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Journal articles on the topic 'Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate additive'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

BORISOV, B. S., A. A. LAUSHKIN, and A. A. KHAZIEV. "EVALUATION OF THE ADDITIVE CONTENT IN MOTOR OILS BY THE IR-FOURIER METHOD." World of transport and technological machines 78, no. 3-2 (2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-2(78)-3-19-25.

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Described principle of motor oils analysis by IR-spectroscopy for determination of its chemical changes at exploitation process. Fresh and used engine oils are evaluated. The changes in the basic physicochemical properties are studied in addition to the study of the IR spectrum. To study the IR spectra, typical additives used in motor oils, their structural formulas were analyzed and the typical wave numbers at which the compounds of the additives considered are absorbed were determined. Differences in the wavelengths characteristic of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate were recorded and a conclusion

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2

Taylor, L., A. Dratva, and H. A. Spikes. "Friction and Wear Behavior of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additive." Tribology Transactions 43, no. 3 (2000): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402000008982366.

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3

Oumahi, Camella, Thierry Le Mogne, Antonio Aguilar-Tapia, et al. "Impact of Fatty Triamine on Friction Reduction Performance of MoDTC Lubrication Additive." Lubricants 10, no. 12 (2022): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10120365.

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The impact of a fatty triamine (Triameen YT) additive was investigated on the friction performance and stability of molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) in the formulations containing polyalphaolefin synthetic base oil (PAO) and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). Triamine has no significant effect when mixed with MoDTC and ZDDP, but it improves the performance of MoDTC alone. However, in the MoDTC—Triamine—PAO solutions, a chemical reaction easily occurred and a reddish precipitate was formed upon storage. According to IR, XPS, TEM, and XAS characterizations, this precipitate is poorly crystall

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4

MOLENDA, Jarosław. "THE INFLUENCE OF ZINC DIALKYLDITHIOPHOSPHATE AND PHENOL ANTIOXIDANT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF UNSATURATED ANTIWEAR ADDITIVES." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5902.

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The aim of the work was to determine the influence of antioxidants, i.e. 2,6-ditertbuthylphenole (DBF) and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) on the antiwear (AW) activity of the model lubricant, containing 1% w/w 3-allyloxy-1,2 propandiol in n-hexadecane (C16). The results have shown no negative impact of phenol antioxidant on the overall antiwear efficiency of the unsaturated additive. The other type of antioxidant (ZDDP) not only maintained the initial AW properties of the additive but also enhanced its final efficiency by 80% in comparison to the n-hexadecane containing 1% AW additive. The

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Topolovec Miklozˇicˇ, K., and H. A. Spikes. "Application of Atomic Force Microscopy to the Study of Lubricant Additive Films." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 2 (2005): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1843159.

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Constant force mode atomic force microscopy is used to examine the films formed on steel surfaces by three different types of lubricant additive. Work on molybdenum dithiocarbamate friction modifier additive solutions shows that this additive forms tiny domains of low friction on the high spots of rubbed surfaces. Complementary Raman surface analysis suggests that these domains represent crystallites of MoS2. Study of the reaction films formed by zinc dialkyldithiophosphate additives confirms the formation of pad-like structures by these additives on rubbed surfaces. Primary and secondary form

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6

Zaarour, Moussa, Hussein El Siblani, Nicolas Arnault, Philippe Boullay, and Svetlana Mintova. "Zeolite Nanocrystals Protect the Performance of Organic Additives and Adsorb Acid Compounds during Lubricants Oxidation." Materials 12, no. 17 (2019): 2830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172830.

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Zeolite nanocrystals were used as proactive agents to extend the lifetime of commercial lubricants by protecting the performance additives from depletion and adsorbing the acid formed during oxidation. The nanosized zeolites were introduced into four lubricants and subjected to oxidation (90 °C and 150 °C). A strong affinity towards protection of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive was demonstrated by 31P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and FTIR (fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy even after heating at 150 °C for 24 h. FTIR profiles of lubricants aged in the presence of LTL (Lin

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7

Rhodes, Kent L., and Peter C. Stair. "The surface chemistry of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an antiwear additive, on oxidized iron and steel foils." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 6, no. 3 (1988): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.575042.

