Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zircaloy (marque déposée)'
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Doan, Dinh-Trung. "Comportement et rupture d'alliages de zirconium des crayons de combustible dans les centrales nucléaires en situation accidentelle de type RIA." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP0022.
Full textRupa, Nathalie. "Effet de l'hydrogène et des hydrures sur le comportement viscoplastique du zircaloy-4 recristallisé." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1272.
Full textGrange, Marjolaine. "Fragilisation du Zircaloy-4 par l'hydrogène : comportement, mécanismes d'endommagement, interaction avec la couche d'oxyde, simulation numérique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005648.
Full textRobinet, Pascal. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement viscoplastique anisotrope du zircaloy 4 dans deux états métallurgiques." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2003.
Full textMulot, Sandrine. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du laminage à pas de pélerin de tubes en zircaloy 4." ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0782.
Full textThis study deals with the pilgering of Zircaloy 4 cladding tubes. During the last pilgering pass, surface defects may appear in a little quantity but of a great potential noctivity. In order to foresee this damage, a previous thesis was dedicated to the turning of mechanical model. Its major limits were : - the use of isotropic plasticity behaviour law although the material is highly textured and mechanically anisotropic. The mechanical model has been modified so that an anisotropic behaviour of a Hill quadratic type be accepted. The anistropy has been experimentally quantified over the upstream stages of the pilgering process line, throughout the six Hill parameters. An original method for measurement of shear parameters has been set up using the shearing of cylindrical bars coming from the tube wall. The Lebensohn and Tomé model was used to predict the mechanical properties over the whole process line ; - the difficulty to take account, using a predictive manner, the shear bucling within the radial-longitudinal tube plane, although its importance has been proved. This obstacle has been cancelled with the building of an upper boundary model. This model has been enhanced with the calculation of the mandrel horizontal stresses using the slab method. Along with theses developpments, a series of numerical simulations with 3D finite elements allowed a better understanding of this complex process of cold deformation. The information obtained from these simulations showed it was necessary to reconsider some of the hypothesis from the analytical model. We concentrated on the building showed to be the most questionable by the simulation
Schäffler, Isabelle. "Modélisation du comportement elasto-viscoplastique anisotrope des tubes de gaine du crayon combustible entre zéro et quatre cycles de fonctionnement en réacteur à eau pressurisée." Besançon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA2076.
Full textRobert-Berat, Laurence. "Influence d'une couche de zircone sur le comportement mécanique des tubes en zircaloy-4." Clermond-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF2A001.
Full textBai, Jinbo. "Nocivité des hydrures dans le zircaloy-4." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0194.
Full textDeydier, Pascal. "Etude de l'oxydation en milieu aqueux à 360° C d'un alliage de zirconium (Zircaloy 4) traité par implantation ionique." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10181.
Full textSerres, Aurélie. "Corrosion sous contrainte par l'iode du Zircaloy-4 : cinétiques de fissuration et influence de l'irradiation sur l'amorçage." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0001/these.pdf.
Full textThe context of this study ls the iodine-induced stress corrosion cracking (1-SCC) of Zircaloy-4. The first objective is to quantify the affect of the iodine content and of the stress intensity factor (KI) on the subcritical crack propagation rate. Our results indicate that the crack propagation rate is a linear function of KI and increases with the iodine content for a given KI. We finally propose a propagation law, improving by this way the 1-SCC description for modelling. The second objective is to study the effect of irradiation on 1-SCC, by means of tests made on proton-irradiated material. We establish th the dislocation loops microstructure, the hardness, and the deformation modes of proton·irradiated Zircaloy-4 are consistent with the one reported alter neutron irradiation. Besides, irradiation induces an increase of the 1-SCC susceptibility. The role of hardening, chanelling, and macroscopic Jocaiization of deformation are discussed
Bisor, Caroline. "Compréhension des mécanismes de prise d'hydrogène des alliages de zirconium en situation de corrosion en conditions REP : impact des hydrures sur la corrosion du Zircaloy-4." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0004/document.
