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Journal articles on the topic 'Zinc oxide - Defects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Ischenko, V., S. Polarz, D. Grote, V. Stavarache, K. Fink, and M. Driess. "Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Defects." Advanced Functional Materials 15, no. 12 (December 2005): 1945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500087.

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2

Drożdż, Monika, Bartek Wierzba, and Zbigniew Grzesik. "Concentration of Point Defects in Metal Deficient Zn1-yO." High Temperature Materials and Processes 37, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0256.

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AbstractIn this paper the doping effect has been used to indirectly calculate point defect concentration in metal-deficient Zn1-yO zinc oxide. The proposed method consists of determining the concentration of prevailing point defects in the studied oxide from the influence of chromium addition on the point defect situation in doped zinc oxide. It has been found that chromium addition into the crystal lattice of zinc oxide changes its ionic disorder, enabling calculation of predominant point defects in Zn1-yO. The concentration of predominant point defects in Zn1-yO is the following function of oxygen pressure and temperature: $$\eqalign{\left[{\,{{\rm V''}_{\rm Zn}}\,} \right]\, &= \,{1 \over 2}\left[{\,{\rm h^ \bullet}\,} \right]\, = \,0.63 \cdot \,\rm p_{{O_2}}^{1/6}\, \cdot {K^{1/3}}\,_{}^{}\, \cr& = \,\,5.6 \cdot {10^{- 3}} \cdot \,\rm p_{{O_2}}^{1/6}\, \cdot \exp \left({- {{27\,kJ/mol} \over {RT}}} \right)\cdot}$$

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3

Santos, J. D., E. Longo, E. R. Leite, and J. A. Varela. "Model for zinc oxide varistor." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 5 (May 1998): 1152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0164.

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Zinc oxide varistors are very complex systems, and the dominant mechanism of voltage barrier formation in these systems has not been well established. Yet the MNDO quantum mechanical theoretical calculation was used in this work to determine the most probable defect type at the surface of a ZnO cluster. The proposed model represents well the semiconducting nature as well as the defects at the ZnO bulk and surface. The model also shows that the main adsorption species that provide stability at the ZnO surface are O-, O2-, and O2.

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4

WANG, YANG, CHENGBIAO WANG, ZHIJIAN PENG, QI WANG, and XIULI FU. "MANIPULATING THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS BY CHANGING THE SPUTTERING POWER OF RADIO FREQUENCY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING." Surface Review and Letters 24, Supp01 (October 31, 2017): 1850006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500063.

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Oxygen-deficient zinc oxides thin films with different levels of defects were prepared by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering method with sintered zinc oxide disk as target at different sputtering powers. The composition, structure and electrical properties of the prepared films were investigated. Under the present conditions, all the obtained films possessed würtzite structure, which were growing preferentially along the [Formula: see text]-axis. The thickness of the films, the size of the zinc oxide grains and the content of Zn atoms increased with increasing sputtering power. In the films deposited at a sputtering power from 52[Formula: see text]W to 212[Formula: see text]W, the main defect was interstitial zinc. With increasing sputtering power, due to the enhanced number of interstitial zinc in the films, their room-temperature electrical resistivity would decrease, which was controlled by electron conduction. At increasing measurement temperature, their electrical resistivity would increase, owing to the decrease of defect concentration caused by oxidization.

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5

Sengupta, G., N. K. Mandal, M. L. Kundu, R. M. Sanyal, and S. Dutta. "Morphology and surface defects of zinc oxide." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 117, no. 2 (June 1987): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(87)90388-2.

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6

Mikhailov, M. M. "Photoannealing of defects in irradiated zinc oxide." Soviet Physics Journal 28, no. 9 (September 1985): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00895515.

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7

Liu, M., A. H. Kitai, and P. Mascher. "Point defects and luminescence centres in zinc oxide and zinc oxide doped with manganese." Journal of Luminescence 54, no. 1 (August 1992): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(92)90047-d.

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8

Laxman, Karthik, Tanujjal Bora, Salim H. Al-Harthi, and Joydeep Dutta. "Improved Sensitization of Zinc Oxide Nanorods by Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots through Charge Induced Hydrophilic Surface Generation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/919163.

