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1

Durena, Ramona, and Anzelms Zukuls. "A Short Review: Comparison of Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Batteries with Different pH Aqueous Electrolytes." Batteries 9, no. 6 (2023): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060311.

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As the world moves towards sustainable and renewable energy sources, there is a need for reliable energy storage systems. A good candidate for such an application could be to improve secondary aqueous zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO2) batteries. For this reason, different aqueous Zn-MnO2 battery technologies are discussed in this short review, focusing on how electrolytes with different pH affect the battery. Improvements and achievements in alkaline aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries the recent years have been briefly reviewed. Additionally, mild to acidic aqueous electrolyte employment in Zn-MnO2 batt
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2

Yadav, Gautam, Jinchao Huang, Meir Weiner, et al. "Improvements in Performance and Cost Reduction of Large-Scale Rechargeable Zinc|Manganese Dioxide Batteries and a Future Roadmap Driven through Real World Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 3 (2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013452mtgabs.

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Zinc|Manganese Dioxide (Zn|MnO2) are widely available as primary batteries for use in small-scale consumer electronics because of its low cost and high energy density. The last decade has seen a resurgence in research to make this chemistry rechargeable by materials engineering, additives and experimenting with various electrolytes. These important contributions have showed that Zn|MnO2 has all the prerequisites to be a post-lithium solution for grid-scale storage. At Urban Electric Power, we have been commercializing proton-insertion Zn|MnO2 batteries in cylindrical and prismatic form factors
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3

Wang, Xiao, Shuanghao Zheng, Feng Zhou, et al. "Scalable fabrication of printed Zn//MnO2 planar micro-batteries with high volumetric energy density and exceptional safety." National Science Review 7, no. 1 (2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz070.

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Abstract The rapid development of printed and microscale electronics imminently requires compatible micro-batteries (MBs) with high performance, applicable scalability, and exceptional safety, but faces great challenges from the ever-reported stacked geometry. Herein the first printed planar prototype of aqueous-based, high-safety Zn//MnO2 MBs, with outstanding performance, aesthetic diversity, flexibility and modularization, is demonstrated, based on interdigital patterns of Zn ink as anode and MnO2 ink as cathode, with high-conducting graphene ink as a metal-free current collector, fabricate
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4

Wruck, W. J., B. Reichman, K. R. Bullock, and W. ‐H Kao. "Rechargeable Zn ‐ MnO2 Alkaline Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 138, no. 12 (1991): 3560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2085459.

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5

Wang, Da Hui, Sha Zhang, and Ji Hong Xia. "Study on Mechanism of Desulfurization by Spent Zn-MnO2 Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.452.

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The mechanism of a novel desulfurization method using spent Zn-MnO2 batteries has been studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and the experiments of SO2 absorption. The XRD results show that the positive electrode of spent Zn-MnO2 batteries consists of a mixture of α-MnO2, Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 phase. The SEM results show that micropores and microparticles are observed in the positive electrode surface, the relative content of zinc and graphite increases in the positive electrode after discharging according to EDS. The results of
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6

Kankanallu, Varun, Xiaoyin Zheng, Cheng-Hung Lin, Nicole Zmich, Mingyuan Ge, and Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart. "Elucidating MnO2 Reaction Mechanism By Multi-Modal Characterization in Aqueous Zn-MnO2 Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024401mtgabs.

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Aqueous Zn-ion batteries has attracted great attention in recent years, as a promising candidate for grid energy storage applications. An aqueous system offers intrinsic safety, high ionic conductivity contributing improved power capability and raw materials that are more earth abundant and environment friendly. Numerous promising reports haven been focusing on the Zn/MnO2 system owing to its low cost, moderate discharge potentials and with improved reversibility in the mild aqueous electrolyte. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding its reaction mechanism. The different reaction
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7

Senthilkumar, S. T., Hussain Alawadhi, and Anis Allagui. "Enhancing aqueous Zn-Mn battery performance using Na+ ion conducting ceramic membrane." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2751, no. 1 (2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2751/1/012005.