Full textZirconium alloys are widely used as fuel claddings in Pressurized Water Reactors. However, the corrosion and hydriding lead to a progressive reduction of the use of Zircaloy-4 alloys whereas the Zr-1Nb alloy becomes a competitive material. In order to improve the understanding of their behaviour, two research axes were investigated: the determination of the hydrogen pick-up mechanism for each alloy and the impact of zirconium hydrides on Zircaloy-4 corrosion. Regarding the study of mechanisms, isotopic exchanges were carried out in D2O environment at 360°C and led (SIMS, ERDA) to the localization, in the oxide scales, of the limiting step for the hydrogen diffusion. The lower hydrogen pick-up fraction observed on Zr-1Nb alloy is rather due to a smaller hydrogen gradient in the oxide than to a lower value of the diffusion coefficient. Concerning the impact of hydrides on Zircaloy-4 corrosion, the characterization of pre-hydrided samples which were corroded in primary water at 360°C revealed several changes, as the presence of Zr3O sub-oxide at the inner metal/oxide interface, a lower fraction of β-ZrO2 in the oxide and a faster diffusion of oxygen species through grain boundaries of zirconia (TEM, µ-XRD, 18O isotopic experiments). Moreover, during oxidation, the hydrogen initially present in the hydride phase remains in the metallic matrix and leads to the allotropic transformation ZrH1 ,66 εZrH2. Finally, based on all those experimental results, a simultaneous mechanism of oxidation and hydrogen pick-up was proposed for the studied alloys
Peybernès, Jean. "Influence de l'ébullition sur la corrosion externe des gaines de crayons combustibles des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11079.
Full textDiard, Olivier. "Un exemple de couplage, comportement-endommagement-environnement, dans les polycristaux : Application à l'Interaction Pastille-Gaine." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1032.
Full textPieraccini, Michel. "Contribution à la vérification et à l'amélioration des modèles d'oxydation d'un coeur de réacteur à eau pressurisée lors d'un accident grave." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11005.
Full textPéralès, Frédéric. "Fissuration des matériaux à gradient de propriétés : application au zircaloy hydrure." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20202.
Full textRichard, Alain. "Traitement de trempe superficielle par laser du zircaloy." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600824k.
Full textMankowski, Georges. "Corrosion par piqûres et corrosion sous contrainte du zircaloy-4 en milieu neutre chlorure." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT025G.
Full textFrechinet, Stéphane. "Transformations et comportements du Zircaloy-4 en conditions anisothermes." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1044.
Full textLoucif, Kamel. "Evolutions microstructurales d'alliages de zirconium trempes alpha ou bêta au cours de revenus compris entre l'ambiante et 750°C." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0105.
Full textThe comprehension of zirconium alloys behaviour during elaboration and utilisation of final products requires an accurate study of their microstructure evolution during ageing. This point was the principal aim of our work which was realized by using mainly T. E. P. Measurements and which comprises two parts The subject of the first part is the microstructural evolution of quenched alloys from the upper 1imit of domain. We distinguished two evolution stages. One was attributed to interstitial atoms migration ta lattice defects and the later to the precipitation alloying elements iron, chromium and nickel. We show the greta influence of the alloying elements such as oxygen on the precipitation kinetics. The second art is devoted to the micro structure evolution of quenched alloys from the domain. Five stages was observed among which the two principals are du to elements precipitation and recrystallisation. A T. T. T. Diagram of Zircaloy-4 was established. This study gives a detailed description of the whole microstructural phenomenons occurring during ageing after quench
Sulistijono, Sulistijono. "Étude du comportement de couches de zircone dans l'air à haute température (400-1100 C°)." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD519.
Full textQuaranta, Delphine. "Étude de voies potentielles pour le recyclage du zirconium des gaines en Zircaloy des combustibles nucléaires usés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30038.
