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Journal articles on the topic 'Zone of microbial growth inhibition'
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Balmages, Ilya, Dmitrijs Bļizņuks, Inese Polaka, Alexey Lihachev, and Ilze Lihacova. "Classification of Microbial Activity and Inhibition Zones Using Neural Network Analysis of Laser Speckle Images." Sensors 25, no. 11 (2025): 3462. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25113462.
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This study addresses the challenge of rapidly and accurately distinguishing zones of microbial activity from antibiotic inhibition zones in Petri dishes. We propose a laser speckle imaging technique enhanced with subpixel correlation analysis to monitor dynamic changes in the inhibition zone surrounding an antibiotic disc. This method provides faster results compared to the standard disk diffusion assay recommended by EUCAST. To enable automated analysis, we used machine learning algorithms for classifying areas of bacterial or fungal activity versus inhibited growth. Classification is performed over short time windows (e.g., 1 h), supporting near-real-time assessment. To further improve accuracy, we introduce a correction method based on the known spatial dynamics of inhibition zone formation. The novelty of the study lies in combining a speckle imaging subpixel correlation algorithm with ML classification and with pre- and post-processing. This approach enables early automated assessment of antimicrobial effects with potential applications in rapid drug susceptibility testing and microbiological research.
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Anggraeni, Ratih, and Nola Monalisa Lingga. "TEST THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CRASSOCEPHALUM CREPIDIOIDES LEAF AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES." JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) 4, no. 2 (2022): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v4i2.1082.
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The ethanol extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaves was tested against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Extracts from the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides are known to have the potential to suppress microbial growth because contain active compounds of alkaloids and flavonoids. The test was carried out by the diffusion method using disc paper that had been soaked in a solution of ethanol extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaves with a concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. Amoxicillin as a positive control and DMSO as a negative control. It is known that the inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of 20% the inhibition zone is 11mm, the concentration of the inhibition zone of 30% is 11.8mm, the concentration of 40% of the inhibition zone is 12.2mm, the concentration of 50% is the inhibition zone is 12.6mm. The higher the concentration of the ethanol extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaves, the wider the area of inhibition against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria.
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R.O., Ezebo,, and Okigbo, R.N. "Biological Control of Post-harvest Rot in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) Using Antagonistic Fungi." International Journal of Pathogen Research 13, no. 6 (2024): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2024/v13i6325.
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Water yam tubers are staple food consumed in the South-Eastern Nigeria and are susceptible to microbial contamination in storage. This investigation focused on antagonistic potentials of saprophytic fungi, Cryptococcus nemorosus, Rhodotorula toruloides and Nakaseomyces glabratus against the spoilage fungi of water yam tubers in storage. The diseased tissues from the water yam samples were inoculated on PDA plates. The microbial pathogens obtained were; Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium solani and Penicillium spp. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed and the Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) was used to test the difference among treatments. The results of the in vitro assessment of fungal pathogens on water yam samples revealed that Cryptococcus nemorosus showed the highest zone of inhibition (13.50 + 0.12 mm) on Botryodiplodia theobromae while the least zone of inhibition (9.14 + 0.26 mm) was recorded for Fusarium solani after 48 hours of incubation. Rhodotorula toruloides recorded the highest zone of inhibition (22.10 + 0.45 mm) on Rhizopus stolonifer whereas the least zone of inhibition (9.05 + 0.36 mm) was observed on Botryodiplodia theobromae after 48 hours of incubation. Nakaseomyces glabratus showed the highest zone of inhibition (27.80 + 0.13 mm) on Botryodiplodia theobromae while the least zone of inhibition (14.84 + 0. 20 mm) was recorded against Fusarium solani after 48 hours of incubation. The results of the in vivo mean mycelia radial growth of the fungal pathogens revealed that Cryptococcus nemorosus showed the highest growth (73.75 + 0.11 mm) against Aspergillus niger while the least growth (64.80 + 0.15 mm) was observed on Rhizopus stolonifer after 48 hours of incubation. Rhodotorula toruloides had the highest growth (68.45 + 0.50 mm) on Aspergillus niger while the least growth (55.50 + 0.09 mm) was recorded against Rhizopus stolonifer after 48 hours of incubation. Nakaseomyces glabratus showed the highest growth (67.00 + 0.12 mm) on Rhizopus stolonifer whereas the least growth (51.90 + 0.12 mm) was recorded against Botryodiplodia theobromae after 48 hours of incubation. The fungitoxic potentials of these biological antagonists on water yam rot can provide an alternative to synthetic fungicides since it is less expensive, environmentally friendly and easy to prepare.
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Gowri, J., P. Arockia Sahayaraj, and M. Amaladasan. "Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf, Flower and Stem Extracts of Sphenoclea zeylanica." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (2016): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15760.
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The present study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antimicrobial potentials of leaves, flowers and stem extracts of Sphenoclea zeylanica. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts against medically important bacterial and fungal strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined in the extracts using zone of inhibition method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts (40, 50, 60 and 70) of Sphenoclea zeylanica were tested against B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, S.aureus, E.coli, C. albicans, A. niger, S. typhi and B. cereus. Zone of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of control for antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the leaf extract showed notable inhibition of the microbial growth against the tested organisms. The microbial activity of the Sphenoclea zeylanic a might be due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence, this plant can be used to identify the specific bioactive natural products which may serve as leads in the development of new antimicrobial agents.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 325-329
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Budaraga, I. K., D. P. Putra, and Y. Yanti. "Microbial activities and minimum liquid smoke killing concentration made of cacao pod toward Lasiodiplodia theobromae growth." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1059, no. 1 (2022): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1059/1/012068.
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Abstract Cocoa has become the leading export commodity from the plantation sector. The Increasing of cocoa production results in the increase of the cocoa shell waste amount. Cocoa shell utilization is still very limited. The benefit of cocoa shell is that this waste contains secondary metabolites that can be used as antimicrobial agents. One of the products that can be produced from cocoa shell waste is liquid smoke. This study was focused in determining the antimicrobial activity and the minimum kill concentration from liquid smoke on the growth of the Lasiodiplodia theobremae fungi from different amounts of raw materials moisture content and pyrolysis temperatures. This research indicated that cocoa shells liquid smoke from different amounts of water content and temperature of pyrolysis had antimicrobial activity and the application of different concentrations in the minimum kill concentration test can inhibit Lasiodiplodia theobremae fungi growth. Liquid smoke antimicrobial activity at 10% water content and temperatures at 200, 300, and 400°C obtained inhibition zone values of 10.40; 16.75 and 17.80 mm. At the 15% moisture content and temperatures of 200, 300and 400°C, the inhibition zone value is 10.15; 15.70 and 16.15 mm. At 20% water content and temperatures of 200, 300and 400°C, it obtained inhibition zone values of 4.25; 11,45 and 12.30 mm. At 25% water content and temperatures of 200, 300, and 400°C, it obtained inhibition zone values of 3.70; 7.65 and 8.65 mm. The value of minimum kill concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration of liquid smoke at 10, 15, 20, and 25 % water content at temperatures of 200, 300, and 400°C obtained the values of 1% and 9%.
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Wulansari, Nadya Treesna. "Plant-Based Probiotic Beverages in Preventing the Growth of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria: A Review." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 20, no. 3 (2025): 444–51. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8745.
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Foodborne illnesses are mostly caused by bacteria. Bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus, are the most common causes of foodborne diseases. One alternative to reduce the risk of infection from bacteria that cause foodborne diseases is the consumption of probiotic beverages, which has become a natural alternative in improving digestive health and endurance. One type of probiotic drink that is gaining increasing attention is plant-based kombucha tea. Plant parts that can be used as kombucha tea are fruits, leaves, and flowers and have antibacterial activity with various categories of inhibition zone strength. This research uses a systematic review and collects relevant articles, with 14 articles as the main reference. The analysis found that salak Bali fruit, pineapple honey fruit, belimbing wuluh fruit, tea leaves, soursop leaves, telang flowers, gardenia flowers, and red seaweed have the potential as a probiotic kombucha tea drink that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that cause foodborne diseases. The categories of inhibition zones produced ranged from weak to very strong, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 4.20 mm to 24.7 mm. The optimal zone of inhibition of this probiotic drink is influenced by the plant parts used, the length of fermentation, the type of substrate, the test method and the type of bacteria. Plant-based probiotic beverages show effective antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens and offer valuable insights into microbial interactions and sustainable food biotechnology in scientific learning.
