Academic literature on the topic 'Zinc Sources'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zinc Sources"
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J.S, DASALKAR, RUDRAKSHA G.B, LAWAND B.T, and RACHEWAD S.N. "RESPONSE OF SORGHUM-WHEAT ROTATION TO DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ZINC IN VERTISOL." Madras Agricultural Journal 81, Augest (1994): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01548.
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A field experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of different sources of zinc in sorghum-wheat crop rotation on calcareous vertisol of Parbhani. Zinc application 4kg Zn/ha through zincated superphosphate proved its superiority over other zine sources in producing grain and fodder yield of sorghum. Among the zine snurces, the residual effect of zincated superphosphate was significantly higher in producing grain and straw yield of wheat followed by farm yard manure and zinc sulphate. Zinc application @ 4kg Za/ha through different Zinc sources significantly increased uptake of Zn.N and P by wheat crop. Highest uptake of nutrients was recorded with zincated superphosphate in both the crop.
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SEKARAN, SRI RAMACHANDRA, and MATHAN K.K. "DIRECT AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ZINC SOURCES ON UPTAKE OF Zn AND YIELD IN PADDY-PULSE ROTATION." Madras Agricultural Journal 78, March Augest (1991): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01844.
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Direct and residual effect of different zinc sources (Zinc sulphate, Zincated urea and Zincated suphala) in rice-pulse-rotation was evaluated. Crop yield, concentration and uptake of zine was high in plots where Zn was applied as zincated urea alone and in combination with zincated suphala. Residual effect on the pod yield of green gram was also found. Residual effect on the zinc uptake both by pod and haulms was not much influenced by zinc sources. None of the zine sources could provide DTPA Zn of 2 ppm (critical limit) after greengram crop in order to raise the third crop
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Wedekind, K. J., and D. H. Baker. "Zinc bioavailability in feed-grade sources of zinc." Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 3 (1990): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1990.683684x.
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Fatma Tugce Senberber Dumanli, Fatma Tugce Senberber Dumanli, Azmi Seyhun Kipcak Azmi Seyhun Kipcak, and Duygu Sena Vardar and Nurcan Tugrul Duygu Sena Vardar and Nurcan Tugrul. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Borates: Effect of Boron Sources." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 6 (2020): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000703.
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Sonochemistry meaning ultrasound-assisted chemistry plays an important role in the synthesis of inorganic compounds. Among these inorganic compounds, zinc borates are used for the flame-retarding agent. In this study using zinc chloride (ZnCl2), boric acid (H3BO3), Na2B4O7and#183;10H2O, Na2B4O7and#183;5H2O and NaOH as raw materials, a zinc borate compound in the formulae of Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O was obtained using an ultrasonic probe. Crystal structures of samples were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The symmetric and asymmetric stretching between boron and oxygen atoms were searched by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies. The effects of boron sources on sample morphology were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the results, it was seen that Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O can easily be produced from these raw materials with the synthesis parameters of 80-90and#176;C and 40-55 min. From the SEM results, it was seen that the minimum particle size obtained was 172 nm. Reaction efficiencies were calculated between 79.6 and 94.0 and#177; 0.5%. Thermal feature of the obtained pure phase, investigated with the thermogravimetric analyses. The dehydration of the synthesized Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O was seen between 262 and 413and#176;C with a total mass loss of 13.25%.
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Fatma Tugce Senberber Dumanli, Fatma Tugce Senberber Dumanli, Azmi Seyhun Kipcak Azmi Seyhun Kipcak, and Duygu Sena Vardar and Nurcan Tugrul Duygu Sena Vardar and Nurcan Tugrul. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Borates: Effect of Boron Sources." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 6 (2020): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000703/jcsp/42.06.2020.
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Sonochemistry meaning ultrasound-assisted chemistry plays an important role in the synthesis of inorganic compounds. Among these inorganic compounds, zinc borates are used for the flame-retarding agent. In this study using zinc chloride (ZnCl2), boric acid (H3BO3), Na2B4O7and#183;10H2O, Na2B4O7and#183;5H2O and NaOH as raw materials, a zinc borate compound in the formulae of Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O was obtained using an ultrasonic probe. Crystal structures of samples were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The symmetric and asymmetric stretching between boron and oxygen atoms were searched by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies. The effects of boron sources on sample morphology were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the results, it was seen that Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O can easily be produced from these raw materials with the synthesis parameters of 80-90and#176;C and 40-55 min. From the SEM results, it was seen that the minimum particle size obtained was 172 nm. Reaction efficiencies were calculated between 79.6 and 94.0 and#177; 0.5%. Thermal feature of the obtained pure phase, investigated with the thermogravimetric analyses. The dehydration of the synthesized Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O was seen between 262 and 413and#176;C with a total mass loss of 13.25%.
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Edwards, H. M., and D. H. Baker. "Bioavailability of zinc in several sources of zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, and zinc metal." Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 10 (1999): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1999.77102730x.
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Maage, Amund, Kaare Julshamn, and Gerd Eikeland Berge. "Zinc gluconate and zinc sulphate as dietary zinc sources for Atlantic salmon." Aquaculture Nutrition 7, no. 3 (2001): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2001.00170.x.
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Ma, H. Z., Y. B. Dang, Y. N. Wang, et al. "Iron oxide synergistic vacuum carbothermal extraction of zinc from zinc sulfide." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, no. 00 (2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb231212024m.
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To reduce the issues of high pollutant emissions and lengthy processes in extracting zinc from zinc sulfide ore, a new technical approach is proposed that involves the synergistic use of iron oxide and vacuum carbothermal reduction to extract zinc from zinc sulfide ore. The iron oxide is sourced from high-iron-content metallurgical residue. Under vacuum conditions, carbon reduces iron oxide to metallic iron, which then displaces zinc in sulfide to produce zinc vapor. The zinc vapor is finally condensed to obtain metallic zinc. This study investigates the extraction of zinc from zinc sulfide under vacuum conditions using iron powder, pure iron oxide powder, and iron oxide from roasted cyanide tailings as iron sources. The main factors examined were reduction temperature and holding time on zinc volatilization rate. The results show that at a molar ratio of nFe:nZn=1.1:1, a temperature of 1000?C, and an initial furnace pressure of 10 Pa, iron powder, pure iron oxide powder, and iron oxide from roasted cyanide tailings can all achieve a zinc volatilization rate of over 99% from zinc sulfide. Different iron sources react with zinc sulfide to form FeS, and no sulfur-containing gases are produced in the zinc extraction process.
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Alenzy, Ahmed F. M., and Akram A. H. Al-Hadethi. "Kinetics of Nano-zinc Oxide in Desert Calcareous Soils." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 1 (2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.1.nq22264.