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8

Yue, Wen, Xiaocheng Gao, Chengbiao Wang, Xingliang Li, Song Wang, and Jiajun Liu. "Synergistic Effects between Plasma-Nitrided AISI 52100 Steel and Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additive under Boundary Lubrication." Tribology Transactions 55, no. 3 (2012): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2011.651771.

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9

Hu, X., G. Yuan, and Z. Zhou. "Synthesis and characterisation of an effective N-containing zinc diaryl-dialkyldithiophosphate additive by mannich reaction." Lubrication Science 11, no. 2 (1999): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.3010110204.

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10

IJRAME, Journal. "Research on tribological characteristics of a new grease produced by mixed vegetable oil for low-speed application." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 5 (2025): 09–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15360386.

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This study explores the potential of vegetable oils as a sustainable alternative to mineral oils in grease formulation. The research focuses on producing bio-based greases using non-edible vegetable oils, specifically a blend of castor and jatropha oils in different proportions. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) used as a thickener, while zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive was added to improve tribological properties of the bio- grease. According to factorial matrix, ten samples of bio-grease with different amount of base oil, thickener and additive were produced and tested for cone penetratio

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11

Özkan, Doğuş, M. Barış Yağci, Özgür Birer, and Hakan Kaleli. "Comparison of tribological performances of sulfur based and boron succuminide containing antiwear additive with ZDDP by engine bench tests." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 4 (2016): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2015-0173.

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Purpose This study aims to evaluate and compare by 100 hours engine bench tests the tribological performances of two types of lubrication oils, which were sulfur-based, boron succinimide-containing antiwear package (NP-3) oil and conventional zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)-containing (R-1) oil. Design/methodology/approach The tribological performances of the oils were evaluated in three main contexts, including engine tests, physical/chemical changes and surface analysis. Findings Results showed that NP-3 lubrication oil, which was environment- and catalyst-friendly, can be an alternative

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Wang, Jingsi, Dezhi Teng, Jiawei Fan, et al. "Investigation of 1,3-Diketone and Nano-Copper Additives for Enhancing Boundary Lubrication Performance." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 5 (2025): 912. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050912.

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In this work, 1,3-diketone synthesized via the Claisen condensation method and nano-copper particles modified by the Brust–Schiffrin method were added into a commercial marine medium-speed diesel engine cylinder piston oil to evaluate their effects on boundary lubrication performance. Friction and wear tests conducted on CKS-coated piston ring and cast-iron cylinder liner samples demonstrated significant reductions in both friction and wear with the addition of 1,3-diketone and nano-copper particles. Compared to the original oil without additives, the friction force was reduced by up to 16.7%,

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13

Yui, Akinori, Hiroshi Matsuoka, Shigeki Okuyama, Takayuki Kitajima, and Go Okahata. "Effect of Lubricants on Precision Planing of Tungsten Carbide Using Mono-Crystalline Diamond Tool." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.159.

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Rubbing tests between a diamond stick and a tungsten carbide plate and planing experiments of cobalt-free tungsten carbide using a mono-crystalline diamond tool are conducted, and the effect of lubricants on tool wear is investigated. Five kinds of lubricants such as: sulfur-base extreme-pressure additive; dimethyl-silicone; oleic acid; zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDDP); and chemical solution type coolant (FGC950) are chosen for the lubricants. Through the rubbing experiments, diamond stick wear is the greatest when using dimethyl-silicone, followed by FGC950 and it is the least using ZnDDP.

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14

Zahid, Rehan, Riaz Ahmad Mufti, Mubashir Gulzar, et al. "Tribological compatibility analysis of conventional lubricant additives with palm trimethylolpropane ester (TMP) and tetrahedral amorphous diamond-like carbon coating (ta-C)." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 8 (2017): 999–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117746803.

