Academic literature on the topic 'Zimin words'

AbstractWe classify all 3 letter patterns that are avoidable in the abelian sense. A short list of four letter patterns for which abelian avoidance is undecided is given. Using a generalization of Zimin words we deduce some properties of ω-words avoiding these patterns.

The article provides an overview of the scientific-practical conference "Languages and Cultures", which took place on the 23rd to 24th of May, 2019, on the basis of Kostroma State University. The brief review introduces the papers which present the results of investigations performed on the material of literary texts relevant to the literary issues – genre typology of ancient and old Russian texts (El'vira Akimovа), conversational style in the legal thrillers of John Ray Grisham Jr, "talking name" in the short stories by Sherwood Anderson (Svetlana Kochenova), allusions as examples of intertextual relations in the works by Kurt Vonnegut (Anna Yakhontova), deployed or hidden meanings in vers libre by Ciaran Gerard Carson and Tymoteusz Karpowicz (Yevgeniya Zimina), etc. The authors of the article draw attention to works devoted to translated works (Yelena Zolinova and others). The article defines the directions of scientific research presented in the reports on the work of the playwright Alexander Ostrovsky.

В статье автор ставит целью проследить эволюцию репрезентации образа Ленинграда в фарфоре 1930-х – начала 1950-х годов на материале произведений мастеров Государственного фарфорового завода им. М.В. Ломоносова из собрания Государственного Эрмитажа (отдел «Музей Императорского фарфорового завода»). В 1930-х – начале 1950-х годов виды Ленинграда привлекают внимание таких художников, как В.П. Фрезе, Т.Н. Безпалова-Михалева, М.А. Брянцева, И.И. Ризнич, Л.И. Лебединская, Е.П. Кубарская, А.Ф. Большаков, Г.Д. Зимин, А.И. Быстров. В фарфоре 1930-х годов складывается советская «иконография» Ленинграда, подчеркивающая его значение как «колыбели революции» и города с богатым культурно-историческим наследием. В произведениях военного периода, посвященных блокадному Ленинграду, находят отражение трагические события в жизни города, переданные с особенным драматизмом и высокой степенью достоверности. В то же время художники стремятся подчеркнуть величие города и мужество его защитников. Во второй половине 1940-х – начале 1950-х годов образ города-героя Ленинграда приобретает особую величественность и монументальность, характерную для стиля «Победа» в советском декоративно-прикладном искусстве. In the article, the researcher investigated the evolution of the Leningrad image representation in the art porcelain of the 1930s – the early 1950s. The author considered the pieces of porcelain artists of the State Porcelain Factory named after M. V. Lomonosov from the collection of the Museum of the Imperial Porcelain Factory of the State Hermitage. In the 1930s – the early 1950s such porcelain artists as Varvara Freze, Tamara Bezpalova-Mikhaleva, Maria Briantseva, Ivan Riznich, Larisa Lebedinskaia, Elena Kubarskaia, Andrey Bol’shakov, Grigory Zimin, Aleksandr Bystrov interpreted the image of Leningrad in their works. The researcher underlined that in the 1930s the artists created the Soviet “iconography”, emphasizing its importance as the “cradle of the revolution” and a city with a rich cultural and historical heritage. In the works of the war period, dedicated to besieged Leningrad, the artists reflected the tragic events in the life of the city with a special drama and a high degree of reliability. At the same time, the artists aimed to emphasize the greatness of the city and the courage of its defenders. In the second half of the 1940s – the early 1950s the image of the Hero-City of Leningrad acquired a special grandeur and monumentality in the works of the porcelain artists. These tendencies were generally typical for the “Victory style” (“Pobeda style”) dominating in the Soviet decorative and applied art after the Second World War.