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Abstract The low cell voltage and capacity of conventional Zn-MnO2 batteries often result in limited energy density. In this study, we assembled a Zn-MnO2 battery based on the acid-alkaline electrolyte decoupled concept and reversible MnO2/Mn2+ deposition/dissolution chemistry to increase the cell voltage and capacity. We used a Na+ ion conducting NASICON ceramic membrane in the battery to decouple the acid and alkaline electrolytes effectively. The assembled Zn-MnO2 battery demonstrated a cell voltage of 2.43 V and a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90% at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2. It also
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8

Cho, Jungsang, Gautam Ganapati Yadav, Meir Weiner, et al. "Hydroxyl Conducting Hydrogels Enable Low-Maintenance Commercially Sized Rechargeable Zn–MnO2 Batteries for Use in Solar Microgrids." Polymers 14, no. 3 (2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030417.

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Zinc (Zn)–manganese dioxide (MnO2) rechargeable batteries have attracted research interest because of high specific theoretical capacity as well as being environmentally friendly, intrinsically safe and low-cost. Liquid electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide, are historically used in these batteries; however, many failure mechanisms of the Zn–MnO2 battery chemistry result from the use of liquid electrolytes, including the formation of electrochemically inert phases such as hetaerolite (ZnMn2O4) and the promotion of shape change of the Zn electrode. This manuscript reports on the fundamental
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9

Gao, Feifei, Wenchao Shi, Bowen Jiang, Zhenzhi Xia, Lei Zhang, and Qinyou An. "Ni/Fe Bimetallic Ions Co-Doped Manganese Dioxide Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 1 (2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010050.

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The slow diffusion dynamics hinder aqueous MnO2/Zn batteries’ further development. Here, a Ni/Fe bimetallic co-doped MnO2 (NFMO) cathode material was studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental characterization techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The results indicated that the energy band structure and electronic state of MnO2 were effectively optimized due to the simultaneous incorporation of strongly electronegative Ni and Fe ions. Consequently, the NFMO cat
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10

Huang, Yalan, Wanyi He, Peng Zhang, and Xihong Lu. "Nitrogen-doped MnO2 nanorods as cathodes for high-energy Zn-MnO2 batteries." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 06 (2018): 1840006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718400064.

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The development of manganese dioxide (MnO[Formula: see text] as the cathode for aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries is hindered by poor capacity. Herein, we propose a high-capacity MnO2 cathode constructed by engineering it with N-doping (N-MnO[Formula: see text] for a high-performance Zn-MnO2 battery. Benefiting from N element doping, the conductivity of N-MnO2 nanorods (NRs) electrode has been improved and the dissolution of the cathode during cycling can be relieved to some extent. The fabricated Zn-N-MnO2 battery based on the N-MnO2 cathode and a Zn foil anode presents an a real capacity of 0.31[For
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11

Liu, Shuang, Wenyong Chen, Fantai Kong, Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, and Shuanghong Chen. "The Origin of Capacity Degradation and Regulation Strategy in Aqueous Zn-MnO2 Battery with Manganese Acetate." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 170, no. 3 (2023): 030545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acc693.

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MnO2-based rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted wide attention as the next-generation large-scale, safe energy storage technology. However, the capacity decay process of Zn-MnO2 batteries remains poorly understood because of the complicated reaction mechanism, which may lead to incorrect interpretations and methods to improve the cycle stability. In this study, the capacity decay mechanism was demonstrated for Zn-MnO2 batteries with manganese acetate as an electrolyte additive. It is found that zinc hydroxide sulfate has a beneficial effect on the battery capacity, but
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12

Spoerke, Erik D., Howard Passell, Gabriel Cowles, et al. "Driving Zn-MnO2 grid-scale batteries: A roadmap to cost-effective energy storage." MRS Energy & Sustainability 9, no. 1 (2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43581-021-00018-4.

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Highlights Zn-MnO2 batteries promise safe, reliable energy storage, and this roadmap outlines a combination of manufacturing strategies and technical innovations that could make this goal achievable. Approaches such as improved efficiency of manufacturing and increasing active material utilization will be important to getting costs as low as $100/kWh, but key materials innovations that facilitate the full 2-electron capacity utilization of MnO2, the use of high energy density 3D electrodes, and the promise of a separator-free battery with greater than 2V potential offer a route to batteries at
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13

Wu, Lisha, Ying Zhang, Ping Shang, Yanfeng Dong, and Zhong-Shuai Wu. "Redistributing Zn ion flux by bifunctional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for dendrite-free zinc metal anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 48 (2021): 27408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08697a.