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A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the kinetics reaction of zinc added to calcareous soils from different fertilizer sources and extracted by DTPA solution. Where two types of fertilizers were added, the first, nano-zinc fertilizers in the form of nano-metallic zinc oxide (ZnnO), nano-chelated zinc (ZnnDTPA), and nano-zinc humate (ZnnHA), while the second type was the same fertilizer sources, but in their regular form (ZnO, ZnDTPA and ZnHA). All of them were added at a concentration of 100 mg kg-1 and the nano and regular zinc sources were incubated after they were added to the soil to know their physical and chemical behavior during different incubation periods of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 160 days, with two replications for each incubation period. After the end of each period, zinc was extracted by DTPA, and the data of extracted zinc were subjected to five kinetic equations to reach the best equation describing the behavior of zinc release. The results showed a rapid decrease in the concentration of zinc extracted at the incubation period of 0 days for all fertilizer sources and the continuation of the decrease in concentration with the length of the incubation period gradually until the end of the period after 160 days. The percentage of decrease in nano-zinc fertilizer was less than that of regular fertilizers. The ZnnDTPA chelated zinc source was superior among the regular and nano fertilizer in giving the highest concentration of zinc throughout the incubation period. The second-order equation was the most efficient in describing the behavior and reaction of zinc kinetics in soil from its different sources. The behavior and kinetics reaction of zinc in soil from its different sources.
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Tüzün, Ahmet Engin, Osman Olgun, and Alp Önder Yildiz. "The Effect of High-Level Dietary Supplementation with Different Zinc Sources on Performance, Eggshell Quality and Bone Characteristics in Layer Quails." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (2018): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0026.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with high levels of inorganic, organic or nano sources of two high-level zinc diets (200 and 300 mg/kg) on performance, eggshell quality and mineral content of bone in layer quails. The experiment had a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Egg production and the zinc content of tibia were significantly increased in the present experiment. Compared with zinc oxide supplementation, zinc-glycine supplementation increased zinc concentration in the tibia. The interactions between the sources and levels of zinc were a significant effect on egg production, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell weight and tibia zinc level. The highest eggshell breaking strength and eggshell weight were observed in the group was fed with diet including zinc-glycine at 300 mg/kg. These results suggested that zinc-glycine supplementation positively effects eggshell quality parameters and tibia zinc concentration when compared with other sources used in this experiment. Additionally, the supplementation layer quail diets with zinc-glycine rather than nanoparticulate sources of zinc could be recommended for optimum performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zinc Sources"
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Berry, Patrick A. "Versatile Chromium-Doped Zinc Selenide Infrared Laser Sources." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1271776256.
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Lowe, John. "An evaluation of supplemental dietary zinc sources in the dog." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389473.
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Wright, Cody LeForge. "Evaluation of Absorption and Post-Absorptive Metabolism of Inorganic and Organic Zinc Sources." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010302-152709.
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<p>A series of experiments was conducted to examine the absorption and post-absorptive metabolism of zinc (Zn) from inorganic and organic sources. Results of an in vivo experiment, using Holstein bull calves as models, suggested that, when Zn was supplemented at 20 mg Zn/kg DM for 98 d, Zn source had minimal impact on plasma or tissue Zn concentrations. However, when Zn was supplemented at 500 mg Zn/kg DM for 12 d, plasma and tissue Zn concentrations were greater in bulls that received Zn proteinate (ZnProt) than in those that received ZnSO and Ca only, uptake and transport of Zn from inorganic and organic Zn sources were similar. However, when added at high concentration in the presence of dietary antagonists, Zn uptake from organic sources appeared to be greater than from inorganic sources. Further research is certainly warranted to more clearly define differences in Zn absorption that may exist between inorganic and organic Zn sources at different dietary levels.<P>
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Carvalho, Bruno Reis. "Nutritional requirements and bioavailability of different sources of zinc and manganese for broilers." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22132.
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-04<br>Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar a exigência de zinco (Zn) e manganês (Mn) para frangos de corte a partir de fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas, bem como sua biodisponibilidade relativa (BDR). Em cada ensaio 510 frangos de corte Cobb machos foram utilizados. Os animais foram criados segundo manual da linhagem de 1 a 7 dias recebendo 50% de suplementação do mineral testado, em uma dieta com reduzido teor de microminerais. Aos 8 dias 10 animais foram abatidos para verificar a deposição mineral ao início do experimento. Os demais animais foram pesados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em gaiolas plásticas nos 10 tratamentos com 10 repetições de 5 animais. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 5 níveis de suplementação dos microminerais testados (0, 19, 38, 57 e 76 mg/kg de Zn no primeiro experimento e 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mg/kg de Mn no segundo), fornecidos em um suplemento orgânico ou inorgânico, onde os demais minerais foram fornecidos em quantidade suficiente para atender sua exigência. As dietas utilizadas foram semi purificadas para reduzir o teor de microminerais em níveis mínimos. Aos 13 dias bandejas recobertas com lonas plásticas foram instaladas para coleta de excretas. Aos 16 (Zn) e aos 17 dias (Mn) dias, animais e rações foram pesados para determinação do peso final, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. Aos 17 dias no experimento de Zn e aos 18 dias no de Mn uma ave por gaiola foi abatida para determinação de minerais no fígado. Os resultados para o experimento de Zn indicam que a exigência para maior desempenho é de 70 mg de Zn/kg de ganho para suplementação inorgânica, podendo ser reduzido para 63 mg de Zn/kg de ganho na suplementação com minerais orgânicos. Foi observada maior retenção de Zn com 62 mg/kg de Zn inorgânico ou 79 mg/kg de Zn orgânico. Interações na retenção de Mn e Fe foram observadas no fornecimento de Zn na forma inorgânico, bem como na deposição de Mn e Fe no fígado quando fontes orgânicas foram fornecidas. A BDR do Zn orgânico foi estimada em 125% do Zn inorgânico. Para Mn, a exigência com base no desempenho, pode ser estimada em 166 mg Mn/kg de ganho de peso para o fornecimento de Mn inorgânico e 95 mg Mn/kg de Mn orgânico. A maior retenção de Mn foi obtida com 68,8 e de 84,6 mg/kg de Mn para as fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas, sendo a BDR de 100%.<br>Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) requirements for broilers from organic and inorganic sources, as well as the relative bioavailability of these sources. In each trial 510 male Cobb broilers were used. The animals were raised according to strain guidelines from 1 to 7 days receiving 50% supplementation from the tested mineral in a diet with reduced content of traceminerals. At 8 days 10 animals were slaughtered to verify the mineral deposition at the beginning of the experiment. The other animals were weighed and randomly distributed in plastic cages in 10 treatments with 10 replicates of 5 animals each. The treatments consisted of 5 levels of traceminerals tested (0, 19, 38, 57 and 76 mg/kg of Zn in the first experiment and 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg of Mn in the second), provided in an organic or inorganic supplement, where the other minerals were supplied to meet the requirement. The diets used were semi purified to reduce the content of traceminerals to low levels. At 13 days, trays covered with plastic were installed for excreta collection. At 16 days in the Zn experiment and 17 days in the Mn experiment the animals and feds were weighed to determine the final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio. At 17 days in the Zn experiment and 18 days in the Mn experiment a bird in each cage were slaughtered for determination of minerals in the liver. The results for the Zn experiment indicate that the requirement for higher performance is 70 mg Zn/kg of weight gain (WG) for inorganic supplementation, which can be reduced to 63 mg Zn/kg of WG in organic mineral supplementation. Higher Zn retention was observed when 62 mg/kg of Zn was supplied in inorganic form or 79 mg/kg of organic Zn. Interactions in Mn and iron retention have been observed in supply of inorganic Zn as well as in the deposition of Mn and iron in the liver when organic sources are provided. The relative bioavailability of the organic Zn was estimated to be 125% of the inorganic Zn. For Mn, the requirement determined based on the performance parameters is 166 mg Mn/kg of WG for the Mn supply in the inorganic form and 95mg Mn/kg WG in the organic form. The highest retention of Mn was obtained with the supply of 68.8 and 84.6 mg/kg of Mn in the diet for organic and inorganic sources, with a relative bioavailability estimated at 100%.