Full textZircaloy-4 is an alloy mainly composed of zirconium (~ 98%wt.) constituting the cladding of nuclear assemblies. Currently, used Zircaloy claddings are intended for deep geological storage due to their contamination by radioelements from the nuclear reaction and the reprocessing process. They are classified as long-lived intermediate-level waste according to ANDRA recommendations (radioactivity: 10 6 - 10 9 Bq/g, periods > 31 years), as they represent 25%wt. of the assembly inventory. Zirconium recycling thus could present an economic interest, either to upgrade the zirconium by remanufacturing sheaths (with the constraint imposed by the residual presence of 93Zr), or to downgrade the cladding wastes into low activity waste. This thesis aims to study the potential routes for the recycling of zirconium contained in spent Zircaloy sheaths, and more precisely electrorefining in molten fluorides. The study of Zircaloy sheath composition of spent nuclear fuel was first carried out to identify the radioelements present in used claddings. These elements are either activation products (Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Sn, etc.), or fission products (H, Sr (+ Y), Cs (+ Ba), Eu, etc.), or actinides (U, Pu, Am and Cm). An electrochemical study of the zirconium (IV) ions was carried out in LiF-NaF at 750 °C to determine its reduction mechanisms into metallic zirconium. Then, a nucleation / growth study was performed to optimize the operating conditions (ie nature of the cathode, concentration of ZrF4, current density applied, etc.), to obtain an adherent metal zirconium deposit on inert solid cathode. The last part of this work was focused on the electrorefining of "fresh" Zircaloy sections, i.e. before its stay in the reactor. Particular attention was paid to the behavior of the alloy constituents (Fe, Cr and Sn), during the electrolysis process. This work proposes a first scenario for the reprocessing of spent fuel claddings
Putoud, Philippe. "Oxydation d'alliages de type Zircaloy-4 à différentes teneurs en étain à 400°C dans la vapeur d'eau : analyse des phases en présence et de leur évolution." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD837.
Full textGeyer, Philippe. "Comportement élasto-viscoplastique de tubes en Zircaloy 4 : approche expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1999. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00933408.
Full textMusienko, Andrey. "Plasticité cristalline en présence de grandes déformations et d'endommagement." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1371.
Full textThis work addresses problems in the framework of crystal plasticity. Its main motivation is the development of a coupled approach able to account for the interaction between environment, inelastic deformation and damage in a zircaloy used for the cladding tubes in nuclear power plants. We introduce a specific zone in each grain near the grain boundary, a model to allow intergranular damage, opening and sliding (dos), another model describing cleavage inside grains. Simulation of iodine-assisted cracking of zircaloy is proposed. It correctly represents the experimental crack propagation rate, and able to predict the transition form intergranular to transgranular cracking. Numerical aspects of crystal plasticity and the dos model are studied in the framework of large Strains. A series of computations have been performed on copper specimens, where the true 3d structure was available after the pre-existing experiments at the university of leoben, austria
Vo, Quoc Thang. "Imagerie d'essais mécaniques sur des composites à matrice métallique : contribution expérimentale à la validation de méthodes d'homogénéisation et identification de propriétés mécaniques par phases." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20151/document.
Full textThis work is focused on a matrix/inclusion metal composite. A simple method is proposed to evaluate the elastic properties of one phase while the properties of the other phase are assumed to be known. The method is based on both an inverse homogenization scheme and mechanical field's measurements by 2D digital image correlation. The originality of the approach rests on the scale studied, i.e. the microstructure scale of material: the characteristic size of the inclusions is about few tens of microns. The evaluation is performed on standard uniaxial tensile tests associated with a long-distance microscope. It allows observation of the surface of a specimen on the microstructure scale during the mechanical stress. First, the accuracy of the method is estimated on ‘perfect' mechanical fields coming from numerical simulations for four microstructures: elastic or porous single inclusions having either spherical or cylindrical shape. Second, this accuracy is estimated on real mechanical field for two simple microstructures: an elasto-plastic metallic matrix containing a single cylindrical micro void or four cylindrical micro voids arranged in a square pattern. Third, the method is used to evaluate elastic properties of inclusions with arbitrary shape in an oxidized Zircaloy-4 sample of the fuel cladding of a pressurized water reactor after an accident loss of coolant accident (LOCA). In all this study, the phases are assumed to have isotropic properties
El, Tahhan Rania. "Interactions entre la sollicitation mécanique en fluage et la réactivité du zirconium et du zircaloy-4 à haute température (de 450°c à 550°C) sous oxygène." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1451.