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14

Lahiri, Abhishek, and Arunabhiram Chutia. "Understanding Aluminium Electrochemistry in Aqueous and Aqueous-Ionic Liquid Mixtures for Aluminium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 56 (2023): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02562715mtgabs.

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Among various batteries, Aluminium ion batteries are potential low-cost alternatives to Li-ion batteries, which possess highest theoretical volumetric capacity of 8056 mAh cm-3 and a modest gravimetric capacity of 2981 mAh g-1. 1 However, due to passive layer formation of Aluminium and lack of suitable cathode materials, there are major challenges to overcome in order to accomplish a suitable Al-ion battery. Here, we have studied the Al electrochemistry on electrodeposited MnO2 cathode and Zn anode in aqueous and aqueous-ionic liquid mixtures. Both from experiment and DFT calculations, we show
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15

Zuo, Linqing, Haodong Sun, Xinhai Yuan та ін. "Agar Acts as Cathode Microskin to Extend the Cycling Life of Zn//α-MnO2 Batteries". Materials 14, № 17 (2021): 4895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174895.

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The Zn/MnO2 battery is a promising energy storage system, owing to its high energy density and low cost, but due to the dissolution of the cathode material, its cycle life is limited, which hinders its further development. Therefore, we introduced agar as a microskin for a MnO2 electrode to improve its cycle life and optimize other electrochemical properties. The results showed that the agar-coating layer improved the wettability of the electrode material, thereby promoting the diffusion rate of Zn2+ and reducing the interface impedance of the MnO2 electrode material. Therefore, the Zn/MnO2 ba
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16

Garcia, Eric M., Hosane A. Tarôco, Júlio O. F. Melo, Ana Paula C. M. Silva, and Ione M. F. Oliveira. "Electrochemical recycling of Zn from spent Zn–MnO2 batteries." Ionics 19, no. 11 (2013): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-013-0997-8.

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17

Kamenskii, Mikhail A., Filipp S. Volkov, Svetlana N. Eliseeva, Elena G. Tolstopyatova, and Veniamin V. Kondratiev. "Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance of Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries by Structural and Interfacial Design of MnO2 Cathodes: The Metal Ion Doping and Introduction of Conducting Polymers." Energies 16, no. 7 (2023): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073221.

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) and, in particular, Zn//MnO2 rechargeable batteries have attracted great attention due to the abundant natural resources of zinc and manganese, low cost, environmental friendliness, and high operating voltage. Among the various ways to improve the electrochemical performance of MnO2-based cathodes, the development of MnO2 cathodes doped with metal ions or composites of MnO2 with conducting polymers has shown such advantages as increasing the specific capacity and cycling stability. This mini-review focuses on the strategies to improve the electrochemical perf
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18

Shi, Xin, Xinyue Liu, Xianshuo Cao, Xiaoning Cheng, and Xihong Lu. "Oxygen functionalized interface enables high MnO2 electrolysis kinetics for high energy aqueous Zn-MnO2 decoupled battery." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 14 (2022): 143903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116388.

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Aqueous Zn-based batteries show great potential in large scale energy storage system due to their low-cost and high-safety merits. However, the practical application of Zn-based batteries is restricted by their inferior energy and power densities, which is resulted from the low output voltage and poor reaction kinetics of cathode materials. To address the above issues, we propose a decoupled aqueous Zn–Mn battery with high-rate and high-voltage by using oxygen functionalized carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) substrate. The functional interface can greatly improve the wettability of the electrode, promo
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19

Rudhziah, Siti, Salmiah Ibrahim, and Mohamed Nor Sabirin. "Polymer Electrolyte of PVDF-HFP/PEMA-NH4CF3So3-TiO2 and its Application in Proton Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.285.

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In this study, composite polymer electrolytes were prepared by addition of titanium oxide, TiO2nanofiller into polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene/polymethyl methacrylate-ammonium triflate (PVDF-HFP/PEMA-NH4CF3SO3) complex. The effect of TiO2on conductivity of the complex was examined using impedance spectroscopy. The highest room temperature conductivity of 1.32 × 10-3S cm-1was shown by the system containing 5 wt % of TiO2. This system was used for the fabrication of proton batteries with the configurations of (Zn + ZnSO4.7H2O + C + PTFE)/PVDF-HFP/PEMA-NH4CF3SO3-(5wt%)TiO2/(MnO2 +
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20

Vijayakumar, Vidyanand, Arun Torris, Maria Kurian, et al. "A sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol ionomer membrane favoring smooth electrodeposition of zinc for aqueous rechargeable zinc metal batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 21 (2021): 5557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se00865j.

