and Design and Engineering Education. Mr Deepak SinghDeepak Singh has an MSc in Physics with research areas including Statistical Physics. He lectures in the Department of Physics at the Durban University of Technology. Dr Tanya SmitTanya Smit is a lecturer of higher education and the Acting Head of the Work Integrated Learning office of the Faculty of Education at the University of Pretoria. Her research interests include pre-service teacher self-regulated professionalism, lecturer and teacher professionalism, action research, mentorship and Technical and Vocational Education. Mr Rodney StopsRodney Stops is a lecturer in the Department of Electrical Power Engineering at the Durban University of Technology. He has over 29 years of lecturing experience and has a passion for Articulation and is using research in Education and Articulation to benefit present and future students. Prof. Volker WedekindProfessor Volker Wedekind is Professor of Education and Head of the School of Education, University of Nottingham. He is the convener of the Nottingham UNESCO-UNEVOC Centre. His research focuses on the policies and practices of vocational education in developing countries.
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Moolla, F. Fiona. "Zimbabwean Foodways, Feminisms, and Transforming Nationalisms in Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions and NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names." Matatu 48, no. 1 (2016): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04801015.
Full textAbstract:
Food studies are a productive lens through which to view the impact of social, cultural, historical and political shifts on conceptions of female identity. Nervous Conditions (1988) and We Need New Names (2013) are two novels which link the coming of age of two young women with the development of nationalism, in the first case, and the forced transnationalism of Zimbabwean refugees and exiles in the second. The story of these female and national identity transformations is conveyed, in part, through food—its production, sale, preparation, consumption, and cultural significance. The replacement of sadza and mbodza by the British cuisine of the 1960s in the novel of colonialism and national independence is paralleled in the replacement of food scarcity (symbolized by NGO beans, maize, and sugar) with the fast food of American consumer culture, and its impact on the Zimbabwean diaspora in the later novel of transnationalism. The centrality of the cultivation of mealies, which paradoxically both burdens and “liberates” in Nervous Conditions, occurs only as a pastoral backdrop to caricatured indigeneity in We Need New Names. In the later novel, the nutritional and cultural significance of maize is reduced to the mealie meal handed out by NGO workers. Maize’s centrality is replaced in We Need New Names by constipation-inducing guavas. But in this novel also, maize finally holds out the symbolic possibility of new senses of belonging and home.
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Blaauw, Phillip F., Catherina J. Schenck, Anna M. Pretorius, and Christiaan H. Schoeman. "‘All quiet on the social work front’: Experiences of Zimbabwean day labourers in South Africa." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815594223.
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Migration, particularly when triggered by economic or political hardship, has significant psychological and socio-economic consequences for the individuals concerned. While an impressive amount of research has been conducted by social workers into migration in North America, Europe and Asia, the same cannot be said for Africa. The continent has high numbers of displaced people and refugees, yet no Africa-linked research on migration has been published by the social work profession. This article addresses this gap in the literature by focusing specifically on Zimbabwean day labourers in South Africa. Survey results reveal that these migrants face intense competition for scarce jobs, and thus economic uncertainty, and are often victimised. It is incumbent upon the social work profession to expose the vulnerable conditions in which day labourers have to operate, and to mobilise a coordinated response from relevant government and non-profit organisations in the interests of greater social justice and harmony.
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Timire, Collins, Charles Sandy, Rashida A. Ferrand, Regina Mubau, Peter Shiri, Obert Mbiriyawanda, Fredrick Mbiba, et al. "Coverage and effectiveness of conditional cash transfer for people with drug resistant tuberculosis in Zimbabwe: A mixed methods study." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): e0001027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001027.
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The End TB strategy recommends social protection to mitigate socio-economic impacts of tuberculosis. Zimbabwe started implementing a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme for people on drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment in 2013. We aimed to determine the proportion of people receiving CCT and effectiveness of CCT in improving treatment outcomes, explore their experiences with registering for CCT and understand the impact of CCT from the perspective of beneficiaries. Data from 2014–2021 were extracted from TB registers and CCT payment records within the National TB Programme. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with people who were completing treatment or had completed treatment within two months. Poisson regression, adjusted for province, year of treatment, age and sex was used to investigate associations between receiving CCT and successful treatment outcomes among people who were in DR-TB care for ≥3 months after treatment initiation. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 481 people were included in the quantitative study. Of these, 53% (254/481) received CCT at some point during treatment. People who exited DR-TB care within three months were 73% less likely to receive CCT than those who did not (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.27 [95%CI: 0.18–0.41]). Among those who were alive and in care three months after treatment initiation, CCT recipients were 32% more likely to have successful outcomes than those who did not (adjusted PR = 1.32, [95%CI: 1.00–1.75]). Qualitative results revealed lack of knowledge about availability of CCT among people with DR-TB and missed opportunities by healthcare providers to provide information about availability of CCT. Delays and inconsistencies in disbursements of CCT were frequent themes. CCT were associated with successful treatment outcomes. Improvements in coverage, timeliness and predictability of disbursements are recommended.
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Chereni, Admire. "‘You become two in one’: Women’s representations of responsibility and emotional vulnerability in Zimbabwean father-away families." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815594217.
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Unlike the economic costs of migration, the psychosocial conditions and emotional needs of migrant family members in Southern Africa are under-researched. Therefore, this article examines narratives of suffering provided by Zimbabwean non-migrant women. It demonstrates that the absence of men from the home creates a multidimensional deficit – not only a loss of caring hands but also forcing non-migrant women to double-up on the responsibilities in the family. Factors connected to women’s suffering include overwhelming responsibility at home and emotional insecurity created by prolonged separation and the potential disintegration of familial bonds. The article also considers the implications of non-migrant women’s experiences for social work research.