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Journal articles on the topic 'ZN stain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Madhusmita, Choudhury, Kumar Deka Monoj, Das Arindam, Das Soumistha, and Ahmed Choudhury Salman. "A Clinicopathological Study of Patients with Cutaneous Granulomatous Lesions with Reference to Special Stain." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 2 (2024): 743–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11074365.

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Granulation reaction pattern is defined as “Granulomatous inflammation is a form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of activated macrophages, often with T lymphocytes, and sometimes associated with central necrosis”. Granulomatous disease comprises some of the widespread diseases in the world such as leprosy and tuberculosis. Granulomatous inflammation in the skin could be due to infectious or non-infectious causes. Common infectious causes of granulomatous skin lesions include leprosy, TB, leishmaniasis and fungal infections. Uses of special stains such as ZN sta

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Mittal, Ruchi, Sunil Agarwal, Kalandi Ch Muduli, Srikant Sahu, and Sujata Das. "Acid and heat fastness in microsporidia: How acid fast are acid fast microsporidium?" Medical Mycology 58, no. 7 (2020): 1010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz137.

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Abstract Microsporidia are obligate spore-forming microorganisms with strong resemblance to fungi and can affect almost every organ system in immunocompetent or immunocompromised individuals. Mixed infections are also reported in immunocompromised hosts. Microsporidial spores show marked morphological variations and the small and slender forms can resemble bacilli. Modified Zeihl Neelsen (ZN) stain, cold method demonstrates them as bright red in color, leaving several spores blue or incompletely stained; thus, they are reported as weakly or variably acid fast. Variability in staining results w

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3

Kumar, Avinash, and P. Das. "Case Series of Pott’s Spine Diagnosed by ZN Stain and BacTec MGIT in a Tertiary Care Hospital." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 17, no. 1 (2019): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v17i1.25028.

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Introduction: Pott’s spine is a destructive form of tuberculosis and accounts for approximately half of all cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Spinal Tuberculosis is most often missed due to inadequate sample and lack of clinical history. Most of the Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) can be diagnosed by Ziehl Nelson stain (ZN) only, when clinically suspected samples are adequate and optimally stained. We are reporting four case series of spinal tuberculosis diagnosed by ZN stain and confirmed by Bactec MGIT Culture. Material & Methods: These four clinically suspected spinal biop

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Aalmeen, Gul, Sangeeta Sharma, Sneha Vishwasrao, Rani Bansal, and Anjali Khare. "Improved sensitivity of direct microscopy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lymph nodes: comparison of fluorescent microscopy and modified bleach method ZN microscopy along with conventional ZN staining method." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 2 (2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20190507.

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Background: Extra pulmonary tuberculosis arises as a result of lymphatic spread from a primary focus. Fine needle aspiration cytology has assumed an important role in the evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy as a possible minimally invasive alternative to excisional biopsy. In most low-income countries; the only practically available bacteriologic method for diagnosing EPTB is direct smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli from the sample of the lesion. There are various methods of staining and concentration for improving sensitivity of direct microscopy for detection of tubercle bacilli in

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A.M. Al-Rashedi, Nihad, Adnan A. Al-Hamadani, and Orass M.S. Al-Taee. "Confirmation of positive acid fast bacilli samples by tuberculosis bacilli culture." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 5, no. 7 (2017): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2009.5.7.211-217.

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This study attempts to estimate the efficiency of acid fast bacilli(AFB) stain technique to diagnosis tuberculosis in the different samples. This study was performed in general Al-Diawynia hospital and Department of Microbiology, Medicine College, Al-Qadisiha University between October 2005 to October 2008. A total of 1654 clinical samples from 750 patients analyzed for acid-fast staining. These were 605 sputum, 67 bronchial wash, 42 pleural fluids, 4 urine, 7 ascetic fluids and 3 cerebrospinal fluids. The stained smear-positive were (5.3 %) distributed in different samples .Seventy five patie

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Chawda, Hetvi, Chandani Surani, Sanjeev Kumar, Meghana Chauhan, Ashok Kumar Ramanuj, and Kirtiben Trivedi. "Comparison between ziehl-neelsen staining and fluorescent staining of sputum samples to detect acid fast bacilli in suspected case of pulmonary tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital, Amreli, Gujarat." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 8, no. 4 (2021): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2021.061.