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Schell, Timothy C. "Supplementing weanling pigs with high concentrations of Zn and the Zn availability of Zn sources for weanling pigs." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192008-063113/.
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Meerkotter, Marÿke. "Sources of heavy metals in vegetables in Cape Town and possible methods of remediation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1721.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Cape Town includes two vegetable farming areas within the city limits, the Joostenbergvlakte/Kraaifontein area and the Philippi area. Both areas supply produce to local markets and further afield. Sporadically, high levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc have been found to occur in some of the soils, irrigation water resources and crops. To find the sources of specifically Cd, Pb and Zn to these agricultural systems, extensive analysis of several heavy metals in inputs such as fertilizers, agrochemicals and supplementary water resources to these farming areas was undertaken. Heavy metal concentrations in soils, irrigation water resources and crops were also determined. Two mitigation techniques that could be used to remediate Cd, Pb and Zn contamination were investigated. The first mitigation method included immobilization of heavy metals as phosphate complexes by using a triple super phosphate fertilizer, while the second method involved mobilisation and thus leaching of heavy metals away from plant roots using EDTA. These mitigation methods were tested in a pot experiment using cabbage as the experimental crop and soil from these areas as growth medium. A survey of common farming practices in these two areas and farmers willingness to use remediation methods was conducted.<br>South Africa
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Cortinhas, Cristina Simões. "Fornecimento de zinco, cobre e selênio orgânicos para vacas leiteiras e efeitos sobre a qualidade do leite e saúde da glândula mamária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-16072009-112611/.
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Os objetivos gerais deste estudo foram avaliar o efeito suplementação de zinco (Zn), cobre (Cu) e selênio (Se) orgânicos para vacas leiteiras e os seus efeitos sobre a qualidade do leite, saúde da glândula mamária e consumo de alimentos. Os objetivos específicos foram avaliar: a contagem de células somáticas (CCS), a prevalência de mastite clínica e subclínica,a produção e composição de leite nos 80 primeiros dias de lactação; monitorar a atividade enzimática de superóxido dismutase (CuZnSOD), glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px) e ceruloplasmina (CP); o consumo de alimentos; a concentração plasmática de Zn, Cu e Se; e as variações de peso e escore dos animais. Dezenove vacas leiteiras, com prenhez confirmada, foram selecionadas por peso, escore de condição corporal (ECC), número de lactações e produção de leite da lactação anterior, e distribuídas ao acaso em dois grupos para receber fontes de Zn, Cu e Se orgânica (n=9) ou inorgânica (n=10). As dietas foram formuladas para suprir os requerimentos nutricionais dos animais dos 60 dias antes da data prevista do parto aos 80 dias de lactação. Amostras dos alimentos fornecidos e das sobras foram coletadas diariamente para posterior análise de composição. O leite foi coletado semanalmente a partir da 3ª semana de lactação para determinação da composição e CCS, e nos dias 1 e 7 de lactação, e quando diagnosticados casos clínicos de mastite, para cultura microbiológica. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas aos -60, -21, 1, 21, 40 e 80 dias do período experimental para análises da concentração de CuZnSOD, GSH-Px e CP. Para determinação das concentrações plasmáticas de Zn, Cu e Se amostras de sangue foram coletas aos 60 dias antes da data prevista de parto, e no 1º, 40º e 80º dias de lactação. Avaliações do escore de condição corporal (ECC) e do peso corporal (PC) foram realizadas no início e final do experimento, no parto, e uma vez por semana durante todo o período experimental. A incidência (novos casos)e o total de casos de mastite subclínica foi menor para o grupo de vacas alimentadas com fontes orgânicas de Zn, Cu e Se em comparação com os animais que receberam fontes inorgânicas. A CCS durante os primeiros 80 dias de lactação foi menor (P = 0,056) para o grupo alimentado com Zn, Cu e Se orgânicos. Não foram observados efeitos de fontes orgânicas de Zn, Cu e Se sobre as concentrações de CuZnSOD , GSH-Px e CP, Zn, Cu e Se plasmáticos, produção e composição de leite, consumo de nutrientes, ECC, mudança de ECC e PC. Foi observado efeito (P=0,024) da fonte sobre a mudança de PC.<br>The general objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect organic zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) supplementationto dairy cows on milk quality, mammary gland health and feed intake. The specific objectives were to evaluate: the somatic cell count (SCC), clinical and subclinical mastitis prevalence, milk production and composition during the first 80 days of lactation; the superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and ceruloplasmin (CP) enzyme activity; the nutrients intake; Zn, Cu and Se plasmatic concentrations; changes in weight and body condition score. Nineteen dairy cows, with confirmed pregnancy, were selected by body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), number of lactation, and milk yield in previous lactation, and randomly distributed among two groups to receive organic (n=9) or inorganic (n=10) sources of Zn, Cu and Se. The diets were formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of animals from 60 days before the expected date of calving up to 80 days of lactation. Every day, food samples and leftovers were collected for composition analysis. Milk samples was collected weekly after 15 days of lactation to determine the composition and CCS, on days 1 and 7 of lactation, and when a mastitis clinical case was diagnosed for microbiological culture. Blood samples were collected on -60, -21, 1, 21, 40 and 80 days of the experimental period for CuZnSOD, GSH-Px, and CP analysis. For plasma concentrations of Zn, Cu and Se blood samples were collected at 60 days before calving, and at 1st, 40th and 80th days of lactation. Assessments of body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) were performed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the day of calving, and once a week throughout the experimental period. The incidence (new cases) and total number of subclinical mastitis cases was lower for the group of cows fed organic Zn, Cu and Se in comparison with animals that received the inorganic sources. The SCC during the first 80 days of lactation was lower (P = 0,056) for the group fed organic Zn, Cu and Se. There were no effects of Zn, Cu and Se organic supply on concentrations of CuZnSOD, GSH-Px and CP, Zn, Cu and Se plasma, production and composition of milk, consumption of nutrients, BW, BCS and changes on BCS. It was observed effect of source on BW changes (P=0,024).
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Le, pape Pierre. "Etude de la dynamique, des sources et de la spéciation des éléments tracés dans le bassin versant de l’orge (Essonne, France)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112330/document.
