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Journal articles on the topic 'Zimbabwean Art'
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1
Magosvongwe, Ruby. "MATHIAS MHERE’S FUNCTIONAL USES OF GOSPEL MUSIC IN THE ZIMBABWEAN POST-2000 MALADIES." Imbizo 6, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/2798.
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The article critiques Mathias Mhere’s gospel music from an Afrocentric perspective within the context of complexities and maladies that have impacted negatively on the majority’s livelihoods in Zimbabwe’s post-2000 period. The maladies have seen society marshalling different strategies and oral art forms to keep people’s spirits buoyant. Oral art forms have always been at the centre of African experience, constituting a repository of the philosophy of life as desired, imagined, and treasured among most indigenous families and communities. In the absence of the oral folklore and oral art forms of yesteryear that were used to inculcate communal values and skills to self-define and safeguard cultural spaces, gospel music has made inroads and carved an indelible niche that needs critical attention. This strategy is not novel to Zimbabwe. Music as an oral and performance art has always been deeply ingrained in most social activities to raise and censure conduct across all ages for society’s greater good, including cementing the social fabric, and fostering social cohesion and stability among most indigenous families and communities. In the recalcitrant environment, fraught with a myriad of maladies and many a family in dispersion, gospel music in the indigenous languages becomes critical in exhorting and censuring attitudes, conduct and desires in order to uphold treasured values. Family dispersions disrupted institutions and fractured relationships, further fanning insecurities and imbalances. It is from this angle that this article makes a critical analysis of Mathias Mhere’s gospel lyrics. Mhere is one of the most popular young gospel artists whose albums have been hits on the Zimbabwean music charts. The article therefore examines the forte behind Mhere’s gospel music in the Zimbabwean post-2000 maladies. It also interrogates Mhere’s artistic creativity, sensitivity and commitment to sustainable livelihoods and survival in post-2000 Zimbabwe’s fractious environment.
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Tendani, Edinah, Magdalena Petronella (Nellie) Swart, and Cine Van Zyl. "Come Dine with me! Exploring the Behavioural Involvement of Culinary Tourists in Zimbabwe." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10, no. 10(5) (December 15, 2021): 1655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.184.
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Restaurants in Zimbabwe have various gastronomic opportunities as Zimbabwean cuisine as it is represented by different ethnic groups, presenting an array of traditional cuisine. At the same time, gastronomic tourism needs to be innovative to survive the harsh travel restrictions and economic downturn caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. As Zimbabwe’s culinary tourism is still in its infancy it will require a post-pandemic recovery strategy. As aspect of this is the attitudes of diners. Thus, the purpose of this study is an examination of the relationship between the Culinary Tourist Value Scorecard (CTVSC) and the behavioural involvement of culinary tourists after visiting Zimbabwean ethnic restaurants. A cross-sectional survey, using a seven-point Likert scale, was employed to generate the data from 500 culinary tourists through convenience sampling. The scores between CTVSC and Culinary Tourist Behavioural Involvement (CTBI) were statistically significant (r = .80, n = 500, p<.001). Thus, hospitality managers must monitor and improve their culinary products while also meeting the needs of first-time and returning diners. It is recommended that state-of-the-art ethnic cuisine menus and refined the service offerings are adopted.
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Hava, Jarmila. "The Library at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe." Art Libraries Journal 11, no. 2 (1986): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200004636.
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The Library of the National Gallery of Zimbabwe dates from the 1950s. Its acquisition policies mirror those of the Gallery itself, which since Independence in 1980 have concentrated on traditional culture and contemporary art in Zimbabwe; the library also includes a collection of books on architecture. Due to insufficient funds and lack of foreign currency, Library acquisitions are heavily dependent on donations. A slide collection includes specially photographed slides of Zimbabwean art. The Library is open to the public and is well used by students but not by local artists who are often content to continue traditions without seeking to innovate or to respond to other works of art. Both Gallery and Library have accepted and are developing an active educational role.
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Dziwa, Dairai Darlington, Louise Postma, and Louisemarié Combrink. "Transcending gender dichotomy through art teacher education in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Education Through Art 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eta_00081_1.
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Zimbabwe is a patriarchal society characterized by gender dichotomy and male domination that permeates through social, educational and domestic spheres resulting in numerous challenges for art teacher education students. Expanding critical consciousness within art teacher education programmes is an imperative step towards developing art teachers who are self-aware and reflexive concerning the intersections of gender, art and education. This study investigated how engagement with visual art can provoke a heightened critical awareness about gender bias, stereotyping and equity among Zimbabwean art teacher education students. Sixteen selected art teacher education students (eight males and females) at the Great Zimbabwe University participated in the study. Participants were guided by researcher-constructed prompts for purposes of image making, interpretation and dialogue. Visual discourse analysis of the students’ visual narratives and discourse analysis of focus group transcriptions revealed several themes as well as evidence of critical reflection and expanded critical awareness related to gender issues. Visual and dialogic methods offer promise for critical engagement and reconciliation of tensions surrounding issues of gender amongst art teacher education candidates.
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Mugambi, Helen Nabasuta. "Zimbabwean Feminist Art and the Politics of Representation." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 33, no. 2 (January 2008): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/521060.
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Sibindi, Athenia Bongani. "A comparative study of the application of alternative risk transfer methods of insurance in South Africa and Zimbabwe." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 3 (2015): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i3_c2_p6.
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Alternative risk transfer techniques represent the crown jewels in the risk management arena. This non-traditional method of insurance has gained prominence over the last few decades. Against this backdrop, the present study seeks to unravel the development of the alternative risk financing insurance segment within a developing country setting. The study specifically sets out to compare and contrast the ART insurance market segments of South Africa and Zimbabwe. The study is documents that the Zimbabwean market is at a nascent stage of development, whilst the South African market is fully developed. Notwithstanding the prospects for the development of this sector looks bright.
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Nembaware, Shadreck. "NOVEL-FILM INTERFACE AND POSTCOLONIAL DYSTOPIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TSITSI DANGAREMBGA’S NOVEL AND FILM, NERVOUS CONDITIONS AND NERIA." Imbizo 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/2829.
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This paper comparatively and contrastively explores two art forms, the novel and film, by the same artist, Tsitsi Dangarembga, with a view to gauging their effectiveness in configuring Zimbabwe’s postcolonial dispensation. What is gained and what is lost when an artist shifts from one art form to another? Dangarembga belongs to the protest tradition of Zimbabwean postcolonial artists and the conceptual fibre of this tradition is notably the dystopian themes like disillusionment, cultural confusion, sex-role stereotyping, as well as social power relations. Dangarembga’s canonical novel, Nervous conditions (1988), and the highest grossing film in Zimbabwean history, Neria (1993), are both sterling attempts within the feminist tradition. The film and novel mirror a society in the throes of an epochal transition, the sense of impending change giving the works the commonality of an apocalyptic vision. Against a backdrop shaped by the interplay of historical, cultural and colonial forces, the works become perceptive anthropological windows into a society replete with multiple contradictions. In both her novel and her film, Dangarembga equips her protagonists, Tambudzai and Neria respectively, with a self-defining voice that questions and subverts the status quo. Salient manifestations of toxic masculinity in this patriarchal society account for the subtlety with which Dangarembga critiques gender relations within and without the boundaries of race and class. The protagonists in both works undergo rigorous struggles from which they ultimately emerge as different persons. This paper focuses on the nature of this struggle and its concomitant change.
