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Journal articles on the topic 'Zinc oxide – Structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Metanawin, Tanapak, Praripatsaya Panutumrong, and Siripan Metanawin. "Morphology, Structure and Particle Size of Hybrid Nanozinc Oxide." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.204.

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The hybrid polymer materials of nano-zinc oxide were synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization technique. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were encapsulated by polystyrene to introduce multi-function to the hybrid nano-zinc oxide. The contents of zinc oxide particles in the hybrid nano-zinc oxide were various from 1wt% to 40wt%. The particles sizes of hybrid nano-zinc oxide were determined by using dynamic light scattering. It was showed that the particle size of the hybrid nano-zinc oxide was in the range of 124-205nm. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the topography and morphology of hybrid nano-zinc oxide. The crystal structure of hybrid nano-zinc oxide were explored by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.

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2

Chen, Bo Wei, Yu Tie Bi, and Lin Zhang. "Synthesis and Structure of Zinc Oxide Aerogel." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.140.

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The zinc-based aerogel was synthesized via a sol-gel route that it was processed using Zinc chloride as precursor, polyacrylic acid as the template and propylene oxide as the gelation agent. The Zn-based aerogel is formed the length and cross-link of the zinc chloride hydroxide chain, owing to a dominant influence of PAA on the nucleation and growth position of sol nucleus. Nevertheless, ZnO aerogel was prepared with the method that the zinc-based aerogel was calcined at 400°C. Consequently, the RWP value was in reasonable 7.35% according to X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) refinement. The crystal system of the ZnO aerogel was monoclinic.

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3

Black, Nathan, David Ciota, and Edward Gillan. "Botanically Templated Monolithic Macrostructured Zinc Oxide Materials for Photocatalysis." Inorganics 6, no. 4 (September 25, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics6040103.

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With an increased focus on light energy to facilitate catalytic processes, photocatalysts have been intensively studied for a wide range of energy and environmental applications. In this report, we describe the use of chemically dehydrated leaves as sacrificial foam-like templates for the growth of monolithic macrostructured semiconducting zinc oxide and nickel or cobalt doped zinc oxide materials. The composition and structure of these templated zinc oxides were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Optical properties were examined using solid-state UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The metal-doped ZnO materials have enhanced visible absorption and lower band gaps as compared to ZnO. The botanically templated ZnO materials retain the macroscopic cellular form of the leaf template with fused nanoparticle walls. Their UV photocatalytic oxidative abilities were investigated using methylene blue dye degradation in air. The leaf templated zinc oxides degrade ~85% of methylene blue dye with 30 min of UV illumination. Nickel and cobalt doped zinc oxides showed varying degrees of decreased UV and visible light photocatalytic activity, possibly due to metal-mediated charge recombination. The mild chemical dehydration process here allows complex soft botanical structures to be easily utilized for templating materials.

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4

Chen, Hsiang, Wei Ming Su, Yu-Tzu Chen, Chien-Cheng Lu, and Cheng-Yuan Weng. "Zinc Oxide Nanorod Growth on Au-coated Silverwire." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 20, no. 2 (June 9, 2017): 049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v20i2.296.

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In this study, zinc oxide nanostructures were grown on gold-coated silver wires by hydrothermal method. Multiple analyses on these nanostructures were performed to understand the structure and optical properties of zinc oxide on Au-plated silver wires, Owing to the Au-coated layer, ZnO nanorods could appear rather than ZnO nanoflakes on pure silver wires. Moreover, The deposited gold layer could vary zinc oxide nanostructures to nanorods The multiple analysis shows that lying flat ZnO structures with weak (002) crystalline structures and more defects could appear on the silver wire rather than ZnO nanostructures on pure silver wires.

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5

Hsu, Yu-Ting, Che-Chi Lee, Wen-How Lan, Kai-Feng Huang, Kuo-Jen Chang, Jia-Ching Lin, Shao-Yi Lee, Wen-Jen Lin, Mu-Chun Wang, and Chien-Jung Huang. "Thickness Study of Er-Doped Magnesium Zinc Oxide Diode by Spray Pyrolysis." Crystals 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8120454.