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Manjula.C.G, George Rosamma, and Gayathree.L. "Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Different Endodontic Sealers against Three Root Canal Pathogens-An in-Vitro Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 12 (2023): 778–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11193363.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Main objective of endodontic treatment is removal of micro-organisms from root canal and preventing them from re-infecting. Endodontic sealers exhibit antimicrobial activity thereby eliminate micro-organisms from root canals and facilitate success of endodontic treatment. <strong>AIM:</strong> To evaluate and compare antimicrobial activity of different endodontic sealers against three root canal pathogens. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Microbial suspension of Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was prepared. Petri-dish containing Mueller Hilton agar medium were streaked with sterile cotton swabs dipped in microbial suspensions. Four wells of equal dimension were prepared, and were immediately filled with equal volumes of freshly mixed selected four sealers i.e., Zinc Oxide Eugenol based, Epoxy Resin based, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate based, Bio Ceramic based sealers. After pre-diffusion plates were incubated at 37<sup>0</sup>C and microbial growth inhibition zones were measured using digital callipers, after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. All the assays were conducted in triplicate under aseptic precautions and data was recorded in terms of average diameter of inhibition zone. Data was statistically analysed using Epi Info and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. <strong>Results:</strong> Four sealers exhibited microbial growth inhibition. Epoxy Resin sealer showed the greatest microbial growth inhibition of 13.89±2.96 millimetres followed by MTA sealer (9.67 ±3.84 millimetres) and Bioceramics sealer (9.22±1.75 millimetres). ZOE sealer comparatively exhibited mild antimicrobial activity (8.89±1.91 millimetres). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> All sealers exhibited antimicrobial activity. Epoxy Resin sealer showed highest antimicrobial activity followed by MTA, Bioceramics sealer and ZOE sealer against tested organisms.
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Halifah Pagarra, Rachmawaty, Musawira, Besti Handayani, and Muhammad Naufal Syaiful Haq. "The Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Matoa (Pometia pinnata) Leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli." Biosel Biology Science and Education 14, no. 2 (2025): 178–86. https://doi.org/10.33477/bs.v14i2.9376.
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Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is a plant commonly used by the Indonesian people for traditional medicine due to its rich content of metabolites. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of matoa leaves The leaves were extracted using a 70% ethanol solvent with a ratio of 1:4 using the maceration method, and phytochemical screening was performed on the leaf extract. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the matoa leaf extract contains various metabolites, including triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. Secondary metabolite compounds in matoa leaves are thought to be able to inhibit microbial growth so that inhibition zones can be formed. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity demonstrated that the matoa leaf extract effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. the largest inhibition zone is of 18.22 mm at 10% extract concentration, and E. coli, with an inhibition zone largest is of 10.87 mm at 10% extract concentration. While the smallest inhibition zone in S. aureus is 15.29 mm at 7.5% concentration, and in E. coli is 5% at 5% extract concentration.. This study suggests that matoa leaves have the potential to serve as natural bioactive compounds and antimicrobial agents in the clinical industry. Keywords: Matoa, Phytochemical, Antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
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Bolhari, Behnam, Aidin Sooratgar, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Nazanin Chitsaz, and Iman Hamraz. "Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with Fluorohydroxyapatite against E. faecalis In Vitro." Scientific World Journal 2021 (November 24, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6318690.
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Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant microorganism in chronic apical periodontitis. It is more resistant to local antiseptic agents than other endodontic microorganisms. Currently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is considered as an ideal material in many endodontic procedures. Some studies have shown that MTA has good antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. However, some studies have investigated the effect of incorporating some materials into MTA on its antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. No study has evaluated the effect of incorporating fluorohydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-FHA) on the antimicrobial activity of MTA. Therefore, the present study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of MTA mixed with nano-FHA on E. faecalis in vitro. The study was carried out on 18 samples in three groups: pure MTA, MTA mixed with 10 wt% of nano-FHA, and MTA mixed with 15 wt% of nan-FHA. The effect of nano-FHA on the antibacterial activity of MTA on E. faecalis was evaluated by evaluating the growth inhibition zone around each sample. The antimicrobial effect of samples on inhibiting E. faecalis biofilm formation and inhibiting microbial growth of E. faecalis in the planktonic phase was evaluated by disk agar diffusion (DAD), biofilm inhibition assay (BIA), and direct contact assay (DCA) tests, respectively. All the above tests were analyzed after 24 and 72 hours. Factorial designs were used for statistical analyses. Tukey tests were used for two-by-two comparisons. All the statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS 26. DAD results showed no formation of the growth inhibition zone in all the samples after 24 and 72 hours. The microbial colony counts in the BIA and DCA tests in the groups modified with FHA nanoparticles were significantly lower than the pure MTA group ( P < 0.05 ). The microbial colony counts increased in all the groups over time ( P < 0.05 ). Incorporating nano-FHA into MTA improved the antimicrobial activity of MTA against E. faecalis compared to pure MTA. The highest antimicrobial activity was achieved after incorporating 15 wt% of nano-FHA into MTA at the 72-hour interval.
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Kituyi, Lusweti, Samson M. Lutta, and Steve Barasa. "Antimicrobial activity of Artemisia annua L and Aloe barbadense miller plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Phytopharmacology 12, no. 5 (2023): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12503.
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Artemisia annua L. and Aloe barbadense miller are medicinal plants applied in treatment of various diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacterium found commonly on the skin and in the environment. Phytochemical are plants secondary metabolites with promising medicinal properties as remedy to limitations associated with the conventional drugs. A study was conducted to investigate the anti-microbial properties of bioactive components from natural leave extracts of Artemisia annua L. and Aloe barbadensis miller obtained from methanolic as extractant against Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis revealed the leave extracts contained most plant secondary metabolites. The biochemical components from both plants were established to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Artemisia annua L had an inhibition zone of 20.67 mm while Aloe barbadensis miller had 10.33 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The anti-microbial activity of the combined leaves extracts displayed significant high levels of synergetic properties with an inhibition zone of 23.67 mm. Gentamicin which served as standard for the assay had an inhibition zone of 27.67 mm. The study hence showed Artemisia annua L and Aloe barbadensis miller leaves bioactive components can be applied as an effective alternative medicine in management of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Kumar, R. Sathish, G. Anburaj, and G. Vasantha. "The phytochemical analysis and antibacterial effectiveness of leaf extracts from Cleome gynandra L." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 31, April Suppl. Issue (2025): 440–47. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2025.v31i03s.067.
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The aim of the study is to evaluate the qualitative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity to determine the zone of inhibition of Cleome gynandra leaf extracts on some bacterial and fungal strains. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Cleome gynandra plant extracts was performed to detect the presence of phyto-constituents namely alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannin, cardiac glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones and terpenoids. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids were strongly found in acetone and chloroform extract similarly, phenols and saponins were strongly present in petroleum ether extracts. The microbial activity of leaf extracts of C. gynandra Linn was evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against important bacterial and fungal strains. The acetone extract exhibited much greater inhibition on Bacillus cereus (14.3±3.7 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12.6±3.0 mm) followed by Staphylococcus haemoilyticus (9.3±1.5 mm) and Klebsiella oxytoca (9.0±1.0 mm). Less inhibitions were noted against Serratia marcescens (5.0±4.3mm). In chloroform extract moderate inhibition on Staphylococcus haemoilyticus and Serratia marcescens (8.0±1.0 mm), Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella oxytoca (7.33±0.57mm). No inhibition zone in Staphylococcus aureus. The petroleum ether extract was responses only two bacteria (figure 2) Staphylococcus aureus (9.33±1.5 mm), Bacillus cereus (8.33±0.57 mm) and other organism were not resistance. Similarly, various organic solvent leaf extract is tested against five fungal pathogens. The highest zone was measured in acetone leaf extract on Candida tropicalis (14±1.0 mm), chloroform extract on Cryptococcus neoformans (11.3±1.15 mm) and moderate inhibition were noted on Candida tropicalis (8.0±1.0 mm). Petroleum ether leaf extracts only effect on Aspergillus niger (7.0±0 mm) and Candida tropicalis (7.33±0.57 mm). The results showed that the notable inhibition of the bacterial growth was shown against the tested organisms. The microbial activity of the C. gynandra was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence, these plants can be used to discover bioactive compounds that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities.
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Puttamayutanon, P., W. Trongarom, N. Janta, S. Ruengsiri, S. Kamjaisai, and P. Chantawannakul. "Antimicrobial Activity of Newly Formulated Propolis Cream." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.545.
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The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activities present in newly formulated propolis cream and compare them with an organic solvent extract of propolis. The antimicrobial activities were examined using the agar well diffusion method and measuring the growth inhibition zone. The skin pathogen gram-positive organisms used were Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Staphylococcus aureus. The propolis cream and extracts showed satisfactory inhibitory effects on the microbial growth.
