Academic literature on the topic 'Zone sterling'

A study evaluating the effects of varying levels of chilling on foliar budbreak of linden (Tilia spp.) culivars was initiated in 1999 in Auburn, Ala. [lat. 32°36'N, long. 85°29'W, elevation 709 ft (216m), USDA Hardiness Zone 8a]. Littleleaf linden (T. cordata) `Greenspire' and `Fairview' required the most chilling to produce measurable budbreak and exhibited the lowest budbreak percentages. Silver linden (T. tomentosa) `Sterling' and american linden (T. americana) `Redmond' needed the fewest hours of chilling to produce budbreak and exhibited the highest budbreak percentages. `Sterling' was the top performer in foliar budbreak percentage and in subsequent growth. Although `Redmond' attained high budbreak numbers, its overall growth during the following growing season was inferior to that of `Sterling', `Greenspire' and `Fairview'. This information can contribute to the development of regional planting recommendations, which can aid in the selection of lindens suitable for the area in which they will be grown. Calculated r2 values indicated the models used provided a good fit to the data for all cultivars.

The implementation of closed zones as fishery management tools have been shown to be successful in the augmentation of habitat restricted species. A concerted restoration effort is currently being focused on the European native oyster throughout its natural range. This has been accompanied by an increase in oyster prices. In 2018 a native oyster for restoration purposes cost 80 pence sterling by 2021 the price had increased to £3.50. It is likely that these price increases have led to harvesting pressure on established wild populations. A number of recovering Ostrea edulis assemblages in Strangford Lough Northern Ireland are located within a closed zone which has been in operation since 2008. This research investigated the effectiveness of this restricted area in regards to protecting O. edulis assemblages. The study revealed that within policed regions of the restricted area the population increased from an estimated 1000 oysters in 2004 to >88,000 in 2021. Furthermore, the age structure and population dynamics differed considerably from non-policed areas which still experienced harvesting. The research supports the use of closed zone legislation as a conservation tool with developing O. edulis populations. As newly restored populations become established, rising market prices will place these under increased harvesting pressure. The use of closed zones may offer a means of protecting these emergent populations.

This paper considers which currency option would be best for an independent Scotland. We examine three currency options: being part of a sterling currency zone, adopting the euro, or having an independent currency. No currency option is the best when considered against all criteria. Therefore, making the decision requires deciding which criteria are most important. Recent events around the world, particularly in Europe, show that it is essential to consider how an independent Scotland would seek to adjust to adverse economic circumstances. In economists' terms, it is important to think through the ‘off-equilibrium’ adjustment paths of each of the currency options. The amount of public debt, and so the capacity for a fiscal response, is a critical determinant of these paths and therefore of the optimal currency choice. Since commitment to a currency union by an independent country can only be conditional, an independent Scotland might find it optimal to abandon the currency union in the future if the financial stability advantages to having its own currency begin to outweigh any disadvantages due to trade and transactions costs.

The New Jersey Highlands and contiguous Hudson (New York) Highlands host hundreds of small, worked-out magnetite mines, and the major zinc-oxide deposits of Franklin and Sterling Hill. The origin of the magnetite ore remains controversial. Two temporally distinct genetic models have been proposed for magnetite: (1) a pre-Ottawan, sedimentary exhalative model in which ores were deposited on the seafloor as precipitates from iron-enriched hydrothermal fluids; (2) a late-Ottawan, fluid alteration model in which the current mineral composition of ores was derived from Fe-rich, alkaline fluids, associated with late episodes of granitic plutonism (low-Ti Kiruna-type deposits), or in which deposits derived from metamorphogenic fluids circulating in a regional shear zone leached metals from host rocks and precipitated them in veins and faults. Detailed mapping of ore deposits and host rocks near Wanaque and Ringwood, New Jersey, and Warwick, New York, reveal that ore bodies are hosted by supracrustal rocks deposited in a back-arc basin. At Wanaque and Warwick, ores are strataform and stratabound. Discordant ore bodies at Ringwood are associated with a feeder zone, presumed to have intersected the paleosurface at a steep angle. Sharply layered quartz–diopside gneiss is spatially associated with ore at Wanaque and Warwick, and massive diopsidite is spatially associated with ore at all three locations. Diopsidite in these rocks is nonaluminous, iron enriched, and shares these characteristics with modern metalliferous sediments. Massive diopsidite and quartz–diopside gneiss are interpreted to be metamorphosed carbonate facies iron formation, and associated magnetite to be metamorphosed oxide-facies iron formation.