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This paper reports on UV-mediated enhancement in the sensitization of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods, improving the charge transfer efficiency across the QD-ZnO interface. The improvement was primarily due to the reduction in the interfacial resistance achieved via the incorporation of UV light induced surface defects on zinc oxide nanorods. The photoinduced defects were characterized by XPS, FTIR, and water contact angle measurements, which demonstrated an increase in the surface defects (oxygen vacancies) in the ZnO crystal, leading to an increase in the active sites available for the QD attachment. As a proof of concept, a model cadmium telluride (CdTe) QD solar cell was fabricated using the defect engineered ZnO photoelectrodes, which showed ∼10% increase in photovoltage and ∼66% improvement in the photocurrent compared to the defect-free photoelectrodes. The improvement in the photocurrent was mainly attributed to the enhancement in the charge transfer efficiency across the defect rich QD-ZnO interface, which was indicated by the higher quenching of the CdTe QD photoluminescence upon sensitization.

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9

Nikolić, Marija, Jelena Popović, Jovanka Gašić, and Radomir Barac. "The effect of zinc oxide based sealer on bone defects healing." Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sdj-2016-0016.

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Summary Introduction Obturation as the final phase of endodontic treatment aims to provide complete hermetic filling along the entire length of the canal system from the coronal opening to the apical end. The aim of this study was to evaluate histological response of bone tissue on the implantaton of zinc oxide based material in artificially prepared defect in the mandible of rats. Material and method For the experiment, sixteen male Wistar rats were used. Using sterile steel burs a defect was made in mandible, between the midline and mental foramen. Zinc oxide based sealer was implanted in the defects of experimental group while the defects of control group healed spontaneously. One half of animals in both groups were sacrificed after thirty days, and the second half after ninety days. Microscopic preparations consisted of the defect with surrounding bone and after processing were analysed using light microscopy. Results The thirtieth day after implantation of the material, fibrovascular connective tissue was noted, with scant chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. Away from the experimentally made defect, in the depth of the bone, lamellar bone with well-formed larger osteons was noted as well as enlarged Volkmann and Haversian canals. Ninety days after implantation of the material, there was no restitutio ad integrum, but intense focal remodelling of bone tissue was noted. Conclusion Endomethasone N slowed down bone tissue healing process by showing the signs of prolonged inflammation in bone tissue in which it has been implanted. Extension of the healing process is reflected in the slow replacement of fibrovascular connective tissue with newly formed bone tissue.

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10

Mikhailov, M. M. "Thermal annealing of defects in irradiated zinc oxide." Soviet Physics Journal 28, no. 9 (September 1985): 742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00895527.

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11

Song, Yin, Shengxia Zhang, Chonghong Zhang, Yitao Yang, and Kangyuan Lv. "Raman Spectra and Microstructure of Zinc Oxide irradiated with Swift Heavy Ion." Crystals 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9080395.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) materials irradiated with 350 MeV 56Fe21+ ions were studied by Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectra (PL) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). After 56Fe21+ ion irradiation, a strong oxygen vacancy (Vo) related defect absorption peak at 576 cm−1 and an interstitial zinc (Zni) -related defect at 80 cm−1~200 cm−1 formed, and with the increase of dose, the absorption peak was obviously enhanced. Through theoretical calculation, different Raman incident light test methods wereused to determine the oxygen vacancy defect (Vo). There were no significant variation tendencies in the other Raman characteristic lines. Our results demonstrate an energy loss process contributing to the defect structure during irradiation. TEM images showed a lot of fundamental defects. But we see no distinct amorphization in the samples in the electron diffraction images, indicating that the higher energy and irradiation dose hardly affected the structure and performance of zinc oxide.

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12

Kun Chen, Kun Chen, Huanfeng Zhu Huanfeng Zhu, Xinyu Yi Xinyu Yi, Shuai Cheng Shuai Cheng, Jing Li Jing Li, Songyou Wang Songyou Wang, Ming Lu Ming Lu, Min Xu Min Xu, Li Ma Li Ma, and Lei Lv Lei Lv. "Role of oxygen defects in inducing the blue photoluminescence of zinc oxide films deposited by magnetron sputtering." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 10 (2015): 103101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.103101.

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13

BARUAH, SUNANDAN, RAHMAN FAIZUR RAFIQUE, and JOYDEEP DUTTA. "VISIBLE LIGHT PHOTOCATALYSIS BY TAILORING CRYSTAL DEFECTS IN ZINC OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES." Nano 03, no. 05 (October 2008): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329200800126x.

