Academic literature on the topic 'Zn-Met'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zn-Met"
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Liu, Fen-Fen, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Zhi-He Li, Jing Li, Kai-Bin Mo, and Heng-Jia Ni. "Zinc Supplementation Forms Influenced Zinc Absorption and Accumulation in Piglets." Animals 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010036.
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The study aimed at determining the effect of different zinc (Zn) supplementation forms on Zn accumulation, activities of Zn-containing enzymes, gene expression of metallothionein (MT), and Zn transporters in piglets. Eighteen piglets were randomly divided into three groups: (a) a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Zn from Zn methionine (Zn-Met) in the feed (Zn-Met group), (b) a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Zn from Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) in the feed (ZnSO4, feed group), and (c) a basal diet supplemented with the same dose of Zn as in ZnSO4,feed group but in water (ZnSO4, water group). The results showed that Zn-Met added in feed and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water significantly improved (p < 0.05) the Zn concentration in liver and jejunum and the apparent digestibility of Zn in comparison with the ZnSO4 added in feed. In addition, dietary Zn supplementation as Zn-Met significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the jejunum of piglets in comparison with the ZnSO4, feed group. Furthermore, the Zn-Met and ZnSO4, water groups showed an improved total superoxide dismutase activity (T-SOD) in the ileum as compared to the ZnSO4, feed group. Meanwhile, the qPCR and western blot results showed that Zn-Met and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water increased the expression of MT in the jejunum in comparison with the ZnSO4 added in the piglets’ feed. However, different Zn supplementation forms had no effect on the mRNA expressions of Zip4 and ZnT1 transporters. In conclusion, Zn-Met added in feed and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water had higher bioavailability in piglets.
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. "1147 Zn Wil Nieuwe Onderhandelmethode Met Ziekenhuizen." Zorg en Financiering 5, no. 9 (September 2006): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03092971.
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Barajas, Ruben, Billy J. J. Cervantes, Mark E. Branine, Connie K. Larson, and Alejandro Ramos-Suarez. "PSVI-7 Effects of feeding chromium- and zinc- amino acid complexes on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls fed zilpaterol hydrochloride for the last 30 days in the feedlot." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.757.
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Abstract A 2 x 2 factorial study was conducted to evaluate main and interaction effects of feeding amino acid complexed sources of Zn (Zn-AAC; 40 mg /kg DM from Availa® Zn; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN) and Cr (chromium methionine; Cr-Met; 0.20 mg / kg DM from Availa® Cr; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN) fed in combination or separately, compared to an iso-Zn level Control (CON) group that provided Zn from ZnSO4 (80 mg Zn∙kg-1DM) with no supplemental source of Cr. Treatments were replicated into 4 pens with 5 finishing Bos taurus x Bos indicus bullocks/pen (80 bullocks; BW= 421 kg). Treatment diets were initiated 28 d prior to starting zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZIL; 15 mg/kg BW) with ZIL fed daily for 33 d followed by a 4 d withdrawal before harvest. During the ZIL-feeding Zn-ACC x Cr-Met interactions were present for ADG and Gain:Feed (G:F) where Zn-ACC improved ADG (P≤ 0.05) and Cr-Met improved G:F vs. CON. Effects may have been mediated by differences in DM intake (DMI), where DMI was numerically increased by Zn-ACC and decreased (P ≤ 0.01) by Cr-Met. Overall, feeding Cr-Met moderated DMI and improved G:F (P ≤ 0.05). Measures of carcass composition were not affected by Zn-ACC or Cr-Met. Hot carcass weight was increased (P ≤ 0.05) by feeding Zn-ACC and tended to increase with Cr-Met. Daily carcass gain increased from feeding either Zn-ACC or Cr-Met during the ZIL phase and overall study. Feeding Zn-ACC was a primary driver during the ZIL period and overall trial for increasing growth rate, with little or no influence on DM intake while feeding Cr-Met moderated DM intake to improve dietary and energetic efficiency. Balancing the feeding levels of Zn-ACC and Cr-Met will be key to optimizing the overall biological response and net return.