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In India, Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major community health problems.Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a respiratory disease. Causative organism for this is acid fast bacilli known as . It is the most ordinary disease affecting the lower socio-economic class in developing countries. Microbiological diagnosis is the heart for the effective treatment of pulmonary TB (PTB). The look forrapid and efficient method has resulted in several staining techniques. Objective of the study was to compare the results of ZN stain (RNTCP) with fluorescent stain by use of microscopy. The study was carried ou

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Rodríguez-Tovar, Luis E., Alejandra Villarreal-Marroquín, Alicia M. Nevárez-Garza, et al. "Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 29, no. 3 (2017): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638716668559.

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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an important microsporidian pathogen that is considered an emergent, zoonotic, and opportunistic. It infects both domestic and laboratory rabbits, generating severe chronic interstitial and granulomatous nephritis with fibrosis and granulomatous encephalitis. Encephalitozoonosis is diagnosed in paraffin-embedded sections by examining the spores in the host tissues. The spores are difficult to observe when the samples are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), particularly when there is an inflammatory reaction and tissue damage. The spores are easily mistaken

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8

Kumar, Sanjay, Ritika Gupta, Nidhi Kaushik, Sant Prakash Kataria, and Sunita Singh. "Role of autofluorescence technique in detection of mycobacterial bacilli on fine needle aspiration cytology in tubercular lymphadenitis in comparison to conventional methods." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2022): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220987.

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Background: Lymphadenopathy is the most common presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged an important role in the evaluation of peripheral adenopathy as a possible non-invasive procedure. Conventional Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method for acid fast bacilli (AFB) plays an important role in the diagnosis and the monitoring of treatment in tuberculosis. Fluorescence microscopy using auramine-rhodamine (AR) or Papanicolaou (PAP) staining has been considered superior to ZN staining.Methods: The study was conducted in tertiary care centre for a period of

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Sayed, Mohsin Hasan, and Kavita Sane. "Combined modalities for the rapid diagnosis of patients with suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis: A cross-sectional study." Lung India 41, no. 6 (2024): 422–28. https://doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_135_24.

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ABSTRACT Background: In settings with high burden of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the use of various diagnostic modalities can result in superior and quick diagnosis leading to prompt initiation of treatment. Objective: This study assessed the diagnostic performance of the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stain, fluorescence microscopy (FM) and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in patients with suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN). Methods: This cross-sectional studyodes, who underwent FNAC. The FNAC samples were subjected to cytomorpholog

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Mittal, Mahim, and Ritesh Kumar. "Comparison of diagnostic yield of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and ZN (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining in serosal fluids from HIV and non-HIV patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (2017): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172967.

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Background: India accounts for 23% of the global TB burden and of these 15-20% are extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB). EPTB has diverse clinical presentation and often is over diagnosed because of lack of standardised diagnostic means. Yield of acid fast bacilli (AFB) from EPTB settings is very low and alternate facilities are nearly non-existent routinely. GeneXpert MTB/RIF has been recommended as a diagnostic tool for sputum samples. It has been also recommended for serosal fluids from HIV patients only. This study was done to compare the yield of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and ZN (Ziehl Neelsen

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Gurung, Rajendra, R. Shrestha, N. Poudyal, and SK Bhattacharya. "Ziehl Neelsen vs. Auramine staining technique for detection of acid fast bacilli." Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v1i1.19755.

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Background: The culture and molecular test are the best methods for isolation and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in developed countries. But, in developing countries like Nepal with a significant number of tuberculosis (TB) cases and limited resources, the diagnosis of TB relies primarily on smear microscopy for Acid fast bacilli (AFB).Objective: To compare the results of direct sputum examination for AFB stained by Ziehl Neelsen and Auramine technique.Method: Cross sectional comparative study was conducted in tuberculosis research laboratory, BPKIHS from April to June 2013. A to

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Jaldhani, Veerendra, Srikanth B, Suman K, et al. "Dithizone Screening Protocol to Select Promising Rice with High Grain Zinc Content." Journal of Rice Research 18, no. 1 (2025): 38–44. https://doi.org/10.58297/shmf7474.