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Elgamily, Hanaa, Amani Moussa, Asmaa Elboraey, Hoda EL-Sayed, Marwa Al-Moghazy, and Aboelfetoh Abdalla. "Microbiological Assessment of Moringa Oleifera Extracts and Its Incorporation in Novel Dental Remedies against Some Oral Pathogens." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 4 (2016): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.132.
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AIM: To assess the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of different parts of Moringa oleifera plant using different extraction methods in attempts to formulate natural dental remedies from this plant.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three solvents extracts (Ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) of different parts of Egyptian Moringa tree were prepared and tested against oral pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion method; As well as to incorporate the plant extract to formulate experimental toothpaste and mouthwash. The two dental remedies were assessed against the same microbial strains. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA test to compare the inhibition zone diameter and t-test.RESULTS: Ethanol extracts as well as leaves extracts demonstrated the highest significant mean inhibition zone values (P ≤ 0.05) against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans growth. However, all extracts revealed no inhibition zone against Candida albicans. For dental remedies, experimental toothpaste exhibited higher mean inhibition than the mouthwash against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and only the toothpaste revealed antifungal effect against Candida albicans.CONCLUSION: The different extracts of different parts of Moringa showed an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans growth. The novel toothpaste of ethanolic leaves extract has antimicrobial and antifungal potential effects all selected strains.
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Suganda, Julis, Budi Afriyansyah, and Rosha Kurnia Fembriyanto. "EKSTRAK KASAR KAYU CEMPEDAK (Artocarpus champeden) DAN AKAR UBE-UBE (Derris elegans) SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI NIRA AREN." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 11, no. 2 (2018): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i2.6977.
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AbstrakNira aren (Arenga pinnata) sebagai bahan baku pembuatan gula aren mudah terkontaminasi oleh mikroba seperti khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan bakteri Acetobacter sp. Kerusakan nira dapat dihambat dengan menggunakan bahan pengawet alami. Bahan pengawet alami yang biasa digunakan untuk menghambat kerusakan nira aren ialah ekstrak kayu cempedak (Artocarpus champeden) dan ekstrak akar ube-ube (Derris elegans) yang dibuat dengan menggunakan teknik maserasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dalam penghambatan mikroba dan konsentrasi terbaik aplikasi sebagai pengawet alami nira aren. Pengamatan meliputi penghambatan mikroba (pembentukkan zona) dan aplikasi pengawet alami nira aren (total gula dan pH). Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak akar ube-ube konsentrasi 14% merupakan konsentrasi terbaik dalam pembentukkan zona penghambatan mikroba. Nilai total gula dan pH terbaik dalam mencegah kerusakan nira aren pada penambahan ekstrak ube-ube dengan konsentrasi 14%. Berdasarkan penelitian ini bahwa ekstrak akar ube-ube dengan konsentrasi 14% merupakan pengawet alami yang terbaik dalam mengambat mikroba perusak nira aren.Abstract Palm juice (Arenga pinnata) as a raw material for making palm sugar easily contaminated by microbes such as yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacteria Acetobacter sp. Damage to sap can be inhibited by using natural preservatives. Natural preservatives used to inhibit the damage to Arenga pinnata sap is cempedak wood extract (Artocarpus champeden) and ube-ube root extract (Derris elegans) making of using maseration technique. The purpose of this research consentration that shows the best to inhibition growth to microbial and consentration that natural palm juice preservative application. Observations included microbial inhibition (zone formation) and natural palm juice preservative (total sugar and pH). The results showed extract ube-ube root concentration of 14% is the best concentration to inhibition growth to microbial. The value of total sugar and pH the best in preventing damage to palm juice on the addition of extract ube-ube root with a concentration of 14%. Based in this study that the of extract ube-ube root with a consentration of 14% is the best natural preservative in inhibiting the microbes destroying palm sugar.
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Pringgenies, Delianis. "Antibacterial Activity of Sea Cucumbers Harvested from Karimunjawa." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (2013): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i2.90.
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This research was conducted to discover bioactive compounds in sea cucumbers collected from Karimunjawa as anti-microbial agents against several pathogenic bacteria. Five sea cucumbers species used in this study were Teripang Gamat (Stichopus variegatus), Teripang Nanas (Stichopus chloronotus), Teripang Getah (Bohadschia mamorata), Teripang Emas (Stichopus herrmanni) and Teripang Babi (Bohadschia argus). Sea cucumbers extract were subjected to a series of anti-microbial tests using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguila, Vibrio voinivica, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas sp. Results showed that in the preliminary study, tissue extract of Bohadschia mamorata and Bohadschia argus were able to suppress the growth of all tested bacteria. Further study used these two sea cucumber extracts, and the results show that Bohadschia mamorata extract at 10 mg/ml showed the largest antibacterial (2.18 mm) towards the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas sp., while the smallest antibacterial zone (0.63 mm) was against the growth of Bacillus subtilis. At the concentration level of 20 mg/ml Bohadschia argus extract showed the highest antibacterial zone of 3.68 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and the lowest inhibition zone (1.75 mm) against Pseudomonas sp.
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Miranti, Indira Pipit, and Silviyani Silviyani. "TESTING THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EGGPLANT THORN (SOLANUM CAROLINENSE) ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA (STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS) IN VITRO." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature 1, no. 3 (2022): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53067/ijomral.v1i3.35.
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Streptococcus mutans is the main pathogenic bacteria causing caries and tooth enamel damage. Eggplant spines (Solanum carolinense) contains active substances that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria on teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of thorn eggplant on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria and to determine the optimal concentration of thorn eggplant extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro. The type of method used in this study is an experimental study, with the dependent variable being the zone of inhibition of the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the independent variable being differences in the concentration of ethanol extract of thorn eggplant (Solanum carolinense) at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 96 ethanol. % as negative control and chloramphenicol as positive control, control variables for the presence of other microbial contamination, media thickness, turbidity of bacterial suspension, incubation temperature, disc distance, incubation time, sterilization of equipment, media and room. The results of this study were the effect of the ethanol extract of thorn eggplant on Streptococcus mutans and the optimal concentration of the ethanolic extract of thorn eggplant was 80% with an inhibition zone diameter of 11 mm (strong) which was indicated by the appearance of the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone at each treatment
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Rahmawati, Dicha Yuliadewi, Viola Febi Kurniawan, Oei Tirza Cintya Sanjaya, Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman, and Henry Yonatan Mandalas. "Antibacterial effects of tomato ethanol extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis: a laboratory experiment." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 35, no. 3 (2023): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol35no3.50582.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Process of dental plaque formation consists of three stages, pellicle formation, initial colonization facultative gram-positive one of microbes is S. mutans, secondary colonization and microbial maturation by Porphyromonas intermedia, P. gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Formation of dental biofilm is considered to be main etiology of chronic periodontitis. Bacteria that often involved in chronic periodontitis are P. gingivalis. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) content lycopene compounds, flavonoids, and saponins have been shown to inhibit or kill bacterial growth. The aim is to analyze the antibacterial effect of servo tomato ethanol extract against S. mutans and P. gingivalis. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental one with a posttest only control group design where observed variable diameter of the inhibition zone was produced from ethanolic extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in various concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% chlorhexidine 0.2% as a positive control, negative control of distilled water against S. mutans and P. gingivalis on blood agar media. The method used in this study was the well-diffusion test. Results: The highest inhibitory zone at 100% concentration with a diameter of 32.10 mm was very strong; lowest inhibition at 3.123% was 3.95 mm, weak classification and against P. gingivalis at 3.125%, it was 3.72 mm, weak classification, meanwhile at 100% concentration, it was 9.67 mm, medium classification. The results of the One Way ANOVA statistical test showed a p<0.05 which had a significant effect in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. Conclusions: There was an antibacterial effect of the ethanolic extract of tomato against S.mutans produced a larger diameter and stronger inhibition zone meanwhile against P.gingivalis produce medium inhibition zone. The content of tomatoes such as lycopene compounds, flavonoids, and saponins have been shown to inhibit or kill bacterial growth.Keyword : tomato ethanol extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.), S. mutans, P. gingivalis, antibacterial
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Hidayat, Fitria Rizka, Sukiman Sukiman, Ernin Hidayati, Sarkono Sarkono, Bambang Fajar Suryadi, and Faturrahman Faturrahman. "Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract among Three Ganoderma Species From Lombok in Inhibition Growth of Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans." Journal of Science and Science Education 1, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v1i1.453.