Full textLe, Saux Matthieu. "Comportement et rupture de gaines en zircaloy-4 détendu vierges, hydrurées ou irradiées en situation accidentelle de type RIA." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395361.
Full textmatériau dépendent de la température et des teneurs en hydrogène en solution solide et en hydrures précipités. L'anisotropie plastique du matériau est peu modifiée par l'hydrogène. A température ambiante le matériau est fragilisé par les hydrures, qui rompent pour des déformations plastiques d'autant plus faibles que la teneur en hydrogène est élevée. La ductilité du matériau, croissante en fonction de la température, n'est pas affectée par l'hydrogène à 350°C et 480°C. Les modes de rupture macroscopiques et les mécanismes d'endommagement diffèrent selon la géométrie des éprouvettes, la température et la teneur en hydrogène. Un modèle de type Gurson est finalement proposé pour représenter le comportement viscoplastique anisotrope et la rupture ductile du matériau en fonction de la température et de la teneur en hydrogène.
Guipponi, Claire. "Effets de la radiolyse de l'air humide et de l'eau sur la corrosion de la couche d'oxyde du Zircaloy-4 oxydé." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00490984.
Full textTran, My-Thu. "Caractérisation des microstructures trempées et sélection des variants dans le Zircaloy-4." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0775/document.
Full textZirconium alloys are frequently used in nuclear fuel assemblies. They are chosen for their low neutron absorption, their mechanical properties and their corrosion resistance. A better understanding of the microstructure evolution of these alloys should allow a better control of their process of fabrication. During processing, several quenches, from the beta to the alpha domain take place. The resulting microstructures are lamellar and are called Widmanstätten microstructures. These lamellae are either disposed in parallel or in crisscross and are named “parallel platelets” and “basketweaves”, respectively. These various morphologies have a significant impact on the extrusion; basketweaves facilitate grain fragmentation unlike parallel platelets. In this thesis project, a methodology was developed in order to quantify these morphologies.During the phase transformation, one beta grain can generate 12 different orientations of new alpha grains. The parameters which can influence variants selection are not yet well-known. The model proposed in the present study is based on the minimization of the mean elastic energy of the system during the phase transformation. First results were obtained analytically. Then, additional effects such as the Eshelby relaxation, the elastic anisotropy and the external strain were implemented numerically. In parallel, each alpha variant was quantified within a former beta grain by EBSD analysis. The comparison between the model and the experiments helped to partially validate the model as well as determine the quench strain on the surface of the sample. It was then possible to study the effect of quench strain on the variant selection
Skocic, Milan. "Etude (photo)-électrochimique en réacteur simulé du phénomène de shadow corrosion des alliages de zirconium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI015/document.
Full textConventional electrochemical methods as well as photoelectrochemical characterisations (PEC), performedex-situ et in-situ, were used to study the Shadow corrosion phenomenon, considered as a galvanic corrosion between Zr-based and Ni-based alloys. The Shadow corrosion is influenced by the chemical environment and the irradiation of these alloys. An electrochemical cell , simulating the conditions of a boiling water reactor (BWR), allowing the illumination of the samples with UV--Visible as well as monitoring the water chemistry was designed, developed and validated. The cell allowed, for the first time, recording of emph{in-situ} photocurrent energy spectra on a Zr-based alloy in simulated BWR environment. Furthermore, the obtained experimental results pointed out that the metallic cation impurities played an important role in the activation mechanism of the galvanic coupling, thus potentially in the activation mechanism of the Shadow corrosion phenomenon, whereas the presence oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide did not induce significant differences in terms of electrochemical behavior of the samples. It was also shown that the illumination of the sample with UV--visible light, which significantly amplified the galvanic current, is an important parameter of the Shadow corrosion phenomenon
Torres, Elodie. "Spécificités de la mobilité de l'oxygène et de l'hydrogène dans le Zircaloy-4 en condition APRP et conséquences mécaniques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI077.
