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Academic literature on the topic 'Zn-MnO2 batteries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zn-MnO2 batteries"
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Durena, Ramona, and Anzelms Zukuls. "A Short Review: Comparison of Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Batteries with Different pH Aqueous Electrolytes." Batteries 9, no. 6 (2023): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060311.
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As the world moves towards sustainable and renewable energy sources, there is a need for reliable energy storage systems. A good candidate for such an application could be to improve secondary aqueous zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO2) batteries. For this reason, different aqueous Zn-MnO2 battery technologies are discussed in this short review, focusing on how electrolytes with different pH affect the battery. Improvements and achievements in alkaline aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries the recent years have been briefly reviewed. Additionally, mild to acidic aqueous electrolyte employment in Zn-MnO2 batteries has been described, acknowledging their potential success, as such a battery design can increase the potential by up to 2 V. However, we have also recognized a novel battery electrolyte type that could increase even more scientific interest in aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries. Consisting of an alkaline electrolyte in the anode compartment and an acidic electrolyte in the cathode compartment, this dual (amphoteric) electrolyte system permits the extension of the battery cell potential above 2 V without water decomposition. In addition, papers describing pH immobilization in aqueous zinc–manganese compound batteries and the achieved results are reported and discussed.
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Yadav, Gautam, Jinchao Huang, Meir Weiner, et al. "Improvements in Performance and Cost Reduction of Large-Scale Rechargeable Zinc|Manganese Dioxide Batteries and a Future Roadmap Driven through Real World Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 3 (2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013452mtgabs.
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Zinc|Manganese Dioxide (Zn|MnO2) are widely available as primary batteries for use in small-scale consumer electronics because of its low cost and high energy density. The last decade has seen a resurgence in research to make this chemistry rechargeable by materials engineering, additives and experimenting with various electrolytes. These important contributions have showed that Zn|MnO2 has all the prerequisites to be a post-lithium solution for grid-scale storage. At Urban Electric Power, we have been commercializing proton-insertion Zn|MnO2 batteries in cylindrical and prismatic form factors between 70 to 140Ah nameplate capacity. These batteries contain improved materials and electrode designs with improved utilizations of the cathode and anode theoretical capacity. Both the cathode and anode can achieve 40 to 60% of their theoretical capacity, which is currently the best in alkaline electrolytes and scaled-up cells. These improvements not only reflect the performance but also the manufacturability of cells on a large scale. In this talk, we will present the methodological approach we pursued to achieve these performance metrics and reduce the cost to <$80/kWh. We also cycled these cells according to various protocols that represent real world applications. For example, we found that the newly improved Zn|MnO2 cells can achieve >6 years of performance for solar microgrid applications, which is better than lead acid batteries, the current battery of choice. We have also manufactured gelled Zn|MnO2 batteries that can be considered as “non-spillable” and thus, “non-hazardous” according to transportation regulations. These non-spillable cells manufacturing process and performance will also be presented in the talk. The talk will also expand on the future generations of Zn|MnO2 that are currently under development at Urban Electric Power like the conversion battery which access the complete 2nd electron capacity of the electrodes and the high voltage (>2.5V) battery. These batteries expand the application space of Zn|MnO2 batteries which make it a viable contender for post lithium-ion batteries.
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Wang, Xiao, Shuanghao Zheng, Feng Zhou, et al. "Scalable fabrication of printed Zn//MnO2 planar micro-batteries with high volumetric energy density and exceptional safety." National Science Review 7, no. 1 (2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz070.
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Abstract The rapid development of printed and microscale electronics imminently requires compatible micro-batteries (MBs) with high performance, applicable scalability, and exceptional safety, but faces great challenges from the ever-reported stacked geometry. Herein the first printed planar prototype of aqueous-based, high-safety Zn//MnO2 MBs, with outstanding performance, aesthetic diversity, flexibility and modularization, is demonstrated, based on interdigital patterns of Zn ink as anode and MnO2 ink as cathode, with high-conducting graphene ink as a metal-free current collector, fabricated by an industrially scalable screen-printing technique. The planar separator-free Zn//MnO2 MBs, tested in neutral aqueous electrolyte, deliver a high volumetric capacity of 19.3 mAh/cm3 (corresponding to 393 mAh/g) at 7.5 mA/cm3, and notable volumetric energy density of 17.3 mWh/cm3, outperforming lithium thin-film batteries (≤10 mWh/cm3). Furthermore, our Zn//MnO2 MBs present long-term cyclability having a high capacity retention of 83.9% after 1300 cycles at 5 C, which is superior to stacked Zn//MnO2 batteries previously reported. Also, Zn//MnO2 planar MBs exhibit exceptional flexibility without observable capacity decay under serious deformation, and remarkably serial and parallel integration of constructing bipolar cells with high voltage and capacity output. Therefore, low-cost, environmentally benign Zn//MnO2 MBs with in-plane geometry possess huge potential as high-energy, safe, scalable and flexible microscale power sources for direction integration with printed electronics.