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Erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxides were prepared through spray pyrolysis deposition at 450 °C with an aqueous solution containing magnesium nitrate, zinc acetate, erbium acetate, and indium nitrate precursors. Diodes with different erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide thicknesses were fabricated. The effect of erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide was investigated. The crystalline structure and surface morphology were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The films exhibited a zinc oxide structure, with (002), (101), and (102) planes and tiny rods in a mixed hexagonal flakes surface morphology. With the photoluminescence analyses, defect states were identified. The diodes were fabricated via a metallization process in which the top contact was Au and the bottom contact was In. The current–voltage characteristics of these diodes were characterized. The structure resistance increased with the increase in erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide thickness. With a reverse bias in excess of 8 V, the light spectrum, with two distinct green light emissions at wavelengths of 532 nm and 553 nm, was observed. The light intensity that resulted when using a different operation current of the diodes was investigated. The diode with an erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide thickness of 230 nm shows high light intensity with an operational current of 80 mA. The emission spectrum with different injection currents for the diodes was characterized and the mechanism is discussed.

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6

Kim, Hansoo, and Wolfgang M. Sigmund. "Synthesis of hierarchical zinc oxide nanotubes." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 12 (December 2003): 2845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0397.

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In this paper, we report on the synthesis and structure of hierarchical zinc oxide nanotubes. Hierarchical nanotubes grown by physical vaporization of zinc in the presence of a catalyst were decorated with many secondary zinc oxide nanorods on the outer surface. The axis of these nanotubes with an average diameter of 65 nm was aligned along the c axis of wurtzite zinc oxide. The hierarchical zinc oxide nanotubes, many of which were single crystals, were transparent or opaque, depending on whether they had a zinc layer inside. The opaque nanotubes showed an abrupt change in electronic transmittance during investigation with transmission electron microscopy. The unique structure of the hierarchical ZnO nanotubes and the quantum effect resulting from the reduced dimension will modify the original properties of ZnO, leading to novel applications.

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7

Alemán, B., P. Fernández, and J. Piqueras. "Indium-zinc-oxide nanobelts with superlattice structure." Applied Physics Letters 95, no. 1 (July 6, 2009): 013111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3176974.

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8

Irzhak, A. V., V. V. Koledov, P. V. Lega, D. S. Kuchin, A. P. Orlov, N. Yu Tabachkova, P. V. Mazaev, et al. "Structure and Morphology of Zinc Oxide Nanorods." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 63, no. 1 (January 2018): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226918010072.

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9

Shalygina, О. А., I. V. Nazarov, A. V. Baranov, and V. Yu Timoshenko. "Structure and photoluminescence properties of zinc oxide/ytterbium oxide nanocomposites." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 81, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4258-y.

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10

Sinornate, Wuttichai, Krisana Chongsri, and Wisanu Pecharapa. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO:F Nanorod Structure." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.49.

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F-doped ZnO nanorod structures were synthesized via hydrothermal process with variation of doping content starting from zinc nitrate solution and zinc oxide thin film used as seeding layer. The zinc oxide seeding film was fabricated by spin coating on glass substrate using zinc acetate precursor and annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. Relevant properties of ZnO:F nanorod structures were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Corresponding results indicated that ZnO:F nanorod array, grown in (002) plane, has the characteristics of good crystallinity. In addition, this study showed that ZnO:F nanorod with exceptional structure can be obtained by hydrothermal process, operated at proper treatment time, temperature and F-doping content.

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11

Chu, Long Sheng, Zuo Wan Zhou, and Yong Zhao. "Study on the Properties of Microwave Absorption of Zinc Oxide Whisker." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.982.

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In this paper, the microwave absorption behaviors of zinc oxide whisker were studied. The morphological structure of zinc oxide whisker was observed through scanning electron microscope. The effect of the structure of zinc oxide whisker on the microwave absorption, such as length-diameter ratio, cross-section appearance, and doping was analyzed. The result shows that the more irregular the cross section of the needle of zinc oxide whisker is, the more prominent the microwave absorption appears. The less the length-diameter ratio of the needle of zinc oxide whisker is, the more obvious the microwave absorption of zinc oxide whisker becomes. The zinc oxide whisker, which had inlet ion, such as Al3+, Fe3+ , etc., in its crystal lattice has a better microwave absorption efficiency than the pure zinc oxide whisker. The further analysis found that electric conductive network can be formed easily because of the zinc oxide whisker, and the coating had the porous structure. When microwave reaches the coating of zinc oxide whisker, the polarization of zinc oxide whisker was resulted and the electromagnetic energy lost. Firstly, electric current was transmitted through the electric conductive network and the energy transformed to heat. Secondly, tips’ phenomenon has been observed, which lead to the energy lost. Finally, the microwave energy was lost because of the tunnel effect, which will bring about leakage current. Based on the three reasons above, microwave energy was absorbed by the coating containing the zinc oxide whisker.

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12

Mousa, MA, and M. Khairy. "Synthesis of nano-zinc oxide with different morphologies and its application on fabrics for UV protection and microbe-resistant defense clothing." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 21-22 (May 6, 2020): 2492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520920952.