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Cemin, Henrique S., Luke A. Swalla, Sharlie A. Hansen, Jamie L. Pietig, Stewart T. Galloway, and Ernie L. Hansen. "133 Effects of methionine source and zinc level on growth performance of nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.194.
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Abstract A 44-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Met source and Zn level on growth performance of nursery pigs. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure with main effects of Met source (DL-Met or MHA-Ca) and added Zn level (100 or 3,000 mg/kg). A total of 1,008 pigs (PIC 337 × Camborough), initially 5.6 kg, were used, with 9 replicates per treatment. The basal Zn level of 100 mg/kg was from organic source, while the added level of 2,900 mg/kg was from Zn oxide. The different added Zn levels were fed from d 0 to 20, whereas the different Met sources were fed throughout the experimental period (d 0 to 44). Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Data were analyzed with SAS MIXED procedure. There was no evidence (P > 0.10) for Met × Zn interactive effects. From d 0 to 20, pigs fed DL-Met had a tendency (P < 0.10) for higher ADG and BW. Pigs fed 3,000 mg/kg added Zn had higher (P < 0.05) ADFI, ADG, and BW. From d 20 to 44, there was no evidence for differences (P > 0.10) between Met source. Pigs previously fed 100 mg/kg added Zn had improved (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG. Overall (d 0 to 44), pigs fed DL-Met had a tendency (P < 0.10) for higher ADG and final BW. No evidence for differences (P > 0.10) was observed between pigs fed 100 or 3,000 mg/kg added Zn. In conclusion, pigs fed DL-Met tended to have improved performance. Feeding 3,000 mg/kg added Zn improved performance until d 20, but no differences were observed in the overall nursery period.
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Li, Lanlan, Liping Miao, Mingkun Zhu, Liansong Wang, and Xiaoting Zou. "Dietary addition of zinc-methionine influenced eggshell quality by affecting calcium deposition in eggshell formation of laying hens." British Journal of Nutrition 122, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 961–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451900206x.
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AbstractThe present study explored the mechanism of Zn-methionine (Zn-Met) influencing eggshell quality of laying hens and investigated whether the mechanism was related to Ca deposition. Hyline grey layers (n 384, 38 weeks old) were divided into four groups: 0 mg Zn/kg, 40, 80 mg Zn/kg as Zn-Met, and 80 mg Zn/kg as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). Eggshell quality, Zn contents, Zn-containing enzyme activities and expressions of shell matrix proteins in eggshell gland (ESG) were analysed. Zn-Met treatment at 80 mg/kg increased (P < 0·05) egg weight and eggshell strength throughout the experiments. The 80 mg/kg Zn-Met group (P < 0·05) had decreased mammillary knob width and larger relative atomic weight percentage of Ca, stronger signal intensity of Ca in linear distribution and the Ca was more evenly distributed in the transversal surface of eggshell. Zn contents (P < 0·001) in yolk and serum, Ca, albumin (Alb) levels in ESG as well as carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in serum (P < 0·05) and mRNA levels of CA and Ca-binding protein-d28k (CaBP-D28k) (P < 0·001) in the 80 mg/kg Zn-Met group were the highest among all treatments. In conclusion, shell strength as one of eggshell qualities was mostly related to mammillary cone width in ultrastructure caused by the pattern of Ca deposition in eggshell formation. Also, the increase in Zn-Met-induced Ca deposition may be due to the increased Zn contents in serum and tissues, which were attributable to the increased CA concentrations in serum, Ca, Alb levels and up-regulated CA and CaBP-D28k mRNA levels in ESG.
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Kaki Soumar, Soheilla, Fardin Hozhabri, Mohammad Mehdi Moeini, and Zahra Nikousefat. "Impacts of feeding zinc-methionine or chromium-methionine on performance, antioxidant status and physiological responses to transportation stress on lambs." Animal Production Science 60, no. 6 (2020): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18070.