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The photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide ( ZnO ) nanoparticles, films and nanowires as a potential visible light photocatalyst is presented in this work. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in different alcoholic solvents. Crystal defects were introduced either by doping the crystallites with manganese or by fast crystallization (using microwave irradiation during synthesis). ZnO , with a band gap of 3.37 eV, normally absorbs electromagnetic waves in the ultraviolet region, but introducing defects into its crystal lattice can shift the absorption more toward the visible light band from 400 nm to 700 nm by creating intermediate states which inhibit electron–hole recombination. The undoped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using microwaves showed comparable photocatalytic activities to the doped samples using the conventional heating method. To increase the effective surface area of the photocatalyst, ZnO nanowires were grown by a solution-based technique. Methylene blue degradation was observed to be enhanced in the presence of the ZnO nanowires compared to the ZnO nanoparticles. Intentional defect creation in photocatalysts could be an attractive possibility to apply in the visible light photocatalytic degradation studies.

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14

Baruah, Sunandan, Mohammad Abbas Mahmood, Myo Tay Zar Myint, Tanujjal Bora, and Joydeep Dutta. "Enhanced visible light photocatalysis through fast crystallization of zinc oxide nanorods." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 1 (November 22, 2010): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.1.3.

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Hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods have inherent crystalline defects primarily due to oxygen vacancies that enhance optical absorption in the visible spectrum, opening up possibilities for visible light photocatalysis. Comparison of photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorods and nanoparticle films on a test contaminant methylene blue with visible light irradiation at 72 kilolux (klx) showed that ZnO nanorods are 12–24% more active than ZnO nanoparticulate films. This can be directly attributed to the increased effective surface area for adsorption of target contaminant molecules. Defects, in the form of interstitials and vacancies, were intentionally created by faster growth of the nanorods by microwave activation. Visible light photocatalytic activity was observed to improve by ≈8% attributed to the availability of more electron deficient sites on the nanorod surfaces. Engineered defect creation in nanostructured photocatalysts could be an attractive solution for visible light photocatalysis.

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15

Dudin, Andrei, and Vitaly V. Neshchimenko. "Radiation Induced Defects in Hollow Particles of Zinc Oxide." Solid State Phenomena 312 (November 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.312.20.

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Radiation stability of ZnO hollow particles under 100 keV proton and electron exposure have been investigated. The experimental data were compared with the calculated ones obtained by modeling in the GEANT4 software package. Hollow particles have better radiation stability compared with bulk microparticles cause by low defects accumulation in the hollow particles, which was confirmed by simulation in GEANT4.

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16

Ling, Francis C. C., Zilan Wang, Lok Ping Ho, M. Younas, W. Anwand, A. Wagner, S. C. Su, and C. X. Shan. "Defects in zinc oxide grown by pulsed laser deposition." Physica B: Condensed Matter 480 (January 2016): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2015.09.034.

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17

Lima, S. A. M., F. A. Sigoli, M. Jafelicci Jr, and M. R. Davolos. "Luminescent properties and lattice defects correlation on zinc oxide." International Journal of Inorganic Materials 3, no. 7 (November 2001): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1466-6049(01)00055-1.

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18

Chen, Hsiang, Wei Ming Su, Yu-Tzu Chen, Chien-Cheng Lu, and Cheng-Yuan Weng. "Zinc Oxide Nanorod Growth on Au-coated Silverwire." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 20, no. 2 (June 9, 2017): 049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v20i2.296.

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In this study, zinc oxide nanostructures were grown on gold-coated silver wires by hydrothermal method. Multiple analyses on these nanostructures were performed to understand the structure and optical properties of zinc oxide on Au-plated silver wires, Owing to the Au-coated layer, ZnO nanorods could appear rather than ZnO nanoflakes on pure silver wires. Moreover, The deposited gold layer could vary zinc oxide nanostructures to nanorods The multiple analysis shows that lying flat ZnO structures with weak (002) crystalline structures and more defects could appear on the silver wire rather than ZnO nanostructures on pure silver wires.

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19

Alves, Zélia, Cláudia Nunes, and Paula Ferreira. "Unravelling the Role of Synthesis Conditions on the Structure of Zinc Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofillers." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082149.