Mimowolnymi rezerwatami Bruce Sterling nazwał takie miejsca, które zostały „odzyskane” przez przyrodę na skutek katastrofy, skażenia czy wojny. Tego typu rezerwatem jest Czarnobylska Strefa Wykluczenia, od ponad 30 lat niemal zupełnie niezamieszkiwana przez ludzi. Po jej białoruskiej stronie utworzono nawet Państwowy Poleski Rezerwat Radiacyjno-Ekologiczny. Opuszczone miejscowości pochłania przyroda, a w strefie znajdują swój azyl zagrożone gatunki zwierząt. Jednocześnie zona nadal pozostaje napromieniowana, jej krajobraz wypełniają znaczki radioaktywności, cmentarzyska pojazdów i kopce-mogilniki, w których zakopywano skażone domy, przedmioty, drzewa. W artykule została przedstawiona reprezentacja czarnobylskiego ekosystemu obecna w literaturze niefikcjonalnej ( m.in. teksty Swietłany Aleksijewicz, Mary Mycio, Kate Brown, Igora Kostina ) oraz problematyzacja statusu tego środowiska, nazwanego przez Adama Higginbothama „skażonym edenem”.

Reduced fertility in aged mares is associated with delayed early embryo development and lower pregnancy rates, potentially related to oocyte developmental competence. Human oocyte morphology has been associated with developmental potential, although comparative evidence is lacking in the mare. Exogenous FSH may be beneficial in obtaining more oocytes; however, effects on oocyte morphology and competence are unknown. Objectives were to determine if zona pellucida thickness (ZPT), ooplasm volume (OV), and perivitelline space volume (PVSV) were related to mare age or FSH treatment and to cleavage, blastocyst, and pregnancy rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Cycles with and without eFSH treatment were alternated; eFSH treatments began in diestrus with a cohort of follicles ≥20 mm. Oocytes were collected by transvaginal aspiration from follicles >30 mm from young (4 to 9 years) and old (>20 years) mares at 20 to 24 h after administration of recombinant eLH. Oocytes were cultured for 18 h in TCM-199 at 38.5�C in 6% CO2 in air. Sperm were injected 40 � 1 h after eLH, using frozen sperm from a single ejaculate. Presumptive zygotes were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 + 10% fetal calf serum at 38.5�C in 5% CO2, 5%O2, and 90% N2. Cleavage (≥2 cells) was recorded 48 h after ICSI. Blastocysts considered viable (formation before 9 d and good quality) were transferred nonsurgically into recipients 3 to 7 days after ovulation. Only pregnancies of fetuses with heart beats were included. Morphological parameters of oocytes (old, n = 40; young, n = 37) were obtained from photographic images taken at ICSI and analyzed by computer-assisted measurement using digital calipers (Spot Software, Diagnostic Instruments, Inc., Sterling Heights, MI, USA). Zona pellucida thickness was averaged from 2 measurements 90� to 180� apart. Ooplasm volume was calculated (4/3πr3) from the average of 2 diameters of the ooplasm 90� apart; and PVSV was calculated as the difference of the vitelline membrane volume and that of the volume at the inner volume of the ZP calculated as an oblate spheroid (4/3πa2b) from the average of 2 diameters. Zona pellucida thickness, OV, and PVSV were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA for main effects of age and treatment and 3-way ANOVA by adding cleavage as a factor. Zona pellucida thickness was less (P = 0.007) for old compared with young (least squares mean SEM of 11.4 � 0.2 and 12.3 � 0.2 µm, respectively) with no effect on cleavage, blastocyst, or pregnancy rates. Ooplasm volume was not different (P = 0.14) between old and young (309 036 � 5373 and 320 544 � 5639 µm3, respectively) and did not affect cleavage, blastocyst, or pregnancy rates. The PVSV was greater (P = 0.001) in old compared with young (157 505 � 10 853 and 102 161 � 11 388 µm3, respectively) and may be related to the lower cleavage (P = 0.03), blastocyst (P = 0.02), and pregnancy (P = 0.05) rates. Treatment with FSH had no effect (P > 0.1) on morphology or embryo development. In this study, ZPT and PVSV differed with mare age and could be of predictive value for oocyte developmental competence.