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Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans are opportunistic pathogenic fungi that cause infectious diseases that are the world's biggest health problems. The use of antibiotics is one way to overcome the spread of the infection and cause microbial resistance. Ganoderma is one of the many macrophages found on Lombok's island, and studies of its antifungal activity have not been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal potential and the effect of different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of three Ganoderma species on C. albicans and C. neoformans. Ganoderma samples were obtained from Suranadi Taman Wisata Alam (TWA), Sesaot TWA, Tunak Mountain TWA, Kerandangan TWA, and Pusuk Forest. Ganoderma extraction was carried out by the maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with metronidazole as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the well. The results obtained are the three species of Ganoderma have antifungal activity against test fungi, and different levels of concentration affect inhibition. The amount of the inhibition zone is directly proportional to the high concentration of the extract. All three Ganoderma species are more effective in inhibiting the growth of C. neoformans compared with Candida albicans
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Pinheiro, Cláudia Ramos, Adriana Simionatto Guinesi, Antônio Carlos Pizzolitto, and Idomeo Bonetti-Filho. "In vitro antimicrobial activity of acroseal, polifil and epiphany against Enterococcus faecalis." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 2 (2009): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000200003.
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Using the agar diffusion method, this study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the commercial endodontic sealers Acroseal and Epiphany, a castor-oil based experimental sealer, Polifil, and a primer agent (Epiphany self-etching primer), against Enterococcus faecalis. Zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE) served as control. Five wells per dish were made at equidistant points and immediately filled with the test and control materials. After incubation of the dishes at 37ºC for 24 h and 48 h, the diameter of the zones of microbial growth inhibition produced around the wells was measured (in mm) with a millimeter rule. After 48 h, the diameters of the zones of microbial growth inhibition were the same as those observed at 24 h, only the substances continued to diffuse. Epiphany and Polifil did not show antibacterial activity (no formation of zones of microbial growth inhibition). The primer produced the largest zones of inhibition (17.62 mm) followed by Acroseal (7.25 mm) and ZOE (7.12 mm). E. faecalis was resistant to Epiphany and Polifil, while the primer and Acroseal sealer were effective against this microorganism under the tested conditions.
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Saud, Sophia, and Indiresha H. Narayana. "Enriched advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus gold nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis for its potential use in revascularization for necrotic immature permanent teeth." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 27, no. 7 (2024): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_213_24.
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Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures allow reinforcement of root canal wall and continuation of root development, opening new therapeutic possibilities. The root canal system of infected teeth is colonized by a variety of microorganisms, which hinder the regenerative process, leading to treatment failure if not adequately addressed, thereby requiring careful attention to microbial control. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and gold nanoparticles (AuNps) against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Intravenous blood (5–6 ml) was drawn from four healthy individuals, and A-PRF was prepared through centrifugation at 1500 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 14 min. A-PRF was doped with 3 µl of AuNps and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using disk diffusion; inhibition zones were measured. For minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), A-PRF + AuNps were added to the microbial broth at varying concentrations to determine growth inhibition and microbial death. Results: Disk diffusion assays revealed significant antibacterial effects against E. faecalis. Norfloxacin displayed the highest mean zone of inhibition (20.33 ± 1.53 mm), followed by the Test group (A-PRF + AuNPs) (19.33 ± 0.58 mm). Multiple comparisons indicated significant differences (P < 0.001). MIC of A-PRF + AuNPs against E. faecalis was 0.031 mg/ml, with MBC at 0.015 mg/ml. Conclusion: The addition of AuNPs to A-PRF offers the potential for sustained growth factor release while maintaining the sterility of the canal, leading to successful revitalization and regeneration. The combined use of A-PRF + AuNps shows promise for enhancing revascularization in necrotic immature permanent teeth.
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Asad, Farkhanda, Shahzad Nasir, Itrat Fatima, et al. "ASSESSMENT OF BACTERICIDAL ROLE OF EPIDERMAL MUCUS OF MAJOR CARPS AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROBIAL STRAINS." Science Journal of University of Zakho 13, no. 1 (2025): 71–76. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.1.1410.
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This research evaluated the antimicrobial potential of mucus from major carps, specifically Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita, against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Fish weighing 300-350 grams were stoked and acclimated for 15 days, fed with commercially available diet at 4% of their body weight. Fish were treated with KMnO4 solution to avoid any infection before mucus collection and collected mucus was stored at 4°C. Mucus extracts were screened for antibacterial potential using the agar well diffusion method, measuring antibacterial effects by the zone of inhibition (ZOI) in mm. L. rohita secreted more mucus than C. mrigala. The mucus appearance of L. rohita was highly viscous, while less viscous in C. mrigala. In L. rohita mucus, maximum antimicrobial efficiency was observed. Results showed greater efficacy in limiting the growth of E. coli with zone of inhibition (16mm). Mucus is a key defense against disease. Fish skin mucus can serve as an alternative to antibiotics for use in aquaculture and potentially for human application. As a natural product, it may help reduce problems associated with antibiotic resistance.
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Ismayati, Maya, Deni Zulfiana, Setiawan Khoirul Himmi, et al. "Antimicrobial Activity of Ten Extractives from Toba, North Sumatra and Mt. Merapi National Park Regions, Indonesia." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 1 (2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1976-85.
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Investigating beneficial chemical compounds of plant extracts is one of the ways to prevent biodiversity loss. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of indigenous plant extracts from Toba, North Sumatra, and Mt. Merapi National Park regions against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis by calculating the zone of microbial growth inhibition. Among the plant extracts, T5 that identified asToona sinensisshowed the highestmicrobial inhibitionto the growth of C. albicans, B. subtilis, S. typhi, and E. coli with the diameter growth of approximately 2.00, 1.80, 1.33, and 1.33 cm, respectively. Based on those results, T. sinensis was thensubsequently fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively.The resulted fractions also were evaluated for antimicrobial bioassay. All fractions have shown activity in inhibiting the growth of the microbes at 1% concentration. However, each fraction showedgrowth inhibition against certain microbes. The n-hexane fraction showed the greatest inhibitory activity for E. coli and S. typhi; ethyl acetate fraction for B. subtilis and C. albicans; and methanol fraction for E. coli and S. typhi. The results revealed that T. sinensis plant extract has great potential asan antimicrobial agent. Further investigation is needed to observe the mode of antimicrobial action of fractionated crude extracts of T. Sinensis. The exploring potency of Indonesian biodiversity opened up a new way for the utilization of plants for economic development and conservation.Keywords: antimicrobial plants, indigenous knowledge, Toba-North Sumatra, Mt. Merapi
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Regina, Leong Z. L., H. L. Wan, and S. S. Teo. "Antimicrobial activity of hydrogel loaded with Capsicum annuum, Auricularia auricula judae and Kappaphycus alvarezii." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 4 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2704rjce01006.
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Antimicrobial activity refers to any substance that demonstrates the ability to reduce or inhibit the presence of microbes. Many substances derived from living organisms are claimed to play an essential role in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Thus, it is advisable to incorporate them into a functional system for delaying or inhibiting microbial activities. As a synthetic polymeric network, the hydrogel retaining a significant amount of water within its structure, is widely used in the healthcare industry. Due to water being one of their main constituents, microbial contamination in the hydrogel is challenging. Here, a simple method is proposed by investigating the antibacterial activities of gellan gum hydrogel loaded with hot water extracts of Capsicum annuum, Auricularia auricula judae and Kappaphycus alvarezii. Disc diffusion assay is used to evaluate the crude extracts' antimicrobial activity and their hydrogel against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. A. auricula-judae crude extract showed antimicrobial activity on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. In contrast, hydrogel supplemented with A. auricula-judae only showed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. K. alvarezii crude extract showed antimicrobial activity on both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. On the other hand, the inhibition zones formed by hydrogel supplemented with K. alvarezii on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were smaller than the inhibition zones created by K. alvarezii crude extract. C. annuum crude extract only showed antibacterial activity on P. aeruginosa. No inhibition was observed in all test bacteria for the C. annuum with hydrogel. No inhibition zone was formed by A. auricula judae, K. alvarezii, C. annuum and hydrogel on B. cereus and E. coli. As a result, the antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was higher than its product, hydrogel supplemented with crude extracts respectively. The hydrogel supplemented with A. auricula-judae, K. alvarezii and C. annuum show limited potential in antimicrobial activity, especially toward B. cereus and E. coli.
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Parmonova, Maftuna Fayzullayevna Shermatova Iroda Bakhtiyor kizi. "EVALUATION OF DIAMETERS OF INHIBITION OF MICROBIAL GROWTH ZONES SILVER NANOPARTICLES." ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE 1, no. 11 (2022): 54–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6988522.
