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Academic literature on the topic 'Zona incerta'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Zona incerta"

1

Bartho, P., A. Slezia, V. Varga, H. Bokor, D. Pinault, G. Buzsaki, and L. Acsady. "Cortical Control of Zona Incerta." Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 7 (February 14, 2007): 1670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3768-06.2007.

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Masri, Radi, Raimi L. Quiton, Jessica M. Lucas, Peter D. Murray, Scott M. Thompson, and Asaf Keller. "Zona Incerta: A Role in Central Pain." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 1 (July 2009): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00152.2009.

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Central pain syndrome (CPS) is a debilitating condition that affects a large number of patients with a primary lesion or dysfunction in the CNS. Despite its discovery over a century ago, the pathophysiological processes underlying the development and maintenance of CPS are poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that activity in the posterior thalamus (PO) is tightly regulated by inhibitory inputs from zona incerta (ZI). Here we test the hypothesis that CPS is associated with abnormal inhibitory regulation of PO by ZI. We recorded single units from ZI and PO in animals with CPS resulting from spinal cord lesions. Consistent with our hypothesis, the spontaneous firing rate and somatosensory evoked responses of ZI neurons were lower in lesioned animals compared with sham-operated controls. In PO, neurons recorded from lesioned rats exhibited significantly higher spontaneous firing rates and greater responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli applied to the hindpaw and to the face. These changes were not associated with increased afferent drive from the spinal trigeminal nucleus or changes in the ventroposterior thalamus. Thus CPS can result from suppressed inputs from the inhibitory nucleus zona incerta to the posterior thalamus.

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Park, Anthony, Kathleen Hoffman, and Asaf Keller. "Roles of GABAA and GABAB receptors in regulating thalamic activity by the zona incerta: a computational study." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 10 (November 15, 2014): 2580–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00282.2014.

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The posterior thalamic nucleus (PO) is a higher order nucleus heavily implicated in the processing of somatosensory information. We have previously shown in rodent models that activity in PO is tightly regulated by inhibitory inputs from a GABAergic nucleus known as the zona incerta (ZI). The level of incertal inhibition varies under both physiological and pathological conditions, leading to concomitant changes in PO activity. These changes are causally linked to variety of phenomena from altered sensory perception to pathological pain. ZI regulation of PO is mediated by GABAA and GABAB receptors (GABAAR and GABABR) that differ in their binding kinetics and their electrophysiological properties, suggesting that each may have distinct roles in incerto-thalamic regulation. We developed a computational model to test this hypothesis. We created a two-cell Hodgkin-Huxley model representing PO and ZI with kinetically realistic GABAAR- and GABABR-mediated synapses. We simulated spontaneous and evoked firing in PO and observed how these activities were affected by inhibition mediated by each receptor type. Our model predicts that spontaneous PO activity is preferentially regulated by GABABR-mediated mechanisms, while evoked activity is preferentially regulated by GABAAR. Our model also predicts that modulation of ZI firing rate and synaptic GABA concentrations is an effective means to regulate the incerto-thalamic circuit. The coupling of distinct functions to GABAAR and GABABR presents an opportunity for the development of therapeutics, as particular aspects of incerto-thalamic regulation can be targeted by manipulating the corresponding receptor class. Thus these findings may provide interventions for pathologies of sensory processing.

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Trageser, Jason C., Kathryn A. Burke, Radi Masri, Ying Li, Larisa Sellers, and Asaf Keller. "State-Dependent Gating of Sensory Inputs by Zona Incerta." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 3 (September 2006): 1456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00423.2006.