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Modern industrial applications involve rigorous operating conditions due to which lubricant either slips out of the contact or its thin layer resides between the interacting surfaces. Deposition of diamond-like carbon coatings and using lubricants capable of physically adsorbing on the interacting surfaces can significantly improve tribological performance. In this study, tribological compatibility of glycerol mono-oleate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with palm trimethylolpropane ester and tetrahedral amorphous diamond-like carbon coating has been investigated usi

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15

Yüksek, Levent. "Optimization of the oil drain interval of non-phosphorus and non-ash engine oil." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 4 (2016): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2015-0182.

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Purpose Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) is the most common anti-wear and anti-oxidant additive. ZDDP is the primary origin of zinc, sulfur and phosphorus, which are well-known poisonous elements for commercial after-treatment systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum oil drain interval of non-phosphorus and non-ash (NPNA) engine oil that was developed as a prospective alternative to commercial phosphorus-containing (PC) engine lubricants. Design/methodology/approach The results of a fleet test wear debris analysis were used to optimize the oil drain intervals from the per

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16

Kowalczyk, Joanna, Monika Madej, Wojciech Dzięgielewski, Andrzej Kulczycki, Magdalena Żółty, and Dariusz Ozimina. "Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel." Materials 14, no. 13 (2021): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133529.

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If a lubricant contains structures capable of conducting energy, reactions involving zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) may take place both very close to and away from the solid surfaces, with this indicating that ZDDP can be a highly effective anti-wear (AW) additive. The central thesis of this article is that the tribocatalytic effect is observed only when the energy emitted by the solids is transmitted by ordered molecular structures present in the lubricant, e.g., graphene. The friction tests were carried out for 100Cr6 steel balls in a sliding contact with uncoated or W-DLC-coated HS6-5-2

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17

Yu, L. G., E. S. Yamaguchi, M. Kasrai, and G. M. Bancroft. "The chemical characterization of tribofilms using XANES — Interaction of nanosize calcium-containing detergents with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 10 (2007): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-045.

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A Plint friction and wear tester was used to investigate the effect of several calcium-containing detergents on the tribological and tribochemical performance of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) lubricating oil additive in a low-sulfur base stock, 100N. Thus, the friction and wear behavior of a steel-on-steel contact lubricated by 100N oil containing ZDDP alone and ZDDP–detergent mixtures at 100 °C was evaluated in a pin-on-disc configuration. The wear scar width of the upper steel pins was determined using an optical microscope, while the tribofilms formed on the lower steel discs were an

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18

Pape, Florian. "Nano- and Micro-Tribological Investigations of Boundary Layers on Axial Bearing Washers Tested under WEC Critical Conditions." Lubricants 10, no. 8 (2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10080198.

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The formation of boundary layers on bearing surfaces due to the operational conditions has a significant influence on bearing lifetimes and frictional properties. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is an anti-wear additive widely used in oil and grease formulations that forms beneficial surface boundary layers. Under certain circumstances, this additive can cause early bearing failure due to white etching cracks (WEC) formation. By influencing chemical reactions and diffusion processes, the boundary films are suspected to be a reason for the emergence of WECs. The properties of these layers under WEC

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19

Kim, Daekun, Todd J. Toops, Ke Nguyen, Michael J. Lance, and Jun Qu. "Impact of Primary and Secondary ZDDP and Ionic Liquid as Lubricant Oil Additives on the Performance and Physicochemical Properties of Pd-Based Three-Way Catalysts." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080878.

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In the present study, two industry primary and secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate standards, ZDDP1 and ZDDP2, respectively, are evaluated for their impact on the performance of Pd-based three-way catalyst and bench-marked against two mixed lubricant additives formed from either ZDDP1 or ZDDP2 with a second-generation oil-miscible phosphoric-containing ionic liquid (IL). The three-way catalysts (TWCs) are exposed to the lubricant additives in an engine bench under four different scenarios: a base case with no additive (NA), ZDDP1, IL+ZDDP1, ZDDP2, and IL+ZDDP2. The engine-aged TWC samples ar

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20

Zahid, Rehan, Masjuki Hj. Hassan, Abdullah Alabdulkarem, et al. "Tribological characteristics comparison of formulated palm trimethylolpropane ester and polyalphaolefin for cam/tappet interface of direct acting valve train system." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 5 (2018): 888–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2017-0156.