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Ce travail a pour but d’étudier la dynamique des éléments traces (ETs) dans la colonne d’eau d’une rivière anthropisée : l’Orge. La partie amont du bassin versant draine en majorité des terrains boisés et des terres agricoles, et vers l’aval, des zones urbanisées de plus en plus denses jusqu’à son exutoire dans la Seine, au sud de Paris. Quatre campagnes de prélèvements ont été effectuées le long de l’Orge suivant une année hydrologique (2010/2011). Le suivi spatio-temporel des concentrations dans la phase dissoute (< 0,45 µm) et dans les matières en suspension (MES) a été associé à des outils de traçage isotopique (δ34S [SO42-], 206Pb/207Pb) pour comprendre la dynamique de la partition des ETs ainsi que pour caractériser leurs sources en rivière sous pression urbaine. Une caractérisation fine de la spéciation solide du zinc, contaminant inorganique majeur en rivière dans ce bassin versant a été effectuée en couplant diffraction des rayons X, microscopie électronique à balayage et à transmission associée à la microanalyse, et spectroscopie d’absorption des rayons X sous rayonnement synchrotron. Les résultats géochimiques caractérisent les rejets de ruissellement et les rejets liés à l’assainissement comme des sources majeures d’ETs en rivière. Les résultats des analyses isotopiques ont permis de créer un indicateur de la pression anthropique en rivière, traçant à la fois les compartiments dissous et particulaire, tout en tenant compte des paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux et de l’hydrodynamisme. L’analyse de la spéciation solide du zinc dans les MES a permis d’identifier les phases porteuses principales de cet élément comme étant les oxyhydroxydes de fer et manganèse à composante phosphatée, la calcite, les phases argileuses et la silice amorphe. La microscopie confirme l’existence de ces phases ainsi que l’existence de phases porteuses accessoires dans la colonne d’eau oxygénée, notamment des sulfures. Plus généralement, l’ensemble de ces investigations a permis de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement des cycles biogéochimiques des ETs en rivière urbanisée, et offre de nouvelles perspectives de recherche encore largement sous exploitées grâce à l’analyse conjointe de la spéciation et de l’isotopie des métaux<br>The aim of this work is to study the dynamics of trace elements (TE) in the water column of the Orge River. In the upstream part of the watershed, land uses consist mainly in forests and agricultural soils, whereas downstream, the population density reaches up to 8,000 inh. km-2, in the suburbs of Paris Megacity. The sampling sites were chosen to describe a gradation in urbanization influence from up to downstream in this particularly contrasted catchment. Four sampling campaigns were performed at seven selected sites along the Orge River during an hydrological year (2010/2011). The spatio-temporal monitoring of the concentrations in the dissolved phase (< 0.45 µm) and in suspended particulate matter (SPM) was associated to isotopic tools (δ34S [SO42-], 206Pb/207Pb) to understand both the dynamics of TE partition and the sources of contamination. Speciation of zinc was investigated as it is the main inorganic contaminant in the Orge River catchment, using X-ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy coupled to microanalysis, and synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy. Results of geochemical analyses showed that runoff and sewer releases are major sources of contamination in river. Results from isotopic measurements allow to build a hydro-geochemical indicator of anthropogenic pressure in river which considers both physico-chemistry and hydrodynamics, by tracing simultaneously dissolved and particulate compartments. The investigation of zinc speciation permits to identify iron and manganese oxyhydroxydes, calcite, clays and amorphous silica as main bearing phases for this element. Microscopy results confirmed the existence of such phases in river and allowed the identification of secondary zinc bearing phases as sulfides, “surprisingly” present in the oxic water column. At last, this work permitted a better understanding of biogeochemical cycling of TE in urbanized rivers, and to explore new research schemes by coupling speciation and isotopic measurements for specific elements
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Carpenter, Corey Blaine. "Effects of increasing copper and zinc from two different sources and space allowance on nursery and finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35473.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Animal Sciences and Industry<br>Joel M. DeRouchey<br>Five experiments using a total of 4,470 pigs were used to determine the effects of dietary Cu and Zn source and finishing pig space allowance. Experiment 1 evaluated increasing dietary Zn from Zn hydroxychloride or ZnSO₄ for finishing pigs. Increasing dietary Zn up to 100 mg/kg Zn maximized ADG and HCW with the greatest response observed during the last 37 d period when ractopamine was included in the diet. Pigs fed diets with Zn hydroxychloride had greater HCW compared to those fed ZnSO₄. Experiment 2 evaluated increasing dietary Cu from either CuSO₄ or a 50:50 blend of CuSO₄:Cu-AA for finishing pigs. Pigs fed Cu from CuSO₄ alone consumed more feed and tended to have poorer feed efficiency than those fed a 50:50 blend of Cu from CuSO4:Cu-AA. Pigs fed a 50:50 blend of CuSO4:Cu-AA had improved HCW G:F but ADG was unchanged on a live and HCW basis. Experiments 3 and 4 evaluated increasing dietary Cu from tri-basic copper chloride or a Cu-chelate for nursery pigs. In Exp. 3, increasing Cu from Cu-chelate to 150 mg/kg Cu increased ADG and ending BW. Increasing Cu to 150 mg/kg Cu increased ADFI and improved G:F. Pigs fed Cu from Cu-chelate had greater ADG, ADFI and ending BW than those fed Cu from tri-basic copper chloride. In Exp. 4, increasing Cu to 225 mg/kg Cu increased ADG and ending BW. Because ADFI was unchanged, G:F tended to be improved as Cu level increased. There were no differences detected between Cu sources for growth performance. Experiment 5 was conducted to determine the effects of increasing space allowance by pig removal or gate adjustment during the finishing period. Pigs provided 0.91 m² had increased ADG compared with those allowed 0.63 m² with pigs from pens provided increased space intermediate. Pigs provided 0.91 m² had increased ADFI compared with pigs allowed 0.63 m² and those where a pig was removed; however, pigs from pens where the gate was adjusted were intermediate. As pigs grew to the minimum predicted space requirement and were subsequently allowed more space, performance was greater than those initially provided 0.61 m² but less than those allowed 0.91 m².
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Schlegel, Patrick. "Facteurs de variation de la biodisponibilité du zinc, ajouté sous forme organique ou inorganique, chez deux espèces monogastriques en croissance (poulet et porcelet)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00536407.