Представлена история создания и развития водоснабжения в г. Самаре. Современному жителю большого города сейчас трудно понять, но на протяжении нескольких столетий Самара испытывала серьезные проблемы из-за хронической нехватки воды. В город, стоящий между двумя реками, воду ежедневно доставляли многочисленные водовозы на конных повозках в бочках и прочих емкостях. Самара была беспомощна перед регулярно вспыхивавшими в ней пожарами, от которых периодически город выгорал почти целиком. Такая ситуация продолжалась почти до конца XIX века. Попытки построить водопровод в Самаре были, но оказались неудачными. В 1881 г. в журнале «Зодчий» был объявлен конкурс на составление технического проекта устройства водоснабжения г. Самары, в июне 1883 г. на конкурс было представлено 11 проектов. После их обсуждения первую премию в 3000 руб. получил проект заведующего московскими водопроводами инженера Николая Петровича Зимина. Строительство самарского водопровода началось сразу же после подписания договора с компанией «Торговый дом братьев Бромлей и К°» на выполнение работ. И уже 1 октября 1886 г. началась подача воды на главные улицы города. Благодаря уникальным инженерным решениям Н. П. Зимина в Самаре стал действовать оборудованный по последнему слову техники первый в России противопожарный водопровод. В то время только некоторые города Европы имели это чудо техники. Сейчас история самарского водопровода насчитывает 135 лет. Для сохранения истории создания системы водоснабжения города с 13 июля 2018 г. на площадке Городской водопроводной станции действует музей истории самарского водопровода «На Дне». Современная водопроводная система городского округа Самара снабжает питьевой водой более 1,2 млн жителей. Развитие продолжается. The history of the creation and development of the water supply in Samara is presented. It is difficult for a modern resident of a large city to understand now; however, for several centuries Samara has experienced serious problems due to a persistent deficit of water. Numerous water carriers on horse-drawn carriages in barrels and other containers delivered water to the city located between two rivers. Samara was helpless before the fires that regularly flared up in it that resulted in almost entire city burning out. This situation preserved almost until the end of the 19th century. There were attempts, however unsuccessful, to build a water supply system in Samara. In 1881, the Zodchii magazine announced a competition to draw up a technical project for a water supply system for the city of Samara; in June 1883, 11 projects were submitted for the competition. After appropriate reviewing, the first prize of 3000 rubles was awarded to the project by engineer Nikolai Petrovich Zimin, the head of the Moscow water supply system. The construction of the Samara water supply system started immediately after the signing of an agreement with the company «Trading House of Brothers Bromley and Co.» for the execution of works. And already on October 1, 1886, the water supply to the main streets of the city began. Owing to the unique engineering solutions of N. P. Zimin, the first fire-fighting water supply system in Russia, equipped with a state-of-the-art-infrastructure was commissioned in Samara. At that time, only a few cities in Europe had this marvel of engineering. Now the history of the Samara water supply system goes back 135 years. To preserve the history of the creation of the municipal water supply system, «Na Dne» («At the Bottom») museum of the history of the Samara water supply system has been operating since July 13, 2018 at the premises of the municipal water treatment plant. The modern water supply system of the Samara urban district supplies drinking water to more than 1.2 million residents. Development continues.