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Purpose There is a continuous drive in automotive sector to shift from conventional lubricants to environmental friendly ones without adversely affecting critical tribological performance parameters. Because of their favorable tribological properties, chemically modified vegetable oils such as palm trimethylolpropane ester (TMP) are one of the potential candidates for the said role. To prove the suitability of TMP for applications involving boundary-lubrication regime such as cam/tappet interface of direct acting valve train system, a logical step forward is to investigate their compatibility

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21

Ozimina, Dariusz, Andrzej Kulczycki, Dawid Janas, Tomasz Desaniuk, and Maciej Deliś. "Carbon-Based Functional Nanomaterials as Tools for Controlling the Kinetics of Tribochemical Reactions." Materials 17, no. 4 (2024): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17040785.

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The aim of this article is to experimentally determine the role of the environment, consisting of a base oil (PAO), carbon nanomaterials, and optional other additives, as well as the kind of metal in contact with the lubrication film, in the stimulation of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additives’ effectiveness during protective film formation. This paper focuses on the role of carbon nanostructures in energy transportation and conversion during tribological processes. An antistatic additive (ASA) (not used in lubricating oils) for jet fuels was added to disturb the process of energy condu

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22

Jensen, R. K., S. Korcek, and M. D. Johnson. "Friction-reducing and antioxidant capabilities of engine oil additive systems under oxidative conditions. II. Understanding ligand exchange in a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate/zinc dialkyldithiophosphate additive system in various base oils." Lubrication Science 14, no. 1 (2001): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.3010140103.

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23

BUYANOVSKIY, IL’YA, VLADIMIR SAMUSENKO, YURIY SHCHERBAKOV, SOF’YA STREL’NIKOVA, and VLADIMIR LEVCHENKO. "INFLUENCE OF TWO-LAYER COATINGS OF THE “DLC + TIN / ALTIN” ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OILS UNDER BOUNDARY LUBRICATION." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 4, no. 141 (2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-4-84-92.

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The application of monocrystalline carbon to steel surfaces of rubbing bodies significantly increases the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of lubricants. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in choosing the optimal intermediate layer material based on the evaluation and comparison of the physical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of two-layer coatings obtained using titanium nitride and titanium aluminitride, respectively, as a solid intermediate layer, and compare them with each other. (Materials and methods) The cylindrical surfaces of 100Cr6 steel rollers with a diame

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Синявский, Р. Я., and А. Г. Булычев. "Study of degradation of marine engine oils using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg> 1, no. 4(62) (2023): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2023.62.4.009.

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Целью работы явилось исследование процессов деградации углеводородов судовых моторных масел и истощения противоизносной присадки диалкилдитиофосфата цинка с помощью инфракрасной спектроскопии с преобразованием Фурье. Исследование является одним из предварительных анализов данным методом нескольких свежих и отработанных судовых моторных масел, которые ранее не исследовались на старение в процессе работы двигателя. Были проанализированы изменения состава отработанных масел по сравнению со свежими маслами. Измерены интенсивности поглощения примесей разных веществ в ИК-спектрах исследованных мотор

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25

Kowalczyk, Joanna, Monika Madej, and Marcin Kowalski. "INFLUENCE OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON TRIBOLOGICALPROPERTIES OF HS6-5-2C STEEL WITH AN AlTiN COATING." Tribologia 307, no. 1 (2024): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4656.