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Le zinc est un élément essentiel, un métal polluant et une ressource non renouvelable. Les phytates sont identifiés comme facteur alimentaire principal qui limite la biodisponibilité du Zn chez le monogastrique. Le Zn sous forme organique (DZNO) est supposé moins interagir avec les phytates que celui de forme inorganique (DZNI). La biodisponibilité du Zn alimentaire a été étudiée en fonction des phytates chez le rat, le poulet et le porcelet pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes liés à cette interaction. Les expériences in vivo et les méta-analyses ont permis de mettre en évidence que : 1) L'absorption de DZNO est améliorée par rapport à DZNI, en présence de phytate de sodium qui suggère une protection, de DZNO contre cet antagoniste. 2) La biodisponibilité de DZNO n'est pas améliorée par rapport à DZNI chez le poulet et le porc nourri avec des aliments contenant des phytates d'origine végétale. L'antagonisme des phytates végétales agit sur le Zn natif seulement. 3) L'antagonisme des phytates végétales sur la biodisponibilité du Zn est plus prononcé chez le porc que chez le poulet. Contrairement au porc, le pH gastrique faible chez le poulet serait capable de valoriser le Zn natif, initialement lié aux phytates. 4) Pour une supplémentation optimale du Zn chez le porc, nous suggérons, en plus de la teneur en Zn native, la prise en compte d'une nouvelle variable " P phytique non hydrolysé ". Celle-ci tient compte de l'activité phytasique végétale et microbienne de l'aliment. La supplémentation en Zn peut ainsi être adaptée en fonction du potentiel antagoniste des phytates non hydrolysées. La capacité naturelle du poulet à valoriser le zinc natif limite la marge de progrès.
Books on the topic "Zinc Sources"
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Phillips, Glenn R. Evaluation of sources and toxicity of copper and zinc in the Boulder River drainage, Jefferson County, 1985. Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1986.
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Scragg, Jonathan J. Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Thin Films for Photovoltaics: Synthesis and Characterisation by Electrochemical Methods. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards and Engineering Division, ed. Zinc/zinc oxide preliminary source assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1987.
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Schaumloffel, John Clinton. Sediments contaminated by mining and smelting activiites as sources of zinc, cadmium, lead and arsenic in Lake Coeur d'Alene and Lake Roosevelt. Dept. of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1996.
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R, Cole E. Nonferrous waste as a source of zinc for electrogalvanizing. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.
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United States. Bureau of Mines. Nonferrous Waste as A Source of Zinc For Electrogalvanizing. s.n, 1987.
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Duane, M. J. Pb and Sr isotopic characteristics of Proterozoic Pb-Zn and Au deposits, Transvaal sequence, South Africa: Suggestions for their source areas and genesis. University of the Witwatersrand, 1988.
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Freedman, Jenna. Shared authority: Zine Union Catalog for beginners. The creators, 2017.
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Dave, Stimson, and Miller Steve, eds. Touch and go: The complete hardcore punk zine '79-'83. Bazillion Points, 2010.
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Rojas, Luis X. Relative bioavailability of different organic and inorganic zinc and copper sources in ruminants and rats. 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Zinc Sources"
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Gallaher, Daniel D., Cynthia M. Gallaher, Stephanie Shulman, Andrea McElhome, Kyle A. Brokken, and Gerry Shurson. "Bioavailability of Different Sources of Protected Zinc." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_84.
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Wilkinson, Jamie J. "The Potential of Zn Isotopes in the Science and Exploration of Ore Deposits." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_15.
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AbstractSince the turn of the Century, the growth in development and application of zinc isotopes to multiple fields in terrestrial and planetary sciences has been exponential. The potential for the application of zinc isotope systematics to ore deposit formation processes was obvious from the outset, given that they represent the most significant concentrations of zinc on Earth and because this approach allowed, for the first time, direct assessment of zinc metal origins and transport. This contribution presents a brief summary of the notation and analytical procedures for analysis of zinc isotopes and summarizes the terrestrial data reported to date. These results show that the variation in zinc isotope composition in rocks and ore systems is in fact rather small (< 2 ‰), linked, at least in part, to the single oxidation state in which zinc occurs in nature. Based on an assessment of the literature, the principal mechanisms for causing isotopic fractionation are all relatively low temperature processes: (i) biogenic; (ii) supergene dissolution-reprecipitation; (iii) adsorption–desorption reactions; and (iv) hydrothermal precipitation. High temperature igneous processes do not appear to produce significant isotopic variations. In ore deposit studies, it currently appears unlikely that zinc isotopes can be used to constrain potential metal sources, apart from zinc derived from carbonate host rocks which tends to be isotopically heavy. However, there are a number of systems in which systematic variation in δ66Zn of sulfides suggests that Rayleigh-type fractionation during ore mineral precipitation occurs, opening up the possibility of using zinc isotopes to trace flow paths and vector in towards mineralized centers. Modeling of such hydrothermal processes is currently hindered by a paucity of experimentally-determined fractionation factors, but as such work is done, our ability to better understand and utilize zinc isotopic zonation patterns for the purposes of mineral exploration will be progressively enhanced.
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Ammerman, C. B., M. Sandoval, P. R. Henry, R. C. Littell, and R. D. Miles. "Tissue Zinc Uptake as a Measure of the Relative Bioavailability of Supplemental Zinc Sources For Domestic Animals." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_82.
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Ilcin, Mustafa, and Ali Satar. "The Importance of Orthoptera Insects in Agricultural Fields and Their Investigation As an Alternative Protein Source." In Alternative Protein Sources. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359289.4.
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Orthoptera is an order of insects that includes grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, and locusts. These insects are characterized by their large hind legs, adapted for jumping, and their ability to produce sound (stridulation) by rubbing certain body parts together. Certain species of grasshoppers can undergo a phase change to become locusts, forming large swarms that can travel great distances and cause significant agricultural damage. The sound produced by crickets and katydids is species-specific and is used to attract mates. Each species has a unique song. Many Orthopterans have evolved to blend into their surroundings to avoid predators. Some resemble leaves, sticks, or even bird droppings. While many Orthopterans are beneficial as they help in controlling weed growth, some, particularly locusts, can be major agricultural pests. Grasshoppers are increasingly recognized as a sustainable and nutritious protein source. Here are some key points regarding the protein content and nutritional benefits of grasshoppers, grasshoppers typically have a high protein content, ranging from 60-70% of their dry weight. This is comparable to or even higher than traditional protein sources such as beef and chicken. The protein from grasshoppers contains all essential amino acids required by the human body, making it a complete protein source. Besides protein, grasshoppers are rich in important micronutrients, including vitamins (such as B vitamins) and minerals (like iron, zinc, and magnesium). They have a low carbohydrate content, which can be beneficial for those on low-carb diets. Grasshoppers contain chitin, a form of dietary fiber that can aid in digestion. Farming grasshoppers requires significantly less land, water, and feed compared to traditional livestock. They also produce fewer greenhouse gases. Grasshoppers have a high feed conversion efficiency, meaning they convert feed into body mass more effectively than traditional livestock. Grasshoppers can be roasted, fried, or boiled and eaten whole, often seasoned for flavor. They can be ground into a powder and used as a protein supplement in various foods, such as smoothies, protein bars, and baked goods. Grasshopper flour can be used as a high-protein, gluten-free alternative in cooking and baking. It’s important to ensure that grasshoppers are sourced from safe and controlled environments to avoid contamination and pesticide exposure. Proper cooking is necessary to kill any potential pathogens and make the grasshoppers safe for consumption. In many cultures around the world, especially in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, grasshoppers are a traditional food source and are commonly consumed. With the growing interest in sustainable and alternative protein sources, grasshoppers are gaining acceptance in Western countries as well. In summary, grasshoppers offer a highly nutritious and environmentally sustainable protein source. They can be incorporated into various diets and culinary practices, providing a valuable alternative to traditional animal proteins.