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Sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol ionomer membrane for aqueous rechargeable zinc-metal batteries shows its superiority over the non-ionomer counterpart, ensuring smooth Zn electrodeposition and better cycling stability in MnO2‖Zn cells.
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21

Huang, Lanxiang, Yilin Chen, Pu Deng, et al. "Manganese vacancies and tunnel pillars synergistically improve the electrochemical performance of MnO2 in aqueous Zn ion batteries." RSC Advances 13, no. 43 (2023): 30511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra05074b.

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Decrease of AOS of Mn and higher BE value of O 1s suggest that doped Nb5+ created Mn vacancies and as tunnel pillars enhanced the stability of MnO2. Both synergistically improved electrochemical performance of MnO2 in aqueous Zn ion batteries.
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22

Li, Bing, Jianwei Chai, Xiaoming Ge, et al. "Sheet-on-Sheet Hierarchical Nanostructured C@MnO2 for Zn-Air and Zn-MnO2 Batteries." ChemNanoMat 3, no. 6 (2017): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201700043.

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23

Chomkhuntod, Praeploy, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Salatan Duangdangchote, Nutthaphon Phattharasupakun, and Montree Sawangphruk. "The charge density of intercalants inside layered birnessite manganese oxide nanosheets determining Zn-ion storage capability towards rechargeable Zn-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 10 (2022): 5561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09968j.

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Rechargeable aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries have been considered as one of the promising alternative energy technologies due to their high abundance, environmental friendliness, and safety of both Zn–metal anodes and manganese oxide cathodes.
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24

Liu, Cheng, Wenhai Wang, Ashley Black Serra, et al. "Tracking Mn and Zn in Rechargeable Aqueous Zn-MnO2 Batteries By Operando X-Ray Absorption." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 55 (2023): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02552705mtgabs.

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Zn-MnO2 batteries with mildly acidic electrolytes are a promising chemistry for large scale storage thanks to their remarkable energy density, low cost, and high safety. This is mainly obtained thanks to the high capacity of the Zn metal anode, and the nonflammable character of the aqueous electrolyte. MnO2 is one of the most common cathode of choice, not only for being Earth-abundant, but also because it can undergo a two-electron mechanism, which is however complex and still not fully understood. There is currently agreement in considering for discharge a MnO2 dissolution, leading to soluble
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25

Luo, Lei, Zhaorui Wen, Guo Hong, and Shi Chen. "Reliable lateral Zn deposition along (002) plane by oxidized PAN separator for zinc-ion batteries." RSC Advances 13, no. 50 (2023): 34947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra05177c.

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Oxidized polyacrylonitrile (OPAN) separator promotes Zn2+ transference and regulates Zn growth along (002) plane in Zn//MnO2 batteries. The symmetric cell cycles 1300 hours or 65% DOD and the full cell cycles >5000 times with little decay.
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26

Tang, Zhichu, Wenxiang Chen, Zhiheng Lyu та Qian Chen. "Size-Dependent Reaction Mechanism of λ-MnO2 Particles as Cathodes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries". Energy Material Advances 2022 (9 лютого 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9765710.

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Manganese dioxide (MnO2) with different crystal structures has been widely investigated as the cathode material for Zn-ion batteries, among which spinel λ-MnO2 is yet rarely reported because Zn-ion intercalation in spinel lattice is speculated to be limited by the narrow three-dimensional tunnels. In this work, we demonstrate that Zn-ion insertion in spinel lattice can be enhanced by reducing particle size and elucidate an intriguing electrochemical reaction mechanism dependent on particle size. Specifically, λ-MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs, ~80 nm) deliver a high capacity of 250 mAh/g at 20 mA/g du
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27

Osenberg, Markus, Ingo Manke, André Hilger, Nikolay Kardjilov, and John Banhart. "An X-ray Tomographic Study of Rechargeable Zn/MnO2 Batteries." Materials 11, no. 9 (2018): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091486.