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Context Road transportation of farm animals is an unavoidable activity in animal husbandry, which may lead to the stress. Metabolic modifiers, such as minerals, may be an effective strategy to improve the performance and immune system of animals. Aims The present study examined the effects of chromium-methionine (Cr-Met) and zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on animal performance and response to transportation stress. Methods Eighteen lambs (18–20 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to the following three dietary treatments for 10 weeks: (1) basal diet (control, 0.021 g/kg Zn and 0.0001 g/kg Cr); (2) basal diet with addition of 10 Cr-Met mg/kg DM (containing 1 mg/kg Cr); and (3) basal diet with addition of 500 Zn-Met mg/kg DM (containing 50 mg/kg Zn). After a 6-week supplementation period, the lambs were transported by road for 3 h. Key results Mineral supplements did not affect final bodyweight, average daily gain or feed conversion ratio. The blood cortisol and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) immediately after transportation (AT1) in all groups; however, they were lower in supplemented lambs than in the control (P < 0.05). Animals fed Cr-Met or Zn-Met diets had a higher albumin concentration at AT1 than did the control group (P < 0.05). Lambs on the Zn-Met diet showed a higher blood triiodothyronine and triiodothyronine to thyroxin ratio at AT1 and at 24 h after transportation (AT2) than did lambs receiving the control diet (P < 0.05). Lambs fed the Cr-Met diet had a lower blood malondialdehyde at AT1 and AT2 than did the control lambs (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was higher in the Zn-Met-supplemented group than in other groups (P < 0.05). Supplementation with dietary Zn-Met increased serum TAC concentration in the kidney tissue compared with the control (P < 0.05), but had no effect on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. The Cr-Met group showed also a lower malondialdehyde concentration (P < 0.05) and higher TAC, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 10 mg Cr-Met/kg (1 mg Cr) in comparison to 500 mg Zn-Met/kg (50 mg Zn) improved the stress response of lambs subjected to a short-time road transportation, whereas growth performance was not affected. Implications The administration of Cr-Met or Zn-Met to diet of lambs before transportation could reduce the adverse effects of road transportation stress.
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Dresler, Sylva, Josef Illek, and Ladislav Zeman. "Effects of organic zinc supplementation in weaned calves." Acta Veterinaria Brno 85, no. 1 (2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201685010049.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of organic zinc supplementation in calves on serum zinc (Zn) concentrations, selected metabolic profile indicators and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations. The trial included 2 groups (n = 10) of weaned female calves. The Zn-Methionin calves (group Zn-Met) were supplemented with 30 mg Zn-Met/kg dry matter (DM)/day (BIOPLEX® Zn, Alltech, USA) for 90 days; the control calves (group C) received the same diet without organic zinc supplementation. Compared to the control group, organic Zn treatment significantly increased serum Zn concentration (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.01) and total Ig (P < 0.01) in the group Zn-Met at the beginning (7 days from the start of Zn-Met supplementation) of the trial. At the end of the trial (day 90) serum total protein (TP) (P < 0.05), albumin (P < 0.01), urea (P < 0.01), SOD (P < 0.01), copper (Cu) (P < 0.05), Zn (P < 0.01) and Ig (P < 0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in the Zn-Met calves. In the control group alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly (P < 0.01) higher on day 90. A positive correlation between zinc concentrations, ALP, and SOD activities in serum, and a negative correlation between zinc and copper concentrations were demonstrated. Dietary Zn-Met supplementation in calves markedly influenced the metabolic profile and serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Compared to the control group, the Zn supplemented group showed a significantly (P < 0.05) lower ALP and significantly greater SOD serum activity (P < 0.01) at the end of the trial. Total Ig concentrations were significantly higher in the Zn treated group (day 7: P < 0.01 vs. day 90: P < 0.05).