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We have previously shown that the GABAergic nucleus zona incerta (ZI) suppresses vibrissae-evoked responses in the posterior medial (POm) thalamus of the rodent somatosensory system. We proposed that this inhibitory incerto-thalamic pathway regulates POm responses during different behavioral states. Here we tested the hypothesis that the cholinergic reticular activating system, implicated in regulating states of arousal, modulates ZI activity. We show that stimulation of brain stem cholinergic nuclei (laterodorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine tegmental) results in suppression of spontaneous firing of ZI neurons. Iontophoretic application of the cholinergic agonist carbachol to ZI neurons suppresses both their spontaneous firing and their vibrissae-evoked responses. We also found that carbachol application to an in vitro slice preparation suppresses spontaneous firing of neurons in the ventral sector of ZI (ZIv). Finally, we demonstrate that the majority of ZIv neurons contain parvalbumin and project to POm. Based on these results, we present the state-dependent gating hypothesis, which states that differing behavioral states—regulated by the brain stem cholinergic system—modulate ZI activity, thereby regulating the response properties of higher-order nuclei such as POm.

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Lin, C., M. Nicolelis, J. Schneider, and J. Chapin. "GABAergic pathway from zona incerta to neocortex: clarification." Science 251, no. 4998 (March 8, 1991): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1706534.

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LIN, C. S., M. A. L. NICOLELIS, J. S. SCHNEIDER, and J. K. CHAPIN. "GABAergic Pathway from Zona Incerta to Neocortex: Clarification." Science 251, no. 4998 (March 8, 1991): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4998.1162-c.

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Venkataraman, Archana, Natalia Brody, Preethi Reddi, Jidong Guo, Donald Gordon Rainnie, and Brian George Dias. "Modulation of fear generalization by the zona incerta." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 18 (April 9, 2019): 9072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820541116.

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Fear expressed toward threat-associated stimuli is an adaptive behavioral response. In contrast, the generalization of fear responses toward nonthreatening cues is a maladaptive and debilitating dimension of trauma- and anxiety-related disorders. Expressing fear to appropriate stimuli and suppressing fear generalization require integration of relevant sensory information and motor output. While thalamic and subthalamic brain regions play important roles in sensorimotor integration, very little is known about the contribution of these regions to the phenomenon of fear generalization. In this study, we sought to determine whether fear generalization could be modulated by the zona incerta (ZI), a subthalamic brain region that influences sensory discrimination, defensive responses, and retrieval of fear memories. To do so, we combined differential intensity-based auditory fear conditioning protocols in mice with C-FOS immunohistochemistry and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs)-based manipulation of neuronal activity in the ZI. C-FOS immunohistochemistry revealed an inverse relationship between ZI activation and fear generalization: The ZI was less active in animals that generalized fear. In agreement with this relationship, chemogenetic inhibition of the ZI resulted in fear generalization, while chemogenetic activation of the ZI suppressed fear generalization. Furthermore, targeted stimulation of GABAergic cells in the ZI reduced fear generalization. To conclude, our data suggest that stimulation of the ZI could be used to treat fear generalization in the context of trauma- and anxiety-related disorders.

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Thaker, Ashesh A., Kartik M. Reddy, John A. Thompson, Pamela David Gerecht, Mark S. Brown, Aviva Abosch, Steven G. Ojemann, and Drew S. Kern. "Coronal Gradient Echo MRI to Visualize the Zona Incerta for Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting in Parkinson’s Disease." Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 99, no. 5 (2021): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515772.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Deep brain stimulation of the zona incerta is effective at treating tremor and other forms of parkinsonism. However, the structure is not well visualized with standard MRI protocols making direct surgical targeting unfeasible and contributing to inconsistent clinical outcomes. In this study, we applied coronal gradient echo MRI to directly visualize the rostral zona incerta in Parkinson’s disease patients to improve targeting for deep brain stimulation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a prospective study to optimize and evaluate an MRI sequence to visualize the rostral zona incerta in patients with Parkinson’s disease (<i>n</i> = 31) and other movement disorders (<i>n</i> = 13). We performed a contrast-to-noise ratio analysis of specific regions of interest to quantitatively assess visual discrimination of relevant deep brain structures in the optimized MRI sequence. Regions of interest were independently assessed by 2 neuroradiologists, and interrater reliability was assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Rostral zona incerta and subthalamic nucleus were well delineated in our 5.5-min MRI sequence, indicated by excellent interrater agreement between neuroradiologists for region-of-interest measurements (>0.90 intraclass coefficient). Mean contrast-to-noise ratio was high for both rostral zona incerta (6.39 ± 3.37) and subthalamic nucleus (17.27 ± 5.61) relative to adjacent white matter. There was no significant difference between mean signal intensities or contrast-to-noise ratio for Parkinson’s and non-Parkinson’s patients for either structure. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our optimized coronal gradient echo MRI sequence delineates subcortical structures relevant to traditional and novel deep brain stimulation targets, including the zona incerta, with high contrast-to-noise. Future studies will prospectively apply this sequence to surgical planning and postimplantation outcomes.