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The diversity of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles and derived composites applications is highly dependent on their structure, size, morphology, defect amounts, and/or presence of dopant molecules. In this work, ZnO nanostructures are grown in situ on graphene oxide (GO) sheets by an easily implementable solvothermal method with simultaneous reduction of GO. The effect of two zinc precursors (zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD)), NaOH concentration (0.5, 1 or 2 M), and concentration (1 and 12.5 mg/mL) and pH (pH = 1, 4, 8, and 12) of GO suspension were evaluated. While the ZnO particle morphology shows to be precursor dependent, the average particle size length decreases with lower NaOH concentration, as well as with the addition of a higher basicity and concentration of GO suspension. A lowered band gap and a higher specific surface area are obtained from the ZnO composites with higher amounts of GO suspension. Otherwise, the low concentration and the higher pH of GO suspension induce more lattice defects on the ZnO crystal structure. The role of the different condition parameters on the ZnO nanostructures and their interaction with graphene sheets was observed to tune the ZnO–rGO nanofiller properties for photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities.

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20

Kazmi, Jamal, Poh Choon Ooi, Boon Tong Goh, Min Kai Lee, M. F. Mohd Razip Wee, Siti Shafura A Karim, Syed Raza Ali Raza, and Mohd Ambri Mohamed. "Bi-doping improves the magnetic properties of zinc oxide nanowires." RSC Advances 10, no. 39 (2020): 23297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03816d.

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Room-temperature ferromagnetism in the large and direct bandgap diluted magnetic semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) is attributed to the intrinsic defects and p-orbital–p-orbital (p–p) coupling interaction.

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21

Yoshimura, H. N., André Luiz Molisani, N. E. Narita, J. L. A. Manholetti, and J. M. Cavenaghi. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.408.

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ZnO varistors are nonlinear resistors used as surge arresters in power transmission and distribution for the protection of electronic devices. Electrical characteristics of these materials have been extensively studied, but their mechanical behavior is not completely understood. It has been suggested that the breakdown of ZnO varistors is related to microstructure heterogeneities and processing defects. These defects are the same that usually control the mechanical strength of ceramic materials. In this work, mechanical properties (flexural strength, fracture toughness, elastic constants, and hardness) of five commercial blocks of ZnO varistors (class I) from different producers were measured and correlated to their microstructure. Pore fraction and size significantly affected the flexural strength.

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22

Bruley, John, Ulrich Bremer, and Viktor Krasevec. "Chemistry of Basal Plane Defects in Zinc Oxide-Antimony Oxide (0.1 mol%) Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 75, no. 11 (November 1992): 3127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04397.x.

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23

Morfa, Anthony J., Brant C. Gibson, Matthias Karg, Timothy J. Karle, Andrew D. Greentree, Paul Mulvaney, and Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic. "Single-Photon Emission and Quantum Characterization of Zinc Oxide Defects." Nano Letters 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2012): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl204010e.

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24

Mikhailov, M. M., and V. V. Sharafutdinova. "Absorption bands of intrinsic point defects in irradiated zinc oxide." Russian Physics Journal 40, no. 9 (September 1997): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02523112.

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25

Takaki, Hidetaka, Shuhei Inoue, and Yukihiko Matsumura. "Defects control in the synthesis of low-dimensional zinc oxide." Chemical Physics Letters 684 (September 2017): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.06.050.

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26

Jug, Karl, and Viatcheslav A. Tikhomirov. "Influence of intrinsic defects on the properties of zinc oxide." Journal of Computational Chemistry 29, no. 13 (October 2008): 2250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20978.

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27

Duraia, El-Shazly M., G. W. Beall, Zulkhair A. Mansurov, Tatyana A. Shabanova, and Ahmed E. Hannora. "Elongated Wire-Like Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Synthesized from Metallic Zinc." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 15, no. 1 (December 24, 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj135.