AbstractThe precise relationship of The Three Maries at the Tomb (Fig. 1) in the Boymansvan Beuningen Museum in Rotterdam to the work of Hubert and/or Jan van Eyck has proved difficult to establish, mainly because relatively little is known about their output apart from Jan van Eyck's signed paintings of 1432-41. The provenance of the Rotterdam picture has been traced back to the mid 18th century (Note 2), while the coat of arms, a later addition at bottom right, has been identified as that of Philippe de Commines, who has thus been posited as the earliest known owner (Note 3). Since the beginning of this century the panel has generally been ascribed to Hubert van Eyck on the basis of a comparison with his contribution to the Ghent Altarpiece, but doubts have also been expressed about the attribution to the Van Eycks (Note 5), while later dates have been suggested on the grounds of the view of Jerusalem (Note 6, 7) or the arms and armour (Notes 8, 9) . However, Panofsky remained convinced of the early date and kept to the attribution to Hubert, while suggesting that Jan had worked over certain details (Note 10). The restoration of 1947 (Note 11) revealed some gilded rays on the right side, which gave rise to suggestions that the panel had once formed part of a friezelike composition or a triptych (Notes 12-14). Recent opinion still remains divided, Sterling seeing the panel as having been painted by Jan van Eyck after 1426 (Note 15), Dhanens as the work of a follower around 1450-60 (Note 16). Scientific examination appeared to be the only way of obtaining new data, while the recently published results of a similar examination of the Ghent Altarpiece (Note 17) offered an additional incentive. An earlier scientific examination was carried out by Coremans in 1948 (Note rg), while the work had previously been examined by infrared reflectography by the authors in 1971 (JV ote zo) . Tfie 1)(inel on which the picture is painted consists rf three horizontal planks with dowelled joints (Note 21). The four corners are bevelled off at the back, which suggests that any later reduction in the panel can only have been slight. On the back is a sealed statement by D. G. van Beuningen to the effect that the painting had not suffered from being stored underground during the war (Fig. 2, Appendix 2) . The paint surface is in a reasonably good state, but exhibits heavy craquelure, which has played a part in the aesthetic assessment of the picture (Note 23) . Dendrochronological examination (Appendix I) showed that the two oaks from which the planks came were probably not felled before 1423. Since recent research has shown that the gap between felling and usage was not likely to have been much more than fifteen years in the 15th century (Note 25) and there is nothing to support the hypothesis that an old panel was reused here (Note 26), it is highly improbable that the picture was painted at the end of the 15th century. The most likely date is C. 1425-35 i.e. the period when the Ghent Altarpiece was painted or slightly later. No other results of dendrochronological examination on Van Eyck panels are available for comparison as yel. Examination by infrared reflectography (Note 28) revealed detailed underdrawing in virtually all parts of the picture and this was very carefully followed during painting with changes only in small details (cf. Figs.3, 5, 7). Stylistically the underdrawing accords with what is known about underdrawing in Van Eyck paintings today, this exhibiting a considerable difference from that of other Flemish Primitives, so that the Rotterdam panel is certainly a Van Eyck work. Among the most striking similarities to the central panel (x) and that with the Knights of Christ (IX) in the Ghent Altarpiece (Note 30) are the underdrawing of the drapery of the angels (Figs. 7-9), the city in the distance (Figs. 3,4, Note 31) and the minutely detailed armour (Figs. 14, 15, Note 33). Types of hatching that appear to be characteristic of the Van Eyck style are that of the shadows, which is sometimes overlapping and generally parallel to the main contours (Figs. 5,8) and a more rarely used type with short lines at an angle to contours (Fig. 9). The x-radiographs (Note 35) give a good idea of the damage to the paint surface (Figs. 16, 17) , which isfound mainly in the sky, along the crack in the top plank and on the bottom edge