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McCarthy, Tracey. "In Closing…American Friends Making Zimbabwean Sahwiras." Language Arts 85, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la20076167.
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Children and educators from two continents learn together through the sharing of art, poetry, music, native language, letters, e-mails, stories, literature, gifts, and resources. Through the celebration of sharing one another’s lives, the children have opened their eyes to awareness of culture first hand as they bond the global educational community through friendship and love.
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LEWIS-WILLIAMS, J. D. "ZIMBABWEAN ROCK ART The Hunter's Vision: The Prehistoric Art of Zimbabwe. By PETER GARLAKE. London: British Museum Press, 1995. Pp. 176. £16.99 (ISBN 0-7141-2518-0)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796256907.
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Peter Garlake's book is an admirable attempt to explicate the complexities and subtleties of Zimbabwean rock art. The development of his argument is well illustrated by 36 colour plates, some of startling clarity and beauty, and 185 black-and-white tracings that match well with the text, conveniently illustrating points as they are made. Although the book is a ‘digest’ (p. 9) of his Ph.D. thesis, the trajectory of his argument is well sustained.
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Hubbard, Paul. "Immortalizing the Past: Reproductions of Zimbabwean Rock Art by Lionel Cripps." Before Farming 2007, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2007.1.5.
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Magee-Curtis, Carol, and Olivier Sultan. "Life in Stone: Zimbabwean Sculpture Birth of a Contemporary Art Form." African Arts 27, no. 3 (July 1994): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337195.
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Bachisi, Ivan. "Becoming Mobile Readers-Narratives of Zimbabwean Teenagers’ Mobile Reading Experiences." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 11, no. 4 (October 16, 2023): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v11i4.6699.
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This article critically reviews the mobile reading experiences of a group of twenty-three Zimbabwean urban adolescent learners. This paper contends that while mobile reading is a growing mode of literacy development across the world, little is known about the different strategies Zimbabwean adolescent learners have had to employ as they reconfigure and rethink their literacy practices around new reading media like cell phones and tablets. This paper adopts a constructivist approach to trace, document, and analyse the personal narratives of the participants’ mobile reading experiences during their transformational journeys towards becoming active mobile readers. The participants’ voices were captured using task-based evaluative focus group interviews. Through this cooperative collaborative approach, the researcher managed to engage the participants on critical issues surrounding their digital literacy practices, their digital identities, their digital inclusion, and digital exclusion thereof. It was established that the adolescent participants were a digital generation living in a digital age and their reading needs and expectations were ever-growing and ever-changing. The adolescent participants expected their digital reading to be like the rest of their digital lives: quick, uninterrupted, personalised, and smart. Educational practitioners ought not to assume that adolescent learners as digital natives will automatically become successful mobile readers, but rather they should make accommodations for, and teach adolescents the art of digital learning and mobile reading. This paper recommends the scaling up of mobile reading initiatives and research in Zimbabwe so that the mobile reading phenomenon is further demystified.
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Makaudze, Godwin, and Jairos Kangira. "High literacy level, very low reading culture: an examination of the underlying causes of the Zimbabwean paradox." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 7, no. 2 (October 29, 2016): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v7i2.5155.
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Zimbabwe currently boasts of one of the highest literacy levels in Africa. Paradoxically, such an encouraging state of affairs is not paralleled with a high reading culture. Instead, the high levels of literacy are undone by a very low reading culture. This paper is an exploration of the possible underlying causes of such a state of affairs as well as the possible intervention strategies. It used the qualitative paradigm, with interviews and semistructured questionnaires being employed to extract information from selected teachers, learners, parents, readers, publishers and bookshop managers. For teachers, learners, readers and parents, random sampling was used whilst purposive sampling was used for publishers and bookshop managers. Data was discussed in accordance with the themes that emerged. The paper observed that the reasons of the paradox included: emphasis on passing the examination, high costs of living and of producing and accessing reading literature, paucity of serious works of art that illuminate life. Possible intervention strategies included: re-orienting the education system, partnerships meant to avail and subsidise accessibility of literature, re-orienting the Zimbabwean language policy and improving marketing strategies for literature.
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Gona, Clara M., Eileen McGee, and Rosanna DeMarco. "“What Will Become of Me if They Take This Away?” Zimbabwean Women's Perceptions of “Free” ART." Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 27, no. 5 (September 2016): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2016.05.001.
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Magocha, Blessing, Mokgadi Molope, Martin Palamuleni, and Munyaradzi Saruchera. "The Interface between the State and NGOs in Delivering Health Services in Zimbabwe—A Case of the MSF ART Programme." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 23 (December 3, 2023): 7137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20237137.
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An over-reliance on donor funding for HIV/AIDS healthcare services remains a concern in Africa. This study, therefore, explores the partnership between the Zimbabwean government and an international non-governmental organisation in delivering HIV/AIDS healthcare services. An interpretivist paradigm and descriptive phenomenological design were used to elicit the opinions, perceptions, and experiences of forty purposively sampled key informants. Thematic analysis was employed using ATLAS.ti version 7.1.4 to analyse the data. The differences in terms of policies, structures, and administrative issues between the partners identified challenges in the implementation of the programme. This was demonstrated through the reversal of the gains attained in prevention, care, and treatment. This raises concerns for increased risk of defaulters, drug resistance, and deaths. Therefore, the partners in this endeavour should negotiate an aligned approach for the efficient delivery of HIV/AIDS healthcare services.
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Mamvuto, Attwell. "Interfacing Artistic Freedom, Censorship, and Pedagogy: An Interview With Artist-Teacher Chikonzero Chazunguza." Visual Arts Research 47, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/visuartsrese.47.2.0089.
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Abstract Artistic freedom and censorship are correlated constructs that are overtly and covertly applied, arguably, for the proper functioning of society. This is reflected in the cliché “the more censorship there is, the less freedom is accorded to the artist.” While the artist demands their artistic freedom as espoused in democratic principles, the censor argues that it is their obligation to control the content of artistic expression for various reasons. The ensuing contention impacts on curricula content and teachers’ pedagogical initiatives. In this paper, I explore the views of a renowned Zimbabwean contemporary visual artist-teacher, Chikonzero Chazunguza, on the interconnectedness of the social pillars of artistic freedom, censorship, and pedagogy, and their benefit to art education. I attempt to decipher the nexus between censorship and artistic freedom.
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Vambe, Maurice Taonezvi. "Voting rights of Zimbabweans in the diaspora." Journal of African Elections 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2021/v20i1a7.