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Elongated wire-like Zinc oxide, nanocombs and nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized on the silicon substrate from the metallic zinc as a starting material. The annealing temperature was as low as 450 ºC in argon atmosphere mixed with about 3% oxygen. Structural analysis using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the existence of two phases; nanowires and crystalline form. Moreover some nanoparticles aggregates were noticed to be attached in the bulk to the sides of the ZnO nanocrystals and sometimes these aggregate attached to the Zinc oxide hexagonal crystal and grow to form nanowire at different angles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations for the zinc oxide nanostructure on the silicon substrate showed the formation of the nanocrystals in the gas flow direction and at the low energy sites over the silicon substrate. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements, performed at the room temperature, showed the existence of two basic emissions: narrow ultraviolet (UV) emission at 398 nm which attributed to the near band edge emission of the wide band gap and a very wide, more intensive, green emission at 471 nm corresponds to the crystal defects such as vacancies, interstitial sites in ZnO.

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28

Erdem, Emre. "Defect induced p-type conductivity in zinc oxide at high temperature: electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy." Nanoscale 9, no. 31 (2017): 10983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr03988c.

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It has been observed that the defect centers on the surface play a crucial role in the conductivity behavior of ZnO. Above 300 °C only surface defects can be visible in EPR spectra for ZnO nanocrystals which indicate p-type conductivity.

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29

Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando, Luis Alfredo Montes Vides, and Ovidio Amado Almanza-Montero. "Sol-gel synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle at three different temperatures and its characterization via XRD, IR and EPR." DYNA 83, no. 195 (February 23, 2016): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v83n195.50833.

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In this work, nanoparticles of zinc oxide were synthesized; they were formed using the sol-gel method (citrate route) at calcination temperatures (Tc) of 500, 550 and 600 °C. For all samples studied, IR spectroscopy showed the presence of the bands associated with water molecules present in the zinc oxide and carbon dioxide adsorbed on its surface. The formation of zinc oxide phase was confirmed by XRD, which showed that from 500 ºC it had this type of Wurtzite structure. However, samples calcinated at 600 ºC have higher crystallinity. Crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer equation. The Rietveld method was used to obtain lattice parameters a and c for Wurtzite cell types as well as cell volume and the ratio c/a of each sample. These parameters do not show significant changes when they are compared with values obtained from samples with different calcination temperatures. Electron paramagnetic resonance showed the presence of defects in the zinc oxide. Three signals with g values of 1.96, 2.00 and 2.04 were associated with oxygen and zinc vacancies. Defects in the structure disappear when the calcination temperature is increased. The sample that was highlighted with the highest concentration of vacancies has a mean crystallite size greater than 30 nm, and this may also be responsible for this feature.

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30

Vojisavljevic, K., M. Zunic, G. Brankovic, and T. Sreckovic. "Electrical properties of mechanically activated zinc oxide." Science of Sintering 38, no. 2 (2006): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0602131v.

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Microstructural properties of a commercial zinc oxide powder were modified by mechanical activation in a high-energy vibro-mill. The obtained powders were dry pressed and sintered at 1100?C for 2 h. The electrical properties of grain boundaries of obtained ZnO ceramics were studied using an ac impedance analyzer. For that purpose, the ac electrical response was measured in the temperature range from 23 to 240?C in order to determine the resistance and capacitance of grain boundaries. The activation energies of conduction were obtained using an Arrhenius equation. Donor densities were calculated from Mott-Schottky measurements. The influence of microstructure, types and concentrations of defects on electrical properties was discussed.

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31

KEDIA, SUNITA, and R. VIJAYA. "PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF ZINC OXIDE INVERSE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 01n02 (February 2011): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11007727.

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Three-dimensional photonic crystals prepared by self-assembly method from polymethyl methacrylate colloids are infiltrated with zinc oxide ( ZnO ) prepared using sol–gel technique. The polymer template is removed by chemical method and heat treatment to obtain inverse photonic crystals of ZnO . The inverse crystal fabricated by the chemical method is further heated at high temperature and the X-ray diffraction establishes the presence of single-crystalline ZnO . The photoluminescence is recorded from the inverse photonic crystals by exciting them with He–Cd laser at 325 nm. The as-prepared inverse crystals show only UV emission while the inverse crystal obtained by the chemical route and treated at high temperature shows the visible emission due to oxygen vacancy defects.

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32

Nagao, Tadaaki, Thang Duy Dao, R. P. Sugavaneshwar, Kai Chen, and K. K. Nanda. "Effects of nanoscale morphology and defects in oxide: optoelectronic functions of zinc oxide nanowires." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 171, no. 1-2 (February 2016): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2016.1160906.