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Estimation or screening of grain zinc (Zn) content is essential for Zn biofortification studies. However, the required sophisticated equipment and human resources are available only in some laboratories of India. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize the conditions to use Dithizone (DTZ) stain to select high grain Zn rice through naked eye for the benefit of the researchers and stakeholders interested to estimate Zn content in rice grain. Various concentrations of DTZ (1 mg/ml to 0.17 mg/ml methanol) were tried in various volumes (25 µl to 100 µl) on intact polished grain, longitudinal se

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13

Sood, Ridhi, Ruchita Tyagi, Pavneet Kaur Selhi, Gursheen Kaur, Harpreet Kaur, and Akashdeep Singh. "Role of FNA and Special Stains in Rapid Cytopathological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nocardiosis." Acta Cytologica 62, no. 3 (2018): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488134.

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Background: Nocardia, a gram-positive aerobic bacillus of the Actinomycetales family, is a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Clinical and radiological features of pulmonary nocardiosis are nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, pneumocystis, staphylococcal or fungal infections, or as malignancy. Aspiration cytology with special stains is a quick and effective approach for accurate diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We present 7 cases of pulmonary nocardiosis, admitted to the pathology department in a tertiary-care hospital in Punjab. Clinical fin

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Dr., Prutha Contractor. "Gene-Xpert: Cutting Edge Technology For Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary-Tuberculosis among Aerobically Sterile Pus & Tissue Samples of Tertiary Care Hospital, Ahmedabad." International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research 4, no. 5 (2023): 347–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10028180.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) remains a challenge as the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacilli present in tissues and pus samples from various sites of disease are often low & non-uniformly distributed. Molecular diagnostic methods like GeneXpert or Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) seems to hold the key to future of better and efficient diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) in pus and tissue samples as it simultaneously detects <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and Rifampicin resistance in samples.<strong>Mater

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Masali, Hajra Tasneem, Aparna Takpere, and Praveen Shahapur. "A Comparative Study of Ziehl-Neelsen Stain and Fluorescent Stain Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 4 (2021): 2027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.24.

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Tuberculosis remains a global disease, killing over 2 million people each year. India accounts for two-third of the global total i.e. 26%. A good, fast, and economical test to diagnose a disease is urgently needed so that effective treatment can begin as soon as possible. Various investigations can be done for TB diagnosis and these include clinical suspicion, Chest imaging, acid-fast bacilli staining, MTB culture, serological methods and Assays for amplification of nucleic acids. For developing countries like India due to the enormous number of patients and budget restrictions, the assessment

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Menon, Sarala, Renu Bharadwaj, A. S. Chowdhary, D. V. Kaundinya, and D. A. Palande. "Tuberculous brain abscesses: Case series and review of literature." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 02, no. 02 (2011): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.83581.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculous brain abscess (TBA) is a rare but serious condition. It resembles a pyogenic brain abscess clinically and radiologically and poses a problem in diagnosis and treatment. A final diagnosis is established by smear or culture demonstration of acid fast bacilli (AFB) within the abscess. Here, we report four such cases in our fiveyear study on brain abscesses, along with the different diagnostic modalities used. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 brain abscess pus specimens were collected during neurosurgery, either by burr hole or by craniotomy. These specimens

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Krishna, Mani, and Adesh Kumar. "Tuberculous mycobacteria bacilli fluorescence and compare with Ziehl- Neelsen stain in fine-needle aspiration cytology of tubercular lymphnode." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2, no. 2 (2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20160956.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis is infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. There are various methods for diagnosis of tuberculosis such as direct clinical material examination of tubercular bacilli by Ziehl – Neelsen (ZN) staining, demonstration of tubercular bacilli by auramine – rhodamine (AR) staining and autofluorescence (AF).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Present study was done clinically suspected tubercular patients. All received samples Zn stain, fluorescent

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Patil, Suwarna B., Shweta M. Dhage, Pradeep S. Umap, S. V. Ghorpade, and Shyamkant Patharwat. "Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test: a sensitive diagnostic tool for tuberculosis on fine needle aspirates samples." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 4 (2020): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201465.

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Background: The extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging to diagnose due to its pauci-bacillary nature. According to recent research, WHO recommends cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) to be used as initial diagnostic test in suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Aim of the present study is to assess the role of CBNAAT in comparison with cytomorphological features upon fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) stain in clinically suspected cases of EPTB.Methods: Present pilot study is descriptive cross-sectional study of 439 cases of

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Prasad, Ratna R., Choure Archana C, Wankhede Sachinkumar V, and Muley Vrishali A. "Subcutaneous Nocardiosis in a child with T- cell Immunodeficiency: A case report." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 8, no. 1 (2022): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.019.