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The Constitution of Zimbabwe states that citizens who have reached the age of 18 years may vote in local and national elections. However, the Electoral Act states that only Zimbabwean citizens who are on diplomatic missions, civil servants and members of the armed forces on external missions may vote from abroad. This legal requirement effectively disenfranchises millions of Zimbabwean citizens who live and work in other countries. Why the current Zimbabwean authorities do not allow or enable their citizens to vote from abroad in Zimbabwe’s national elections is contentious, especially ahead of the 2023 general elections. This article uses the desktop approach to argue that the right to vote in one’s country of origin by citizens working and living abroad is a barometer of a nation’s deepening democratic practices, of which elections are a lynchpin. This study hopes to contribute to international human rights law. A study of voting from abroad contributes to discussions regarding the evolving and multifaceted relationship between sending states and their diaspora communities.
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Hungwe, Elda. "The importance of language and literary art in reading suppressed voices and voices in transition in selected Zimbabwean fiction." Journal of Language and Literature 4, no. 1 (May 18, 2013): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/jll.2013/4-1/6.
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Cristian, Réka M. "Transnational Encounters." Acta Hispanica, no. II (October 4, 2020): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2020.0.663-671.
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The text focuses on a series of transnational flows and polylocal agencies marking the art of the American folk musician and performer Sixto Rodriguez. After issuing two albums in the seventies, he was quickly forgotten in the USA but luckily not outside of it. His first album, Cold Fact (1970), became the unofficial anthem for the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa in the seventies and the performer was paradoxically ‘rediscovered’ due to a hoax with the help of enduring South-African, Botswanan, Zimbabwean, Australian and New Zealander fans and through the research of the Swedish-Algerian filmmaker Malik Bendjelloul, who made and directed Searching for Sugarman (2012), an Oscar-winning documentary film. The quest for Rodriguez’s global itineraries still goes on through his official webpage and the release of a book in 2015 with performer-activist Rodriguez becoming in the context of global discourses and Deep Maps strategy a transnational figure rather than just an American singer.
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Gonye, Jairos. "Interpreting Zimbabwe's Third Chimurenga Through Kongonya: Representations of Post-2000 Zimbabwean Dance in Buckle's Beyond Tears: Zimbabwe's Tragedy and Mtizira's Chimurenga Protocol." Dance Research Journal 52, no. 2 (August 2020): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767720000157.
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The Zimbabwean writers Catherine Buckle and Nyaradzo Mtizira reimagine kongonya dance in their works Beyond Tears: Zimbabwe's Tragedy (2002) and The Chimurenga Protocol (2008), respectively. Both the European-born Buckle and the black Zimbabwean Mtizira harness the dance to evoke the post-2000 jambanja experiences associated with Zimbabwe's controversial “Third Chimurenga,” or the fast-track land reform program, beginning in 2000. Their contrasting depictions of dance epitomize the differing views on Zimbabwe's land reform program. Largely, whereas Buckle's novel is a memoir which personalizes a farmer's encounters with dancing African/Zimbabwean “land invaders,” Mtizira's is a panegyric that collectively reimagines a nation's defiant revolution against purported forces of Western imperialism. Both writers’ representations of the post-2000 Zimbabwe's dance performances are therefore colored and compromised by racial subjectivity.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Elfas Torerai. "The Nexus between Mobile Money Regulation, Innovative Technology and the Promotion of Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (June 29, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10739.
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The advent of mobile money innovations has given people in rural areas, informal settlements and other poor communities an opportunity to participate in Zimbabwe's mainstream financial economy. However, the technology-driven money services have presented some challenges to the traditional banking sector in general and the regulation of financial services in particular. Firstly, most mobile money services are products of telecommunication corporations, which are not banks. Telecommunication companies use their network reach to provide mobile money services via mobile devices at a cheaper cost than banks across the country in Zimbabwe. As such, banks face unprecedented competition from telecommunications companies that are venturing into financial services. It also appears that prudential regulation of banks cannot keep up with the fast pace at which technological innovations are developing and this has created a disjuncture between the regulation and the use of technological innovations to promote financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The Banking Act [Chapter 24:20] 9 of 1999, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 22:15] 5 of 1999 and the National Payment Systems Act [Chapter 24:23] 21 of 2001 have a limited scope in terms of the regulation of mobile money services in Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development launched the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) 2016-2020 to provide impetus to the financial inclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. However, the NFIS appears to push more for bank-led financial inclusion than it does for innovation-driven initiatives such as mobile money services. This article highlights the positive influence of mobile money services in improving financial inclusion for the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The article also seeks to point out gaps and flaws in the financial services regulatory framework that may limit the potential of mobile money services to reach more people so that they actively participate in the Zimbabwean economy. It is submitted that the Zimbabwean mobile money services regulations and the financial regulatory framework should be carefully amended in line with the recent innovations in mobile money to adequately regulate the use of mobile money services and innovative technology to address the financial exclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe.
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Sibanda, Euphemia Lindelwe, Melissa Neuman, Mary Tumushime, Collin Mangenah, Karin Hatzold, Constancia Watadzaushe, Miriam N. Mutseta, et al. "Community-based HIV self-testing: a cluster-randomised trial of supply-side financial incentives and time-trend analysis of linkage to antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe." BMJ Global Health 6, Suppl 4 (July 2021): e003866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003866.
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BackgroundHIV self-testing (HIVST) requires linkage to post-test services to maximise its benefits. We evaluated effect of supply-side incentivisation on linkage following community-based HIVST and evaluated time-trends in facility-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiations.MethodsFrom August 2016 to August 2017 community-based distributors (CBDs) in 38 rural Zimbabwean communities distributed HIVST door-to-door in 19–25 day campaigns. Communities were allocated (1:1) using constrained randomisation to either one-off US$50 remuneration per CBD (non-incentive arm), or US$50 plus US$0.20 incentive per client visiting mobile-outreach services (conditional-incentive arm). The primary outcome, assessed by population survey 6 weeks later, was self-reported uptake of any clinic service, analysed with random-effects logistic regression. Separately, non-randomised difference-in-differences in monthly ART initiations were analysed for three time periods (6 months baseline; HIVST campaign; 3 months after) at public clinics with (40 clinics) and without (124 clinics) HIVST distribution in catchment area.FindingsA total of 445 conditional-incentive CBDs distributed 39 205 HIVST kits (mean/CBD: 88; 95% CI: 85 to 92) and 447 non-incentive CBDs distributed 41 173 kits (mean/CBD: 93; 95% CI: 89 to 96). Survey participation was 7146/8566 (83.4%), with 3593 (50.3%) reporting self-testing including 1305 (18.3%) previously untested individuals. Use of clinic services post-HIVST was similar in conditional-incentive (1062/3698, 28.7%) and non-incentive (1075/3448, 31.2%) arms (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03). Confirmatory testing by newly diagnosed/untreated HIVST+clients was, however, higher (conditional-incentive: 25/33, 75.8% vs non-incentive: 20/40, 50.0%: aRR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.39). In total, 12 808 ART initiations occurred, with no baseline or postcampaign differences between initiation rates in HIVST versus non-HIVST clinics, but initiation rates increased from 7.31 to 9.59 initiations per month in HIVST clinics during distribution, aRR: 1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.39.ConclusionsCommunity-based HIVST campaigns achieved high testing uptake, temporally associated with increased demand for ART. Small supply-side incentives did not affect general clinic usage but may have increased confirmatory testing for newly diagnosed HIVST positive participants.Trial registration numberPACTR201607001701788.