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In recent years, extensive research has been conducted all over the world to develop a technology for the synthesis of rare metal nanoparticles and finished dosage forms based on them using innovative technologies in the pharmaceutical industry.In recent years, extensive research has been conducted all over the world to develop a technology for the synthesis of rare metal nanoparticles and finished dosage forms based on them using innovative technologies in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Abul, Kalam, G. Al-Sehemi Abdullah, A. Alrumman Sulaiman, and A. Assiri Mohammad. "In vitro antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticle synthesized using Aster squamatus flower extract against selected pathogenic microbial." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 97, No. 9b, Sept 2020 (2020): 1462–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5656748.
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfueah. Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia <em>E-mail:</em> kalamabul003@gmail.com <em>Manuscript received online 02 June 2020, accepted 19 July 2020</em> The aim of this study was to green synthesis and investigates the antimicrobial activities of Aster squamatus flower (ASF) extract and their silver nanoparticle (ASFAg) counter to numeral clinical pathogenic microbial. The biocompatible silver nanoparticle (ASFAg) was investigated by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The prepared ASFAg revealed a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band at 432 nm. In the results, all growth of the investigated pathogenic microbial strains had been ceased in varied range by the silver nanoparticles potent than the crude extract of Aster squamatus flower. ASF extract showed week antimicrobial activities against Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Proteus mirabilis with inhibition zone between (10.33 mm to 18.33 mm) while no activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Klebsiella pneumonia is the best prone microbes with inhibition zone (29.00 mm), while Enterococcus faecalis and Shigella dysenteriae establish as the lowermost prone microbes of inhibition zone between (12.67 mm to 13.33 mm) by ASFAg. As a result, ASFAg perhaps could be significant pharmacological drugs counter to specific microbial strains.
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Uehara, Satiko, Marcia Regina Franzolin, Flávio César Viani, Soledad Chiesa, Aricelma Pinheiro França, and Claudete Rodrigues Paula. "Activity of Tri-N-Butyl Tin maleate in carpets against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, verified through two methodologies: Inhibition Halo (HZ) and Inhibition Surface (Print)." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 3 (2008): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000300011.
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The aim of the present study was to verify the activity of the Tri-N-Butyl Tin maleate compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, after its industrial application in 40 samples of carpets of different materials (polypropylene, polyester, polyamide and wool). The qualitative assays were performed through two methodologies: Inhibition Halo (HZ) and Inhibition of Surface (Print). The carpet with the product inhibited 100% of bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Aspergillus niger) growth, under the conditions of this study. The microbial inhibition was higher in upper portion of carpets. The methodologies employed appear to be adequate to test the bactericide and fungicide activities of the Tri-N-Butyl Tin maleate. The print methodology confirmed the results obtained by the inhibition zone assay. Further studies using the same methodologies are needed to confirm our results.
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Geng, Xu, Yan Wei, Yuanxin Li, et al. "Antimicrobial Activity of Nano-GeO2/CTAB Complex Against Fungi and Bacteria Isolated from Paper." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 24 (2024): 13541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413541.
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Microbial attack, particularly fungal degradation of cellulose, is a leading cause of paper damage. To address fungal spores and the rising concern of microbial drug resistance, a nano-Germanium dioxide (GeO2)/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) complex (nano-GeO2/CTAB complex) with potent antibacterial properties was synthesized. Its inhibitory effects were evaluated against bacteria, including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, as well as fungi isolated from paper (Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium citrinum). The nano-GeO2/CTAB complex exhibited significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, a 60 min treatment with 1 mg/mL of the complex significantly inhibited the growth of all tested fungi and reduced their biomass after five days of culture, while 4 mg/mL completely deactivated spores. Filter paper pre-treated with the nano-GeO2/CTAB complex showed complete resistance to microbial attack, exhibiting no fungal growth and a clear inhibition zone devoid of bacterial growth. In contrast, untreated controls displayed fungal coverage exceeding 95% within five days. These findings highlight the nano-GeO2/CTAB complex as a promising antimicrobial agent for protecting paper materials from microbial degradation.
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Adeeyo, Adeyemi Ojutalayo, John Odiyo, and Kehinde Odelade. "Chemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Properties of Phyto-Active Extracts from Terminalia glaucescens Stem Against Water Microbial Contaminants." Open Biotechnology Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701812010001.
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Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemicals of Terminalia glaucescens stem extracts and test their antimicrobial potency against water microbial contaminants reported to be multidrug resistant. Method: Dry stem powder was extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform. These fractions were then examined for antimicrobial activity by using disc diffusion assay against typical clinical bacteria and fungal isolates which have been reported as water contaminants. The microbial strains were exposed to five different concentrations of extracts: 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. Result: It was observed in this study that increase in the concentration of extracts correlated with microbial growth inhibition. In-vitro phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, steroid and anthraquinones. Ethanolic extract performs better than ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, as it recorded the highest zone of inhibition of 20.5 mm against Streptococcus pneumoniae while ethyl acetate and chloroform recorded 17.50 mm each against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus, respectively. Ethanolic extract also showed the highest antifungal activity against Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus niger. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of active extracts were observed in the increasing order Ethanol>Chloroform≥ethyl acetate with respect to the maximum zone of inhibition. Activity of crude extract from ethanol, when further compared with commercial antibiotics (Gentamicin, Streptomycin and Nystatin), was significantly higher. Conclusion: This plant crude extracts could therefore serve as potential source of new biocides with application in water research and other biotechnological fields.
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Shrestha, Pritish, Manisha Bista, Prativa Sharma, et al. "Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Nepalese medicinal plants Swertia chirayita and Dendrobium amoenum." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (2015): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v3i1.14231.
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Research on medicinal plants are important to Nepal because most of its rural population relies on it as mode of medicine. Medicinal plants namely Swertia chirayita and Dendrobium amoenum were collected from mid hills of Nepal. The present study was undertaken to find the antimicrobial activity, phytochemical presence and their cytotoxicity in different extraction medium. The percentage yield from the plants were highest in warm methanol extraction with 12.6%, followed by ethyl acetate and lowest was for cold methanol. Plant extract showed the presence of antioxidants like alkaloid, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin, glycosides. The Brine Shrimp Bioassay of methanol and ethyl acetate extract showed cytotoxicity. Chiraito extract showed LC50 of 199 ppm for Dhunche sample, 128.82 ppm for Daman sample and 131.82 ppm of Illam sample. The antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Chiraito and Dendrobium amoenum showed significant bioactivity by inhibiting growth of microbial species selected for the test. The zone of inhibition shown by the extracts was comparable to the standard antibiotics. Similarly, methanol extract of Chiraito also showed significant antifungal activity with the zone of inhibition comparable to amphotericin.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 48-54
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Nadifah, Fitri, Siti Fatimah, and Lisa Susanti. "Pengaruh Infusa Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava Linn.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro." Journal of Health 2, no. 2 (2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/vol2-no2-p65-68.
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Background: Diarrhea is still a major health problem in Indonesia. This is due to the lack of knowledge about society hygiene and sanitation as well as there are still many people who haven't got health access. Guava (Psidium guajava) is a plant that has long been known by locals as traditional medicine. Some research has shown that extracts of the guava flesh is effective as an antidiarrheal. In addition, guava possessed efficacy as an anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial and analgesic.
 Objective: To determine the effect of various concentrations of guava infusion leaves inhibiting E. coli growth in vitro.
 Methods: Third, fourth and fifth leaf from the tip were used as the materials. Leaves infusion concentration used was 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Each concentration infusion loaded into wells of Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar media. Radical zone around the wells measured as bacterial growth inhibition. The data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVAs).
 Results: There is the influence of infusion of guava leaves (Psidium guajava) on the growth of E. coli in vitro with a mean diameter of the smallest concentration of radicals zone which is 20% of 15.3 mm and the greatest concentration of 100% by 22 mm.
 Conclusion: Infusion of guava leaves have a strong influence in inhibiting E. coli growth as it has antibacterial chemical components.
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Ibrahim, W., Muhlisin, Zuprizal, and R. Martien. "Effectiveness of biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles on microbial activity in vitro." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1482, no. 1 (2025): 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1482/1/012034.