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This article defines the effect of surface roughness on a selection of tribological properties of systems withAlTiN coatings. Friction-wear tests were carried out on a tribological tester, which operates as a sphere anddisc assembly in a frictional, sliding motion. The tests were conducted under a load of 10 N over a frictiondistance of 1,000 m. Steel discs made of HS6-5-2C with an AlTiN coating and steel balls made of 100Cr6were used for the test Trials were carried out under lubrication conditions with polyalphaolefin oil PAO 8 andpolyalphaolefin oil containing 1.5% zinc dialkyldithiophospha

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26

Задорожная, Елена, Elena Zadorozhnaya, Игорь Мухортов, Igor Mukhortov, Ксения Почкайло, and Kseniya Pochkaylo. "Anti-wear additives influence upon hydrodynamic friction mode parameters in bearings of internal-combustion engines." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 3 (2016): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22007.

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An essential condition to ensure an engine life having 300,000 – 1 000,000 km according to race consists in assurance of a minimum wear rate of crankshaft bearings. For such units as connectingrod bearings a maximum allowable value of bearing brass wear makes 100 mkm which corresponds to an integral linear wear intensity of 10-14 …10-13 that is possible only at a hydrodynamic mode of friction actually at all modes of engines operations. Ensuring liquid friction in all range of contact pressures is achieved both through design methods, and technological ones. To the latter belongs first of all

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Nagy, András Lajos, Jan Rohde-Brandenburger, and Ibolya Zsoldos. "Artificial Aging Experiments of Neat and Contaminated Engine Oil Samples." Lubricants 9, no. 6 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9060063.

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This study highlights how the results from an artificial engine oil aging method compare to used engine oil samples collected from a vehicle fleet. Additionally, this paper presents the effect of contaminating the oil during aging with synthetic fuel alternatives on the physical and chemical properties of artificially aged engine oil samples. A laboratory-scale artificial thermo-oxidative aging experiment was conducted on multiple samples of commercially available formulated fully-synthetic SAE 0W-30 engine oil. The goal of the experiment was to establish the validity of the artificially aged

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Anand, M., M. Hadfield, B. Thomas, and R. Cantrill. "The depletion of ZDDP additives within marine lubricants and associated cylinder liner wear in RNLI lifeboat engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 231, no. 1-2 (2016): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716663235.

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Previous work of authors indicated the wear of cylinder liners in marine engines of RNLI lifeboats due to the intense lubricant degradation identified by inductively coupled plasma and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy techniques. In this paper, further analysis carried out to evaluate the effects of lubricant degradation on the actual cylinder liners installed in the Trent Class Lifeboat engines is presented. Surface characterisation of actual cylinder liner’s bore surface showed maximum wear near the top dead centre region compared to rest of the piston stroke. Wear in this region of t

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Sheasby, J. S., T. A. Caughlin, and J. J. Habeeb. "Observation of the antiwear activity of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate additives." Wear 150, no. 1-2 (1991): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(91)90320-t.

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30

Carbognani, Lante. "Preparative isolation and characterization of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates from commercial antiwear additives." Journal of Separation Science 26, no. 17 (2003): 1575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200301471.

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31

Ouyang, Chunfa, Shifeng Wang, Yong Zhang, and Yinxi Zhang. "Improving the aging resistance of asphalt by addition of Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate." Fuel 85, no. 7-8 (2006): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.023.

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32

Barcroft, F. T., and D. Park. "Interactions on heated metal surfaces between zinc dialkyldithiophosphates and other lubricating oil additives." Wear 108, no. 3 (1986): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(86)90002-5.

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33

Mosey, Nicholas J., and Tom K. Woo. "A Quantum Chemical Study of the Unimolecular Decomposition Mechanisms of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Antiwear Additives." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 108, no. 28 (2004): 6001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp049371i.

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34

Qu, Jun, William C. Barnhill, Huimin Luo, et al. "Synergistic Effects Between Phosphonium-Alkylphosphate Ionic Liquids and Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) as Lubricant Additives." Advanced Materials 27, no. 32 (2015): 4767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201502037.