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Mlambo, Tommy, Mqondisi Tshabalala, Tsitsi Bandason, Kudakwashe Mhandire, Bonface Mudenge, and Lynn Sodai Zijenah. "Correlation of High Interleukin 17A and Interleukin 6 Levels with High Virus Load Among Subtype C HIV-infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Zimbabwean Patients: A Cross-sectional Study." Open AIDS Journal 13, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601913010059.
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Introduction: In response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, activated immune cells produce several cytokines that alter the immune response and HIV disease progression. We quantified Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in an antiretroviral therapy naïve (ART) cohort to investigate their correlation with traditional markers of HIV disease progression; CD4+ T-lymphocytes and virus load (VL). Methods: We enrolled 247 HIV-infected ART-naïve participants into the study. CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were enumerated using flow cytometry. VL was quantified using the Cavidi ExaVirTM Load assay. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were quantified using the BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine assay. The Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between log10 transformed data for cytokine levels and CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, and VL. Results: The median CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were 458 cells/µL (IQR:405-556) and 776 cells/µL (IQR:581-1064), respectively. The median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.6 (IQR: 0.45-0.86). The median VL was log103.3.copies/mL (IQR:2.74-3.93). Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (p=0.010) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.044) were significantly correlated with high VL. There was no significant correlation of cytokine levels with CD4+ T-, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratio. However, high levels of IL-17A (p=0.012) and IL-6 (p=0.034) were significantly correlated with high VL. Conclusion: Our study contributes to the little knowledge available on the role of cytokine profiles in the immune response to subtype C HIV infection.
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C., Tadios, Tafadzwa M., Wayne M.M., Anesu A.M., and Latih L. "Psycho-Social Problems Experienced by Children Living Within an Orphanage in Harare and the Forms of Psycho-Social Support Available." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 6, no. 6 (October 30, 2023): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-fb9ohltg.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate psycho-social problems faced by children living at an orphanage in Harare and the forms of psycho-social support given to them. The researcher used a mixed research methodology as her research instruments contained both questionnaires and interviews. A qualitative research methodology was used in carrying out the study as this enabled the researchers to explore on the topic hence giving vivid information as well as an in-depth understanding of the issues at hand. The researcher used a phenomenological research design. The target population comprised twenty-seven people, who included twenty-two children and five caregivers. Systematic sampling was the sampling technique used. Ethics in research were also considered, which included confidentiality, privacy, anonymity and informed consent. Data was presented using tables, smart art and also descriptions. Major findings were that all the children at the orphanage faced psychosocial problems and they used a variety of ways to cope with the situation. The orphanage however tries to offer psycho-social support (PSS) though they pleaded for the government to help them implement and improve their PSS services. The overall recommendation was that the Zimbabwean government should ensure that children living in orphanages’ psycho-social problems must be addressed and dealt with.
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Kilimvi, Aitaa Sam, and Richard Mawarire. "Economic liberation or economic distress: Evaluation of Zimbabwe’s foreign exchange circus and its impact on the financial system." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 4, no. 6 (2023): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.6.397-407.
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Zimbabwe's economy generates a large amount of foreign currency from a number of sources but the country is nevertheless experiencing a serious foreign exchange crisis. In spite of substantial forex revenues, the country is plagued by excessive inflation and currency instability. The study looks into how Zimbabwe's currency crisis has affected the financial systems. The interplay between the supply of money, the rate of inflation, the movement in the exchange rate, and spending by government have been examined to understand reasons of the currency crisis in Zimbabwe. The research was hinged on the interpretivist paradigm and a quantitative approach used for data analysis as predestined by the purpose of this research. Secondary data were reviewed for the analysis. Descriptive statistics was employed for the data analysis, correlation coefficient was employed to evaluate the level of interaction between the variables. The findings showed that the exchange rate between the local currency and US dollar declined from ZWL 24.60 to ZWL 810 between January 2020 and November 2022 antagonizing the money supply growth at the same period, from ZWL 36.27bn to ZWL 2.07tn respectively. The foreign currency premium significantly fell to 32% as of August 2022. It was therefore recommended that since the excessive expansion of the money supply through borrowing appears to be the main issue causing the foreign exchange crisis, the Zimbabwean government must reduce its borrowing to prevent fiscal deficits. Secondly, the government should intervene in the pricing distortions caused by numerous players as a result of the absence of a market-wide consensus exchange rate. Thirdly, there should be implementation of fiscal rationalization policies and adherence to the requirements of the Zimbabwe Debt Management Act. Further studies could concentrate on examining the macro factors that lead to this economic distress.
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Piotrowska, Agnieszka. "Who is the author of Neria (1992) – and is it a Zimbabwean masterpiece or a neo-colonial enterprise?" Journal of Screenwriting 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/josc_00034_1.
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This article focuses on the Zimbabwean film Neria (1992), arguably one of the most important films in the history of sub-Saharan Africa. Directed by the Black Zimbabwean Godwin Mawuru, it was the first feminist film in Zimbabwe and in the region, highlighting the plight of women who become the property of their brothers-in-law after their husbands die. The article addresses the issues of the origins of the story and the authorship of the screenplay. On the final reel of the film, the story credit names the accomplished Zimbabwean female novelist, Tsitsi Dangarembga; while the screenplay credit names Louise Riber. Riber served as the film’s White American editor and co-producer who, with her husband John Riber, managed the Media for Development Fund in Zimbabwe. The key question of this article is simple: who wrote the screenplay for Neria? Through the physical and metaphorical journey of this research, we discover that the story is based on the personal experiences of Anna Mawuru, the director’s mother. This is the first time that this fact has surfaced. As such, this article also offers some reflections on issues of adaption/translation, particularly in the context of postcolonial collaborations.
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Rohmer, Martin. "Form as Weapon: the Political Function of Song in Urban Zimbabwean Theatre." New Theatre Quarterly 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0001366x.
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In Zimbabwean society, what may not be spoken sometimes becomes acceptable in song – whether to avoid social taboos and enable a wife to complain against her mother-in-law, or in broadening the boundaries of political protest. In this article, Martin Rohmer looks back to the ways in which song enabled forms of protest against forced labour and other aspects of colonial rule – in times of outward compliance as well as of direct struggle – and considers how urban theatre groups in independent Zimbabwe have adapted the tradition to their own, contemporary ends. Martin Rohmer spent almost two years studying Zimbabwean theatre when a research assistant at the University of Bayreuth, and completed his doctorate on Theatre and Performance in Zimbabwe at the Humboldt University, Berlin, in 1997. Since then he has been working in the field of cultural management for the Young Artists' Festival in Bayreuth. The present paper was first presented at the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association in San Francisco in November 1996.