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Wang, Xiyue, Xiao-lin Chou, Li I. Zhang, and Huizhong Whit Tao. "Zona Incerta: An Integrative Node for Global Behavioral Modulation." Trends in Neurosciences 43, no. 2 (February 2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.007.

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POWER, BRIAN D., CATHERINE A. LEAMEY, and JOHN MITROFANIS. "Evidence for a visual subsector within the zona incerta." Visual Neuroscience 18, no. 2 (March 2001): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523801182027.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zona incerta"

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Green, Heather Joyce. "Characterization of the Zona Incerta." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1829.

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Hagenvald, Elin, and Ella Frilund. "Djup hjärnstimulering i kaudala zona incerta : Hur talförståeligheten påverkas hos patienter med Essentiell tremor." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137727.

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Supko, Donna E. "The role of glutamate receptors in the zona incerta in mediating the effects of amphetamine /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487759436325633.

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Khan, Sadaquate. "Deep brain stimulation of the Pedunculopontine nucleus and caudal Zona Incerta in patients with Parkinson’s disease." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557962.

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Axial symptoms including gait disturbance and postural instability are some of the most disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and in late stage disease these , symptoms can be resistant to both medical therapy and surgical intervention in the form of deep brain stimulation (DBS). In the on medication state axial symptoms show a limited response to deep brain stimulation of the conventional target sites. In this thesis I assess the effects of stimulating a novel target site, the Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in isolation and in combination with stimulation in the subthalamic region / caudal Zona/ncerta (cZi) in patients with Parkinson's disease. At the time of commencing this work there were only two case reports describing the effects of deep brain stimulation of the PPN in isolation. An assessment is made of the safety and efficacy of the surgical technique. This has indicated that it is possible to accurately place a DBS electrode into the PPN with minimal peri-operative and post-operative complications. The efficacy data demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the on medication axial symptoms, however it required dual site stimulation of both the PPN and cZI. PET scanning assessing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) demonstrated that stimulation of the PPN and cZi region induces changes in separate motor areas with each target. Concomitant PPN and cZi stimulation resulted in an additive effect on levels of rCBF, effectively combining the subcortical and cortical changes induced by stimulation of either target in isolation. Following analysis of the results from our initial case studies we are conducting a phase I/II safety and efficacy study, with a double blinded design and crossover between stimulation sites. Axial symptoms including gait disturbance and postural instability are some of the most disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PO) and in late stage disease these I symptoms can be resistant to both medical therapy and surgical intervention in the form of deep brain stimulation (OBS). In the on medication state axial symptoms show a limited response to deep brain stimulation of the conventional target sites. In this thesis I assess the effects of stimulating a novel target site, the Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in isolation and in combination with stimulation in the subthalamic region / caudal Zona Incerta (cZi) in patients with Parkinson's disease. At the time of commencing this work there were only two case reports describing the effects of deep brain stimulation of the PPN in isolation. An assessment is made of the safety and efficacy of the surgical technique. This has indicated that it is possible to accurately place a DBS electrode into the PPN with minimal peri-operative and post-operative complications. The efficacy data demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the on medication axial symptoms, however it required dual site stimulation of both the PPN and cZl. PET scanning assessing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) demonstrated that stimulation of the PPN and cZi region induces changes in separate motor areas with each target. Concomitant PPN and cZi stimulation resulted in an additive effect on levels of rCBF, effectively combining the subcortical and cortical changes induced by stimulation of either target in isolation. Following analysis of the results from our initial case studies we are conducting a phase I/II safety and efficacy study, with a double blinded design and crossover between stimulation sites.