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A liquid precipitation method was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles in three diverse media: water, methanol, and ethylene glycol. The studied materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a hexagonal Wurtzite structure of zinc oxide with a nanocrystalline size. Acquired powders showed different morphologies (rod, star, and spherical structures), which were affected by the nature of the solvent in the reaction. The different zinc oxide powders have varied optical band gaps. Scanning electron microscopy examinations confirmed the arrangement of nano-zinc oxide on the surfaces of the materials. The zinc oxide-covering procedure was carried out on cotton, polyester, and 50/50 wt% polyester/cotton blended fabrics using a simple dip and curing system. The cotton fabric treated with nanorod zinc oxide exhibited the highest ultraviolet protection factor with a value of 247.2. The antimicrobial properties of untreated and treated fabrics with nano-zinc oxide were measured against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and diploid fungus (Candida albicans). The results showed the antimicrobial action relies on the morphological structure and the particle size of zinc oxide and that it increases with a reduced particle size. The cotton fabric treated with 26 nm nonspherical zinc oxide particles showed the highest antimicrobial efficiency with values of 91.4%, 86.8%, and 84.7% for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, respectively. The mechanical properties of treated fabrics were studied. The results confirm that nano-zinc oxide is highly useful for improving the performance of defense textile products because of its biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and nontoxicity.

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13

Kang, Ju Hwan, Aeran Song, Yu Jung Park, Jung Hwa Seo, Bright Walker, and Kwun-Bum Chung. "Tungsten-Doped Zinc Oxide and Indium–Zinc Oxide Films as High-Performance Electron-Transport Layers in N–I–P Perovskite Solar Cells." Polymers 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040737.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous research attention due to their potential as a next-generation photovoltaic cell. Transition metal oxides in N–I–P structures have been widely used as electron-transporting materials but the need for a high-temperature sintering step is incompatible with flexible substrate materials and perovskite materials which cannot withstand elevated temperatures. In this work, novel metal oxides prepared by sputtering deposition were investigated as electron-transport layers in planar PSCs with the N–I–P structure. The incorporation of tungsten in the oxide layer led to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase from 8.23% to 16.05% due to the enhanced electron transfer and reduced back-recombination. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that relatively large grain sizes in the perovskite phase with small grain boundaries were formed when the perovskite was deposited on tungsten-doped films. This study demonstrates that novel metal oxides can be used as in perovskite devices as electron transfer layers to improve the efficiency.

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14

Günter, Marco Maria, Bettina Bems, Robert Schlögl, and Thorsten Ressler. "In situstudies on the structure of copper oxide/zinc oxide catalysts." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049500017532.

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15

Boukhoubza, I., M. Khenfouch, M. Achehboune, B. Mouthudi, I. Zorkani, and A. Jorio. "Synthesis and characterization of Graphene oxide/Zinc oxide nanorods sandwich structure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 984 (March 2018): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/984/1/012005.

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16

Hutsul, K., and I. Ivanenko. "Structure and properties of zinc (II) oxide: review." Ecological Sciences 1, no. 2 (2020): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716/2020.eco.2-29.1.23.

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17

McConnell, N. M., R. O. Day, and J. S. Wood. "Structure of dichlorobis(pyridine N-oxide)zinc(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1094–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270186093320.

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18

Akilbekov, A., A. Dauletbekova, Z. Baimukhanov, A. Kozlovskyi, Sh Giniyatova, Zh Karipbayev, A. Usseinov, and A. Seitbayev. "Structure of zinc oxide nanocrystals in track templates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1115 (November 2018): 032084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1115/3/032084.

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19

Akilan, T., N. Srinivasan, R. Saravanan, and Prasanta Chowdury. "Structure of Vanadium-Doped Zinc Oxide, Zn1–XVxO." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 29, no. 7 (July 3, 2014): 780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.880459.

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20

Trushin, E. V., I. L. Zilberberg, and A. V. Bulgakov. "Structure and stability of small zinc oxide clusters." Physics of the Solid State 54, no. 4 (April 2012): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783412040294.

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21

Doyan, Aris, Susilawati, Siti Azizatul Fitri, and Sukainil Ahzan. "Crystal Structure Characterization of Thin Layer Zinc Oxide." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 196 (May 2017): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/196/1/012004.

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22

Montero, Luis Hermida, Francisco Paraguay-Delgado, and Nicolaza Pariona Mendoza. "Structure and Morphology Changes of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, S1 (July 30, 2021): 2342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621008424.

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23

Kiruba, R., and Solomon Jeevaraj A. Kingson. "Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of PVP Capped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 1086 (February 2015): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1086.75.