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Nocardia are weakly gram-positive, filamentous bacteria found worldwide in soils. Infection with Nocardia is rare inimmunocompetent patientsbut may leadto severe disease in immunocompromised patients. Reported cases in paediatric age group are few, and the literature is limited. We present a case of Nocardia isolated from pus from a skin lesion of eleven year old immunocompromised male child. Pus from Skin lesion on Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain showed Acid Fast, Branching filamentous Bacteria. Pus culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media showed glabrous, tough and waxycolonies. It was confirmed to

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Prafulla, Yerraguntla Divya, Sameeranandana Reddy, and Yerraguntla Shashidhar. "Comparision of pap stained smears by using auto fluorescence method with ziehl-neelsen method for detection of acid fast bacilli (AFB)." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2023.124.

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The Ziehl-Neelsen staining method though it plays an important role in detecting acid fast bacilli (AFB) by direct microscopy its low sensitivity makes to look for the other alternatives. : This study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of auto fluorescence method on Papanicolaou stain (Pap) in comparison tothe traditional Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN) method in detection of AFB from lymph node aspirates. Fine needle aspirations (FNAs) were done in 153 patients with clinical suspicion of tubercular lymphadenitis. Smears from aspirate were processed for routine cytology for Hematoxyllin & Eos

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Dharwadkar, Arpana, Yaminy Ingale, Nayonikha Deokar, Chanda Vyawahare, Vidya Vishwanathan, and Shirish S. Chandanwale. "Significance of Various Diagnostic Modalities in Detection of Tuberculosis in Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Study of 200 Cases." International Journal of Mycobacteriology 13, no. 2 (2024): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_45_24.

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Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) makes for 25% of all instances of tuberculosis (TB) patients. The enigmatic clinical presentation of EPTB makes identification difficult since it simulates other chronic conditions such as neoplastic and inflammatory disorders and could culminate in treatment that is either insufficient or not required. For an affirmative and confirmed diagnosis, a substantial level of suspicion is imperative. The paucibacillary feature of EPTB makes diagnosis extremely difficult and necessitates the use of many diagnostic methods to arrive at a precise diagnosis.

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Naureen Saeed, Fatima-tuz-zuhra, Nadeem Ikram, Farhana Shaukat, and Fareeha Sardar. "Comparison of Auramine Phenol and ZN Staining in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with GeneXpert MTB/RIF as Gold Standard." Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 9, no. 3 (2020): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v9i3.435.

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Background: Pakistan faces an immense burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) due to large number of cases and limited resources. Despite the recent advancement in the diagnostic techniques for pulmonary TB, smear microscopy is still a useful technique for the diagnosis of this disease. This study was conducted in order to compare the diagnostic value of Auramine stain with the conventional Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain on the sputum smear for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB, keeping GeneXpert MTB/RIF as the gold standard. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 suspected patients

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Kumar, Bablu, Sweta Muni, Rakesh Kumar, Ajay Kumar Prabhat, Shailesh Kumar, and Namrata Kumari. "Comparative study of different diagnostic methods for detection of mycobacteria in clinically suspected patients of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at IGIMS, Patna." International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (2022): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4837.

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Background: Tuberculosis is a global problem and incidence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis is increasing day by day. Diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis is a little bit difficult than pulmonary tuberculosis. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to compare different diagnostic methods like ZN staining, LED-FM and GeneXpert assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in respect to their sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV respectively. Methodology: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Pat

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Arvind, Chouhan, and Ahmad Fuzail. "Evaluation for Granulomatous Inflammation on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology using Special Stains." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 4 (2023): 1371–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12680527.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis is the commonest infectious disease in the developing countries like India. Many diagnostic tests are devised for its detection including direct smear examination. This study was designed to determine the frequency of cases positive for AFB and positive for fungus in patients diagnosed to have granulomatous inflammation on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology using special stains. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done on 100 cases of granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis diagno

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Thapa, Kamal Raj, Madhur Dev Bhattarai, Anu Thapa, and Tulasa Basnet. "Comparison of Ziehl Neelsen Stain, Auramine Rhodamine Stain and Culture Sensitivity of AFB in Routine and Concentrated Pleural Fluid." Nepalese Respiratory Journal 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nrj.v1i1.45231.