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Johansson, Louise, and Sofia Möller. "Effekter på talförståelighet som en följd av djup hjärnstimulering i caudala zona incerta vid Parkinsons sjukdom." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64163.

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Bakgrund. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) behandlas bland annat med djup hjärnstimulering (DBS). Ett relativt outforskat område för stimulering är caudala zona incerta (cZi). Man har med denna metod sett förbättringar när det gäller rörelsehindrande symtom men viss försämring av talet har påvisats. Syfte. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka om cZi-DBS vid PS påverkar talförståeligheten samt om förståeligheten av talet påverkas vid tillagt bakgrundsljud. Metod. Talmaterial med lästa ord från 10 patienter med PS, pre- och postoperativt samlades in. Dessa ord spelades upp för 32 lyssnare från allmänheten som ortografiskt transkriberade dessa. På en del av talmaterialet lades ett bakgrundsljud till som kan liknas vid ett bibliotek. Lyssnarnas transkriptioner poängsattes och statistiska beräkningar genomfördes. Resultat. Totalpoängen var signifikant lägre med påslagen stimulering jämfört med avslagen stimulering, oavsett bakgrundsljud. I blocket utan bakgrundsljud fanns även signifikanta skillnader som visade lägre totalpoäng när stimuleringen var påslagen jämfört med innan operation. Resultaten var genomgående signifikant lägre vid tillagt bakgrundsljud jämfört med utan. Slutsatser. Det har skett en försämring av talförståelighet vid stimulering av cZi. Dessa fynd är värdefulla för all vårdpersonal som jobbar med personer som har PS och de som ska genomgå/har genomgått cZi-DBS. Det är viktigt att hitta en balans mellan förbättrad motorisk förmåga och försämrad talförståelighet för att varje individ ska uppnå en så bra livskvalitet som möjligt.

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Lundmark, Sara, and Malin Sjödin. "Deep brain stimulation av kaudala zona incerta : En undersökning av rösttremor hos patienter med essentiell tremor." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136022.

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Bakgrund: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) i kaudala zona incerta (Zi) har en tremorreducerande effekt vid den neurologiska sjukdomen essentiell tremor (ET). Stimulering av Zi har även positiva effekter på rösttremor, men individuella variationer förekommer. Tidigare har främst effekten mellan på- och avslagen stimulering undersökts. Inga studier har jämfört effekten på rösttremor vid ökande nivåer av stimuleringsstyrka. Mål: Att undersöka effekt på rösttremor vid ökande unilateral stimuleringsstyrka av DBS i Zi hos deltagare med ET. Samt att undersöka prevalens och att se vilken rösttremorreducerande effekt deltagarnas kliniska inställningar har. Metod: Trettioåtta deltagare med DBS Zi, bedömdes vid tre tillstånd: utan stimulering (DBS OFF), med kliniska inställningar (DBS ON) samt med ökande stimuleringsstyrka, 0,5-4,5V (DBS+). Rösttremor bedömdes utifrån inspelningar av uthållna vokalproduktioner i programmet “Visual Sort and Rate Method” (VISOR). Vid bedömning skattades förekomst och grad av rösttremor hos deltagarna genom att deltagarens egna inspelningar jämfördes med varandra i VISOR. Resultat: DBS Zi hade på gruppnivå en positiv effekt på rösttremor vid såväl DBS ON som vid DBS+. De individuella skillnaderna var dock stora. Flest antal deltagare blev rösttremorfria vid DBS ON och vid stimuleringsnivåerna 1,5V, 2,0V, 3,5V och 4,5V. Prevalensen av rösttremor var 71% (27 deltagare). Slutsats: DBS Zi har på gruppnivå en positiv effekt på rösttremor. De kliniska inställningarna är stimuleringsnivån som flest deltagare blir rösttremorfria vid. Den individuella variationen gör att man inte kan förutse om en individ kommer att få reducerad rösttremor av DBS Zi.
Tal- och rösteffekter av djup hjärnstimulering hos patienter med ärftlig tremor

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Morais, Paulo Leonardo Araujo de Gois. "Proje??o retiniana, caracteriza??o citoarquitet?nica e neuroqu?mica da zona incerta do moco (Kerodon rupestris)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17375.