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Monodispersed polyvinylpyrrolidone capped nanostructures of zinc oxide are prepared through chemical precipitation technique. The prepared nanostructures are characterized by XRD, SEM and Photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the hexagonal structure of zinc oxide nanostructures. Nanostructures of the prepared zinc oxide are confirmed by SEM. The emission wavelength of PVP capped zinc oxide is found to be 551 nm using photoluminescence spectra.

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24

WANG, YANG, CHENGBIAO WANG, ZHIJIAN PENG, QI WANG, and XIULI FU. "MANIPULATING THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS BY CHANGING THE SPUTTERING POWER OF RADIO FREQUENCY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING." Surface Review and Letters 24, Supp01 (October 31, 2017): 1850006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500063.

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Oxygen-deficient zinc oxides thin films with different levels of defects were prepared by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering method with sintered zinc oxide disk as target at different sputtering powers. The composition, structure and electrical properties of the prepared films were investigated. Under the present conditions, all the obtained films possessed würtzite structure, which were growing preferentially along the [Formula: see text]-axis. The thickness of the films, the size of the zinc oxide grains and the content of Zn atoms increased with increasing sputtering power. In the films deposited at a sputtering power from 52[Formula: see text]W to 212[Formula: see text]W, the main defect was interstitial zinc. With increasing sputtering power, due to the enhanced number of interstitial zinc in the films, their room-temperature electrical resistivity would decrease, which was controlled by electron conduction. At increasing measurement temperature, their electrical resistivity would increase, owing to the decrease of defect concentration caused by oxidization.

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25

Dhanalakshmi, A., S. Thanikaikarasan, B. Natarajan, V. Ramadas, T. Mahalingam, Delfeena Eapen, and P. J. Sebastian. "Structural and Optical Characterization of ZnO and Glucose Capped ZnO Nanoparticles." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v21i1.409.

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Zinc Oxide and Glucose capped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have been prepared using modified chemical reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the prepared samples possess polycrystalline nature with hexagonal structure. Surface morphology has been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The estimated value of band gap was found to be 3.41 and 3.87 eV for Zinc Oxide and Glucose capped ZnO respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis has been carried out to find the chemical bond and elemental composition present in Zinc Oxide and Glucose capped Zinc Oxide.

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26

Liu, Huang, Yanhua Zhang, Hongtao Yang, Wei Xiao, and Lanlan Sun. "Filter Paper Inspired Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials with High Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Methylene Orange." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2862567.

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Nanometer-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) has been synthesized through sol-gel method with natural cellulose substance (commercial filter paper) as template. The structure of zinc oxide nanomaterial was characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption and XRD. The morphology was observed by SEM and TEM. The results show that the hexagonal wurtzite phase is actually the only crystal phase in the sample and the product faithfully inherits the hierarchical morphology and the complex network structure of the original filter paper, which is composed of many randomly intersecting zinc oxide microfibers and nanosheets with lots of close stacked particles adsorbed on the surface. Moreover, these zinc oxide nanomaterials possess abundant mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter ofca. 21 nm and a wide pore size distribution (3–30 nm). Due to the strong absorption ability in the UV range, the zinc oxide nanomaterial prepared by this method displays significantly high photocatalytic activity for degrading methyl orange. In a short period of 20 minutes, the zinc oxide nanomaterial has degraded about 50% of the original MO, and the MO dye is fully degraded after UV irradiation for 80 minutes.

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27

Pietruszka, Rafal, Bartlomiej S. Witkowski, Monika Ozga, Katarzyna Gwozdz, Ewa Placzek-Popko, and Marek Godlewski. "9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (July 21, 2021): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.60.

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Today, silicon solar cells (amorphous films and wafer-based) are a main source of green energy. These cells and their components are produced by employing various technologies. Unfortunately, during the production process, chemicals that are harmful for the environment and for human life are used. For example, hydrofluoric acid is used to texture the top electrode to improve light harvesting. In this work, and also in recent ones, we report a way to obtain 3D textures on the top electrode by using zinc oxide nanorods. The efficiency of a textured solar cell structure is compared with the one obtained for a planar zinc oxide/silicon structure. The present results show the possibility to produce efficient solar cells on a relatively thin 50 μm thick silicon substrate. Solar cells with structured top electrodes were examined by numerous measuring techniques. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a grain-like morphology of the magnesium-doped zinc oxide film. The size of the grains is closely related to the structure of the nanorods. The external quantum efficiency of the cells was measured. The obtained solar cell shows response in a wide spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared. Current–voltage and current–voltage–temperature measurements were performed to evaluate basic photovoltaic parameters. At room temperature, the cells efficiency equals to 9.1% for textured structures and 5.4% for planar structures, respectively. The work, therefore, describes an environmentally friendly technology for PV architecture with surface textures increasing the efficiency of PV cells.