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35

Olexandr, Pavliuk, Sukhoveev Volodymyr, Pyliavskyi Volodymyr, and Kashkovsky Volodymyr. "RESEARCH OF N,N-DIALLYL (3-ARYLISOXASOL-5-YL)-METHYLENESULFONYLAMIDES AS ADDITIVES FOR INCREASING THE LOAD CARRYNG CAPACITY OF SYNTETIC OIL BASED ON THE PENTAERYTHRITOL ESTHER AND BUTYRIC ACID." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 3 (48) (2019): 31–34. https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2019.180178.

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<em>The object of research is </em><em>N,N-diallyl (3-arylisoxasol-5-yl)-methylenesulfonylamides</em><em> (Ar</em><em>: </em><em>C</em><em><sub>6</sub></em><em>H</em><em><sub>5</sub></em><em> (1); </em><em>C</em><em><sub>6</sub></em><em>H</em><em><sub>4</sub></em><em>–4–</em><em>CH</em><em><sub>3</sub></em><em> (2); </em><em>C</em><em><sub>6</sub></em><em>H</em><em><sub>4</sub></em><em>–4–</em><em>OC</em><em><sub>2</sub></em><em>H</em><em><sub>5 </sub></em><em>(3)</em><em>) as antiwear additives to oils that are derived from the c

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36

Huynh, Khai K., Kiet A. Tieu, and Sang T. Pham. "Synergistic and Competitive Effects between Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates and Modern Generation of Additives in Engine Oil." Lubricants 9, no. 4 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9040035.

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The increasing demand for low-viscosity engine oil has underscored the role of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP) as a conventional anti-wear and antioxidant additive. It is essential to investigate the influence of modern additives such as cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CPCa) and Ni nanoparticles on the tribological performance of ZDDP for practical commercial oil application. According to the experimental results, Ni nanoparticles formed a protective film that exhibited a synergistic effect with ZDDP. A significantly higher concentration of sulphur in the tribofilm was detected compared to ZD

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Lambropoulos, N., T. J. Cardwell, D. Caridi, and P. J. Marriott. "Separation of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates in lubricating oil additives by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 749, no. 1-2 (1996): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(96)00416-5.

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Mallach, Dennis, Florian Pape, Dieter Lipinsky, and Heinrich F. Arlinghaus. "ToF-SIMS analysis of boundary layers formed under zinc-free antiwear." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 8 (2020): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2019-0436.

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Purpose The structure and chemical composition of boundary layers built under tribological stress affect the friction and wear of solid-state surfaces in a major way. Therefore, information about the chemical composition of the outermost surface and boundary layer are of great importance. Preliminary time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) investigations have shown that metal surfaces that have been immersed at high temperatures in phosphonium phosphate-containing oils contain at least some characteristic signals for phosphate containing anti-wear layers. The purpose of this

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Wu, H., J. Li, T. H. Ren, and Y. Xie. "Tribological behaviour of three S-containing triazine derivatives and their synergetic effect with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate as additives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 222, no. 7 (2008): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet443.

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Zhang, Ze-Fu, Wei-Min Liu, and Qun-Ji Xue. "The tribological behaviors of succinimide-modified lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles blended with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate as additives in liquid paraffin." Wear 248, no. 1-2 (2001): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(00)00541-x.

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Kumar, Gitesh, Hem Chander Garg, and Ajay Gijawara. "Experimental investigation of tribological effect on vegetable oil with CuO nanoparticles and ZDDP additives." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 3 (2019): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2018-0196.

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PurposeThis paper aims to report the friction and wear characteristics of refined soybean oil (RSBO) blended with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) as additives.Design/methodology/approachFour different concentrations 0.04, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 Wt.% of CuO nanoparticles were added with ZDDP in RSBO. The friction and wear characteristics of lubricants have been investigated on a pin-on-disc tribotester under loads of 120 and 180 N, with rotating speeds of 1,200 and 1,500 rpm in half hour of operating time. The dispersion stability of CuO nanoparticles has been

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Xia, X., A. Morina, A. Neville, et al. "Tribological performance of an Al—Si alloy lubricated in the boundary regime with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and molybdenum dithiocarbamate additives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 222, no. 3 (2008): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet377.