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The Zona Incerta (ZI) is embryologically derived from the ventral thalamus, in continuity with the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. Studies usingneural tracers technics have allowed identify a complex connectional map including the ZI. Futhermore, cytochemical, molecular and functional data have shown abundant variability in the neurochemical contend in the ZI, as well as,the involvement of the ZI in the modulation of nociception, attention, alertness, control and maintenance of posture and control of visceral activity. This work aims to characterize the cytoarchitecture, neurochemical content of the ZI in the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), and a direct retinal-ZI pathway present in this species. The Nissl staining is effective for the delineation and characterization of ZI citoarchitecture. ZIc receives a contralateral retinal projection showing varicosities, suggesting a modulatory character of photic information. The ZI in the rock cavy, as in others rodents and primates, is characterized by a complex neurochemical signature. The ZI neurochemistry presents great diversity, especially in the medial portion of ZIr, where we have found immunoreactivity of all neuroactive substances investigated, and that NOS-IR, GFAP and CR helped the delimitation of middle ZI in ZId and ZIv. Nevertheless, just 5-HT-IR fibers are present in all subdivisions of the ZI. These data demonstrate the great wealth of the neurochemistry of rock cavy s ZI and a direct retinal modulation in the ZI, helping to explain it s broad functional repertory
A Zona Incerta (ZI) ? um grupamento neuronal embriologicamente derivado do t?lamo ventral, em continuidade com o n?cleo reticular do t?lamo. Diversos estudos com tra?adores retr?grados e anter?grados revelaram a conex?o da ZI com diversas estruturas do sistema nervoso central. Dados moleculares e citoqu?micos revelaram que a ZI ? um dos grupamentos neuronais com maior diversidade neuroqu?mica e citoarquitet?nica do dienc?falo, e estudos hodol?gicos e neuroqu?micos permitiram considerar o envolvimento da ZI em diversas fun??es, as quais se destacam a nocicep??o, aten??o, estado de alerta, controle e manuten??o da postura e controle da atividade visceral. Este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a citoarquitetura e o conte?do neuroqu?mico da ZI do moc? (Kerodon rupestris), bem como a afer?ncia ?ptica presente neste n?cleo nesta esp?cie. A t?cnica de Nissl ? eficiente para a delimita??o e caracteriza??o citoarquitet?nica da ZI do moc?; A ZIc recebe proje??o da retina contralateral, apresentando fibras Classe II ou modulator, sugerindo um car?ter modulat?rio da informa??o f?tica; A ZI do moc?, assim como em outros roedores e primatas, ? caracterizada por uma complexa rede neuroqu?mica, sobretudo na por??o medial da ZIr, onde encontramos imunorreatividade de todas as subst?ncias neuroativas investigadas, al?m de que A IR-NOS, GFAP e CR auxiliaram a delimita??o da ZI no n?vel m?dio em ZId e ZIv. Contudo, somente fibras IR 5-HT est?o presentes em todas as subdivis?es da ZI. Esses dados demonstram a grande riqueza neuroqu?mica da ZI do moc?, auxiliando para explicar o envolvimento em um amplo repertorio funcional

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Plaha, Puneet. "Stereotactic MRI guided targeting and stimulation of the caudal zona incerta nucleus in patients with movement disorders." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540885.

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Sandvik, Ulrika. "Stereotactic functional procedures in the treatment of essential tremor." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49178.