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Background: Nearly one third of the global population is infected with mycobacterial tuberculosis. Pleural tuberculosis accounts for 20% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion is difficult because of the low detection rate of different diagnostic tests like microscopy and culture. Current study aimed to compare the detection rate of different tests in non-concentrated and concentrated pleural fluid. Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional study was carried out over one year duration in the Medicine Department of Bir Hospital. A total o

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Jahan, Hosne, Shikha Paul, Kamrul Hasan Milon, et al. "Comparative study of Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) Staining Versus Fluorochrome Stain for Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 10, no. 1 (2018): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v10i1.38900.

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Background: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and has the highest burden with it. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in many countries is still dependent on microscopy. For developing countries with a large number of cases and financial constraints, evaluation of rapid and inexpensive diagnostic methods has great importance. The bacilli in the sputum can be detected microscopically by ZN stain and fluorochrome stain.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of flurochrome(FI) stain with Z-N stain in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methodology: This cross

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Parveen, Kawser, Afroza Momen, and Khodezatul Kobra. "Frequency of Tuberculosis in Patients with Enlarged Lymph Nodes and its cost-effective first line of Diagnosis in our Country." Journal of Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital 17, no. 2 (2012): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v17i2.12214.

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Tuberculosis is the commonest infectious disease in the developing world. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is one of the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Many diagnostic tests are devised for its detection including direct smear examination. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the frequency of tuberculosis in lymphadenopathy of different sites and its rapid diagnosis by FNAC and ZN(Ziehl-Neelsen)staining of aspitation smears. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done on 100 cases of enlarged lymphnodes on different site at two private tertiary medical college hospi

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Pathuri, Venkata Rama Chowdary, Brahmananda Reddy N, and Jaya Chandra T. "ZN Stain versus Radiography in the Diagnosis of Bone Tuberculosis." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 13, no. 2 (2023): 217–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11293623.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) an acid fast bacilli (AFB) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB).  Bone and joint TB (BTB) is an ancient disease with an incidence around 1 – 3%. However CT/MRI are extremely helpful in the diagnosis BTB. With this a study was conducted to find the utility of ZN stain in the diagnosis of BTB. <strong>Methods: </strong>It was a prospective research conducted in the department of Microbiology, GSL Medical College between January to May 2022. Study protocol was approved by the Institutional ethical com

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Tarish, Hashim Raheem, Asaad Aljanabi, and Zina Mohammed Abdul-Hussein. "Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Urinary Bladder Cancer Tissues By Using Transmission Electron Microscope." Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences 6, no. 1 (2016): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20161.2610.

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Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common human cancers in Iraq and the world. While smoking, age sex, and occupational exposure to aromatic amines are the most prominent among the risk factors identified, long term Inflammation and chronic infection may largely play some role in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) development. In the present study we worked on urinary bladder cancer and noncancerous Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) Tissue specimens of Iraqi patients, the current study used Acid Fast Stain and Transmission Electron Microscope for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculo

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Abd-Elaziz, Nada F., Heba A. Salem, Hala M. Nagy, and Amgad A. Farhat. "Comparison of the real-time polymerase chain reaction and xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 73, no. 2 (2024): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_33_23.

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Abstract Background A serious issue with world health is tuberculosis (TB). Annual estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) put the number of incident cases at 9.6 million. The aim of this work was to compare between real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and GeneXpert in recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with special reference to quantification of MTB and to speed of detection of the organism. Materials and Methods Thirty individuals participated in this prospective clinical quasi-interventional trial with clinical data and chest radiography suggestive of pulmonary

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Majeed, Muhammad Mudassar, and Mulazim Hussain Bukhari. "Evaluation for Granulomatous Inflammation on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using Special Stains." Pathology Research International 2011 (June 30, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/851524.

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Background. Tuberculosis is the commonest infectious disease in the developing world. Many diagnostic tests are devised for its detection including direct smear examination. This study was designed to determine the frequency of cases positive for AFB and positive for fungus in patients diagnosed to have granulomatous inflammation on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology using special stains. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done on 100 cases of granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology at the Department of Path

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Arora, Akansha, Anil Jain, B. S. Karnawat, and Rakesh Kumawat. "Prospective study to find out the role of gastric aspirate examination by Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN staining) and cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CB-NAAT) as a diagnostic method in childhood tuberculosis." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 4 (2018): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182574.