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Wruck, W. J., B. Reichman, K. R. Bullock, and W. ‐H Kao. "Rechargeable Zn ‐ MnO2 Alkaline Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 138, no. 12 (1991): 3560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2085459.
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Wang, Da Hui, Sha Zhang, and Ji Hong Xia. "Study on Mechanism of Desulfurization by Spent Zn-MnO2 Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.452.
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The mechanism of a novel desulfurization method using spent Zn-MnO2 batteries has been studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and the experiments of SO2 absorption. The XRD results show that the positive electrode of spent Zn-MnO2 batteries consists of a mixture of α-MnO2, Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 phase. The SEM results show that micropores and microparticles are observed in the positive electrode surface, the relative content of zinc and graphite increases in the positive electrode after discharging according to EDS. The results of absorption experiments show that the electrolyte of spent batteries is of weak alkali which verifies the feasibility of absorbing SO2 using spent Zn-MnO2 batteries. Furthermore, the solution obtained by washing the positive electrode with low concentration ammonia is of much better desulfurization efficiency than that with distilled water directly, and 40°C is the optimum to absorb SO2 at a range of 30-70°C.
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Kankanallu, Varun, Xiaoyin Zheng, Cheng-Hung Lin, Nicole Zmich, Mingyuan Ge, and Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart. "Elucidating MnO2 Reaction Mechanism By Multi-Modal Characterization in Aqueous Zn-MnO2 Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024401mtgabs.
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Aqueous Zn-ion batteries has attracted great attention in recent years, as a promising candidate for grid energy storage applications. An aqueous system offers intrinsic safety, high ionic conductivity contributing improved power capability and raw materials that are more earth abundant and environment friendly. Numerous promising reports haven been focusing on the Zn/MnO2 system owing to its low cost, moderate discharge potentials and with improved reversibility in the mild aqueous electrolyte. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding its reaction mechanism. The different reaction mechanisms including Zn+2 insertion, H+ insertion, chemical conversion reaction including the combined intercalation and conversion reaction mechanism, and the dissolution-deposition of the manganese oxide. In this work, we aim to unravel the reaction mechanism by a systematic multimodal synchrotron characterization. This work discusses the galvano-static charge-discharge process of aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries using operando measurements, which provides us with a direct insight into the phenomenon and can be directly correlated to the battery's electrochemical response. The multimodal techniques include operando X-ray diffraction to study the structural phase change of the cathode active material, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy to probe the local structure changes and transmission X-ray microscopy studies to observe the key morphological events. Overall, this multimodal approach gives us an insight into the reaction mechanism enabling us to better design Zn-MnO2 batteries for practical applications.
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Senthilkumar, S. T., Hussain Alawadhi, and Anis Allagui. "Enhancing aqueous Zn-Mn battery performance using Na+ ion conducting ceramic membrane." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2751, no. 1 (2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2751/1/012005.
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Abstract The low cell voltage and capacity of conventional Zn-MnO2 batteries often result in limited energy density. In this study, we assembled a Zn-MnO2 battery based on the acid-alkaline electrolyte decoupled concept and reversible MnO2/Mn2+ deposition/dissolution chemistry to increase the cell voltage and capacity. We used a Na+ ion conducting NASICON ceramic membrane in the battery to decouple the acid and alkaline electrolytes effectively. The assembled Zn-MnO2 battery demonstrated a cell voltage of 2.43 V and a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90% at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2. It also exhibited excellent rechargeability with continuous charge and discharge cycles. After 100 cycles, the battery exhibits a capacity of 0.36 mAh with a maximum CE of 93.42%. A study on the battery’s self-discharge performance showed that a maximum of 71% capacity could be recovered from the charged battery after 24 hours of rest. Finally, we fabricated a pouch-type acid-alkaline electrolyte decoupled Zn-MnO2 battery and examined its feasibility.