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28

Kim, Wan-Tae, Kyeong-Han Na, Dong-Cheol Park, Wan-Hee Yang, and Won-Youl Choi. "Photocatalytic Methylene Blue Degradation of Electrospun Ti–Zn Complex Oxide Nanofibers." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071311.

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Photocatalysts are the most important technology in air pollution removal and the detoxification of organic materials. Doping and complexation are among the most used methods to improve the efficiency of photocatalysts. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanomaterials are widely used materials for photocatalysts and the degradation of toxic materials. Their mixed structure can be fabricated by many methods and the structure affects their properties. Nanofibers are efficient materials for photocatalysts due to their vertically formed structure, which improves the charge separation of photoelectrons. We fabricated them by an electrospinning process. A precursor consisting of titanium 4-isopropoxide, zinc acetate dihydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a spinning solution for a mixed structure of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide with different molar ratios. They were then calcined, crystallized by heat treatment and analyzed by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS). After annealing, the average diameters of the Ti–Zn complex oxide nanofibers were 237.6–278.6 nm with different salt ratios, and multiple crystalline structures were observed, namely TiO2, ZnO, ZnTiO3 and Zn2TiO4. We observed the photocatalytic performance of the samples and compared them according to the photodegradation of methylene blue. The methylene blue concentration decreased to 0.008–0.650 after three hours, compared to an initial concentration of 1, with different metal oxide structures.

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29

Lee, Jung Goo, Ryusuke Nakamura, Daisuke Tokozakura, Hideo Nakajima, Hirotaro Mori, and Jong Hoon Lee. "Formation of Hollow Zinc Oxide by Oxidation and Subsequent Thermal Treatment." Solid State Phenomena 135 (February 2008): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.135.11.

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The formation of hollow zinc oxide has been studied by oxidation and subsequent thermal treatment of nanometer-sized zinc particles using in-situ TEM. The zinc particles produced under UHV condition were exposed to air at room temperature for 0.6 ks, which resulted in the formation of oxide layer with thickness of 3 nm. Subsequent heating inside UHV chamber of TEM induced the evaporation of the inner zinc, which resulted in the formation of hollow zinc oxide. The produced hollow zinc oxide had the wurtzite structure. Based upon the vapor pressure of the inner zinc, it seems reasonable to consider that the internal zinc vapor leaks away through the interface between the oxide layer and the amorphous carbon film used as a supporting substrate.

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30

Chen, Chun Tian, Yu Long Qiao, Hai Feng Yang, Dong Sheng Wang, Qi Chao Shi, and Li Juan He. "First Principle Calculation of Anti-Ferromagnetic Characteristics of Zn_0.875Co_0.125O." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.3.

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A variety of different magnetic structure models of cobalt doped zinc oxide have been calculated by density functional theory (DFT) of first-principle method. Crystal structure parameters and the total energy of the models are obtained through the computational simulation. Through contrasting and analyzing the total energy of each of the structure models, it is found that the cobalt doped zinc oxide crystal material with anti-ferromagnetic state is more stable than the one with ferromagnetic state. The electronic structure of the models with anti-ferromagnetic is investigated and the results show that the cobalt 3d electrons have a great impact on the characteristics of the electronic structure of the zinc oxide.

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31

Fulton, W. Stephen. "Tire-Cord Adhesion: How the Source of Zinc Can Influence the Structure of the Bonding Interface." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 79, no. 5 (November 1, 2006): 790–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547967.

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Abstract Many excellent, fundamental studies on tire cord adhesion have described how zinc diffuses through the rubber brass interface to be sulphidized to form zinc sulphide and how zinc combines with oxygen to create zinc oxide during dezincification. The source of zinc is assumed primarily to originate in the brass of the tire cord. However, studies using isotope-depleted zinc oxide in the rubber formulation are presented here which reveal how zinc from different sources is distributed within the bonding interface, before and after aging. To differentiate between two sources of zinc, i.e. brass and compound, zinc oxide made from 64Zn-depleted zinc was mixed in the formulation and Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) depth profiling was used to follow the zinc isotope ratios within the interfacial layers. As the relative ratios of the various zinc isotopes changed during depth profiling, the contribution of zinc from each source could be determined. Profiles were obtained for unaged, heat-aged and humidity-aged samples and in each case a relatively large amount of zinc that originated in the rubber compound was shown to be incorporated as zinc sulphide during the thickening of the interfacial layer. Heat-ageing produced a thickened dendritic structure that was visualized in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) using a sample prepared by focussed ion beam (FIB) techniques. This study was complemented by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis, producing elemental linescans to illustrate more fully the role of zinc during the thickening of the bonding interface.