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Nhamo, Mashavira, and Mahapa Mildred. "The Moderating Role of Decent Work on the Relationship Between Turnover Intention and Job Performance Among Commercial Banks in Zimbabwe." Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jieb.v3i2.31574.
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The challenges of staff retention and job performance persist as significant concerns for businesses, particularly in the context of Zimbabwe. While numerous studies have explored the impact of turnover intention on job performance, there is a gap in understanding the moderating variables influencing this relationship. This research aims to investigate the nuanced connection between decent work, intentions to leave, and job performance in the Zimbabwean banking sector, utilizing a quantitative approach with a causal design. The findings reveal a significant relationship between turnover intention and job performance. Moreover, it is deduced that all four pillars of decent work act as moderators in the association between turnover intention and job performance within the commercial banking sector in Zimbabwe.
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Chibuwe, Albert, and Allen Munoriyarwa. "Emerging Methods and Challenges Associated With Teaching and Learning Media Studies During the COVID-19 Pandemic Induced Lockdowns in Zimbabwe and South Africa." SAGE Open 13, no. 2 (April 2023): 215824402311671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440231167113.
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COVID-19’s arrival in Zimbabwe and South Africa in early 2020 caused disruptions to all facets of life including education. It disrupted traditional notions of media studies’ teaching and learning. In the contexts of these disruptions, the present study interrogates how selected universities in Zimbabwe and South Africa adjusted to the new normal in so far as teaching and learning of media studies is concerned. It is a comparative analysis of selected Zimbabwean and South African universities. In-depth interviews with students and lecturers and participant observations were used to gather data whilst thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data. The study found out South African universities adjusted far much better and easily than their Zimbabwean counterparts. This is because both lecturers and students were capacitated as opposed to the scenario in Zimbabwe where lecturers and students alike were not given gadgets to smoothen the transition to online learning. The data that was given to lecturers was too little whereas the data for e-learning was too exorbitant for the students. Furthermore, both lecturers and students noted that it is difficult to teach and learn practical modules online. However, universities in both countries utilized platforms such as Google classroom though students from rural areas in both countries were affected by the digital divide.
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Matiza, Vimbai. "African Traditional Art Forms, Democratic Governance and Economic Growth in Zimbabwe." Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies 27, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1016-8427/3184.
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The article seeks to explore the role of African oral traditional art forms and governance in Zimbabwe for economic development. African philosophies, embedded in oral literature were part and parcel of the people’s life. Everybody participated in the activities that affected them in society. Thus African peoples used oral literature, which is dependent on the performer who formulates it on a specific occasion—this forms part of issues of governance. Some problems, which people, and Zimbabweans in particular are facing, emanate from colonialism, and have led them to believe that they had no culture or anything to shape their way of thinking. These problems have always been there, and people had a way of circumventing them through the philosophies that were embedded in their oral art forms. It is against this backdrop that the researcher seeks to explore the place of oral art forms; which include proverbs, riddles, folktales among others; and governance as vehicles to drive economic growth in Zimbabwe. The article is based on a conceptual method of study, where examples of oral art forms used have been taken from various speech communities in Africa. The researcher’s arguments are guided by the Afrocentricapproach and the discussion establishes that issues of democracy and governance were part and parcel of indigenous people’s way of doing things, in a bid to achieve economic growth in their societies.
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Bvirindi, Tawanda Ray, and Nigel Mxolisi Landa. "Exploring Policy Issues on the Trafficking of Women in Southern Africa with Reference to Zimbabwe." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/2662.
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Following the socio-economic and political problems that ensued after the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe, instances of human trafficking previously unseen on a large scale have sparked a newfound interest among policy makers and researchers. This article examines the flawed system provided by the Zimbabwean Trafficking in Persons Act No. 4 of 2014 for the protection of victims of human trafficking. It argues that the “Palermo Protocol”—the international instrument against all trafficking in persons is well-equipped to assume greater responsibility in ensuring the protection of victims. Although the Palermo Protocol is a universal protocol; which should be contextualised to suit various scenarios in which trafficking occurs across the globe, it may still be reasonably interpreted as providing the core principles which are vital to the protection of vulnerable populations from trafficking. Over the long haul, a new Zimbabwean Act, re-aligned with the Palermo Protocol, yet flexible, anti-trafficking partnerships between the government, Non-governmental Organisations and Civil Society remain the most viable solutions to addressing this predicament.
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Munochiveyi, Munyaradzi B. "Becoming Zimbabwe From Below: Multiple Narratives of Zimbabwean Nationalism." Critical African Studies 4, no. 6 (December 2011): 84–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20407211.2011.10530767.
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SO, Nasare. "Procedures for Dossier Preparation and their Marketing Authorisation in Zimbabwe Country for Complementary Drug." Pharmaceutical Drug Regulatory Affairs Journal 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/pdraj-16000141.
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The Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) is the authority to regulate from the Ministry of Health. It is established through an Act of Parliament which gives these bodies the `power to regulate the quality and sale of Complementary medicines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the current regulatory review process of the Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), identify key milestones and target timelines, evaluate overall performance from 2017 to 2019, identify best practices in review, evaluate the quality of decision-making processes and identify challenges and opportunities for improvement. Complementary medicine has always been at the heart of most Zimbabweans. That most of the drug is located close to the African community makes it very attractive, user-friendly, cost-effective and flexible in adapting to the dynamics of modern societal trends. The aim is to understand the need for professionalization of complementary medicine. The guidelines were studied from the website. We studied the guidelines to prepare a checklist and dossier preparation to submit to the authority of Zimbabwe.
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Mutandwa, Hudson, and Tawanda Zinyama. "An Analysis of the Potential Use of Public-Private Partnerships in Water Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe: The Case of Harare City Council." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i1.7366.
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The study was carried out to analyse the potential use of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in water infrastructural development in Harare City Council, Zimbabwe. PPPs play a pivotal role in water infrastructural development if fully implemented. Zimbabwe’s rate of uptake is low. There are preconditions that are necessary for successful implementation of PPPs inter alia political will (commitment) legal, institutional and political frameworks. Key informant interviews and documentary search were employed to gather data. The study established that Zimbabwe does not have the preconditions necessary for successful implementation of PPPs and this confirms the thesis. The main challenges include lack of legal and institutional framework, lack of political will, unconducive socio-economic environment. Zimbabwe’s water infrastructure is ramshackle. This is compounded by lack of fiscal space on the part of government to rehabilitate the infrastructure. PPPs could be a viable alternative to infrastructural development with the right environmental conditions. The study recommends that the government should quickly enact a PPP legal framework that enables the establishment of a PPP unit within the Ministry of Finance and this should be followed by an Act of Parliament which should institutionalize PPPs. The Government should promote a conducive investment climate.