In the closing decades of the 11th/17th century, two Turkish translations of the Sharafnāma were produced in the Kurdish princely courts of Bidlīs and Pālū. The translators were Muḥammad Bēg b. Aḥmad Bēg, a great-great-grandson of Sharaf Khān II, the author of the work, and Sham‘ī, a secretary at the court of Amīr Yanṣūr Bēg, prince of Pālū. While their works differed in style and purpose, both men offered a reflection on the demise of Persian and increasing prestige of Turkish in Ottoman Kurdistan. In the case of Sham‘ī, this was supplemented by a more general observation on the various languages of the region. Evidence also suggests that while Persian was replaced by Turkish in the princely courts of Ottoman Kurdistan, some Kurdish literati and scholars instead chose to write part of their works in Kurdish. This article is a comparative study of Muḥammad Bēg and Sham‘ī’s translations, followed by a brief analysis of the associated sociolinguistic developments. ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIDîroknivîsî û ziman di Kurdistana Osmanî ya sedsala 17an de: Vekolînek li ser du wergerên tirkî yên ŞerefnameyêDi dehsalên dawî yên sedsala 11an/17an de, du wergerên tirkî yên Şerefnameyê li serayên mîrgehên Bidlîs û Palûyê hatin nivîsandin. Wergêrên van metnan Mihemed Beg kurê Ehmed Beg, kurê nevîçirkekî Şeref Xanê duyem ê nivîskarê berhemê yê eslî, û Şem’î, munşiyekî Emîr Yensûr Begê mîrê Palûyê bûn. Tevî ku armanc û şêweyê karên wan cuda bûn jî, herdu wergêran amaje bi lawazketina zimanê farsî û bilindbûna qîmeta zimanê tirkî li Kurdistana Osmanî kir. Li gel vê yekê, Şem’î herwiha nêrîneke giştî li ser zimanên cihê yên herêmê pêşkêş kir. Wekî din, tevî ku tirkî li serayên mîrên Kurdistana Osmanî dewsa farsî girt, hin zanyar û rewşenbîrên kurd tercîh kir ku beşek ji berhemên xwe bi kurdî binivîsînin. Ev gotar nirxandineke berhevdayî ya wergerên Şem’î û Mihemed Beg e, li gel pêdeçûneke kurt li ser pêşketinên civakî-zimanî yên pê ve girêdayî. ABSTRACT IN SORANIMêjûnûsî w ziman le Kurdistanî 'Usmanîy sedey 17hem da: twêjîneweyek bo dû wergêrranî turkîy ŞerefnameLe duwa deyekanî sedey 11hem/17hem da dû wergêrranî turkîy Şerefname le dîwanî mîrayetîy Bedlîs û Pallû berhem hatin. Wergêrrêkîyan Miḧemed begî kurrî Eḧmed beg bû, ke newey newey nûserî xudî berhemeke, wate Şerefxanî dûweme, wergêrrekey tirîş Şem'î, sikritêr le koşkî mîr Yensûr beg mîrî Pallû bû. Le katêk da karekanyan le rûy stayl û amancewe cuda bûn, herdû piyawekan amajey lawazbûnî zimanî farsî û hellkişanî payey zimanî turkî le kurdistanî 'Usmanî xiste rû. Le ḧalletî Şem'î da, eme be têrwanînêkî giştî ziyatir le merr zimanekanî herêmeke tewaw kira. Bellgekan ewe pêşniyar deken ke le katêk da le dîwanî mîrayetîy Kurdistanî 'Usmanî da zimanî farsî be zimanî turkî cêgay degorêtewe, hendêk le roşinbîr û zana kurdekan eweyan hellbijard ke beşêk le karekanyan be kurdî binûsinewe. Em babete twêjîneweyekî berawirdkarîye bo herdû wergêrranekeyi Miḧemed beg û Şem'î, we kurte hellsengandinêkî peywest bew geşesendine komellayetî-zimanewaniyey be duwa da dêt.

On the base of the different historical sources (chronicles, acts and household books of the Russian monasteries) the author examines the biography of the confessor of Ivan IV Theodosius of Vyatka. In the works of predecessors (A.A. Zimin, R.G. Skrynnikov, B.N. Florya) only some facts of his biography were mentioned. The study shows that Theodosius had no connections with influential groups in the Russian Church of the period. The historical sources have nothing to say on his close contacts with the Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery, the Kirillo-Belozerskii Monastery, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (until he became the abbot of the last one). Before his acquaintance with the tsar, Theodosius worked his way from monk to elder monk to abbot. In the second half of 1566 – first half of 1567 he became the head of a significant Moscow monastery — the Andronikov Monastery of the Saviour. No later than in autumn 1567, Theodosius became acquainted with the tsar. During the tsar’s conflict with metropolitan Phillip (Kolychev), Theodosius was included in the commission that investigated Phillip’s activities at the Solovetsky Monastery (along with prince V.I. Temkin-Rostovsky and bishop of Suzdal Paphnutius). The materials gathered by the commission were used at the Church Council in the autumn of 1568. As a result, Phillip was condemned and displaced. Soon afterwards, Theodosius became archimandrite of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (about 1569/70-1572). Quite close relationship was established between him and the tsar. Because of that Theodosius – a representative of the black clergy – became the confessor of Ivan IV in about 1572. (At the time it was the lot of the white clergy representatives, usually protopopes of the Kremlin Annunciation Cathedral.) Wishing to see Theodosius as his confessor, the tsar had broken from this tradition and reestablished the practice of an earlier time (the confessors of Vasily II and Ivan III were the abbots of the monasteries of Moscow and the Moscow region). Being the closest person to the tsar, Theodosius knew the desires of his penitent and followed the eye of the tsar. When at the turn of the 1570s the tsar showed an interest in Vologda, fitting out a reserve residence there, Theodosius made donations for requiems for the soul of Josef, the bishop of Vologda, and to the Spaso-Kamenny and the Spaso-Prilutsky Monasteries. Till tsar’s death, Theodosius remained very close to Ivan IV. The tsar didn’t want to be parted from him. Thereby Theodosius headed no diocese in that period, as it meant leaving the capital. After the death of Ivan IV, he was consecrated as bishop of Ryazan, probably, in October of 1585.