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Salama, Ahmed AK, Gerardo Caja, Elena Albanell, Xavier Such, Ramón Casals, and Josefina Plaixats. "Effects of dietary supplements of zinc-methionine on milk production, udder health and zinc metabolism in dairy goats." Journal of Dairy Research 70, no. 1 (February 2003): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029902005708.
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Twenty-two Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were used to investigate the effects of organic Zn supplementation of a diet containing a high level of inorganic Zn. Goats were kept in pens, machine milked once a day throughout lactation and fed a diet based on a dehydrated mixture of whole-plant maize and alfalfa ad libitum, alfalfa pellets, barley grain and a concentrate mixture. Treatments were: (1) control, and (2) supplemented with 1 g/d Zn-Methionine (Zn-Met) included in the concentrate mixture. After parturition, goats were blocked in week 3 and dietary treatments were applied until week 23. From weeks 3–20, feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, milk somatic cell count (SCC), and udder health were measured. In week 21, all goats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 g/d DL-methionine for 5 d to establish the effects of methionine under the conditions of udder stress induced by hand milking on the second day. During weeks 22 and 23, diet digestibility, and N and Zn balance were determined. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk contents of total solids, fat, total and true protein, and casein did not differ between treatments, but whey protein and non-protein nitrogen contents were significantly lower for the Zn-Met group. Milk SCC tended to decrease as a result of Zn-Met supplementation but differences between treatments were not significant when halves with persistent infection were excluded. Hand milking increased SCC in both groups, but udders of supplemented goats showed a lower reaction. Apparent absorption of N significantly increased and Zn retention tended to increase in Zn-Met supplemented goats. We conclude that Zn-Met supplementation can enhance resistance to udder stress in dairy goats. Effects were attributed to the organic Zn and not to the methionine component. Zn retention and protein utilization were also improved by the Zn-Met supplement.
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. "1178 Zn-Bestuur Akkoord Met Landelijk Indicatieprotocol Kraamzorg." Zorg en Financiering 4, no. 8 (August 2005): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03091297.
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Nastiti, Sekar Alinda, Harmita ., and Catur Jatmika. "SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF ZINC METHIONINE, ZINC GLYCINE, COPPER LEUCINE, AND COPPER GLYCINE COMPLEXES USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.86.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to perform metal-amino acid synthesis and to analyze the free and bonded mineral concentrations.Methods: In this study, the synthesis of amino acid metal complexes was carried out by reacting free metal ions, derived from a water-soluble metalsalt, with amino acids in a 1:2 molar ratio.Results: The respective yields of this synthesis process were 95.38%, 95.95%, 76.31%, and 93.91% for zinc (Zn)-methionine (Zn(Met)2), Zn-glycine(Zn(gli)2), copper-leucine (Cu(leu)2), and Cu-glycine (Cu(gli)2) complexes, respectively. The metal-amino acid complexes were then separated usingcolumn chromatography and further analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The bonded metal concentrations of the Zn(Met)2,Zn(gli)2, Cu(leu)2, and Cu(gli)2 complexes were 189.32 mg/g, 353.78 mg/g, 180.89 mg/g, and 275.11 mg/g, respectively. The free metal concentrationsof the Zn(Met)2, Zn(gli)2, Cu(leu)2, and Cu(gli)2 complexes were 13.57 mg/g, 12.92 mg/g, 0.19 mg/g, and 2.12 mg/g, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, Zn(Met)2, Zn(gli)2, Cu(leu)2, and Cu(gli)2 complexes were successfully formed and analyzed. The mineral concentration ineach complex differed depending on the type of mineral and ligand.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zn-Met"
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Márquez, Hernández Daniel. "Efecto del complemento alimenticio con y sin zinc orgánico en la respuesta productiva y digestibilidad de ovinos en pastoreo de pradera rye grass." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/109092.