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Background: Tuberculosis in children has been relatively neglected mainly because clinical diagnosis has low specificity, radiological interpretation is subject to inter-observer variability and the tuberculin skin test is a marker of exposure, not disease. The recent introduction of Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test has significantly transformed the diagnostics of tuberculosis in adults but its application for Paediatric Tuberculosis is under evaluation. Therefore, authors conducted a study on role of gastric aspirate examination by ZN stain and Cartridge based nucleic acid ampl

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Zurac, Sabina, Cristian Mogodici, Teodor Poncu, et al. "A New Artificial Intelligence-Based Method for Identifying Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Ziehl–Neelsen Stain on Tissue." Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (2022): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061484.

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Mycobacteria identification is crucial to diagnose tuberculosis. Since the bacillus is very small, finding it in Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN)-stained slides is a long task requiring significant pathologist’s effort. We developed an automated (AI-based) method of identification of mycobacteria. We prepared a training dataset of over 260,000 positive and over 700,000,000 negative patches annotated on scans of 510 whole slide images (WSI) of ZN-stained slides (110 positive and 400 negative). Several image augmentation techniques coupled with different custom computer vision architectures were used. WSIs au

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International, Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR). "Minimally Invasive Diagnosis of Tubercular Lymphadenitis – The Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology." International Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR) 8, no. 1 (2025): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15234049.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis is a leading cause of enlarged lymph nodes in developing countries. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy to perform, rapid, affordable and effective outpatient diagnostic procedure for evaluating lymphadenopathies<strong>. Aim: </strong>Study various cytomorphological patterns in tubercular lymphadenitis and correlate with the AFB positivity. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>FNAC smears of 820 cases diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis in the Department of Pathology, RBIPMT, Delhi over a period of 1 year w

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Zou, Liyuan, Hongbo Li, Mingbin Liu, Weihua Zhao, and Suqin Wang. "Enhancement Effect of Zn-Arsenazo III Complex for G-quadruplex DNA Stability of Proto-oncogene Promoter Telomeres." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, no. 7 (2020): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180816666191112154141.

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Background: Controlling the structure of proto-oncogene telomeres is very important in antitumor therapy. There are relationships between G-quadruplex DNA and the growth of tumor cell. Methods: In this study, spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetry and viscosity methods were employed to investigate the interaction between Zn-Arsenazo Ⅲ complex and G-quadruplex DNA by using 4S Green Plus Nucleic Acid Stain as a spectral probe in PBS buffer. The binding ratios were n Arsenazo Ⅲ : n Zn(Ⅱ) = 5:1 for Zn-Arsenazo Ⅲ complex and n Zn- Arsenazo Ⅲ : n G-quadruplex DNA = 8:1 for Zn-Arsenazo Ⅲ-G-quadruplex DNA.

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Liao, Qi-Wei, Xi-Wu Fan, and Zhang-Guo Wang. "Optical studies of ZnSeZnS stain layer superlattices grown on sapphire by MOVPE." Journal of Crystal Growth 159, no. 1-4 (1996): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(95)00886-1.

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Veera Raghavan Gurusamy, Kanimozhi Sundararajan, Gowri Prakasam, and Vincy TM. "Extrapulmonary tuberculosis - A cross-sectional study comparing the utility of Ziehl-Neelsen stain and immunohistochemistry." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v15i1.56009.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant global health issue despite known causes and effective treatments. Factors such as virulent strains, drug resistance, and the human immunodeficiency virus pandemic, especially in India, contribute to its prevalence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the TB agent, can evade immune responses, persisting within host cells. A distinct feature of TB, granuloma formation, can also appear in diseases such as leprosy, histoplasmosis, and non-infectious conditions like Crohn’s disease. Proper diagnosis is vital, as in resource-limited countries, TB

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Geetha Sushma, Siriki, Rajashree J. Ingin, and Mohammed Mateen Ahmed. "DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULAR LYMPHADENOPATHY BY CARTRIDGE-BASED NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TEST(CBNAAT)AND ITS CORRELATION WITH FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: AN INSTITUTION-BASED STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 11 (2024): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19817.