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Abstract This study aims to determine the effectiveness of zinc nanoparticles on microbial activity in vitro. Zinc nanoparticles, nutrient agar media, Mannitol Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA), tetracycline, distilled water, and several bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Lactobacillus sp.) were used in this research. The research methods included zinc biosynthesis with neem leaf extract, culture preparation, media preparation, antimicrobial efficacy testing, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assessment. The treatments used were sterile distilled water (negative control P0), 50 ppm tetracycline (positive control P1), 1200 ppm of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (P2), 300 ppm of zinc nanoparticles (P3), 600 ppm of zinc nanoparticles (P4), and 1200 ppm of zinc nanoparticles (P5), with four replicates for each treatment. The data obtained were examined using one-way ANOVA, and any statistically significant differences between treatments were further tested with orthogonal contrasts. The software used for analysis was SPSS version 21. The observed parameters included the zone of inhibition, MIC, and optical density at 600 nm. The inhibition zone tests showed that concentrations of 300-1200 ppm effectively inhibited the Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative bacteria) without interfering with the growth of Lactobacillus sp (Gram-positive bacteria). The MIC and OD600 values were recorded at concentrations of 150-1200 ppm for gram-negative bacteria, with an optical density value of 0.07. It can be concluded that zinc nanoparticles have an antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 150 ppm.
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Hoyer, Katrina K., Susana Tejeda-Garibay, Lihong Zhao, Nicholas Hum, and Gabriela Loots. "Microbiome protection against Coccidioidesgrowth." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 241.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.241.18.
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Abstract During infection, the host utilizes multiple mechanisms to prevent colonization and dissemination. Protection begins at the surface, often via the commensal community found within our respiratory, skin, and intestinal tract. Microbiota disruption reduces the effectiveness of this protective barrier. Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley fever, is often misdiagnosed as community acquired bacterial pneumonia and treated with antibiotics that alter microbiota density and diversity. Commensal bacteria influence host immune responses to infection, and antibiotic treatment alters host immunity. A soil microbial antagonist related to Bacillus subtilis inhibits in vitro growth of Coccidioides through a clear zone of inhibition between fungi and bacteria. Whether host microbiota also inhibits Coccidioides is unknown. To assess if host microbiota has inhibition capabilities against Coccidioides, we performed two inhibition assays and measured Coccidioides growth area. A 50/50 inhibition assay was performed in which host microbiota and Coccidioides were placed in direct competition on agar plates. A spike in inhibition assay was performed where host microbiota was grown to 80% confluency, to mimic an established in vivo microbiome, before spiking in Coccidioides. Our data indicate that intestinal and respiratory host microbiome species inhibit Coccidioides growth. To assess if host microbiota depletion allows greater Coccidioides growth, in vitro antibiotic disc diffusion assays and in vivo treatments were performed. Our data suggests that host respiratory and intestinal commensals inhibit Coccidioides growth. Antibiotic treatment may kill protective host bacteria that creates a niche for Coccidioides invasion. Supported by grant VFR-19-633952 from University of California Office of the President.
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G., K. Mallaiah. "ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF CASSIA FISTULA LINN." Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy 8, no. 10 (2019): 92–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6979424.
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ABSTRACT This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal potential of seeds of Cassia fistula Linn. The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts on some bacterial and fungal strains. In the present study, the microbial activity of chloroform extracts of seeds of Cassia fistula Linn. (An ethno medicinal plant) were evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important bacterial and fungal strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined in the extracts using agar disc diffusion method.. Crude extracts of Cassia fistula exhibited moderate to strong activity against most of the bacteria tested. Zones of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of different standards like Ampicilline, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Chloramphenicol for antibacterial activity The extracts showed antibacterial activities comparable with that of standard against the organisms tested. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth against the tested organisms. The phytochemical analyses of the plants were carried out. The microbial activity of the Cassia fistula was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence these plants can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceutical research activities. Keywords: In vitro Antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, Cassia fistula, bacterial pathogens, secondary metabolites
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Habiba, MU, S. Ahmed, A. Ahmed, and MM Rahman. "Growth inhibition of Salmonella by Leuconostoc species isolated from buffalo milk curd." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 27, no. 1 (2024): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v27i1.70899.
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Traditional fermented products are considered to be a niche for microbial diversity. Probiotics offer a unique approach for addressing the threat of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to isolate Leuconostoc spp. from Buffalo milk curd, an artisanal fermented dairy product in Bangladesh and assess their growth inhibition competence against Salmonella sp. A total of 50 isolates were isolated and purified from five freshly prepared buffalo milk curd samples using two different media, with glucose or sucrose as the carbon source. Among these pure isolates, 37 were identified as presumptive Leuconostoc spp. The biochemical identification using the VITEK 2 system confirmed that 59.5% of the isolates were Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris, while 40.5% were Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides. Out of the identified isolates, twelve had a similarity of over 97%, and twenty-five had a similarity of less than 96%. Consequently, these twelve isolates were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Salmonella sp. using two in vitro methods, agar well diffusion and microbroth. The isolate M1L1 exhibited the highest inhibitory zone (15 mm) and showed 55.6% growth inhibition by the agar well diffusion and microbroth assay, respectively, suggesting a similar efficacy between the two methods. Notably, five other isolates also displayed inhibitory zones ranging from 13 to 15 mm and growth inhibition percentages of 37 to 52%. Overall, the isolated Leuconostoc spp. could be utilized as probiotics to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (1): 93-104
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Purba, Novandi, and Yanna Rotua. "WORKSHOP OF TESTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBACTERIAL EXTRACT OF SURUHAN (peperomia pellucida l. Kunth) LEAVES AGAINST staphylococcus epidermidis BACTERIA." JURNAL PENGMAS KESTRA (JPK) 2, no. 1 (2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jpk.v2i1.1120.
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Skin infections or dermatitis are included in the ten most common diseases in Indonesia, so the use of antibiotics is very high. The increasing use of antibiotics will cause an increase in the use of inappropriate antibiotics. The purpose of this research and community service was to find out the leaf extract of suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) with a variety of solvents providing anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and conveying information to the public about the leaf extract that can be used as an acne medication. The results showed that the inhibition of ethanol extract and aquadest leaves of suruhan against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria at a concentration of 25 mg/mL clear zone 6.0 mm ethanol extract and 5.4 mm aquadest extract (Potentially Weak), concentration 50 mg/mL diameter of the extract inhibition zone ethanol 8.46 mm and aquadest extract 6.53 mm (medium potential), concentration 75 mg/mL diameter of inhibition zone 12.96 mm ethanol extract and 8.53 mm aquadest extract (strong potential). From the research data obtained, it is socialized to the public regarding the antibacterial activity of the leaves of suruhan against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The purpose of Community Service (PKM) is to provide information to the public that suruhan leaves can be used as an antibacterial to inhibit bacterial growth even with various types of solvent concentrations used. The conclusion in this study is that there are many plants that can be used to inhibit the growth and development of acne-causing bacteria, one of which is the leaf plant among young people.
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Pam, B., M. H. Adamu, A. M. Kolo, and D. W. Malgwi. "Anti-microbial and Phytochemical Characterization of Leaves Extracts of Starburr (A. hispidum) collected from Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 29, no. 2 (2025): 673–81. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v29i2.40.
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Starburr (Acanthospermum hispidum) extract has been reportedly used in North and Western Nigeria and Nigeria at large to treat stomach ache, malaria and abdominal pain. In view of its usage, the objective of this paper was to characterize, carry out the anti-microbial activity and qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of leaves extracts of Starburr of A. hispidum collected from Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. Fine powdered sample of A hispidum leaves were extracted using n-Hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol sequentially in the increasing order of polarity using maceration extraction method. Percentage yield of the leaves of A hispidum. extracts were n-hexane (3.6 %) acetone (4.0 %) ethyl acetate (2.2 %) and methanol (4.10 %). Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides and terpenoids. Quantitative phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids (1.456) saponins (3.56) tannins (0.04852) terpenoids(0.05208) for methanol extract alkaloids(1.176) saponins(3.64) tannins(0.0372) terpenoids(0.0398) for ethyl acetate extract and alkaloids(0.328) saponins(3.20) tannins(0.02344) terpenoids(0.01948) for acetone extract. Antimicrobial activity analysis revealed inhibition growth of clinical pathogens which are E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumonaie, C. albicans as compared with standard of penicillin with inhibition zone of 18 mm and ketokonazol with inhibition zone of 24 mm . The methanol extract with zone of inhibition range of 10 mm to 18.5 mm of the leaves showed a promising potency against the test microbes.
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Astri, Annur Qalbi, Supriyana, and Fatmasari Diyah. "Potential Mouthworks of Celery Leaf Extractin Inhibiting the Growth of Streptococcus Mutants Bacteria (Laboratory Test)." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 3 (2023): 2030–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804058.