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Background: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. In cases resistant to pharmacological treatment, functional stereotactic neurosurgery can be an alternative. Lesional surgery has largely been replaced by deep brain stimulation (DBS). The current target of choice is the ventrolateral thalamus (Vim). Vim DBS has generally shown good results, but in some cases it is associated with a suboptimal effect as well as side effects. DBS in the posterior subthalamic area/caudal zona incerta (PSA/cZi) has recently shown promising effects. Recently the role of lesional therapy in selected cases has been discussed. Aim: The aim is to evaluate stereotactic functional procedures in the treatment of ET, with special emphasis on PSA DBS. Further the effects of DBS in the PSA are evaluated. The optimal target is also assessed by evaluating the effect of Vim and PSA DBS in relation to the position of the electrode. An attempt to identify patient-specific factors of prognostic importance for the outcome after DBS will be made. The quality of life (QoL) of patients treated with PSA DBS for ET will be assessed. Finally, the aim is also to analyze retrospectively the long-term outcome of lesional procedures (thalamotomies). Method: The thesis consists of five studies. The optimal electrode location is evaluated in a study analyzing the location of the electrode contact yielding the best effect in Vim DBS and PSA DBS groups. The efficacy of PSA DBS in 21 patients is evaluated in a prospective study. The correlation between outcome, age, tremor grade and gender is established in a prospective study consisting of 68 patients. Finally, the degree of improvement in QoL is determined in 16 patients operated on in the PSA. The very long-term effect of lesional surgery has been investigated in a retrospective study of nine patients who have undergone thalamotomy. Results: In the study of PSA DBS the total score on the Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS) was reduced by 60% compared to the baseline value. Tremor of the arm was improved by 95%. The study evaluating the optimal contact location showed that the best effect was in the PSA in 54% and in the Vim in 12%. The efficacy of DBS was not related to age, gender, or the severity of tremor with regard to the percentage reduction of tremor on stimulation. In patients with a more severe tremor at baseline, a higher degree of residual tremor on stimulation was seen. With regard to QoL, the activities of daily living (ADL) according to the ETRS score were significantly improved, as well as according to the ADL and psychosocial subscores on the Questionnaire for Essential Tremor (QUEST) scale. No significant changes were found on the generic Short Form (SF-36) QoL scale. Thalamotomy had some positive effects, but also a significant amount of side effects that might be attributed to the surgery. Conclusions: The effect of PSA DBS was very satisfying and compares well with the results from Vim DBS. When both Vim and PSA DBS are considered, the optimal target seems to be located in the PSA. PSA DBS shows good results in improving ADL, but the results have been difficult to demonstrate on QoL scales. The efficacy of DBS could not be shown to be associated with gender or age. Nor was it associated with the severity of tremor regarding the percentage of tremor reduction on stimulation. The preoperative severity of tremor was the most important factor regarding outcome following DBS. With regard to thalamotomies, some possible remaining benefit of the surgery could be seen along with some severe side effects.

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Lima, Raissa Rodrigues de. "A Zona Incerta no sag?i (Callithrix jacchus): An?lise Citoarquitet?nica, Neuroqu?mica e Proje??o Retiniana." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17270.