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Abraham, Rachel. "Art Education in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Art & Design Education 21, no. 2 (May 2002): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5949.00306.
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Mutekwe, Paddington, and Kudzaiishe Peter Vanyoro. "Politicising ‘Covid-19’: An analysis of selected ZANU-PF officials’ 2020-2021 media statements on the pandemic in Zimbabwe." Acta Academica 53, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/24150479/aa53i2/2.
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This paper examines the politicisation of Covid-19 in Zimbabwe through discourse analysis of selected media statements released by Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) officials on the Covid-19 pandemic between March 2020 and February 2021. Theoretically, the paper employs Foucault’s theory of biopower to interpret the state-citizen power relations that surfaced in the Zimbabwean government’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic. It argues that the ZANU-PF-led government used Covid-19 as an excuse to pursue its political interests. This is politics that protected ZANU-PF’s social, political and economic interests by using Covid-19 as an excuse to pulverise various forms of opposition. The argument advanced herein is that while the implementation of the lockdown in Zimbabwe was necessary to save lives, one of its consequences was the protection of self-interests through selective application of lockdown regulations and the passing of laws to silence critics. This resulted in the prohibition of political gatherings, arbitrary arrests, labelling and name-calling of the opposition and the West by ZANU-PF officials who were safeguarding their party’s waning support resulting from their mismanagement of the pandemic.
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Benade, Mariet, Brooke E. Nichols, Geoffrey Fatti, Salome Kuchukhidze, Kudakwashe Takarinda, Nicoletta Mabhena-Ngorima, Ashraf Grimwood, and Sydney Rosen. "Economic evaluation of a cluster randomized, non-inferiority trial of differentiated service delivery models of HIV treatment in Zimbabwe." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): e0000493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000493.
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About 85% of Zimbabwe’s >1.4 million people living with HIV are on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Further expansion of its treatment program will require more efficient use of existing resources. Two promising strategies for reducing resource utilization per patient are multi-month medication dispensing and community-based service delivery. We evaluated the costs to providers and patients of community-based, multi-month ART delivery models in Zimbabwe. We used resource and outcome data from a cluster-randomized non-inferiority trial of three differentiated service delivery (DSD) models targeted to patients stable on ART: 3-month facility-based care (3MF), community ART refill groups (CAGs) with 3-month dispensing (3MC), and CAGs with 6-month dispensing (6MC). Using local unit costs, we estimated the annual cost in 2020 USD of providing HIV treatment per patient from the provider and patient perspectives. In the trial, retention at 12 months was 93.0% in the 3MF, 94.8% in the 3MC, and 95.5% in the 6MC arms. The total average annual cost of HIV treatment per patient was $187 (standard deviation $39), $178 ($30), and $167 ($39) in each of the three arms, respectively. The annual cost/patient was dominated by ART medications (79% in 3MF, 87% in 3MC; 92% in 6MC), followed by facility visits (12%, 5%, 5%, respectively) and viral load (8%, 8%, 2%, respectively). When costs were stratified by district, DSD models cost slightly less, with 6MC the least expensive in all districts. Savings were driven by differences in the number of facility visits made/year, as expected, and low uptake of annual viral load tests in the 6-month arm. The total annual cost to patients to obtain HIV care was $10.03 ($2) in the 3MF arm, $5.12 ($0.41) in the 3MC arm, and $4.40 ($0.39) in the 6MF arm. For stable ART patients in Zimbabwe, 3- and 6-month community-based multi-month dispensing models cost less for both providers and patients than 3-month facility-based care and had non-inferior outcomes.
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Maxwell, David. "‘Catch the Cockerel Before Dawn’: Pentecostalism and Politics in Post-Colonial Zimbabwe." Africa 70, no. 2 (May 2000): 249–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.2.249.
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AbstractThe article examines relations between pentecostalism and politics in post-colonial Zimbabwe through a case study of one of Africa’s largest pentecostal movements, Zimbabwe Assemblies of God, Africa (ZAOGA). The Church’s relations with the state change considerably from the colonial to the post-colonial era. The movement began as a sectarian township-based organisation which eschewed politics but used white Rhodesian and American contacts to gain resources and modernise. In the first decade of independence the leadership embraced the dominant discourses of cultural nationalism and development but fell foul of the ruling party, ZANU/PF, because of its ‘seeming’ connections with the rebel politician Ndabiningi Sithole and the American religious right. By the 1990s ZAOGA and ZANU/PF had embraced, each drawing legitimacy from the other. However, this reciprocal assimilation of elites and the authoritarianism of ZAOGA’s leadership are in tension with the democratic egalitarian culture found in local assemblies, where the excesses of leaders are challenged. These alternative pentecostal practices are in symbiosis with radical township politics and progressive sources in civil society. Thus, while pentecostalism may renew the process of politics in Zimbabwe, it may itself be renewed by the outside forces of wider Zimbabwean society.
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Kasuso, Tapiwa Givemore. "Revisiting the Zimbabwean Unfair Labour Practice Concept." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (December 8, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a9016.
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The 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe entrenches the broad right to fair labour practices. The right is given effect to in Part III of the Labour Act (Chapter 28:01), which provides an exhaustive list of unfair labour practices which can be committed by employers, trade unions, workers' committees, and other persons. The Labour Act predates the 2013 Constitution. The constitutionalisation of the right to fair labour practices necessarily carries with it the attendant difficulties of reconciling the new rights and the pre-existing regulatory framework. This article seeks to contribute towards a practical understanding of the Zimbabwean unfair labour practice concept in the light of the constitutionalisation of the right to fair labour practices. It explores the nature and scope of the concept of unfair labour practice and examines its relationship with the constitutional right. Further, the contribution critiques the formalistic and conservative approach adopted by the Constitutional Court in explaining this relationship. The article commences with a brief discussion of the origins of the concept and its reception in Zimbabwean labour law. Following from this, the contribution critically analyses the unfair labour practice concept from statutory and constitutional perspectives. It argues for an expanded paradigm of the concept. This can be achieved if the judiciary moves away from pedantic approaches to the interpretation of labour rights. Therefore, the clarion call is for a purposive and expansive interpretation of the right to fair labour practices, which promotes constitutionalism. In addition, the contribution calls upon the legislature to reconsider the viability of the exhaustive list of unfair labour practices in Part III of the Labour Act, given the constitutionalisation of the broad right to fair labour practices.
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Rubin, Joshua D. "Assembling emergence: making art and selling gas in Bulawayo." Africa 89, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000482.