on the left. There is also a great deal of abrasion on the edges of the craquelure. The x-radiographs confirm the fact that no radical changes were made in the original, generally underdrawn, composition and reveal that the soldiers and their arms were left in reserve during the painting of the rocks and ground, a detail which likewise indicates continuity during the painting process. The underpainting of the rocks in large light blocks with simple contours shown up by x-ray photography is very close to that in panel IX in the Ghent Altarpiece (Note 38). Examination by stereomicroscope (Note 40) generally already gave an impression of the layered structure of the paint. It also showed up some minute details scarcely distinguishable by the naked eye : two horsemen and somefigures in tlae square on tlte leji qlthe city, a .slalue in a niche in the doorway in the zvall in tlae certtre (Fig. 18; possibly a reminiscence of the Golden Gate, Note 56) and a number of ship's masts with crow's nests on the horizon on the right (Fig. 19). Part of the vegetation was shown to be very finely and precisely rendered (Figs. 20, 21), while the rest was not so fine. Similar differences appear in the two bronze-coloured ointment jars in this painting and also in the bottom zone of the Ghent Altarpiece (Note 41). These may reveal two different hands or the somewhat hasty finishing of some areas. The paint samples (Note 42) revealed the presence of an oleaginous isolating layer over the chalk and glue ground comparable to, but thinner than that on the Ghent Altarpiece (Note 45). The only other Flemish Primitive in whose work such a layer is found is Dirc Bouts (Note 50). The paint layer also exhibits many similarities to that of the Ghent Altarpiece, not only in the number and thickness of the layers, but in the composition and overall structure of the paint. For example, the skies in both works are built up in three layers from light to dark on the basis of lead white with increasing amounts of azurite and sometimes a bit of lapis lazuli, the vegetation consists of two layers of green with a glaze over them and the structure of the red mantle of one of the Maries resembles similar areas in the Ghent Altarpiece. This technique again makes it very unlikely that the panel was painted at the end of the 15th century or later. A final point is that the gilded rays ( Fig. 22), like the coat of arms (Fig. 23), prove to be a later addition. Finally, renewed consideration was given to certain iconographical aspects which have been used as dating criteria. The arms and armour have been seen as grounds for a later dating by Squilbeck in particular, but it seems quite likely that many of the forms are purely imaginary, while other experts do not agree with Squilbeck in dating certain elements to the 16th century (Note 53). The arms and armour are in any case an integral part of the painting. The detailed view of Jerusalem is regarded by some as impossible before Erhard Reuwich's print of 1486, while others express surprise that it was not copied by other artists. In fact, however, it is strikingly close in many details to the view in the Ghent Altarpiece, although the latter is firmer in its spatial construction and more convincing. Whole sentences have been read into the texts on the hems of two of the Maries' garments and the soldier's cap (Note 57 ) and it has been argued that the letters are Roman, not Hebrew (Note 58), but in fact they are indispulably Hebrew and although words can sometimes be recognized, they do no form a sentence or text (Note 59). The coat of arms is certainly that of a nobleman of the Order of St. Michael, but whether he was Philippe de Commines is uncertain. The Van den Woesteyne and Van Meaux van Vorsselaer families also bore these arms, albeit in different tinctures (Note 6o). Since the arms are done, in a brownish-grey, they cannot be more precisely identified. The presence of no less than five layers of varnish between the green meadow and the coat of arms could indicate that the arms were added much later than previously thought, possibly in the 16th or even the 17th century (Note 47). While the present study has shown that the Rotterdam painting is quite an early Van Eyck, its precise position in the Van Eyck oeuvre cannot be determined until results of examinations of other works in the group are available.