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The retinal projections in mammals usually reach, classically, three major functional systems: the primary visual system, the accessory optic system, and the circadian timing system. But the retinal projections also reach areas classically considered non-visual, one of which groups the neurons of the zona incerta (ZI), target this study. The primary visual system includes thalamic lateral geniculate complex is formed by the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and other Components. The accessory optic system is composed of the small nuclei: nuclei terminal dorsal, lateral, medial and the interstitial nucleus of the superior posterior fasciculus. These nuclei are involved in visuo-motor activities. The circadian timing system is comprised of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, that act as master circadian pacemaker, entraining pathways and efferents pathways to the efectors, and the intergeniculate leaflet, that seems to act as a modulator of the pacemaker. The retinal projections too reach classically considered non-visual areas, including the zona incerta. This region is localized in the ventral thalamus and has been implicated in various functional properties including nociceptive and somatosensory processing, motor response, sociosexual behaviour, feeding and drinking, in symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, arousal and attention. It also displays connection with several areas of central nervous system. The aim of this study was characterize the retinal projection in the zona incerta of Callithrix jacchus (sag?i), a primate of the New World through the anterograde axonal transport of the cholera toxin subunit b and analyze the citoarchicteture using Nissl and NeuN, and neurochemical substances such as serotonin, GABA, VIP, VP, GFAP and binding-calcium proteins. The zona incerta showed a different division of the literature in citoarquitetura, both by means of Nissl as neurochemical by NeuN, with a subdivision ventrolateral and dorsomedial. The neurochemical to the other substances corroborate with this subdivision. The GFAP was almost completely negative for the zona incerta, result non evidenced in previous studies yet. The 16 retinal projection in sag?i, unlike other primates and rodents, reached the caudal portion only. This work helps to make further studies are conducted based on this subdivision and the localization of the neurochemical substances associated with possible behaviors that the zona incerta is involved
As proje??es retinianas em mam?feros costumam ser agrupadas, classicamente, em tr?s grandes sistemas funcionais: O sistema visual prim?rio, o sistema ?ptico acess?rio e o sistema de temporiza??o circadiana. Por?m as proje??es retinianas tamb?m alcan?am locais considerados como classicamente n?o-visuais, um dos quais agrupa os neur?nios da zona incerta (ZI), alvo deste estudo. O sistema visual prim?rio inclui o complexo geniculado lateral tal?mico formado pelo n?cleo geniculado lateral dorsal, o folheto intergeniculado e o n?cleo geniculado lateral ventral, al?m de outros componentes. O sistema ?ptico acess?rio ? formado por pequenos n?cleos: n?cleos terminais dorsal, lateral, medial e o n?cleo intersticial do fasc?culo posterior superior. Estes n?cleos participam da atividade v?suo-motora. O sistema de temporiza??o circadiana ? composto pelo n?cleo supraquiasm?tico do hipot?lamo, tido como principal marcapasso circadiano, vias sincronizadoras e vias de sa?da aos efetores, e o folheto intergeniculado, que parece agir como modulador do marcapasso. As proje??es retinianas tamb?m alcan?am ?reas classicamente n?o-visuais, entre elas, a zona incerta. Esta regi?o est? localizada no t?lamo ventral e tem sido implicada em v?rias propriedades funcionais incluindo processamento somatosens?rio e nociceptivo, resposta motora, comportamento s?cio-sexual, de comer e beber, em sintomas de doen?as neurodegenerativas, despertar e aten??o. Apresenta tamb?m conex?o com diversas ?reas do sistema nervoso central proporcionando a esta regi?o a associa??o com diversas fun??es. O objetivo neste trabalho foi caracterizar a proje??o retiniana no Callithrix jacchus (sag?i), um primata do Novo Mundo, atrav?s do tra?ador anter?grado a unidade B da toxina col?rica, bem como analisar a citoarquitetura, utilizando o Nissl e NeuN, e a neuroqu?mica com subst?ncias neuroativas como a serotonina, o GABA, o VIP, VP, al?m de GFAP e prote?nas ligantes de c?lcio. A zona incerta apresentou uma divis?o diferenciada da presente na literatura na citoarquitetura, tanto pelo m?todo de Nissl como neuroqu?mico por NeuN, com uma subdivis?o ventrolateral e dorsomedial. A neuroqu?mica para as outras 14 subst?ncias corrobora com essa divis?o. O GFAP foi quase em completo negativo para a ZI, resultado este ainda n?o evidenciado em trabalhos anteriores. A proje??o retiniana no sag?i, diferentemente de outros primatas, e roedores, alcan?ou a por??o caudal somente. Este trabalho contribui para que novos estudos sejam realizados tomando por base essa subdivis?o bem como a localiza??o das subst?ncias neuroativas associadas a poss?veis comportamentos em que a zona incerta esteja envolvida

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Books on the topic "Zona incerta"

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Alexander, Stuart. The war zone. London: Hamilton, 1989.

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Alexander, Stuart. The war zone. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

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The war zone. New York: Bantam, 1990.

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Alexander, Stuart. The war zone. London: Black Swan, 1998.