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Jayadas, N. H., and K. Prabhakaran Nair. "Elucidation of the Corrosion Mechanism of Vegetable-Oil-Based Lubricants." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 2 (2006): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2464133.

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In this paper, the corrosion properties of vegetable oils as base oil for industrial lubricants are evaluated by the copper strip corrosion test (ASTM D130) and rust prevention test (ASTM D665). An analysis of possible organic reaction mechanisms leading to corrosion of metals in the absence and presence of oxygen and moisture is presented, when vegetable oils are used as base oils. Corrosion properties of vegetable oil fatty acids, evolved as degradation products, are analyzed using quantum chemical calculations. The popular quantum chemical software SPARTAN 04 (Wavefunction Inc. USA) was use

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Wang, Yuechang, Abdel Dorgham, Ying Liu, et al. "Towards optimum additive performance: A numerical study to understand the influence of roughness parameters on the zinc dialkyldithiophosphates tribofilm growth." Lubrication Science 33, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.1522.

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Mosey, Nicholas J., and Tom K. Woo. "Insights into the chemical behavior of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate anti-wear additives in their isomeric and decomposed forms through molecular simulation." Tribology International 39, no. 9 (2006): 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.07.041.

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Gosvami, N. N., J. A. Bares, F. Mangolini, A. R. Konicek, D. G. Yablon, and R. W. Carpick. "Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts." Science 348, no. 6230 (2015): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1258788.

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Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) form antiwear tribofilms at sliding interfaces and are widely used as additives in automotive lubricants. The mechanisms governing the tribofilm growth are not well understood, which limits the development of replacements that offer better performance and are less likely to degrade automobile catalytic converters over time. Using atomic force microscopy in ZDDP-containing lubricant base stock at elevated temperatures, we monitored the growth and properties of the tribofilms in situ in well-defined single-asperity sliding nanocontacts. Surface-based nucleati

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Xia, Yan Qiu, Shinya Sasaki, Takashi Murakami, and Miki Nakano. "Tribological Behavior of Phosphor Bronze against SAE52100 Steel under Different Lubricants." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.852.

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The friction and wear properties of phosphor bronze discs sliding against SAE52100 steel balls were evaluated using an Optimol SRV reciprocating friction and wear tester under the lubrication of pure poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and PAO containing commercial phosphite ester, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDTP) and oleic acid additives. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the phosphor bronze discs were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the elemental compositions and chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces of the phosphor bronze discs were

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Liang, P., T. Ren, J. Li, H. Ma, and H. Wu. "Tribological behaviour of two ash-less and phosphorous-free anti-wear additives and their synergetic effect with zinc dialkyldithiophosphates in mineral oil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 224, no. 1 (2009): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet615.

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Mannan, Abdul, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, M. A. Kalam, and H. H. Masjuki. "Tribological properties of hydrogen free DLC in self-mated contacts against ZDDP-added oil." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 6 (2017): 938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2016-0269.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the tribological properties of tetrahedral diamond-like carbon (DLC) films in self-mated contacts in the presence of additivated and non-additivated vegetable oils. DLC films have high practical value due to low friction and low wear properties. On the other hand, vegetable oils are considered to be lubricants for future due to its resource renewability and biodegradability. Sometimes different chemical agents are added to vegetable oils to further improve its tribological properties. Thus, the tribological study of DLC films against additiva

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Farfan-Cabrera, Leonardo Israel, Ezequiel Alberto Gallardo-Hernández, Manuel Vite-Torres, and Jesús Gilberto Godínez-Salcedo. "Influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on friction coefficients of a wet clutch in the running-in stage." Friction 9, no. 2 (2020): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0406-z.

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AbstractIn this paper, the influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on the friction coefficients of a wet clutch in approached running-in conditions was investigated. The ATFs were oxidized by a laboratory process approaching oxidation occurred in actual ATFs. Oxidation was evaluated by means of increase in carbonyl compounds and depletion of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) additives. Also, the changes in kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were evaluated. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to replicate the actual sliding contact in a wet clutc

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