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La producción ovina en el Estado de México es una actividad pecuaria económica importante, pero el sistema de producción con alimentación intensiva en corral, debido a sus altos costos, en ocasiones es económicamente poco viable. Sin embargo, algunas alternativas alimenticias como el pastoreo con complementación, permiten reducir costos de alimentación y mejorar la calidad de la carne de ovinos alimentados bajo este sistema. Además, la adición del complejo zinc-metionina (Zinc-Met) en corderos, ha demostrado beneficios en la calidad de la carne referentes al mayor depósito de grasa intramuscular y modulación del perfil lipídico de la grasa. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de dos dosis de zinc orgánico en combinación con dos regímenes de consumo voluntario de concentrado en corderos en pastoreo sobre el comportamiento productivo y la digestibilidad de la MS de ovinos en pastoreo. Se utilizaron 32 ovinos, machos enteros, con peso promedio de 25.89 kg, con cinco meses de edad, F1 cuzas de las razas Dorper x Katahdin, dispuestos en 4 tratamientos con 7 repeticiones cada uno, en un diseño Completo al Azar, con arreglo factorial 2 niveles de Zinc-Met (0 y 80 ppm) x 2 regímenes de concentrado (0.75 y 1.5% del PV). La engorda duró de junio a diciembre 2019, los ovinos pastaron 8 h d-1 en una pradera de rye grass (Lolium perenne) establecida en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; durante la tarde y noche, los ovinos se resguardaban en corrales individuales en la Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación en Producción Animal, donde recibieron un complemento alimenticio (157 g de PC kg-1 MS; 2.6 Mcal de EM/kg MS). Las variables evaluadas fueron: consumo de concentrado diario, ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), conversión (CA) y eficiencia (EA) de uso del alimento. La digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca (DAMS) de los corderos en pastoreo se estimó a través del marcador óxido de cromo y, finalmente, se calculó el consumo de materia seca (CMS) total. Durante el periodo de pastoreo se evaluó en la pradera la acumulación neta de forraje (ANF) cada 15 d, asimismo, se analizó la composición química del forraje y del concentrado en el Laboratorio
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de Bromatología del Departamento de Nutrición Animal. La ANF promedio de la pradera fue 754.25 kg de MS ha-1, La composición química de Lolium perenne lo largo del periodo de pastoreo fue constante y similar en PC, MS, FDN y FDA. Se observó efecto (P<0.05) de tratamiento (T), período de medición (P) e interacción TxP en CMS total, CMS de concentrado y CMS de forraje. Asimismo, el tratamiento Zn-80 ppm con C-1.5% PV tuvo el mayor (P<0.05) peso vivo final, incremento de peso y GDP. Sin embargo, la CA, EA y DAMS fue similar (P>0.05) en todos los tratamientos. Se concluye que la restricción de concentrado en corderos en pastoreo promueve una mejor utilización de nutrientes disponibles, aumentando el consumo de alimento sin afectar la digestibilidad y eficiencia alimenticia.
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Reyes, Juárez Jessica. "EFECTO DEL NIVEL DE SUPLEMENTACIÓN ALIMENTICIA Y ZINC ORGÁNICO EN LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA CANAL Y CALIDAD DE LA CARNE DE OVINOS DE PASTOREO." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/111362.