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The war zone. Vintage, 1990.

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Vandita, Dubey, and Rahi (Organization), eds. Voices from the silent zone: Women's experiences of incest and childhood sexual abuse. New Delhi: RAHI, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Zona incerta"

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Grossman, Sebastian P. "The Role of the Zona Incerta in Water Intake Regulation." In The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite, 355–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0366-5_46.

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Siddiqui, Arif, and Catherine A. Wilson. "Serotoninergic Neurones in the Zona Incerta Exerts Inhibitory Control on Gonadotrophin Release via 5-HT2A/2C Receptors." In Protein Structure — Function Relationship, 213–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0359-6_22.

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"Zona Incerta." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 4283. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_202482.

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"Subthalamus-Subthalamic Nucleus, Zona Incerta." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2434. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_3334.

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"Chapter 15 Subthalamic nucleus and Zona Incerta." In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 285–89. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0072-9752(03)80022-2.

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Chometton, Sandrine, Marie Barbier, and Pierre-Yves Risold. "The zona incerta system: Involvement in attention and movement." In The Human Hypothalamus - Middle and Posterior Region, 173–84. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00011-2.

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Mitchell, Kyle T., Kristen A. Dodenhoff, Philip A. Starr, and Jill L. Ostrem. "Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesia, Interleaving Settings, and Management of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in DYT1 Dystonia." In Deep Brain Stimulation, edited by Laura S. Surillo Dahdah, Rasheda El-Nazer, Richard B. Dewey, Padraig O’Suilleabhain, and Shilpa Chitnis, 201–4. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647209.003.0038.

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DYT1 dystonia is a primary dystonia with potential for significant symptomatic improvement after bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi). GPi is the historical target of choice for this disease. This chapter presents a case of an adolescent with disabling generalized DYT1 dystonia who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS as part of a prospective clinical trial. While limb and cervical dystonia dramatically improved with DBS, programming was limited by stimulation-induced bilateral limb dyskinesia, including in the left arm, which was previously unaffected by dystonia. After years of evolving symptoms and complex programming, bilateral interleaved settings using both a contact in motor STN and the most dorsal DBS contact in the zona incerta resulted in sustained, near-complete resolution of dystonia without side effects. This case illustrates the use of the STN as an effective DBS target for primary dystonia, although complex programming was necessary to mitigate stimulation-induced dyskinesia.

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Conference papers on the topic "Zona incerta"

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Ferreira, Victor, Marisol Simões, Sheila Lima, Erika Carvalho, Maria Borges, and Rodrigo Oliveira. "Avaliação da incerteza de medição como ferramenta para delineamento da zona cinza na determinação de anticorpos neutralizantes anti-Febre Amarela." In VI Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2018_27225.

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Jindal, Rajni, Aditya Panwar, Nishant Sharma, and Aman Rai. "Object Tracking in a Zone using DeepSORT, YOLOv4 and TensorFlow." In 2021 2nd International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incet51464.2021.9456443.

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Brizmer, Victor, Izhak Etsion, and Yuri Kligerman. "A Model for Junction Growth of a Spherical Contact." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44071.

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The evolution of the contact area (junction growth) of an elastic-plastic preloaded spherical contact subjected to an additional tangential loading is investigated theoretically. The normal preloading leads to the formation of a junction that can support additional tangential load. A gradual increase of this tangential load, while the normal preload remains constant, can incept plasticity of the contact zone in case the initial normal preload was elastic or enhance an existing one, thus lowering the tangential stiffness of the junction. Finally, the tangential stiffness approaches zero which corresponds to sliding inception (i.e. loss of stability). The evolution of the contact area during the tangential loading prior to sliding inception reveals an essential junction growth which depends on the magnitude of the normal preload. The mechanism causing this junction growth seems to be new points of the sphere surface, which originally lay outside of the initial contact area that are coming into contact with the rigid flat during the tangential loading. A theoretical relation is developed for the dependence of junction growth on the normal preload, which correlates well with some limited experiments.

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