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Introduction: The highest burden of tuberculosis is seen in India, accounting for 21% incidence globally and a major cause of lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology with Ziehl-Neelsen staining is routinely used as the diagnostic modalityfor testing Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Although a presumptive diagnosis can be made easily, but due to low sensitivity, many a times definitive diagnosis is difficult. For overcoming these limitations a rapid and reliable Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test method by WHO (2010) has been endorsed as an initial diagnostic tool in laborato

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Das, Rhituparna, Ankita Pranab Mandal, Moupali Ghosh, and Moumita Sengupta. "Comparison of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as diagnostic tool in pediatric age group." Journal of Hematology and Allied Sciences 3 (June 20, 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jhas_2_2023.

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Objectives: Bone marrow examination is the final endpoint to the diagnosis of many haematological and nonhaematological disorders when all other clinical diagnostic tools have been done with. It consists of two tests each of which has their own role in making a final diagnosis. First bone marrow aspiration and second bone marrow biopsy. They complement each other and together provides a complete picture of the bone marrow. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and to observe the degree of correlation (kappa value) between the two procedures. Material and Methods: This retrospective

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Dhakal, Subodh Sagar, Ashmita Neupane, Shatdal Chaudhary, Navin Mishra, and Damber Bdr Karki. "Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of Sputum Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 8, no. 1 (2020): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v8i1.29828.

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INTRODUCTION: Sputum smear examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN stain) is the initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). But 50% of the cases are reported to be sputum smear negative. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients suspected to have tuberculosis. The sample was tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the XpertMTB/RIF assay, which is a new test that detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance to rifampin in less than t

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Souad Youssouf Kani Elmi, Maad Nasser Mohamed, Houssein Yonis Arreh, and Mohamed Ali Mohamed. "Concordance between microscopic and molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in hospitalized patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Peltier General Hospital, Djibouti." International Journal of Life Science Research Archive 4, no. 2 (2023): 068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijlsra.2023.4.2.0059.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health issue, and Djibouti is still one of the nations with a high TB burden, with a forecasted incidence rate of 224 cases per 100,000 people in 2020. Objectives: To compare the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain direct smear microscopy with the GeneXpert (Xpert MTB/RIF assay) as the gold standard for diagnosing patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Material and method: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized patients at Peltier General Hospital from March to July 2022. A total of 153 samples

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Narain, Upma, and Arvind Gupta. "Incidence of tuberculosis in nondialysis-requiring CKD patients." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 1 (2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20180073.

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Background: Tuberculosis is a common infection of chronic kidney disease patients in developing countries.Methods: A retrospective study of 2960 non-dialysis requiring chronic kidney disease patients was made to determine the incidence and understand the demographic features of patients that lead to the development of tuberculosis on the basis of cell count, routine, ADA estimation, ZN stain, culture and PCR.Results: Between Jan 2000 and March 2017, the incidence of tuberculosis in no dialysis-requiring chronic kidney disease group was 10.3% in which pulmonary tuberculosis was 3.9% while extra

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Ngimba, Caroline, and Amos Mwakigonja. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosis of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: Experience From a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (2019): S95—S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz118.009.

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Abstract Objectives Tuberculous lymphadenitis is among the common causes of lymphadenopathy in low-resource countries. Data regarding diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis based on fine-needle aspiration cytology of the lymph nodes are scant in our setting. The current study was conducted to determine the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration materials in the diagnosis of Tb lymphadenitis among patients who presented with enlarged lymph nodes. Methods A prospective study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital for the duration of 1 year (April 2016 to March 2017). Patients with enlarged l

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Joseph, A. A., and G. O. Popoola. "Comparism of various staining techniques in the diagnosis of coccidian parasitosis in HIV infection." Medical Journal of Zambia 44, no. 1 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.44.1.256.

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Background: Diarrhoea due to opportunistic coccidian parasites is a common clinical presentation in HIV infection. Its management differs from that of diarrhoea due to other protozoa, improvement of immune status being the mainstay while specific drug treatment is available for other aetiologies, hence, the need for its accurate identification when present. This can be achieved via various diagnostic techniques, commonly microscopy in this environment, hence the need to compare the efficacy of the commonly used stains in our locality. Objective: To identify the most effective of the comm

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A, Joseph A., and Popoola G. O. "Comparism of Various Staining Techniques in the Diagnosis of Coccidian Parasitosis in HIV Infection." Medical Journal of Zambia 44, no. 1 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.44.1.63.