Full textThe various studies carried out to understand the phenomenology of an APRP have shown that hydrogen and oxygen play an important role in the behavior of fuel rods and in particular their embrittlement at the end of the accident. The aim of this thesis was to clarify the combined effects of oxygen and hydrogen at 1200 ° C and to identify the essential mechanisms governing their mobility. The first part of the thesis was to take stock of the adsorption and scattering mechanisms observed at low temperature in order to propose a model describing the hydrogen gas loading kinetics at 420 ° C thanks to coupled modeling. solid / gas exchanges and the mobility of hydrogen in solid solution. During the high temperature oxidation under water vapor at 1200 ° C, chemical segregation of the elements was observed. Oxygen and hydrogen have a complex distribution in the thickness of the sheath. Hydrogen has a strong affinity with the ex-β phase and the α / β grain boundaries. ERDA mappings showed hydrogen enrichment around inclusions whose massive presence of hydrides was reinforced by the TEM microscopic observations. The diffusion of oxygen in the two-phase α + β domain by the existing codes requires some improvements to describe the experimental results. The essential contributions of this thesis consisted in determining the key parameters that govern its diffusion in the α + β domain. A new model has been specially designed to determine the mechanisms of oxygen diffusion. This model, validated at 1200 ° C, is based on the fact that the diffusion of oxygen is governed by the growth of inclusions and therefore by the alpha phase fraction (O). The analysis of the mechanical tests also showed a weakening of the material by a joint effect of hydrogen and oxygen
Carlot, Gaëlle. "Diffusion de l'iode dans le zirconium : influence des éléments d'alliage et de l'hydruration." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001402.
Full textBen, Ammar Yamen. "Traitements thermomécaniques des colonies de lamelles parallèles du Zircaloy-4 trempé-β." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849217.
Full textHellouin, de Menibus Arthur. "Formation de blisters d'hydrures et effet sur la rupture de gaines en Zircaloy-4 en conditions d'accident d'injection de réactivité." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0068/document.
Full textOur aim is to study the cladding fracture with mechanical tests more representative of RIA conditions, taking into account the hydrides blisters, representative strain rates and stress states. To obtain hydride blisters, we developed a thermodiffusion setup that reproduces blister growth in reactor conditions. By metallography, nanohardness, XRD and ERDA, we showed that they are constituted by 80% to 100% of delta hydrides in a Zircaloy-4 matrix, and that the zirconium beneath has some radially oriented hydrides. We modeled the blister growth kinetic taking into account the hysteresis of the hydrogen solubility limit and defined the thermal gradient threshold for blister growth. The modeling of the dilatometric behavior of hydrided zirconium indicates the important role of the material crystallographic texture, which could explain differences in the blister shape. Mechanical tests monitored with an infrared camera showed that significant local heating occurred at strain rates higher than 0.1/s. In parallel, the Expansion Due to Compression test was optimized to increase the biaxiality level from uniaxial stress to plane strain (HB-EDC and VHB-EDC tests). This increase in loading biaxiality lowers greatly the fracture strain at 25°C and 350°C only in homogeneous material without blister. Eventually, a fracture criterion of unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding tube taking into account the blister depth is proposed
Turque, Isabelle. "Effet de fortes teneurs en hydrogène sur les propriétés métallurgiques et mécaniques des gaines en alliage de zirconium après incursion à haute température." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM066/document.