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33

Chen, Dong, Fei Gao, Mingdong Dong, and Bo Liu. "Migration of point defects and a defect pair in zinc oxide using the dimer method." Journal of Materials Research 27, no. 17 (May 25, 2012): 2241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.153.

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34

Deng, Bei, Andreia Luisa da Rosa, Th Frauenheim, J. P. Xiao, X. Q. Shi, R. Q. Zhang, and Michel A. Van Hove. "Oxygen vacancy diffusion in bare ZnO nanowires." Nanoscale 6, no. 20 (2014): 11882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr03582h.

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35

KUMAR, SURENDER, and P. D. SAHARE. "EFFECTS OF ANNEALING ON THE SURFACE DEFECTS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES." Nano 07, no. 03 (June 2012): 1250022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292012500221.

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ZnO nanoparticles have been prepared by wet chemical method. The properties of the synthesized nanostructures are studied using X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Photoluminescence (PL), Ultraviolet-Visible absorption, Laser Raman and Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal decomposition is analyzed by Thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The influence of annealing on structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles has been systematically investigated. The PL results demonstrated that the visible emission at 565 nm is associated with the combination of oxygen vacancies and OH group attached at the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. OH group is lessened from the surface of ZnO nanoparticles with annealing temperature and a blue-shift in visible emission peak is observed at 800°C annealing temperature.

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36

Dudin, A. N., V. V. Neshchimenko, and V. Yu Yurina. "Radiation Defects Induced by Proton Exposure in Hollow Zinc-Oxide Particles." Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques 14, no. 4 (July 2020): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1027451020040242.

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37

Chen, Zanyu, Jiugang Hu, Shijun Liu, Hongshuai Hou, Guoqiang Zou, Wentao Deng, and Xiaobo Ji. "Dual defects boosting zinc ion storage of hierarchical vanadium oxide fibers." Chemical Engineering Journal 404 (January 2021): 126536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126536.

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38

Chung, Kelvin, Timothy J. Karle, Asma Khalid, Amanda N. Abraham, Ravi Shukla, Brant C. Gibson, David A. Simpson, Aleksandra B. Djurišic, Hiroshi Amekura, and Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic. "Room-temperature single-photon emission from zinc oxide nanoparticle defects and their in vitro photostable intrinsic fluorescence." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0138.

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AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising semiconductor that is suitable for bioimaging applications due to its intrinsic defect fluorescence. However, ZnO generally suffers from poor photostability. We report room-temperature single-photon emission from optical defects found in ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) formed by ion implantation followed by thermal oxidation in a silica substrate. We conduct a thorough investigation into the photophysics of a particularly bright defect and identify other single emitters within the NPs. Photostability was observed when the NPs were removed from the growth substrate and taken up by skin cells for in vitro imaging.

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39

Marinho, J. Z., F. C. Romeiro, S. C. S. Lemos, F. V. Motta, C. S. Riccardi, M. S. Li, E. Longo, and R. C. Lima. "Urea-Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures at Low Temperature." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/427172.

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The preparation of nanometer-sized structures of zinc oxide (ZnO) from zinc acetate and urea as raw materials was performed using conventional water bath heating and a microwave hydrothermal (MH) method in an aqueous solution. The oxide formation is controlled by decomposition of the added urea in the sealed autoclave. The influence of urea and the synthesis method on the final product formation are discussed. Broadband photoluminescence (PL) behavior in visible-range spectra was observed with a maximum peak centered in the green region which was attributed to different defects and the structural changes involved with ZnO crystals which were produced during the nucleation process.

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Miyazaki, Hiroki, Yutaka Adachi, Isao Sakaguchi, Takamasa Ishigaki, and Naoki Ohashi. "Planarization of Zinc Oxide Surface and Evaluation of Processing Damage." Key Engineering Materials 485 (July 2011): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.485.215.

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The processes for polishing a ZnO surface were investigated with the aim of establishing a process for obtaining an atomically flat surface with high crystalline quality. The defects in a layer undergoing mechanical polishing were monitored through photoluminescence measurements, and the purity of the polished surface was characterized by SIMS. An atomicallyfishing process.

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41

Bora, T., M. T. Z. Myint, S. H. Al-Harthi, and J. Dutta. "Role of surface defects on visible light enabled plasmonic photocatalysis in Au–ZnO nanocatalysts." RSC Advances 5, no. 117 (2015): 96670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16569e.