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We present non-destructive and non-invasive in operando X-ray tomographic investigations of the charge and discharge behavior of rechargeable alkaline-manganese (RAM) batteries (Zn-MnO2 batteries). Changes in the three-dimensional structure of the zinc anode and the MnO2 cathode material after several charge/discharge cycles were analyzed. Battery discharge leads to a decrease in the zinc particle sizes, revealing a layer-by-layer dissolving behavior. During charging, the particles grow again to almost their initial size and shape. After several cycles, the particles sizes slowly decrease unti
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28

Cho, Jungsang, Damon E. Turney, Gautam Ganapati Yadav, et al. "Use of Hydrogel Electrolyte in Zn-MnO2 Rechargeable Batteries: Characterization of Safety, Performance, and Cu2+ Ion Diffusion." Polymers 16, no. 5 (2024): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16050658.

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Achieving commercially acceptable Zn-MnO2 rechargeable batteries depends on the reversibility of active zinc and manganese materials, and avoiding side reactions during the second electron reaction of MnO2. Typically, liquid electrolytes such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) are used for Zn-MnO2 rechargeable batteries. However, it is known that using liquid electrolytes causes the formation of electrochemically inactive materials, such as precipitation Mn3O4 or ZnMn2O4 resulting from the uncontrollable reaction of Mn3+ dissolved species with zincate ions. In this paper, hydrogel electrolytes are t
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29

You, Kun, Yifei Yuan, Xiuxian Liao, et al. "Electrochemical Study of Polymorphic MnO2 in Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc Batteries." Crystals 12, no. 11 (2022): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111600.

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Manganese dioxide is regarded as a promising energy functional material due to its open tunnel structure with enormous applications in energy storage and catalysis. In this paper, α-MnO2 with a 2 × 2 tunnel structure and β-MnO2 with a 1 × 1 tunnel structure were hydrothermally synthesized, which possess characteristic tunnel structures formed by the interconnected unit structure of [MnO6] octahedrons. With regards to their different tunnel dimensions, the specific mechanism of ion intercalation in these two phases and the effect on their performance as aqueous Zn-MnO2 battery cathodes are expl
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Chen, Junyan, Yang Zhou, Mohammad S. Islam, et al. "Carbon fiber reinforced Zn–MnO2 structural composite batteries." Composites Science and Technology 209 (June 2021): 108787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108787.

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31

Freitas, M. B. J. G., V. C. Pegoretti, and M. K. Pietre. "Recycling manganese from spent Zn-MnO2 primary batteries." Journal of Power Sources 164, no. 2 (2007): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.050.

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Liu, Xiaoyu, Jin Yi, Kai Wu, et al. "Rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries: advances, challenges and perspectives." Nanotechnology 31, no. 12 (2020): 122001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab5b38.

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Ismail, Yanny Marliana Baba, Habsah Haliman, and Ahmad Azmin Mohamad. "Hydroponics Polymer Gels for Zn-MnO2 Alkaline Batteries." International Journal of Electrochemical Science 7, no. 4 (2012): 3555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1452-3981(23)13977-0.

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34

Wei, Zhaohuan, Jun Cheng, Rui Wang, Yang Li, and Yaqi Ren. "From spent Zn–MnO2 primary batteries to rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries: A novel directly recycling route with high battery performance." Journal of Environmental Management 298 (November 2021): 113473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113473.

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35

Chomkhuntod, Praeploy, and Montree Sawangphruk. "Understanding the Effect of Pre-Intercalated Cations on Zn-Ion Storage Mechanism of Layered Birnessite Manganese Oxide for Aqueous Zn-ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01125mtgabs.

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With the rapid growth of energy consumption, tremendous research efforts have been dedicated to achieving sustainable and green energy storage systems, owing to environmental concerns. Over the past few years, rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have become a compelling alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Although LIBs have been successfully commercialized due to their high energy density, their organic-based electrolytes are highly volatile and flammable. Therefore, aqueous Zn-ion batteries have emerged as promising energy storage devices, owing to the benefits of water-ba
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36

Li, Gang, Hai Liang, Haifang Ren, Linhan Zhou та Mohamed Hashem. "Enhanced High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries with Copper-Doped α-MnO2 Nanosheets Cathodes". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 18, № 8 (2023): 931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3484.