Full textUnder hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident conditions, fuel cladding tubes made of zirconium alloys can be exposed to steam at high temperature (up 1 200°C) before being cooled and then quenched in water. In some conditions, after burst occurrence the cladding can rapidly absorb a significant amount of hydrogen (secondary hydriding), up to 3 000wt.ppm locally, during steam exposition at HT.The study deals with the effect, poorly studied up to date, of high contents of hydrogen on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of two zirconium alloys, Zircaloy-4 and M5®, during and after cooling from high temperatures, at which zirconium is in its β phase. A specific facility was developed to homogeneously charge in hydrogen up to ~3 000wt.mass. cladding tube samples of several centimeters in length. Phase transformations, chemical element partitioning and hydrogen precipitation during cooling from the β temperature domain of zirconium were studied by using several techniques, for the materials containing up to ~3 000wt.ppm of hydrogen in average: in-situ neutron diffraction upon cooling from 700°C, X-ray diffraction, µ-ERDA, EPMA and electron microscopy in particular. The results were compared to thermodynamic predictions. In order to study the effect of high hydrogen contents on the mechanical behavior of the (prior-)β phase of zirconium, axial tensile tests were performed à various temperatures between 20 and 700°C upon cooling from the β temperature domain, on samples with mean hydrogen contents up to ~3 000ppm-mass.The results show that metallurgical and mechanical properties of the (prior-)β phase of zirconium alloys strongly depend on temperature and hydrogen content
Lasserre-Gagnaire, Marina. "Modélisation des phénomènes de corrosion du Zircaloy-4 sous mélanges oxygène-azote à haute température." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949122.
Full textMacdonald, Vincent. "Détermination d’un critère de rupture des gaines de Zircaloy-4 détendu hydruré contenant un blister d’hydrures, en conditions d’accident d’injection de réactivité." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM038/document.
Full textThis study deals with the determination of a fracture criterion for hydrided, cold worked and stress relieved Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding tubes with hydride blister, during a reactivity initiated accident. Two types of fracture profiles were identified, depending on the temperature, thanks to a bibliographical study, mechanical tests and fracture profiles analysis : brittle fracture at 25°C, and ductile fracture at 350°C.At 25°C, brittle fracture was studied by a global analysis in elasto-plastic fracture mechanic. Numerical simulations were performed by a finite element method with the CAST3M code, based on mechanical tests on fuel cladding tubes with blisters. Crack tip J-integral calculations were carried out to identify a mean fracture toughness of 13,8 +/- 3,1 MPa.m1/2.At 350°C, internal pressure combined to axial tensile tests were performed on Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding tubes with hydride blisters, at stress biaxialities corresponding to those of a RIA. It was observed a ductile fracture for tubes with and without blister. It was shown that hoop strain at failure decreases when blister thickness increases, and that stress biaxiality has no effect on cladding tubes bearing a thick blister. A ductile fracture model based on the GTN model was employed and a nucleation of voids due to shear stress was introduced, based on the Lode parameter. Stress triaxiality and Lode parameter were assessed in numerical simulations to understand some experimental observations
Françon, Virginie. "Corrosion sous contrainte par l’iode des alliages de zirconium : étude des paramètres critiques pour l’amorçage intergranulaire et la transition inter/transgranulaire." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0046.
Full textIodine-induced stress corrosion cracking (I-SCC) is one of the potential failure modes of zirconium alloy fuel claddings during power transients in nuclear reactors. I-SCC failures are usually described in three steps: initiation of cracks, intergranular development and transgranular propagation. The objective of this work is to identify critical parameters controlling transitions between crack propagation modes. First of all, experiments conducted on Zircaloy samples with various surface conditions and metallurgical states lead to discriminate the influence of several parameters responsible for cracks initiation. The critical role of residual stresses level, their distribution at the subsurface and their evolution in the bulk of the material is evidenced. Sensitivity to I-SSC is not directly correlated to surface roughness. However, dispersion in roughness parameters indicates the presence of surface irregularities, heterogeneities of residual stresses and the existence of surface areas where residual stresses are less protective. In a second step, Zircaloy-4 samples with various strain-hardening pre-treatments are submitted to constant load tests in an iodine methanol solution. Microstructural modifications induced by a strain-hardening pre-treatment enhance transgranular propagation of I-SCC cracks. TEM observations of fracture surfaces show that the intergranular to transgranular crack transition takes place preferentially where the relative crystallographic orientation is large between two adjacent grains, because of local stress concentrations resulting from strain incompatibilities between neighbouring grains