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32

Huang, Bohr-Ran, and Jun-Cheng Lin. "Core–shell structure of zinc oxide/indium oxide nanorod based hydrogen sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 174 (November 2012): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.08.065.

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33

Mahmud, Mohd Sabri, Zahira Yaakob, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, and Vo Nguyen Dai Viet. "AMORPHOUS STRUCTURE IN CU-ZN-V-AL OXIDE COMPOSITE CATALYST FOR METHANOL REFORMING." IIUM Engineering Journal 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1.808.

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Cu-Zn-V-Al oxide composite catalysts were prepared using a co-precipitation method to investigate hydrogen and carbon monoxide yield of a methanol reforming reaction. The mass compositions of metals were initially determined on the Simplex Centroid statistical design. The effects of various metal compositions on the physicochemical properties of the catalyst were studied via X-ray diffractogram (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) analyses, and reaction. XRD revealed crystals in the samples. Crystalline CuO in Cu30V30Al40 formed with the addition of zinc oxide at the metal loading below 30 wt%. A combination of zinc oxide and vanadia, however, had no Zn-V complex crystal but its scanning electron microscopy image showed the formation of string structures (AS). The catalyst that contained the AS exhibited a broad hydrogen reduction peak in the TPR analysis. Vanadium at a loading below 40 wt% with various zinc and cuprum compositions also formed small ASs and exhibited single TPR peaks. A reaction yield study revealed the optimum compositions of metal oxides when the data was fitted by response surface plots. The catalysts with high content of AS were not at the peaks however. Cu-Zn based catalysts showed the highest hydrogen yield for the reaction temperature of between 150 oC to 225 oC and vanadia-promoted catalyst with AS only appeared to be the optimum catalyst at the higher temperature. ABSTRAK: Mangkin komposit oksida Cu-Zn-V-Al disediakan menggunakan kaedah pemendakan bersama untuk mengkaji hasil hidrogen dan karbon monoksida daripada tindak balas pembentukan semula metanol. Komposisi jisim logam-logam dikenal pasti terlebih dahulu menggunakan reka bentuk statistik Simplex Centroid. Pelbagai kesan komposisi logam terhadap sifat-sifat mangkin kimia-fizikal dikaji menerusi analisis-analisis pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan program penurunan suhu teratur (TPR), dan tindak balas kimia. Hasil analisis XRD menzahirkan kristal pada sampel-sampel. Hablur CuO terbentuk dalam Cu30V30Al40 dengan penambahan zink oksida pada muatan logam kurang daripada 30% berat. Gabungan zink oksida dan vanadia walau bagaimanapun tidak menghasilkan hablur kompleks Zn-V, namun imbasan imej mikroskop elektron menunjukkan pembentukan struktur tetali (AS). Mangkin yang mengandungi AS menunjukkan penurunan puncak hidrogen yang lebar dalam analisis TPR. Vanadium pada muatan berat logam kurang daripada 40% berbanding komposisi zink dan kuprum juga membentuk AS kecil dan menghasilkan puncak-puncak TPR tunggal. Hasil tindak balas kajian menunjukkan komposisi optimum oksida logam apabila data ujikaji dipadankan dengan menggunakan plot permukaan respon. Mangkin yang mempunyai kandungan AS tertinggi bagaimanapun tidak berada pada puncak. Mangkin berasaskan Cu-Zn menunjukkan hasil hidrogen tertinggi bagi suhu tindak balas antara 150 oC hingga 225 oC dan mangkin yang ditambah vanadia bersama AS pula muncul sebagai mangkin optimum pada suhu lebih tinggi.

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Harun, Zawati, Khairul Nazri Yusof, Muhamad Zaini Yunos, Muhamad Fikri Shohur, and Mohd Riduan Jamalludin. "Antibacterial Polysulfone Membranes: The Effect of Eugenol and Zinc Oxide as Additives." Materials Science Forum 867 (August 2016): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.867.132.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of eugenol and zinc oxide on antibacterial properties of polysulfone membrane. Polysulfone membranes were prepared by a simple phase inversion technique with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent and polyethylene glycol as pore forming agent with zinc oxide and eugenol as additives. Membrane structure were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the effect of both additives towards the formation of dense top layer and porous bottom layer of membrane. Disc diffusion test was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E.coli). SEM result showed the formation of thin top and bottom layers with more porous structure for hydrophilic zinc oxide particle, while dense top and bottom layers with slightly smaller porous network for eugenol addition. However, accumulations of particles were found for membrane with zinc oxide at higher concentration. The synergistic effect of combination zinc oxide and eugenol on antibacterial activity against E coli was found in this study. Besides that, the inhibition ring of membrane was improved 200% when both zinc oxide and eugenol were added in polysulfone membrane, Based on the findings, we can conclude that membrane with a combination of zinc oxide and eugenol has a huge potential membrane for bacterial removal.