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Background: Diarrhoea due to oppourtunistic coccidian parasites is a common clinical presentation in HIV infection. Its management differs from that of diarrhoea due to other protozoa, improvement of immune status being the mainstay while specific drug treatment is available for other aetiologies, hence, the need for its accurate identification when present. This can be achieved via various diagnostic techniques, commonly microscopy in this environment, hence the need to compare the efficacy of the commonly used stains in our locality. Objective: To identify the most effective of the com

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Annam, Vamseedhar, Mohan H. Kulkarni, and Rekha B. Puranik. "Comparison of the modified fluorescent method and conventional Ziehl–Neelsen method in the detection of acidfast bacilli in lymphnode aspirates." CytoJournal 6 (July 18, 2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.53887.

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Objectives: The objectives were to correlate the modified fluorescent method with the conventional Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) method for the detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and, also to study the efficacy and advantages of using the auramine–rhodamine stain on lymph node aspirates under fluorescent microscopy. Methods: In 108 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of tuberculosis (TB) presenting with lymphadenopathy, fine needle aspirations were performed. Smears from the aspirates were processed for routine cytology, the conventional ZN method, and the modified fluorescent method. The si

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Mourya, Nancy, Meena Singrol, Jyoti Namdev, Jai Bawane, and Puja Singh. "Spectrum of Leprosy with Clinicopathological Correlation in a tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective and Prospective Study." Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 31, no. 4 (2024): 187–93. https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2024.30.

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Background: Leprosy is a disease of antiquity and was well-recognized in the oldest civilizations of Egypt, China, and India. The first known written record of leprosy appeared in an Egyptian papyrus document written around 1550 BCE. The disease has been shrouded in significant stigma, often misconstrued as a condition afflicting the cursed or unfortunate or mistakenly attributed to genetic factors. Methods: This was a retrospective and a prospective study. The data consisted of approximately 62 cases over two years. Nonprobability sampling/convenience sampling was performed. Modified Fite-Far

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Mohammed, Abdelbagi Eljayli, Nadir Abuzeid, Nuha Yousif Ibrahim, et al. "Genotypic Characterization of Multi Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients, Sudan." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (2023): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1204.009.

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resisting at least isoniazid and rifampicin. MDR is a major public health threat in Sudan. This is a descriptive cross-sectional and hospital-based study conducted in Kosti teaching hospital, during the period from December 2019, to December 2021, aimed to determine the prevalence of Multi-Drug resistance among TB patients and to find the most risk factors associated with generating TB resistance, using Xpert MTB/RIF assay. One thousand sputum samples from suspected TB patients were applied on Xpert MTB/RIF autom

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Manjari, Anand Anshu, Wakeel Ahmad Md., and Seema Kumari. "Cytopathological Pattern of Tubercular Lymphadenopathy on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in a Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 11 (2022): 88–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13870487.

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<strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytopathological patterns of tubercular lymphadenopathy on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in a tertiary care hospital. <strong>Methods: </strong>The Retrospective Study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of Narayan Medical College & Hospital, Jamuhar, district Rohtas, Bihar. 130 patients were included in the study. All the patients referred to the cytopathology lab for FNAC of lymph nodes between December 2020 to September 2021 were included. <strong>Results: </strong>Out of 130 patie

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Sabyasachi, Mandal, Rai Yogita, Gogoi Sanjib, Sharma Amarjeet, Kaur Ravinder, and B. Jais Manoj. "Evaluation of Truenat MTB Test in Comparison with Ziehl-Neelsen staining and MGIT automated Liquid Culture for Diagnosis of Suspected Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Paediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 11 (2023): 1564–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11239434.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>The diagnosis of Paediatric tuberculosis is a big challenge, as the sample collection is difficult and number of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </em>(MTB) bacilli in the samples often very low. TrueNat MTB plus assay is a newer method, which is battery operated, point-of-care and chip-based Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) micro device. <strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate TrueNat as a screening test in the diagnosis of Pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in comparison with ZN microscopy and MGIT culture. <strong>Materials and M

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