Word $W$ is an instance of word $V$ provided there is a homomorphism $\phi$ mapping letters to nonempty words so that $\phi(V) = W$. For example, taking $\phi$ such that $\phi(c)=fr$, $\phi(o)=e$ and $\phi(l)=zer$, we see that "freezer" is an instance of "cool". Let $\mathbb{I}_n(V,[q])$ be the probability that a random length $n$ word on the alphabet $[q] = \{1,2,\cdots q\}$ is an instance of $V$. Having previously shown that $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \mathbb{I}_n(V,[q])$ exists, we now calculate this limit for two Zimin words, $Z_2 = aba$ and $Z_3 = abacaba$. Comment: 25 pages

Professor John Ziman spent time considering science and its relationship with society, in terms of what it is, how it works, what it means, how reliable it might be, what should be taught, who should teach it and to whom (Ziman, 1968, 1991, 2002, 2008). I do not intend to further such an esteemed body of work, because, if I can paraphrase one of Ziman’s statements (Ziman, 1991), science is such a complex activity, so much part of our civilization, so rapidly changing in form and content that it cannot be presented in a few simple sentences. I want to take just one material and technological mode of science (another descriptive phrase of Ziman’s, see later) and discuss how important one tool is within this mode, as a foundation to high quality manufacturing in the global and highly competitive world of the pharmaceutical industry. The tool I wish to introduce and then elaborate on is the laboratory hard-backed, notebook and later, in its more modern form, the electronic laboratory notebook or ELNB.

Bibliography: pages 192-195
The avoidability, or unavoidability of patterns in words over finite alphabets has been studied extensively. The word α over a finite set A is said to be unavoidable for an infinite set B+ of nonempty words over a finite set B if, for all but finitely many elements w of B+, there exists a semigroup morphism φ ∶ A+ → B+ such that φ(α) is a factor of w. In this treatise, we start by presenting a historical background of results that are related to unavoidability. We present and discuss the most important theorems surrounding unavoidability in detail. We present various complexity-related properties of unavoidable words. For words that are unavoidable, we provide a constructive upper bound to the lengths of words that avoid them. In particular, for a pattern α of length n over an alphabet of size r, we give a concrete function N(n, r) such that no word of length N(n, r) over the alphabet of size r avoids α. A natural subsequent question is how many unavoidable words there are. We show that the fraction of words that are unavoidable drops exponentially fast in the length of the word. This allows us to calculate an upper bound on the number of unavoidable patterns for any given finite alphabet. Subsequently, we investigate computational aspects of unavoidable words. In particular, we exhibit concrete algorithms for determining whether a word is unavoidable. We also prove results on the computational complexity of the problem of determining whether a given word is unavoidable. Specifically, the NP-completeness of the aforementioned problem is established.
Decision Sciences
D. Phil. (Operations Research)

How do we read after the so-called death of literature? If we are to attend to the proclamations that the representational apparatuses of literature and politics are dead, what aesthetic, ethical, and political possibilities remain for us today? This book brings together works of continental philosophy and critical theory (Emmanuel Levinas, Paul de Man, Jacques Derrida, Jacques Rancière) and works of art from Argentina (J. L. Borges, Juán José Saer, Ricardo Piglia, César Aira, Albertina Carri, the Internacional Errorista) in order to practice what Graff Zivin calls anarchaeological reading: reading for the blind spots, errors, points of opacity or untranslatability in works of philosophy and art. Rather than “applying” concepts from the former in order to understand or elucidate the latter, the book aim to expose works of philosophy, literary theory, narrative, poetry, film, and performance art/activism to one another. The work of aesthetic or political expression, then, does not appear as an object of study in the conventional sense, but rather as a possible source of philosophical and political thought itself. Ethical and political concepts such as identification and recognition, decision and event, sovereignty and will, are read as constitutively impossible, erroneous, through these acts of interdisciplinary and interdiscursive exposure.