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Cho, Jungsang, Gautam Ganapati Yadav, Meir Weiner, et al. "Hydroxyl Conducting Hydrogels Enable Low-Maintenance Commercially Sized Rechargeable Zn–MnO2 Batteries for Use in Solar Microgrids." Polymers 14, no. 3 (2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030417.
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Zinc (Zn)–manganese dioxide (MnO2) rechargeable batteries have attracted research interest because of high specific theoretical capacity as well as being environmentally friendly, intrinsically safe and low-cost. Liquid electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide, are historically used in these batteries; however, many failure mechanisms of the Zn–MnO2 battery chemistry result from the use of liquid electrolytes, including the formation of electrochemically inert phases such as hetaerolite (ZnMn2O4) and the promotion of shape change of the Zn electrode. This manuscript reports on the fundamental and commercial results of gel electrolytes for use in rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries as an alternative to liquid electrolytes. The manuscript also reports on novel properties of the gelled electrolyte such as limiting the overdischarge of Zn anodes, which is a problem in liquid electrolyte, and finally its use in solar microgrid applications, which is a first in academic literature. Potentiostatic and galvanostatic tests with the optimized gel electrolyte showed higher capacity retention compared to the tests with the liquid electrolyte, suggesting that gel electrolyte helps reduce Mn3+ dissolution and zincate ion migration from the Zn anode, improving reversibility. Cycling tests for commercially sized prismatic cells showed the gel electrolyte had exceptional cycle life, showing 100% capacity retention for >700 cycles at 9.5 Ah and for >300 cycles at 19 Ah, while the 19 Ah prismatic cell with a liquid electrolyte showed discharge capacity degradation at 100th cycle. We also performed overdischarge protection tests, in which a commercialized prismatic cell with the gel electrolyte was discharged to 0 V and achieved stable discharge capacities, while the liquid electrolyte cell showed discharge capacity fade in the first few cycles. Finally, the gel electrolyte batteries were tested under IEC solar off-grid protocol. It was noted that the gelled Zn–MnO2 batteries outperformed the Pb–acid batteries. Additionally, a designed system nameplated at 2 kWh with a 12 V system with 72 prismatic cells was tested with the same protocol, and it has entered its third year of cycling. This suggests that Zn–MnO2 rechargeable batteries with the gel electrolyte will be an ideal candidate for solar microgrid systems and grid storage in general.
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Gao, Feifei, Wenchao Shi, Bowen Jiang, Zhenzhi Xia, Lei Zhang, and Qinyou An. "Ni/Fe Bimetallic Ions Co-Doped Manganese Dioxide Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 1 (2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010050.
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The slow diffusion dynamics hinder aqueous MnO2/Zn batteries’ further development. Here, a Ni/Fe bimetallic co-doped MnO2 (NFMO) cathode material was studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental characterization techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The results indicated that the energy band structure and electronic state of MnO2 were effectively optimized due to the simultaneous incorporation of strongly electronegative Ni and Fe ions. Consequently, the NFMO cathode material exhibited a faster charge transfer and ion diffusion dynamics than MnO2 (MO), thus, the assembled NFMO/Zn batteries delivered excellent rate performance (181 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1). The bimetallic ions co-doping strategy provides new directions for the development of oxide cathode materials towards high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
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Huang, Yalan, Wanyi He, Peng Zhang, and Xihong Lu. "Nitrogen-doped MnO2 nanorods as cathodes for high-energy Zn-MnO2 batteries." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 06 (2018): 1840006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718400064.
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The development of manganese dioxide (MnO[Formula: see text] as the cathode for aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries is hindered by poor capacity. Herein, we propose a high-capacity MnO2 cathode constructed by engineering it with N-doping (N-MnO[Formula: see text] for a high-performance Zn-MnO2 battery. Benefiting from N element doping, the conductivity of N-MnO2 nanorods (NRs) electrode has been improved and the dissolution of the cathode during cycling can be relieved to some extent. The fabricated Zn-N-MnO2 battery based on the N-MnO2 cathode and a Zn foil anode presents an a real capacity of 0.31[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] at 2[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], together with a remarkable energy density of 154.3[Formula: see text]Wh[Formula: see text]kg[Formula: see text] and a peak power density of 6914.7[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]kg[Formula: see text], substantially higher than most recently reported energy storage devices. The strategy of N doping can also bring intensive interest for other electrode materials for energy storage systems.