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Caries is caused by microbial activity of a fermented carbohydrate. The results of Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) state that the largest proportion of dental problems in Indonesia are damaged/cavities/sick teeth (45.3%). Preventive efforts gargling mouthwash contains antibacterial, long-term use has side effects, so we need herbal ingredients that have antibacterial properties, one of which is celery leaves. This study aims to prove the potential of celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L.) as a mouthwash ingredient in inhibiting the growth of caries-causing bacteria and being able to reduce the number of bacterial colonies compared to formulary controls without active ingredients. This type of research used laboratory and field experiments with pretest-posttest consisting of the intervention group of celery leaf extract mouthwash formulation concentrations of 30%, 15% and control formulary without active ingredients, the sample consisted of 39 people, the sample was rinsed for 1 minute. Saliva collection before and after gargling. The variables studied the inhibition of bacteria. The results of the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans bacteria carried out by the ANOVA test at a concentration of 15% showed a mean of 5 mm and a concentration of 30% with a mean of 6.2 mm with a pvalue of 0.000 which means that there was a significant difference in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria, while the control had a mean of 0. 0 mm which means there is no resistance formed. The conclusion of this study is that giving celery leaf extract mouthwash Calculate the inhibition zone with a concentration of 15%, 30% being able to inhibit bacteria while the control has no inhibition on Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
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Venkatasubramanian H, Sarojkumar Sha, Hemalatha S, and Easwaramoorthy D. "Synthesis, characterization of new nicotinamide-oxazole analogs, and their antimicrobial activity." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 2707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2292.
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Identification of a novel antimicrobial molecule is vital to research due to contaminated agro related products and injurious pathogens. Especially candida albicans is most common infective fungi in the present world, that cause hospital-acquired infections. There is a medical and biological need for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs with high potent in nature. This effort involved the synthesis of scaffold molecule, in which Vitamin B3 and oxazole plays vital role as pharmacophore moiety, where 2-(Nicotinamido) oxazole-4-Carboxylic acid coupled from pyridine–3-carboxylic acid (Nicotinic acid) and 2-aminooxazole derivative. Then it is characterized by mass spectra, 1H NMR spectroscopy and carried for the growth control ability study against microbial targets such as fungal, and bacterial targets. The Zone of inhibition measured in millimeter for the serially diluted solution of the compound. From the outcomes, the compound (5i) displayed 35mm of inhibition zone area but standard fluconazole showed 29mm for 250 ppm solution. The outcome revealed that the amide bond and oxazole moiety turns as imperative pharmacophore besides showing decent inhibition activities.
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Lawton II, James K., and Renu B. Kumar. "Characterization of water-types and their influence on the antimicrobial proper-ties of Kombucha ferments against bacteria and yeast." Fine Focus 2, no. 1 (2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.2.1.39-49.
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Understanding the relationships between diet, gut microflora, and health is an increasingly important area of research. Recent studies have demonstrated that Kombucha tea provides variable antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. In this study, we tested Kombucha tea for antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast, using an agar diffusion method. Standard zone of inhibition assays were used to test the hypothesis that variance in antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans may be due to the varying levels of cations, like Ca2+, found in different water-types (well water, artesian water, city water, type-II water and distilled water). Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) results indicated that high cationic (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+) content water (well water) resulted in the largest zone of inhibition against S. aureus, with a 12.3% difference when compared to low cationic content water (type-II water). E. coli maintained a constant zone of inhibition regardless of water-type or batch-type, while C. albicans showed no zones of inhibition. Inhibition is either through a synergistic relationship with the pH conditions, the other cations present (Mg2+, Na+, Si, etc.) or a mix of both, as pH in the range of 4.5 - 3 is not enough to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. These results indicate that a direct relationship exists between cationic concentrations of water used to prepare Kombucha, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, due to the improved fermentation of the tea with high concentrations of cations. Strong antimicrobial potential exists, particularly against S. aureus, which may be useful in determining novel approaches to synthesize antimicrobial drugs. Further study is needed to assess other S. aureus strains, as well as to determine how this relationship translates to human microbiota interactions and their microbial metabolic profiles.
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P, Kathireswari. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EARTHWORMS’ COELOMIC FLUID." Kongunadu Research Journal 2, no. 2 (2015): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj111.
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This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potentials of earthworm coelomic fluid. The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of coelomic fluid of some bacterial and strains. In the present study, the microbial activity wasevaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important bacterial strains. The antimicrobial activity of coelomic fluid was determined using agar disc diffusion method. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth was shown against the tested organisms. Hence, these coelomicfluids can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities
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Scriver, Charles R. "A Simple Phenylalanine Method for Detecting Phenylketonuria in Large Populations of Newborn Infants, by Robert Guthrie and Ada Susi, Pediatrics, 1963;32:318–343." Pediatrics 102, Supplement_1 (1998): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.s1.236.
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The article describes a “microbial inhibition assay” for rapid and economical measurement of phenylalanine levels in whole blood. Capillary blood, from a heel prick, is collected from the newborn infant onto Schleicher and Schuell no. 903 filter paper; a disk of the sample is then transferred to an Agar plate containing a heavy inoculum of Bacillus subtilisATCC 6051; an inhibitor of bacterial growth (β-2-thienylalanine) is counteracted by any significant excess of phenylalanine in the blood sample; and semiquantitative positive tests (hyperphenylalaninemia) are recorded by size of the bacterial growth zone in the Agar around the filter paper disc. The method permits mass screening for hyperphenylalaninemia.
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Rohmah, Fitriani Nurhidayati, Muhamad Thamrin Alamsyah, Siti Nurjana, Feldha Fadhila, Nindya Sekar Mayuri, and Alfi Rumidatul. "Effectiveness of Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis) Liquid Smoke as an Antiseptic." 3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management 6, no. 1 (2024): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2024.6.1.1.
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Microbes are often the cause of infectious diseases; one method of prevention is to use antiseptics. Excessive use of antisep- tics can cause mild to severe side effects, so an alternative antiseptic is needed. Liquid smoke is an alternative raw material to produce antiseptics because its main component can be used as an inhibitor of microbial growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of tea-leaf liquid smoke as an antiseptic against microbial growth in vivo and in vitro. The method for producing liquid smoke via pyrolysis involves distilling grade 3 liquid smoke to generate grade 1 and grade 2 liquid smoke. The in vitro test uses a microbial growth inhibition test with grade 1 and 2 liquid smoke concentrations of 35%, 50%, and 75%. The microbes used were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643. The in vivo test uses the swab test method on the palm of the hand. The results of the invitro test showed that the largest inhibition zone of tea leaf liquid smoke was obtained using grade 2 liquid smoke with a concentration of 75%.The results of the in vivo test showed that the effectiveness of tea leaf liquid smoke was 80% against bacteria and 85% against fungi. Based onthe results of the study, it can be concluded that tea leaf liquid smoke (Camellia sinensis) has potential as an antiseptic.
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Kalburgi, Nagaraj B., Arati C. Koregol, Ruchita S. Patil, and Tejashwini Puttarevanna. "ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFICACY OF AN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AGAINST PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS LIKE PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS AND AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS: IN VITRO ANALYSIS." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 3 (2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.120371.
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Periodontitis is primarily an infectious disease with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans present in plaque biofilm as the key pathogens, causing destruction of supporting periodontal tissues. Herbal formulations are widely substituting synthetic anti-microbials due to their minimal adverse effects and cost effectiveness. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) is a well-known anti-microbial agent used in treating systemic infections. Hence its anti-microbial efficacy against key periodontal pathogens also needs to be tested. The aim of this study is to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition of M. koenigii ethanolic extract against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Thioglycollate agar was used for culturing both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. For determination of MIC and MBC broth dilution technique was used. For MIC, serial dilutions of extract were made and culture tubes were incubated in an anaerobic jar and observed for their turbidity. For MBC determination, dilution tubes sensitive to MIC were plated and incubated for the next 24 hours to monitor growth, and colony count was taken. MIC results showed A. actinomycetemcomitans was more sensitive to M. koenigii extract than P. gingivalis and got inhibited at 0.8 μg/ml. Also, MBC results showed extract has strong bactericidal activity towards A. actinomycetemcomitans. Disk diffusion test results showed bactericidal activity against both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis with a larger inhibition zone (15 mm) towards P. gingivalis at a concentration of 75 μl/ml. M. koenigii ethanolic extract is bactericidal against periodontal pathogens like A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis and can be used as a safe and effective alternative for synthetic chemotherapeutic agents in the future.
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Sahar Javed, Sabi Rehman, Muzamil Zaman Khan, Anwar Khalid, Rida Qaseem, and Muhammad Humayun. "Evaluation of in vitro pharmacological activities of Diospyros malabarica kostel fruit." Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020412.