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Alves, Zélia, Cláudia Nunes, and Paula Ferreira. "Unravelling the Role of Synthesis Conditions on the Structure of Zinc Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofillers." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082149.

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The diversity of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles and derived composites applications is highly dependent on their structure, size, morphology, defect amounts, and/or presence of dopant molecules. In this work, ZnO nanostructures are grown in situ on graphene oxide (GO) sheets by an easily implementable solvothermal method with simultaneous reduction of GO. The effect of two zinc precursors (zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD)), NaOH concentration (0.5, 1 or 2 M), and concentration (1 and 12.5 mg/mL) and pH (pH = 1, 4, 8, and 12) of GO suspension were evaluated. While the ZnO particle morphology shows to be precursor dependent, the average particle size length decreases with lower NaOH concentration, as well as with the addition of a higher basicity and concentration of GO suspension. A lowered band gap and a higher specific surface area are obtained from the ZnO composites with higher amounts of GO suspension. Otherwise, the low concentration and the higher pH of GO suspension induce more lattice defects on the ZnO crystal structure. The role of the different condition parameters on the ZnO nanostructures and their interaction with graphene sheets was observed to tune the ZnO–rGO nanofiller properties for photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities.

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Kalaiamthi, M., A. Maheshwaran, K. Hariharan, B. Poovarasan, and P. Chandru. "Illicium Verum Mediated Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: XRD, Spectral and Microscopic Analysis." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370419.

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The Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Zinc nitrate as the precursor and extract of Illicium verum was used as the reducing and stabilizing agent. Synthesized Zinc oxide particles in nano size were characterizedby FT-IR, Ultraviolet-visible SEM & XRD techniques. The formed nanoparticles were confirmed as zinc oxide nanoparticles by UV- Visible, FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. XRD data gave the results regarding structure and size of the prepared nano-sized particles. According to the results of XRD, the size was calculated as 27.01 nm. SEM analysis results sphere and flake like shape and morphology of Zinc oxide nanoparticles.

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Chou, Kan-Sen, and Gin-Kai Liu. "Effects of excess zinc on the structure of reactively sputtered zinc oxide films." Materials Chemistry and Physics 37, no. 2 (March 1994): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(94)90086-8.

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Echigoya, Jun-ichi, Akio Segawa, Shiho Yamazaki, and Yuichiro Hayasaka. "Layered Structure of Sputter Deposited Indium Zinc Oxide Films." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials 78, no. 2 (2014): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.j2013051.

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Ainuddin, Ainun Rahmahwati, Muhammad Firdaus Hashim, and Ili Liyana Khairunnisa Kamardin. "Hydrothermal Synthesis Effect on Growth of Zinc Oxide Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.126.

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The properties and performances of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) film have made the material spread widely in several applications such as in providing energy to consumers in which it is harvest energy from the sun rays. By using hydrothermal method in order to fabricate ZnO films is one of the process that consume less energy and lower temperature compare to the other methods. In this research, the seed layer of ZnO was deposited on Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrate and heat treated at 100 °C for 10 min prior to the hydrothermal growth. Hydrothermal growth temperature was varies at 70 °C, 90 °C and 110 °C for 12 hours. The ZnO-coated FTO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The I-V characteristic of the ZnO-coated FTO films was characterized with solar simulator. The experimental results reveal that the hydrothermal growth temperature exerts a strong influence on the properties of the ZnO-coated FTO films. The effects of the hydrothermal growth temperature are discussed.

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Liew, Laura-Lynn, Gopinathan Sankar, Albertus D. Handoko, Gregory K. L. Goh, and Shinji Kohara. "Understanding the defect structure of solution grown zinc oxide." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 189 (May 2012): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2012.01.011.

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Mamat, M. H., M. Z. Sahdan, S. Amizam, H. A. Rafaie, Z. Khusaimi, A. Zain Ahmed, S. Abdullah, and M. Rusop. "Preparation and characterisation of one-dimensional zinc oxide structure." Materials Research Innovations 13, no. 3 (September 2009): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/143307509x437482.