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Henriques, G. S., L. F. C. Pedrosa, E. L. Dantas, J. M. de Moura, C. L. Araujo, and S. M. F. Cozzolino. "Assessment of Femurs and Testis as Parameters for Zinc Bioavailability from Different Food Sources." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_96.
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Ahmad, Faizan, Sadaf Zaidi, Fazil Qureshi, and Shams Tabrez Khan. "Comparing Various Diets as Sources of Zinc with Special Reference to Fruits and Vegetables." In Microbial Biofertilizers and Micronutrient Availability. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76609-2_16.
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Langridge, Peter. "Micronutrient Toxicity and Deficiency." In Wheat Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_24.
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AbstractMicronutrients are essential for plant growth although required in only very small amounts. There are eight micronutrients needed for healthy growth of wheat: chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, nickel and molybdenum. Several factors will influence the availability of micronutrients, including levels in the soil, and mobility or availability. Zinc deficiency is the most significant problem globally followed by boron, molybdenum, copper, manganese and iron. Deficiency is usually addressed through application of nutrients to seeds, or through foliar spays when symptoms develop. There is considerable genetic variation in the efficiency of micronutrient uptake in wheat, but this is not a major selection target for breeding programs given the agronomic solutions. However, for some micronutrients, the concentrations in the soil can be very high and result in toxicity. Of the micronutrients, the narrowest range between deficiency and toxicity is for boron and toxicity is a significant problem in some regions. Although not a micronutrient, aluminium toxicity is also a major factor limiting yield in many areas, usually associated with a low soil pH. Agronomic solutions for boron and aluminium toxicity are difficult and expensive. Consequently, genetic approaches have dominated the strategies for addressing toxicity and good sources of tolerance are available.
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Bersch, Jéssica Deise, Ana Paula Soares Dias, Denise Dal Molin, Angela Borges Masuero, and Inês Flores-Colen. "Marine-Based Photocatalytic Protection of Building Envelopes on Behalf of Climate Change." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_55.
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AbstractPhotocatalysis in building envelopes can reduce air pollution, further providing surfaces with antimicrobial and self-cleaning effects. However, conventional photocatalysts have drawbacks, like environmentally unfriendly industrial production processes, UV-restricted light absorption, and human health concerns. So, this chapter reviewed photocatalysts synthesized following a green route in several research fields, relying on the wide availability of sea waste. The final goal was to assess if the construction sector already encompasses the topic and provide experimental paths to preserve renders with marine-based photocatalysts and enhance their resilience under climate change. The final sample had 64 papers, in which algae, shells, fish waste, and other marine materials were bio-sources. Indoor air pollution was the closest topic to buildings, addressed by three papers but without direct applications, and no papers have tested bio-photocatalysts in façades. Titanium, zinc, and silver were the most common metals combined with the biomaterials. A lack of toxicity and life cycle assessments prevented a comprehensive environmental discussion.
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Kropka, Janusz. "Quantitative analysis of supply from anthropogenic sources to mine workings of closed zinc-lead ore mines in the Bytom Trough (southern Poland)." In Uranium in the Aquatic Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55668-5_126.
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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Camelina pilosa (DC.) N. Zing." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_651.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Zinc Sources"
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Leng, Douglas L., Rodney G. Powers, and Ivan R. Lasa. "Zinc Mesh Cathodic Protection Systems." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00795.
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Abstract Over the years several forms of sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems have been developed and successfully used to provide corrosion control in marine environments. For more than a century cast anodes have been used to protect ship hulls, propellers and other exposed metal objects from corrosion in a purely galvanic mode. However it was not until recently, in the past twenty years, did researchers begin evaluating the potential benefits of applying sacrificial cathodic protection to steel and steel reinforced concrete structures that are environmentally exposed to marine corrosion. In most cases, solid zinc in the form of an expanded metal mesh has been the primary anode material used for controlling corrosion in splash zones of substructures in marine environments. Zinc mesh anodes are manufactured using 99.99% pure special high grade zinc ingot and alloyed with small amounts of trace elements for improving anode performance and creating better formability (see Table 1). The relatively pure composition is essential for the electrochemical behavior of the anode to operate in a purely galvanic mode. The alloying elements are key to controlling intergranular corrosion behavior as well as creating a more workable substrate for processability to an end product. The most recent mesh configuration is a result of several studies related to optimizing critical anode mass and available surface area. The end result is a system that delivers long term, uninterrupted sacrificial cathodic protection to steel and steel reinforced concrete structures in marine environments. In many cases it has been very advantageous to incorporate zinc mesh anodes into basic concrete repair practices; such as integral pile jacketing, for a complete rehabilitation strategy. To date, this has been the most effective and economical way to restore concrete section loss and provide maintenance-free cathodic protection in a single operation. Since these systems operate in a galvanic mode, they are ideal for remote installation sites where maintenance, access and utility sources are not convenient or are unavailable. All the systems discussed in this paper amply supply in excess of 100 mV of polarization.
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Dattilo, Marion. "The Use of Ac Impedance to Determine the Corrosion Rate of Electrogalvanized Steel." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86263.
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Abstract The Bureau of Mines has determined the corrosion rate of industrial electrogalvanized (EG) steel by dc and ac electrochemical techniques as compared to solution analysis by atomic absorption in deaerated molar ammonium sulfate. An evaluation of the zinc coatings obtained in an industrial-scale test has shown that coatings obtained from a waste-derived electrolyte out perform the normal industrial coating. Impedance diagrams show that a slightly different frequency dispersion is obtained for the two different coatings studied. The time dependence of the zinc corrosion rate can be easily monitored by the use of impedance data over a frequency range of 0.1 to 11 Hz. Admittance plots provided the double-layer capacitance values, which indicate the presence or absence of surface corrosion products. The results show that electro-chemical ac techniques can be applied to successfully determine the zinc corrosion rate of electrogalvanized steel in near-neutral media and that waste sources of zinc are viable for electrogalvanizing steel.
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Fivizzani, Kenneth P., Leonard Dubin, Barbara E. Fair, and John E. Hoots. "Manganese Stabilization by Polymers for Cooling Water Systems." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89433.
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Abstract Manganese from natural water sources causes deposition and associated corrosion problems in municipal and industrial water systems, particularly where chlorination is employed. Polymers are used to limit the precipitation of iron/manganese and manganese salts. Evidence for solubilization of manganese salts by polymeric and molecular agents has also been obtained. Factors such as dosage and composition have a significant impact on the performance of polymers. A polymer’s ability to perform effectively is also significantly affected by operating conditions such as temperature, pH, iron:manganese cation ratio and oxidizing conditions (e.g. air vs. chlorination). In zinc-based corrosion inhibiting programs, polymers have exhibited the ability to control precipitation of both zinc and manganese salts. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution studies clearly indicate polymer performance is related to the ability to limit agglomeration of microparticulates. Application of these concepts suggests viable approaches for controlling manganese deposition in cooling water systems.