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Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered considerable interest due to their eco-friendly nature, cost-efficiency, and remarkable safety features, making them a compelling contender for next-generation energy storage systems. Within the extensive array of cathode materials investigated for ZIBs, manganese-based materials stand out for their notable attributes, including low toxicity and high voltage. Nevertheless, their widespread application has been impeded by challenges related to poor cycling stability, low electrical conductivity, and intricate energy storage mechanisms. In this stu
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37

Tao, Jiayou, Jie Liao, Zhijun Zou, Gaohua Liao, Chang Li, and Sanjie Liu. "Polypyrrole-Coated Manganese Dioxide Nanowires and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as High-Performance Electrodes for Zinc-Ion Batteries." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 4 (2021): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2979.

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Free-standing films based on MnO2@multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)@Polypyrrole (PPy) have been fabricated for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. A simple hydrothermal method was adopted to synthesize ß-MnO2 nanowires. PPy coated the ß-MnO2 nanowires@MWCNTs composite by an in-situ polymerization process. Free-standing films of ß-MnO2@MWCNTs@PPy composite were prepared by a convenient vacuum-assisted filtration. A zinc-ion battery is fabricated with a zinc foil anode and a ß-MnO2@MWCNTs@PPy composite cathode. The Zn//ß-MnO2@ MWCNTs@PPy system in ZnSO4@MnSO4 aqueous electrolyte exhibits high elect
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38

Brito, Paulo S. D., Sandra Patrício, Luiz F. Rodrigues, and César A. C. Sequeira. "Electrodeposition of Zn–Mn alloys from recycling Zn–MnO2 batteries solutions." Surface and Coatings Technology 206, no. 13 (2012): 3036–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.11.036.

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Wang, Lei, Qiyuan Wu, Alyson Abraham та ін. "Silver-Containing α-MnO2 Nanorods: Electrochemistry in Rechargeable Aqueous Zn-MnO2 Batteries". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, № 15 (2019): A3575—A3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0101915jes.

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Wang, Kehuang, Mingliang Shangguan, Yibo Zhao, et al. "Flexible and Stable N-Isopropylacrylamide/Sodium Alginate Gel Electrolytes for Aqueous Zn-MNO2 Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 8 (2023): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080426.

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Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their high theoretical capacity of 820 mA h g−1, low cost and intrinsic safety. However, the electrolyte leakage and the instability issues of Zn negative electrodes originating from side reactions between the aqueous electrolyte and Zn negative electrode not only restrict the battery stability, but also result in the short circuit of aqueous ZIBs. Herein, we report a flexible and stable N-isopropylacrylamide/sodium alginate (N-SA) gel electrolyte, which possesses high mechanical strength and high ionic
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41

Tran, Lan-Huong, Kulchaya Tanong, Ahlame Dalila Jabir, Guy Mercier, and Jean-François Blais. "Hydrometallurgical Process and Economic Evaluation for Recovery of Zinc and Manganese from Spent Alkaline Batteries." Metals 10, no. 9 (2020): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091175.

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An innovative, efficient, and economically viable process for the recycling of spent alkaline batteries is presented herein. The developed process allows for the selective recovery of Zn and Mn metals present in alkaline batteries. The hydrometallurgical process consists of a physical pre-treatment step for separating out the metal powder containing Zn and Mn, followed by a chemical treatment step for the recovery of these metals. Sulfuric acid was used for the first leaching process to dissolve Zn(II) and Mn(II) into the leachate. After purification, Mn was recovered in the form of MnO2, and
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42

Liu, Yi, Yuyin Zhang, and Xiang Wu. "Polypyrrole Film Decorated Manganese Oxide Electrode Materials for High-Efficient Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery." Crystals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101445.

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have raised wide concern as a new generation energy storage device due to their high capacity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. It is a crucial step to develop the ideal cathode materials that match well with the Zn anode. In this work, we report polypyrrole-(PPy)-encapsulated MnO2 nanowires as cathode materials for AZIBs. The assembled Zn//MnO2@PPy batteries deliver a reversible capacity of 385.7 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Also, they possess an energy density of 192 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 50 W kg−1. The cells show long-term cy
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43

Yadav, Gautam, Meir Weiner, Aditya Upreti, et al. "The Advent of Aqueous >2.85V Zn-MnO2 Batteries: Uncovering Novel Mechanisms in This New High Voltage Chemistry." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01122mtgabs.