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Lee, Wen-Jay, Jee-Gong Chang, Shin-Pon Ju, Meng-Hsiung Weng, and Chia-Hung Lee. "Structure-dependent mechanical properties of ultrathin zinc oxide nanowires." Nanoscale Research Letters 6, no. 1 (2011): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-6-352.

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Konishi, Ryōsuke, Masato Arioka, and Hiroshi Sasakura. "Extended Appearance Potential Fine Structure Analysis of Zinc Oxide." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28, Part 1, No. 10 (October 20, 1989): 2042–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.28.2042.

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Staunton, Edward, Alasdair M. Christie, Isabelle Martin-Litas, Yuri G. Andreev, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and Peter G. Bruce. "Structure of the Poly(ethylene oxide)–Zinc Chloride Complex." Angewandte Chemie 116, no. 16 (April 13, 2004): 2155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200353143.

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Staunton, Edward, Alasdair M. Christie, Isabelle Martin-Litas, Yuri G. Andreev, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and Peter G. Bruce. "Structure of the Poly(ethylene oxide)–Zinc Chloride Complex." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43, no. 16 (April 13, 2004): 2103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200353143.

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Jitianu, Mihaela, and Dan V. Goia. "Zinc oxide colloids with controlled size, shape, and structure." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 309, no. 1 (May 2007): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.020.

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Kshirsagar, Sachin D., V. V. Nikesh, and Shailaja Mahamuni. "Exciton structure in sodium doped zinc oxide quantum dots." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 5 (July 31, 2006): 053120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2222334.

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48

Sharmila, D. J., J. Brijitta, and R. Sampathkumar. "Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene based Composite using Zinc Oxide Nanorods Filler." Journal of Surface Science and Technology 33, no. 3-4 (November 3, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jsst/2017/16187.

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<p>Polypropylene and zinc oxide nanorods composites were prepared by combination of solution and mixture melting methods. Dielectric properties of the composite thin films were studied to see if zinc oxide nanorods have effect on the dielectric properties of polypropylene thin film. Introduction of zinc oxide nanorods at low filler content in the polypropylene matrix significantly improves the dielectric constant of the matrix. Simultaneously the structure of the composites was characterized by UV, XRD and SEM to understand the features in the structure that determine the functionality of the material. Composites with different weight percentage of zinc oxide nanorods show better absorption in the UV region compared to polypropylene matrix. This is due to the inherent capability of nano zinc oxide to absorb in the UV region. X-ray diffraction pattern of nanocomposites show sharp and highly intense peaks whereas neat polypropylene shows less intense peaks. This may due to the development of crystallinity in the polymer. Uniform distribution of zinc oxide which have a width of around 160-200 nm is observed in the SEM photographs of composites.</p>

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ARIYANTO, NUGROHO P., H. ABDULLAH, J. SYARIF, BRIAN YULIARTO, and SAHBUDDIN SHAARI. "FABRICATION OF ZINC OXIDE-BASED DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION." Functional Materials Letters 03, no. 04 (December 2010): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604710001457.

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Zinc oxide film has been fabricated by converting flower-like structure of zinc carbonate hydroxide made by chemical bath deposition technique. Flower-like structure is employed as charge transport network of dye-sensitized photoanode. Analysis of current density–voltage characteristic shows deposition temperature and deposition time of chemical bath deposition influence photovoltaic performance. Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals short electron lifetime and high effective electron diffusion coefficient of zinc oxide-based dye-sensitized solar cell.

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Ramamurthy, Siva Kumar, and Chenchugari Sridhar. "PARTHENIUM MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i1.29550.

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Objective: To biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles by using parthenium hysterophorous plant extract as a reducing agent and its characterization by spectroscopic techniques.Methods: A novel method was developed to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles by using zinc nitrate as a precursor and biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was mediated by parthenium hysterophorous plant extract without the aid of external energy (high pressure and temperature). This new method involves simple techniques such as centrifugation, filtration, and stirring. Zinc oxide nanoparticles formation was confirmed by analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using parthenium hysterophorous plant extract as a reducing agent. The XRD measurement showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles possess a typical hexagonal structure and the crystallite size of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was found to be 32 nm calculated by scherrer’s formula. The SEM images show agglomeration of zinc oxide nanoparticles that are spherical clusters. The maximum absorbance (380 nm) of UV-Visible spectroscopy further confirmed synthesized nanoparticles are zinc oxide. The Raman spectra show both E2 mode and E1 mode, which indicates that the prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles possess crystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure.Conclusion: A method was established to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles with parthenium hysterophorous plant extract which is a novel approach without the aid of external energy (high pressure and temperature), and formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. This method can be used in pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of an antimicrobial agent.

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