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AbstractThis article is an ethnographic investigation of the labours of making art and selling liquid petroleum gas (LPG) in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It locates these activities within a shared social world, centred on one of Bulawayo's major art galleries, and it demonstrates that artists and LPG dealers use similar strategies to respond to the political conditions of life in the city. This article frames these conditions as unpredictable, insofar as they change frequently and crystallize in unexpected forms, and it argues that both groups are attempting to act within these conditions and shape them into emergent assemblages. In adopting this term ‘assemblage’, which has been elaborated theoretically by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and their many interlocutors, this article emphasizes both the mutability and the unpredictability of these formations. The artists who work in the gallery, for their part, make their art by assembling their chosen media. The processes by which they choose their media constitute assemblages as well, in that artists have to adapt their artistic visions to the materials that Zimbabwe's market can provide. Street dealers in gas also produce emergent assemblages against the backdrop of unpredictability. If they want to make natural gas available to consumers, dealers must shepherd their medium through an always emergent process of distribution. They participate in transnational networks of trade, but they also theorize innovative strategies of procurement, develop circuits of trust and loyalty, and conjure up visions of a predatory state. Like artists, they use their work to construct dynamic representations of the world around them. Artists may produce images, and dealers circulate gas, but this article shows that conceptualizing these practices in terms of ‘assemblages’ calls their commonalities into view. In doing so, it also demonstrates that these practices complicate easy distinctions between aesthetics, economics and politics.
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Chivasa, Norman. "Reflections on Peacebuilding Constructs in Seke District, Zimbabwe." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402210772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221077246.
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Since 2004, the formation of informal peace committees in Zimbabwe has signaled a change in the dynamics of local peace initiatives away from external elite top-down donor-driven interventions and toward a greater understanding of the potential of localized indigenous village and community informed solution-focused perspectives and initiatives. Despite the fact that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) aided in the facilitation, promotion, and enhancement of what was already in place, local peacebuilding efforts in Zimbabwe are not new, nor did they begin in 2004. Many Zimbabwean villages have had local peacebuilding initiatives such as customary courts for several decades prior to colonialism, but their notion of peacebuilding remain overlooked and under-appreciated. This study focuses on the peacebuilding constructs that have prompted ordinary people in the Seke district of Mashonaland East province, Zimbabwe, to create ward-level and village peace committees. The results of an action research method involving a 15-member ward peace committee (WPC) and 27 male and female respondents are discussed in this study. One of the main constructs was that peacebuilding is a collaborative mechanism (with no end-point) with the primary goal of preventing violence through conflict transformation rather than eradicating conflict. Peacebuilding was further interpreted as everyone’s occupation, regardless of social or political standing, since conflict knows no bounds. This study contends that elites can collaborate through a hybridized mechanism with local actors and informal institutions to promote community empowerment capacity for local peace and development initiatives in Zimbabwe.
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Sibanda, Nkululeko, and Cletus Moyo. "Theatricality in the midst of a pandemic: An assessment of artistic responses to COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Media Studies 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00079_1.
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This article examines theatre as a creative journalistic media deployed by theatre practitioners to map experiences of Zimbabweans during the COVID-19-induced lockdown. When the first positive case of COVID-19 was reported in March 2020, the Zimbabwe government, like many other countries, responded by introducing restrictions for public gatherings and ultimately a lockdown including arts events. Yet, theatricality has refused to capitulate. Artists re-invented their theatre productions into theatrical comic and satirical works posted on various social media platforms, in an effort to make sense of the pandemic, bring laughter and address a serious complex situation. We examine how artists deployed theatre to journal, capture and document the citizen’s collective experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, for both the present and posterity. We are specifically interested in analysing the different ways art is deployed to provide entertainment, a broader understanding and awareness of the social, psychological and economic impact of COVID-19 for the present and future generations.
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Mararike, Munoda. "Zimbabwe Economic Sanctions and Post-Colonial Hangover: A Critique of Zimbabwe Democracy Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) – 2001 a2018." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i1.3895.
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Scholarship on imperialism in Zimbabwe has not been documented in terms of establishing its roots. What has evaded contemporary researchers and academics on post-land reform programme economic sanctions of 2001 is that their roots lie in colonial domination and imperialism. The Scramble for Africa of 1884 is an adjunct of the Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884-1885 which marked long dark days of imperialism in Africa. It was about colonial domination, exploitation of mineral and extraction of natural resources. Western Europe became principal beneficiaries of newly ‘discovered’ wealth – pillaging and looting to their countries through exploitation, false pretenses, deception and outright theft. The insidious process was complemented by subjective constructs of political, social, religious and cultural domination of indigenous populations or ‘natives’ as imperialism defined unbalanced framework of economic relationships. Pronunciations like subjugation, suppression, cultural genocide, expropriation and repression have been touted by historians to highlight the depth and intensity of coloniality. The economic sanctions are part of a strategic neo-colonial era in which former colonial powers continue clutching to vein glories of the past. Yet that past is the present. Zimbabwe is being punished for reclaiming land through land reform programmes of 2001 which helped to empower Zimbabweans. In this research we look at the Janus face of Western decoloniality efforts- with specific reference to how Zimbabwe has fought ferocious battles for reclamation and restitution of its land. We also examine instruments of repression including statutes like the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) and the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 as amended in 2018 (ZDERA). In our analytical narratives, we illustrate how the such instruments are designed to maintain imperialist status quo through specified punitive measures under ZDERA.
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Mupambireyi, Zivai, Frances M. Cowan, Elizabeth Chappell, Anesu Chimwaza, Ngoni Manika, Catherine J. Wedderburn, Hannah Gannon, et al. "“Getting pregnant during COVID-19 was a big risk because getting help from the clinic was not easy”: COVID-19 experiences of women and healthcare providers in Harare, Zimbabwe." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): e0002317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002317.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures may have disrupted delivery of maternal and neonatal health services and reversed the progress made towards dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Zimbabwe. This qualitative study explores the impact of the pandemic on the provision and uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services from the perspectives of women and maternal healthcare providers. Longitudinal in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 pregnant and breastfeeding women aged 20–39 years living with HIV and 20 healthcare workers in two maternity polyclinics in low-income suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe. Semi-structured interviews were held after the second and third waves of COVID-19 in March and November 2021, respectively. Data were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach. While eight antenatal care contacts are recommended by Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Health and Child Care, women reported only being able to access two contacts. Although HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) refills and syphilis screening services were accessible at first contact, other services such as HIV-viral load monitoring and enhanced adherence counselling were not available for those on ART. Closure of clinics and shortened operating hours during the second COVID-19 wave resulted in more antenatal bookings occurring later during pregnancy and more home deliveries. Six of the 20 (33%) interviewed women reported giving birth at home, assisted by untrained traditional midwives as clinics were closed. Babies delivered at home missed ART prophylaxis and HIV testing at birth despite being HIV-exposed. Although women faced multiple challenges, they continued to attempt to access services after delivery. These findings underline the importance of investing in robust health systems that can respond to emergency situations to ensure continuity of essential HIV prevention, treatment, and care services.
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Kunicki, Jan. "LEGACY OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN EUROPEAN AND INDIGENOUS AFRICAN LEGAL CONSTRUCTS OF LAND TENURE IN CONTEMPORARY ZIMBABWE." Studia Iuridica, no. 96 (July 7, 2023): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2023-96.9.