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Rosas, Omar, Oscar Garcia, Jose Hernandez, and Carlos Girault. "Ni-Co Electroplating as a Protection against Environmental Assisted Cracking of Coated High-Strength Steel Bolts in Sea-water." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13270.
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Abstract Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when a material’s mechanical strength is weakened by the penetration of atomic hydrogen inside the material, the hydrogen sources are diverse and they all intervene in this phenomenon. Plating processes and cathodic protection induce the production of hydrogen that may penetrate the steel, causing hydrogen embrittlement. The purpose of the present work is addressing the influence of different metallic coatings on the amount of hydrogen present in the steel bolting substrate and relate it to the extent of hydrogen embrittlement; this investigation attempts to present safe alternatives to prevent hydrogen embrittlement failures. Different coating conditions were applied to steel bolts: 1) No coating, 2) Zinc plating, 3) Zinc-Nickel plating and, 4) Nickel-Cobalt ASTM B994, SC 18, Class 1 electroplating. Electrochemical tests evaluated the kinetics for hydrogen production on the different materials, and hydrogen permeation test evaluated the amount of hydrogen penetrating the materials. In addition, cathodic protection was applied to tensile samples before breaking them in air. The results showed that Nickel-Cobalt produced less current and the hydrogen permeation was lower. The mechanical tests showed that Nickel-Cobalt is not affected by the cathodic charging, while the sacrificial coatings reduced their tensile stress by a 50%.
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Lipfert, Frederick W. "Effects of Acidic Deposition on Atmospheric Deterioration of Materials." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86105.
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Abstract Most common construction materials deteriorate in the outdoor atmosphere, due to the combined actions of "natural" weathering and atmospheric contaminants. Recently, interest in materials damage and corrosion has included the effects of acidic precipitation, in addition to the effects of gaseous and particulate air pollution. Assessing the relative importance of these usually additive effects requires damage functions, relating loss of a given material to specific agents in the atmosphere. Such damage functions have been estimated for zinc (galvanized steel), copper, aluminum, carbon steel, and calcareous stones. Some of these functions are linear, i.e., proportional to pollutant concentrations and to time; some are decidedly npn-linear. All have intercepts or constant terms that incorporate non-specific deterioration effects, i.e., natural weathering. The relative importance of local vs. regional air pollution or precipitation chemistry in this context requires consideration of atmospheric transport, as well as the linearity of the damage function (determines whether multiple sources have additive effects). The location of pollution sources relative to population centers (where materials are also concentrated) is seen to be important in the overall assessment of costs and benefits of pollution control. This paper will draw on examples and case studies prepared for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program and 1985 Current Damage Assessment.
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Lytle, Darren A., Michael R. Schock, and Thomas J. Sorg. "Investigation on Techniques and Control of Building Lead and Copper Corrosion by Orthophosphate and Silicate." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95609.
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Abstract A new building was identified as having high lead levels in it’s drinking water. Through a detailed sampling protocol, the sources of lead were identified as brass plumbing fittings and fixtures, and Sn:Pb solder. A study was performed in two isolated sections of the building plumbing system to determine if the lead levels could be reduced naturally with time by simply using the water. Significant reductions in lead levels were not achieved following 8 months of water usage. A second study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of three chemical corrosion inhibitors; zinc orthophosphate, alkali metal orthophosphate, and sodium silicate, to reduce the lead levels. Three economic, simple, low maintenance chemical feed systems were designed and installed in three different isolated sections of the building’s plumbing system. The chemicals were fed into the building sections for approximately 4 months. Results showed that all inhibitors effectively and rapidly reduced lead and copper levels.
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Rudomilova, Darya, Gerald H. Luckeneder, Tomás Prošek, Josef Faderl, and Andreas Muhr. "Corrosion-Induced Hydrogen Entry to Steel and a Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19560.
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Abstract The entry of hydrogen induced by atmospheric corrosion and its effect on the mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steels have been investigated in view of the safe application of these materials in the automotive industry. High-strength steels are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, and atmospheric corrosion is one of the possible sources of hydrogen uptake. To induce the corrosion reaction, bare and scribed zinc coated high-strength steel samples with a tensile strength of 1 GPa were contaminated with sodium chloride and exposed to humid air or immersed in water electrolyte. The corrosion-induced formation and permeation of hydrogen through steel was detected on the other side of the samples by using a scanning Kelvin probe and an electric hydrogen resistance sensor. Changes in mechanical properties were followed using slow strain rate testing. In contrast to immersion conditions, atmospheric corrosion was shown to produce a quantity of hydrogen insufficient to cause hydrogen embrittlement. An observed drop in the elongation and tensile strength of the bare steel was attributed to the formation of stress concentrators and the reduction in the cross section of the samples. Although hydrogen uptake due to atmospheric corrosion cannot be fully neglected, the studied steel grade DP1000 is considered safe for standard automotive applications.
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Hoots, J. E., and G. A. Crucil. "Role of Polymers in the Mechanisms and Performance of Alkaline Cooling Water Programs." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86013.
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Abstract A continuing trend in industrial cooling water systems is operation under increasingly severe conditions (e.g. higher alkalinity, temperature, hardness, and pH). To maintain the desired level of scale and corrosion inhibition, use of treatment programs specifically designed to operate under those stresses is necessary. Evaluation of two non-chromate programs, based on the all-organic and alkaline zinc formulations, will be presented. The data and concepts described in this paper were obtained from three sources: static laboratory tests, dynamic process simulation (Pilot Cooling Towers), and mechanistic studies. Since the polymeric scale inhibitor is a major key to a program’s success, information on a new series of polymers will be presented. Static tests will examine the ability of polymers to inhibit and disperse a spectrum of scaling species. Use of severe test conditions (e.g. high temperature, high pH, low polymer dosage, etc.) will emphasize improvements in performance. Results from pilot cooling tower evaluations will be listed and compared to static test results. Those comparisons will demonstrate why dynamic tests are required for proper performance evaluation and that static tests alone are insufficient. Mechanistic studies will provide insights on how scale inhibition and dispersion occur in bulk recirculating waters and at heated metal surfaces. Those studies will also address the independent and interrelated natures of scale and corrosion mechanisms.
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Pryor, Alan E. "Ozone Treatment of Cooling Water at a Gas Production Facility." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91585.
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Abstract Since January, 1989, ozone has been used as the sole method of water treatment in a 13,000 gpm (49,205 lpm) cooling tower at a gas production facility in the San Francisco Bay area. The system has operated efficiently at very high cycles of concentration for extended periods while eliminating the controlled blowdown of about 12 million gallons (45,420,000 liters) of water per year. Make-up water sources (ranging from 250 to 650 umhos/cm) have been used; and the tower has operated for extended periods at zero blowdown without significant adverse effects. Once the organic demand in the cooling tower water was overcome by the ozone, the corrosion rates dropped to 2 - 4 mpy for mild steel and 0.2 - 0.4 mpy for copper. These corrosion rates are well within acceptable limits and are substantially lower than the rates measured during conventional chemical treatment. The concentration levels of copper and zinc in the cooling water circuit were also significantly reduced after ozone treatment. All heat exchangers were inspected periodically, and those with normal cooling water velocities and skin temperatures less than 150 F° (65.6 C°) were found to be free from fouling and scaling. The approach temperatures in the gas aftercooler tube-in-shell heat exchangers were reduced by 8 - 10 F° (4.4 - 5.6 C°) as a result of the ozone treatment. In addition, the wetted cooling tower surfaces are free from scale and biological deposits. This paper describes the application at the facility, the studies conducted, and discusses the functional performance of the system.