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Esta investigación se realizó en las instalaciones de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, ubicada en el Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, México y tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de suministrar un concentrado alimenticio a dos niveles (0.75 y 1.5% de PV), con y sin inclusión de una fuente de Zn orgánico (65 mg kg-1 MS de Zn-metionina), a corderos en pastoreo continuo, sobre las características de la canal y calidad de la carne. Se utilizaron 24 ovinos en 4 tratamientos con 6 repeticiones cada uno, en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2x2 de tratamientos; los ovinos permanecieron diario 6 h (09:00 a 15:00 h) en una pradera de rye grass (Lolium perenne), posteriormente, fueron confinados en corrales individuales donde recibieron el concentrado. Se registró el peso vivo al inicio del estudio y cada 15 d. Al término de la fase de engorda (peso vivo final, 40kg) los ovinos fueron trasladados, 1.5 h, a un obrador para elaborar barbacoa, localizado en el municipio de Capulhuac, Estado de México, donde se sacrificaron siguiendo la normatividad vigente (NOM-051-ZOO-1995). Se registró el peso vivo a sacrificio (PVS), peso canal caliente (PCC), rendimiento en canal (RC), peso canal fría (PCF) y la relación de PVS con PCC. Las canales fueron evaluadas para morfometría, engrasamiento y conformación muscular. Además, fueron determinadas las características fisicoquímicas de la carne y contenido de ácidos grasos en el músculo Longissimus dorsi. Para variables de características de la canal, se observó efecto de la interacción de nivel de concentrado con nivel de Zn-met (P≤0.05) en PVS, longitud de pierna y peso de vísceras rojas. Las variables ancho de tórax y peso de vísceras verdes vacías fueron afectados (P≤0.05) por el nivel de inclusión de Zn-met en la dieta. Las variables conformación muscular, escala SEUROP (P=0.10), grado de engrasamiento (P=0.08) y grasa renal (P=0.03), mostraron diferencias en favor de los tratamientos con suministro de Zn-Met en ambos niveles de concentrado. En el resto de las variables estudiadas no se observó efecto (P>0.05) del nivel de concentrado o inclusión de Zn orgánico. Asimismo, las características fisicoquímicas de la carne no fueron afectadas (P>0.05) por el nivel de concentrado, nivel de Zn orgánico o su interacción. El nivel de concentrado (0.75 y 1.5% del PV) e inclusión de Zn orgánico en la dieta de ovinos en pastoreo influyó en el contenido de los ácidos grasos miristoleico (C14:1), palmítico (C16:0), heptadecanoico (C17:0), linolenico (C18:3) y araquidónico (C20:4); así como en los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPIS) de la grasa intramuscular del Longissimus dorsi. Se concluye que la interacción de Zn-met x concentrado en la dieta de ovinos en pastoreo beneficia la longitud de pierna, peso vivo a sacrificio y peso de vísceras rojas. Además, el nivel de concentrado en la dieta y la inclusión de Zn-met no afectó las características fisicoquímicas de la carne, pero si influyó en el perfil de los ácidos grasos del músculo Longissimus dorsi de ovinos en pastoreo continuo.
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Mager, B?rbara Renata Garcia. "Comportamento microestrutural da liga eutet?ide Zn-22%Al em rela??o ? taxa de solidifica??o e ao envelhecimento." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3112.
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-26A Zn-22%Al ? uma liga eutet?ide de zinco sendo o alum?nio o principal elemento de liga, com alta resist?ncia ? corros?o, boa fluidez no estado l?quido, apresentando superplasticidade ap?s tratamento t?rmico. A complexidade das fases presentes na liga bruta de fus?o se deve a forma??o da fase eutet?ide (α+η) por decomposi??o da fase metaest?vel β - rede c?bica de face centrada, no ponto eutet?ide. O eutet?ide possui estrutura lamelar formada pela fase α - rede c?bica de corpo centrado e pela fase η - rede hexagonal compacta. Durante o envelhecimento, ocorre uma mudan?a na microestrutura com libera??o de calor (rea??o exot?rmica). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a rela??o entre a taxa de resfriamento (na solidifica??o at? forma??o do eutet?ide) com a morfologia das fases obtidas antes ap?s o tratamento t?rmico e a temperatura alcan?ada na rea??o exot?rmica. Ap?s a obten??o da liga, lingotes de Zn-22%Al foram refundidos sobre arg?nio, em uma barqueta de grafite, em um forno tubular. A solidifica??o e o resfriamento foram monitorados pelo sistema de an?lise t?rmica. No tratamento t?rmico amostras foram aquecidas acima do ponto eutet?ide, resfriadas em uma mistura de ?gua e gelo (em equil?brio) e deixadas envelhecer em repouso, recobertas com manta t?rmica refrat?ria. Para as an?lises metalogr?ficas e os ensaios de dureza foram obtidos quatro diferentes tipos de amostras da parte central do lingote, sendo elas: solidificadas e resfriadas dentro e fora do forno, com e sem tratamento t?rmico. Amostras foram caracterizadas por microscopia ?ptica, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e microan?lise por EDS (electron dispersive spectroscopy). Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que a taxa de solidifica??o e resfriamento apresentam grande influ?ncia na forma??o da macroestrutura, e na microestrutura antes a ap?s tratamento t?rmico. Observou-se que a temperatura atingida pela amostra durante o envelhecimento ? dependente da homogeneidade da composi??o da estrutura lamelar (α+η), isto ?, amostras solidificadas e resfriadas com taxas maiores, atingiram temperaturas maiores. Atrav?s dos ensaios metalogr?ficos, de dureza e microdureza, conclui-se que o aquecimento ocorre durante a mudan?a da morfologia da fase (α+η) de lamelar para quase-globular, que ocorre durante o envelhecimento.
Reports on the topic "Zn-Met"
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Yermiyahu, Uri, Thomas Kinraide, and Uri Mingelgrin. Role of Binding to the Root Surface and Electrostatic Attraction in the Uptake of Heavy Metal by Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586482.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The principal accomplishment of the research supported by BARD was progress toward a comprehensive view of cell-surface electrical effects (both in cell walls [CWs] and at plasma membrane [PM] surfaces) upon ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration. The research confirmed that electrostatic models (e.g., Gouy-Chapman-Stern [G-C-S]), with parameter values contributed by us, successfully predict ion behavior at cell surfaces. Specific research objectives 1. To characterize the sorption of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) to the root PM in the presence of other cations and organic ligands (citric and humic acids). 2. To compute the parameters of a G-C-S model for heavy-metal sorption to the root PM. 3. To characterize the accumulation of selected heavy metals in various plant parts. 4. To determine whether model-computed ion binding or ion activities at root PM surfaces predict heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 5. To determine whether measured ion binding by protoplast-free roots (i.e., root CWs) predicts heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 6. To correlate growth inhibition, and other toxic responses, with the measured and computed factors mentioned above. 7. To determine whether genotypic differences in heavy-metal accumulation and toxic responses correlate with genotypic differences in parameters of the G-C-S model. Of the original objectives, all except for objective 7 were met. Work performed to meet the other objectives, and necessitated on the basis of experimental findings, took the time that would have been required to meet objective 7. In addition, work with Pb was unsuccessful due to experimental complications and work on Cd is still in progress. On the other hand, the uptake and toxicity of the anion, selenate was characterized with respect to electrostatic effects and the influences of metal cations. In addition, the project included more theoretical work, supported by experimentation, than was originally planned. This included transmembrane ion fluxes considered in terms of PM-surface electrical potentials and the influence of CWs upon ion concentrations at PM surfaces. A important feature of the biogeochemistry of trace elements in the rhizosphere is the interaction between plant-root surfaces and the ions present in the soil solution. The ions, especially the cations, of the soil solution may be accumulated in the aqueous phases of cell surfaces external to the PMs, sometimes referred to as the "water free space" and the "Donnan free space". In addition, ions may bind to the CW components or to the PM surface with variable binding strength. Accumulation at the cell surface often leads to accumulation in other plant parts with implications for the safety and quality of foods. A G-C-S model for PMs and a Donnan-plus-binding model for CWs were used successfully to compute electrical potentials, ion binding, and ion concentration at root-cell surfaces. With these electrical potentials, corresponding values for ion activities may be computed that are at least proportional to actual values also. The computed cell-surface ion activities predict and explain ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration of intoxication much more accurately than ion activities in the bulk-phase rooting medium.