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Objective: To explore the in vitro pharmacological activities of fruit of Diospyros malabarica. Method: 70% ethanolic extracts of Diospyros malabarica was screened against ten pathogenic bacteria, five strains of gram +ve, five strains of gram –ve bacteria and fungi by using disc diffusion method. Moreover, to study the toxicity of this fruit, we conducted a saltwater shrimp lethality bioassay based on the ability to kill laboratory cultured brine shrimps (Artemiasalina). Results: Fruits extracts were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens with the zone of inhibition ranges between 13mm to 19mm. Fruit Extracts was also tested for its antifungal activity against fungal strains exhibiting zone of inhibition ranges from 14 mm to 19 mm. The fruit extract of Diospyros malabarica shows significant lethality towards brine shrimps at LD50 value of 93.55 ppm. Conclusion: Plant extracts is potentially effective in suppressing microbial and fungal growth. As fruit extracts has significant LD50 value thus it can be further used for cancer cell line studies.
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Baakdah, Fadi, Abrar Ashi, Sarah Almaghrabi, et al. "Healing processes of burn wounds with honey and vaseline as ointment forms: An in-vivo study in Wistar rats." Materials Express 13, no. 12 (2023): 2042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2023.2569.
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Burn wounds need enhanced healing by using some workable agent for better treatments. The current work aimed to make a comparison between four types of honey and vaseline in ointment forms in-vivo using experimental rats. Several parameters have been evaluated such as wound epithelialization and vascular endothelial growth factor expression (VEGF) rates for skins. Some biochemical parameters such as nitrites (NO2) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) were detected for serum. TNF-α immune response and hydroxyproline contents were also determined colorimetrically. Microbial infection of the burns was examined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains. The wound epithelialization rate among animal groups after 15 days of treatment ranged from 52.13% to 89.58%. The highest VEGF expression rate was achieved by using the ointment formed by side honey (SIH) at 9.21% followed by pumpkin honey (PUH) at 8.54%, moringa honey (MOH) at 8.11%, and nigellasativa honey (NSH) as 7.02%, while vaseline group reported 5.22% VEGF expression. The ointment formed by the NSH rat group detected the highest NO2 at the end of the experimental work to reach (0.07 μmol/L) followed by SIH (0.06 μmol/L), while MOH and PUH groups reported equal values (0.05 μmol/L). The FRAP values varied in rat groups from 735.19 μmol TE/g (SIH) to 877.89 μmol TE/g (NSH). NSH reported the highest value for TNF-α immune response at 589.47 U/mL followed by SIH at 560.89 U/mL, while MOH reported the lowest value at 489.58 U/mL. For the microbial infections, the MOH group had the lowest zone of inhibition 5.18 mm, while the vaseline group reported the highest 19.88 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was observed that the highest zone of inhibition (19.22 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus was for the vaseline group, while the lowest zone of inhibition (5.33 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus was for SIH. All honey varieties, especially MOH had better results for NO2, TNF-α immune response, and successfully inhibited microbial infections in-vivo.
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Singh, Neena, and Jaya Maitra. "Exploring the Antibacterial Activity of Jute and Coir Fiber added Chitosan-Starch blended Films." Der Pharma Chemica 14, no. 7 (2022): 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10804544.
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This work aims at antibacterial testing of calcium chloride cross-linked starch and chitosan (50:50) biodegradable blended films. The blended films are incorporated with 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of two different natural fibers, Jute and coir. The prepared blended films are subjected to test the antibacterial property against Escherichia coli. No bacterial growth on the surface of jute and coir fiber added blended films are found. Besides, one attention-grabbing thin line (hair like) of zone of inhibition is observed around 1% jute fiber added blended film. Furthermore, to boost the antibacterial effect of jute and coir blended films, 2 gm of dry Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder is added to each 50 gm of the starch-chitosan blend containing 1% jute fiber and 1% coir fiber. The antibacterial property of blended films is observed after 24 hours. Zone of inhibition for neem leaf powder added 1% jute fiber blended film get extended to 18 to 20 mm while microbial growth is not observed on the surface of Azadirachta indica leaf powder added 1% coir fiber blended film. All the results are observed under microscope Nikon Eclipse Ti 60 X.
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Singh, Neena, and Jaya Maitra. "Exploring the Antibacterial Activity of Jute and Coir Fiber added Chitosan-Starch blended Films." Der Pharma Chemica 14, no. 7 (2022): 8. https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-413X.14.7.21-28.
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This work aims at antibacterial testing of calcium chloride cross-linked starch and chitosan (50:50) biodegradable blended films. The blended films are incorporated with 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of two different natural fibers, Jute and coir. The prepared blended films are subjected to test the antibacterial property against Escherichia coli. No bacterial growth on the surface of jute and coir fiber added blended films are found. Besides, one attention-grabbing thin line (hair like) of zone of inhibition is observed around 1% jute fiber added blended film. Furthermore, to boost the antibacterial effect of jute and coir blended films, 2 gm of dry Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder is added to each 50 gm of the starch-chitosan blend containing 1% jute fiber and 1% coir fiber. The antibacterial property of blended films is observed after 24 hours. Zone of inhibition for neem leaf powder added 1% jute fiber blended film get extended to 18 to 20 mm while microbial growth is not observed on the surface of Azadirachta indica leaf powder added 1% coir fiber blended film. All the results are observed under microscope Nikon Eclipse Ti 60 X
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Bansal, Rajinder, Manu Bansal, Nikhil Dev Wazir, Mandeep Singh Matta, Sanjeev Jain, and Jaspreet Kaur. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Different Herbal Products against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis Using Agar Diffusion Test: An In Vitro Study." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 8, no. 03 (2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715288.
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Abstract Introduction The main aim of this study is in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of different herbal products, that is, propolis, garlic, neem, aloe vera, and rosemary, against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion test. Materials and Methods In this study, total of 42 plates were prepared, 10 each of B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. faecalis and 12 as test control (6 as positive and 6 as negative control). The effectiveness of five herbal products was ascertained by agar diffusion method against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. Cultures of these test organisms were maintained on selective media slants in a test tube to collect sufficient number of microbial colonies for evaluation. The cultures were divided into three groups based upon microbes that were lawn cultured, respectively: In group A, 10 petri plates were having growth of B. subtilis; in group B, 10 petri plates were having growth of S. aureus; and in group C, 10 petri plates were having growth of E. faecalis. In all these 30 petri plates, five different herbal product discs were placed and these discs were designated as A (aloe vera), P (propolis), N (neem), R (rosemary), and G (garlic). Among remaining 12 petri plates, 4 petri plates were used as control (2 for positive and 2 for negative) for each of the bacteria. Results Propolis and rosemary showed maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis. Garlic, neem, and aloe vera showed maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus. Conclusion All the herbal products showed zone of inhibition against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. faecalis.
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Mahmood, M. Shahid. "MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. (bitter gourd) AS A CANDIDATE FOR THE CONTROL OF BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL GROWTH." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 56, no. 04 (2019): 1031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/19.7684.
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The plants use for medicinal purposes have been experienced by an extensive proportion of population of population for many centuries. The present study was designed to formulate cost effective dietary interventions to prevent and treat certain microbial diseases. The current experiment was conducted for evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial effects of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), which is locally named as Karella. All parts of bitter gourd were used including seeds, pulp and skin. Its methanolic extracts were taken to check its antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by paper disc diffusion test. Antifungal efficacy against selected species of Penicillium and Aspergillus was done by Agar Well-Diffusion Method. Broth Dilution method and Agar Well-Diffusion Method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Zones of inhibition diameters were 11mm, 7mm, 11mm and 9mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. There was no zone of inhibition against MRSA. The zones of inhibition for bitter gourd seed were 12mm, 8mm, 12mm and 11mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, respectively. The MIC of bitter gourd pulp against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum was 400mg/ml and 600mg/ml, respectively. The MIC of bitter gourd seed against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum was 300mg/ml and 400mg/ml, respectively. Taking together, bitter ground was found a cost effective antibacterial and antifungal agent, it may be used an effective alternate remedial option
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Ojewumi, M. E., O. R. Obanla, S. O. Taiwo, and A. N. John. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF Moringa oleifera SEED CRUDE OIL EXTRACT." Rasayan Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 01 (2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1516543.
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The present inherent ability of an organism to human pathogenic infections compelled the need to explore new substances with antimicrobial properties from plant-based materials. Moringa oleifera seed extract was evaluated for antimicrobial effects against the selected bacteria strains - Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and selected fungi - Rhizopus stolonifera and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition test revealed samples inhibited microbial growth to various extents with greater sensitivity against fungal as viewed in the bacterial strains. Phytochemical screening of analyzed samples revealed the presence of some metabolites (secondary) such as Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, Anthocyanin and betacyanin, Quinones, tannins, Terpenoids and Acids. Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis identified about 33 chemical components.