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Alley, D. W., D. J. Barker, M. W. Mucek, and S. A. Bradley. "Liquid Metal Embrittlement of Alloy 800 Hydrogen Unit Preheat Tubes." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03659.
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Abstract A failure analysis was conducted on a 1½ inch diameter UNS N08800 hydrogen unit preheat tube that failed in service. Based on chemical and metallographic analyses the failure was attributed to liquid metal embrittlement by zinc. The zinc source is thought to be the Cu/Zn catalyst for the low temperature shift converter located downstream of the preheat tubes.
Reports on the topic "Zinc Sources"
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Berry, Patrick A. Versatile Chromium-Doped Zinc Selenide Infrared Laser Sources. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada526209.
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Chen, Jenn-Shing, F. R. McLarnon, and E. J. Cairns. Development of advanced secondary zinc cells for power-source applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10156496.
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Chen, Jenn-Shing, F. R. McLarnon, and E. J. Cairns. Development of advanced secondary zinc cells for power-source applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5043530.
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Rosero, A., J. García, and J. Morelo. Varietal selection of high beta-carotene cassava genotypes adapted to dry and humid Caribbean Region of Colombia. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2018.6.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a four staple crop for human consume worldwide after rice, wheat and corn. Mainly, it is used as energetic source due high carbohydrate content; however, improvement of its nutritional quality can contribute to food security, especially in vulnerable region as Caribe, where several factors have threaten with nutritional balance in children. In Colombia, close to of children are born with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams, which is one of the main risk factors for the mortality of newborns. In children less than 5 years old, 43,3% has zinc deficiency, 24,3% has A vitamin deficiency and 10,6 has Iron deficiency
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Patience, John F., and Amanda Chipman. Impact of Zinc Source and Timing of Implementation on Grow-finish Performance, Carcass Composition and Locomotion Score. Iowa State University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-692.
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Ang, Len, and Sokphea Young. Civil Society Organisations and Youth Civic Engagement in Cambodia. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2021. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.132.202110.
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Civic engagement is “how citizens participate in the life of a community to improve conditions for others or to help shape the community’s future” (Adler and Goggin 2005, p. 236). In Cambodia, civic engagement has been promoted by civil society organisations (CSOs) since 1993. The organisations covered by the abbreviation “CSO” are many in Cambodia, but they consist of, and are not limited to, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), youth associations, community-based organisations (CBOs), self-help groups and small clubs. There are around 3,000 NGOs registered officially with the Ministry of Interior as local NGOs and with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation as international NGOs (INGOs) (Suárez and Marshall 2014). The core development work of many of these NGOs is not focused entirely on human rights, democratic development and governance, and environmental issues: they are also working to improve livelihoods by integrating rural development approaches within their agendas (Mansfield 2008). The exact figure of CBOs remains obscure (Brown 2008; UNCT 2009) as some have not registered officially with the relevant authorities while others have merely emerged to address a particular development issue and then halted operations. CBOs still exist in every village and are visible or invisible to outsiders (Öjendal 2013). Those NGOs and CBOs focus more broadly on local development; however, there has been an emerging trend of NGOs funding youth civic engagement, seeking not only to enhance youth capacity for employment opportunities, but also to engage in democratic development and participation (OECD 2017). The ultimate aim of promoting youth engagement in civic activities is to mobilise young adults to be members of NGOs and CSOs (BBC Media Action and UNDP 2014; Ginwright and James 2002; Rogers, Mediratta and Shah 2012; Terriquez 2015). Past studies have demonstrated that young people tend not to associate with CSOs (UNDP 2010; CDRI 2017; Heng, Vong and Chheat 2014). In the context of funding channelled towards youth programs, the relevant NGOs and CSOs have a role in promoting youth civic engagement. The question is, could CSOs engage more fully and successfully with youth, not only to promote capacity development for employment opportunities, but also to enable civic activities, especially when those young people are disenchanted? This is coupled with the rise of political pressure on particular civic activities of CSOs after the 2013 national election, and constitutes a core context for this study. At a time of changing “space” for CSOs, this study will address the following questions: 1) How do CSOs, including organisations, associations and clubs, keep young people engaged? 2) How do CSOs motivate and enrol young people in civic activities at a time when the “space” relating to civil society and polity in the country is changing? and 3) How can CSOs be supported to provide long-term mobilisation of young people to sustain civic engagement? Addressing these questions will contribute to an understanding of youth and civic engagement in an era of changing space, and advance previous studies in the country (Mansfield 2008; BBC Media Action and UNDP 2014; Heng, Vong and Chheat 2014; OECD 2017; Peou and Zinn 2015; Eng and Hughes 2017; Eng et al. 2019). This paper draws on comparative discussions with three types of organisation chosen for this study in terms of their strategies relating to, and effectiveness in, promoting civic engagement according to their agenda. The first is an independent organisation – A – receiving funding from international donors. Organisation A’s program activities and approaches to promote youth civic engagement are, however, characterised as “co-optation or integration” as they implement their program with local government/ local authorities, and the ruling party. The second organisation – B – received funding from international donors but operates its programs independently. The third organisation – C – is classified as State-dependent. It is operated in alignment with the State, and has a central office headed by a senior government official. This organisation’s structure is entwined with the State system, from national to provincial, down to commune and village levels. This paper argues that organisation C, the State’s and ruling party’s de facto union of youths, dominates civic forms of youth engagement in Cambodia as its operational activities and branches are affiliated with the structures of the State systems and the current leading political party - the Cambodian People’s Party (CPP). With sustained financial and political support, organisation C has been capable of engaging more youths to take part in its activities. Meanwhile, organisations A and B have manoeuvred their strategies of civic engagement through limited “spaces”, leveraging activities under the control and monitoring process of the State. In this context, organisation C has been more sustained in promoting youth participation in the activities that it has identified, given the diverse sources of financial support it has access to. Organisations A and B appear less sustainable in terms of their strategies to engage with young people and they rely substantially on international donors to fund their activities. To unpack the preceding arguments further, the remainder of this working paper will begin with: (i) a review of the relevant literature on the “space” CSOs occupy and on civic engagement in Cambodia; and (ii) the detailed methodologies of data collection and data analysis. It will then present: (iii) the empirical results, and (iv) the concluding discussion.
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Geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, and geology suggest sources of and controls on mineral systems in the southern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada; with geochemistry maps of gold, silver, mercury, arsenic, antimony, zinc, copper, lead, molybdenum, bismuth, iron, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, beryllium, boron, fluorine, and sulfur; and with a section on lead associations, mineralogy and paragenesis, and isotopes. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2327c.
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