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The study focuses on the undeniable significance of the European legal traditions, brought to former Southern Rhodesia/Rhodesia by European settlers, for the legal status of land tenure in the country, the legacy of which traditions still deeply impacts the situation in present-day Zimbabwe. There are two main aspects of this influence: the aftermath of imposed land division and the prevalence of Western legal traditions in contemporary law. Numerous laws enacted unilaterally by white Rhodesians, most notably the 1930 Land Apportionment Act and the 1951 Native Land Husbandry Act, impacted the land tenure in the region. The indigenous African population was undoubtedly discriminated against by these legal actions: numerous acres of the land were taken by European conquerors and those left were of much lesser value in terms of farming and pasture. After the end of minority rule in Rhodesia in 1980, when Robert Mugabe rose to power, new land policies were imposed and numerous land allocations were awarded to the supporters of his regime in the name of removing racial injustices. The consequence was disastrous: the policy led to the demise of once world-famous agriculture and Zimbabwe became ceaselessly endangered by famine. Furthermore, laws concerning the land tenure and husbandry were (and still are) based on European legal constructs, alien to the native population of Zimbabwe. Indigenous traditions were subsequently ousted by the European law and are significantly absent in Zimbabwe today. Nowadays, after the fall of Mugabe in 2017, the country finds itself in the defining point of its history. The question persists: Can Zimbabweans derive useful values from their past in order to shape a new land policy in their homeland that would be just for all its citizenry?
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Jenfan Muswere and Zenzo Lusaba Dube. "The agent/stewardship corporate governance analysis of soes in zimbabwe's ict sector." Journal of Management and Science 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.12.14.
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The paper examined the agent and stewardship models in light of corporate governance breaches in Zimbabwe’s SOEs in the ICT sector. SOEs have been plagued with accusations of poor corporate governance practices. In the agent and steward theory,directors as dictated by Zimbabwe’s Companies And Other Business Entities Act [Chapter 24:31] (2020) and Zimbabwe’s Public Entities and Corporate Governance Act [Chapter 10.31] (2018) are deemed to be agents and stewards respectively, care takers, thus having the common law duties of care, trust and acting in outmost good faith on behalf of the company. Zimbabwe has seven SOEs in the ICT sector, this paper inductively assessed the four major ones namely, NetOne, TelOne, Powertel, and Telecel.The paper was guided by the two forenamed statutes which govern the four SOEs. It identified the key tenet duties of a director from the statutes, anchored by the agency theory and the stewardship theory perspectives in governance vis a vi the interviews executed on the four SOE boards and the State actors. The interviews identified the breaches in corporate governance in the boards. These were in turn examined in the eyes of the agent and stewardship models. The paper revealed that these two models, whilst ideal are susceptible to breaches, creating a hub for corporate malfeasances and defected agents. Good corporate governance equates good business. It sends a good signal to the outside world of prospective investors.
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Taderera, Hope. "Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Institutional and Regulatory Frameworks in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 4 (October 29, 2012): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i4.2149.
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The discussion focuses on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System which was initiated by the International Labour Organization to facilitate the formulation, implementation and evaluation of occupational health and safety interventions at a national policy, sector and organizational level in all countries. It also focuses on Zimbabwe’s occupational health and safety policy, regulatory and institutional framework. The ILO’s OSH-MS 2001 was developed to provide a unique international model, compatible with other management system standards and guides, towards promoting occupational health and safety in a systematic manner. In Zimbabwe, occupational health and safety laws that are applicable to all employers and employees across sectors are enshrined within the Labour Act, Chapter 28.01, and the National Social Security Authority’s Accident Prevention Workers Compensation Scheme Notice No. 68 of 1990. Occupational health and safety management in Zimbabwe is pursued through the International Labour Organization’s Zimbabwe Office, the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare, the National Social Security Authority, and the Zimbabwe Occupational Health and Safety Council, which comprises government, employers and labour unions. It was recommended that Zimbabwe fully adopts the OHS-MS in all sectors, industries and organizations in an adaptive manner. The study also recommended systematic capacity building at a national, sectoral, industrial and organizational level to enhance effective, efficient and adaptive implementation of this tool, and continuous interaction and engagement between the ILO, Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, EMCOZ, ZCTU and ZFTU for the realization of the highest standards of occupational health and safety in Zimbabwe.
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Mpofu, Shepherd. "Art as Journalism in Zimbabwe." Journalism Studies 20, no. 1 (August 11, 2017): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2017.1358652.
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Chiweshe, Malvern, Jabulile Mavuso, and Catriona Macleod. "Reproductive justice in context: South African and Zimbabwean women’s narratives of their abortion decision." Feminism & Psychology 27, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353517699234.
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The abortion decision-making process is embedded within overlapping power relations. Using a post-colonial feminist framework, we analyse South African and Zimbabwean women’s narratives regarding their abortion decision. As neighbouring countries, South Africa and Zimbabwe provide a useful counterpoint as they have common and differing social histories and very different abortion legislation. In our analysis, we unpick transversal commonalities and divergences in the discursive resources deployed by the women in their narratives in the two sites. Commonalities included the women feeling compelled to justify their abortion decision in the interactive interview space, an absence of a reproductive rights discourse, and the deployment of relationship embedded discourses in the justificatory work performed by the women. The “conjugalisation of reproduction”, “imperative of good mothering”, and “unstable partner relationships” discourses featured across both sites but the manner in which these were deployed differed. These discursive resources allowed the women to position themselves as making responsible decisions. The Zimbabwean women spoke of shame and hiding, a discursive resource that was explicitly absent in the South African women’s accounts. We conclude by arguing that our post-colonial feminist approach allows for a contextualised reproductive justice stance to abortion decision-making that identifies both transnational and context-specific power relations.
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Chimhowu, Admos, and Philip Woodhouse. "Forbidden But Not Suppressed: a ‘Vernacular’ Land Market in Svosve Communal Lands, Zimbabwe." Africa 80, no. 1 (February 2010): 14–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972009001247.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the status of land tenure in Zimbabwe following the ‘Fast Track’ land reforms of 2000–3. It finds that post-reform land tenure remains strongly dualist, with land sales and rental prohibited on the land (about two thirds of the total) classified as ‘A1’ resettlement or ‘communal areas’, while tradeable leases apply to much of the remainder, classified as ‘commercial land’. The article draws on fieldwork in Svosve Communal Area and on previous studies on land transactions in Zimbabwe to argue that land sales and rental transactions are an enduring feature of land use in Zimbabwe's ‘communal areas’. Moreover, the article argues that, despite government prohibition, there is evidence that such transactions are being fuelled by increasing demand for land arising from the collapse in the non-farm economy in Zimbabwe. The article argues that while the logic of informal (or ‘vernacular’) land sales and rental is widely recognized by land users in communal and resettlement areas, government prohibition, in favour of asserting land allocation rights of customary authorities, is driven by considerations of political control of the rural vote.