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Visible light photocatalytic activity of the plasmonic gold–zinc oxide (Au–ZnO) nanorods (NRs) is investigated with respect to the surface defects of the ZnO NRs, controlled by annealing the NRs in ambient at different temperatures.

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Salameh, B., A. M. Alsmadi, and F. El Akkad. "Physicochemistry of point defects in fluorine doped zinc tin oxide thin films." Thin Solid Films 626 (March 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.02.021.

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43

To, C. K., B. Yang, C. D. Beling, S. Fung, C. C. Ling, and M. Gong. "Positron annihilation study of defects in electron-irradiated single crystal zinc oxide." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 262 (January 1, 2011): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/262/1/012059.

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Roy, Tapatee Kundu, D. Sanyal, Debasis Bhowmick, and Alok Chakrabarti. "Temperature dependent resistivity study on zinc oxide and the role of defects." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 16, no. 2 (April 2013): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2012.09.018.

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Nimpoeno, Wynona A., Hendrik O. Lintang, and Leny Yuliati. "Zinc Oxide with Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity Originated from Oxygen Vacancy Defects." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 833 (July 1, 2020): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/833/1/012080.

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46

Meethal, Bhabhina Ninnora, and Sindhu Swaminathan. "Bromine‐Induced Defects in Anion‐Deficient Zinc Oxide as Stable Photocatalysis Promoters." ChemistrySelect 3, no. 47 (December 14, 2018): 13345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201802795.

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Melkozerova, M. A., V. N. Krasil’nikov, O. I. Gyrdasova, E. V. Zabolotskaya, E. V. Shalaeva, and R. F. Samigullina. "Nature of defects in nanocrystalline zinc oxide with particles of tubular morphology." Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 48, no. 3 (July 2012): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11237-012-9253-y.

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48

Ryoken, Haruki, Isao Sakaguchi, Takeshi Ohgaki, Yoshitaka Adachi, Tadashi Takenaka, Naoki Ohashi, and Hajime Haneda. "Effect of Al-Doping into Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method with Various Oxidation Assists." Key Engineering Materials 301 (January 2006): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.301.75.

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The defect structure of undoped and Al-doped ZnO films deposited by pulse laser deposition was investigated to understand the charge compensation mechanism in those films. Particularly, the effect of oxidation assist, i.e., O2 gas or oxygen radicals, on the defect structure of the resultant films was examined. The examination indicated that the defect structure of undoped ZnO was not affected by the oxidation assist, whereas the properties of Al-doped ZnO obviously varied with the method of oxidation assist. An analyses of oxygen diffusion in these films revealed that Al-doping enhanced formation of oxygen defects in Al-doped ZnO.

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Jeong, Hyun-Jun, Hyun-Mo Lee, Kyung-Chul Ok, Jozeph Park, and Jin-Seong Park. "Supreme performance of zinc oxynitride thin film transistors via systematic control of the photo-thermal activation process." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 19 (2018): 5171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01064a.

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Zinc oxynitride (ZnON) is a relatively novel class of material, often regarded as a promising alternative to oxide semiconductors, owing to its relatively high electron mobility and low concentration of oxygen-related defects that affect the device reliability.

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Prasad, R. Haarindra, U. Hashim, K. L. Foo, Tijjani Adam, and Mohd Shafiq. "Fabrication and Characterization of IDE Based Sensor through Conventional Lithography Method." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.517.

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This paper mainly illustrate regarding the fabrication process of IDE based sensor for bio-molecular detection process. Material that is utilized in this process is zinc oxide due to bio-compability and elevated electrical characteristic. IDE mask is designed by using auto-cad software which tailors for detection of bio substance which is extremely small scale in size. Zinc Oxide material is also used due to presented of nanostructure that can be synthesized through hydrothermal route. Zinc oxide solution is prepared by series of sol-gel process and is coated on the SiO substrate which acts as insulator layer during the lithography process. IDE mask is patterned transfer on sample by using conventional lithography process which the parameters are critically adjusted to ensure that the pattern transfer process occur with minimal defects. The fabricated sensor will be further validated through electrical and morphological characteristic. Capacitance test and impedance test is taken with various pH solution to observe the response of the sensor with different pH values. Keywords: IDE sensor, bio-compability, Zinc Oxide, auto-cad software, sol-gel, SiO substrate, hydrothermal route

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