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Alkaline zinc (Zn)-manganese dioxide (MnO2) batteries are ubiquitous, safe, cheap and used in several applications that require only a single discharge. Its impact in the developing world has been significant where its affordability has helped consumers with low to medium economic background power several of their household devices and flashlights when grid reliability has been poor. Its single discharge is enough to deliver an energy density of ~400Wh/L. However, its promising characteristics are outweighed by its limited use in the next generation of green energy technologies because of the
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44

Zhu, Ruijie, Sho Kitano, Daniel King, Chunyu Zhu, Yoshitaka Aoki, and Hiroki Habazaki. "High Strength Hydrogel Enables Dendrite-Free Zn Metal Anodes and High-Capacity Zn-MnO2 Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 4 (2022): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-014560mtgabs.

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Introduction Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs) have some inherent advantages such as intrinsic safety, low-cost and theoretically high energy density, making them a current topic of interest. The problem is, dendritic growth of zinc (Zn) metal during electrodeposition occurs whatever alkaline electrolyte or neutral electrolyte, which will break the separator and cause a short-circuit inside the battery. Unless a solution can be found to effectively limit the growth of dendrites, the real-world application of RAZIBs will be nowhere in sight. In this report, by using a glass fiber
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45

Lin, Gang, Xiaoliang Zhou, Limin Liu, et al. "Performance improvement of aqueous zinc batteries by zinc oxide and Ketjen black co-modified glass fiber separators." RSC Advances 13, no. 10 (2023): 6453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07745k.

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Co-modification of ZnO and KB is effective in improving the electrochemical performance of the cells. When the rate of ZnO and KB equals 6 : 3 in mass, the modified Zn//Zn and Zn//MnO2 showed excellent electrochemical performance.
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46

Madej, E., M. Espig, R. R. Baumann, W. Schuhmann, and F. La Mantia. "Optimization of primary printed batteries based on Zn/MnO2." Journal of Power Sources 261 (September 2014): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.103.

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47

Li, Yun, Shanyu Wang, James R. Salvador, et al. "Reaction Mechanisms for Long-Life Rechargeable Zn/MnO2 Batteries." Chemistry of Materials 31, no. 6 (2019): 2036–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05093.

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48

Noh, Jun Ho, Myoungeun Oh, Sunjin Kang, et al. "Wearable and Washable MnO2−Zn Battery Packaged by Vacuum Sealing." Nanomaterials 13, no. 2 (2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13020265.

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Batteries are used in all types of electronic devices from conventional to advanced devices. Currently, batteries are evolving in the direction of extremely personalized yarn− or textile−structured textronic systems. However, the absence of a protective layer on such batteries is a critical limitation to their practical use. In this study, we developed a wearable and washable MnO2−Zn textile battery that maintains its electrochemical capacity under various external environmental conditions through a vacuum−sealed packaging. The packaged textile battery was fabricated by vacuuming a polymer env
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Yeşiltepe, Selçuk, Mehmet Buğdaycı, Onuralp Yücel, and Mustafa Şeşen. "Recycling of Alkaline Batteries via a Carbothermal Reduction Process." Batteries 5, no. 1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010035.

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Primary battery recycling has important environmental and economic benefits. According to battery sales worldwide, the most used battery type is alkaline batteries with 75% of market share due to having a higher performance than other primary batteries such as Zn–MnO2. In this study, carbothermal reduction for zinc oxide from battery waste was completed for both vacuum and Ar atmospheres. Thermodynamic data are evaluated for vacuum and Ar atmosphere reduction reactions and results for Zn reduction/evaporation are compared via the FactSage program. Zn vapor and manganese oxide were obtained as
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Liao, Yanxin, Chun Yang, Qimeng Xu, et al. "Ag-Doping Effect on MnO2 Cathodes for Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Zinc-Ion Batteries." Batteries 8, no. 12 (2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8120267.

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Rechargeable aqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries are very potential for large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost, inherent safety, and high theoretical capacity. However, the MnO2 cathode delivers unsatisfactory cycling performance owing to its low intrinsic electronic conductivity and dissolution issue. Herein, we design and synthesize a Ag-doped sea-urchin-like MnO2 material for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Doping Ag was found to reduce charge transfer resistance, increase the redox activity, and improve the cycling stability of MnO2. The unique sea-urchin-like struct
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