Abstract. Analysis of the 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake near San José California showed that magnetic pulsations were present in large numbers and with significant amplitudes during the 2 week period leading up the event. These pulsations were 1–30 s in duration, had unusual polarities (many with only positive or only negative polarities versus both polarities), and were different than other pulsations observed over 2 years of data in that the pulse sequence was sustained over a 2 week period prior to the quake, and then disappeared shortly after the quake. A search for the underlying physics process that might explain these pulses was was undertaken, and one theory (Freund, 2002) demonstrated that charge carriers were released when various types of rocks were stressed in a laboratory environment. It was also significant that the observed charge carrier generation was transient, and resulted in pulsating current patterns. In an attempt to determine if this phenomenon occurred outside of the laboratory environment, the authors scaled up the physics experiment from a relatively small rock sample in a dry laboratory setting, to a large 7 metric tonne boulder comprised of Yosemite granite. This boulder was located in a natural, humid (above ground) setting at Bass Lake, Ca. The boulder was instrumented with two Zonge Engineering, Model ANT4 induction type magnetometers, two Trifield Air Ion Counters, a surface charge detector, a geophone, a Bruker Model EM27 Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer with Sterling cycle cooler, and various temperature sensors. The boulder was stressed over about 8 h using expanding concrete (Bustartm), until it fractured into three major pieces. The recorded data showed surface charge build up, magnetic pulsations, impulsive air conductivity changes, and acoustical cues starting about 5 h before the boulder actually broke. These magnetic and air conductivity pulse signatures resembled both the laboratory rock stressing results and the 30 October 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake field data. The second part of this paper examined other California earthquakes, prior to the Alum Rock earthquake, to see if magnetic pulsations were also present prior to those events. A search for field examples of medium earthquakes was performed to identify earthquakes where functioning magnetometers were present within 20 km, the expected detection range of the magnetometers. Two earthquakes identified in the search included the 12 August 1998 M5.1 San Juan Bautista (Hollister Ca.) earthquake and the 28 September 2004 M6.0 Parkfield Ca. earthquake. Both of these data sets were recorded using EMI Corp. Model BF4 induction magnetometers, installed in equipment owned and operated by UC Berkeley. Unfortunately, no air conductivity or IR data were available for these earthquake examples. This new analysis of old data used the raw time series data (40 samples per s), and examined the data for short duration pulsations that exceeded the normal background noise levels at each site, similar to the technique used at Alum Rock. Analysis of Hollister magnetometer, positioned 2 km from the epicenter, showed a significant increase in magnetic pulsations above quiescient threshold levels several weeks prior, and especially 2 days prior to the quake. The pattern of positive and negative pulsations observed at Hollister, were similar, but not identical to Alum Rock in that the pattern of pulsations were interspersed with Pc 1 pulsation trains, and did not start 2 weeks prior to the quake, but rather 2 days prior. The Parkfield data (magnetometer positioned 19 km from the epicenter) showed much smaller pre-earthquake pulsations, but the area had significantly higher conductivity (which attenuates the signals). More interesting was the fact that significant pulsations occurred between the aftershock sequences of quakes as the crustal stress patterns were migrating. Comparing laboratory, field experiments with a boulder, and earthquake events, striking similarities were noted in magnetic pulsations and air conductivity changes, as well as IR signals (where instrumented). More earthquake samples, taken with the appropriate detectors and within 10–15 km proximity to large (>M5) earthquakes, are still needed to provide more evidence to understand the variability between earthquakes and various electromagnetic signals detected prior to large earthquakes.

In January 2011, during the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, Jason Sterling, a hedge fund manager, was conducting online research to see if he could trade on any newsworthy information emerging from the summit. Sterling's fund traded primarily in sovereign debt, and he needed to figure out if European leaders would be able to come up with a viable solution to the crisis or whether the debt crisis would lead to the default of several European nations. He knew that if a solution was not found in the coming weeks, the sovereign debt markets could be thrown into turmoil.

In chapter 3 of Bruce Sterling’s second novel, The Artificial Kid (1980), the Kid himself attends the carnival of Harlequinade, set in his world’s Decriminalized Zone. The participants are in costume: historical costumes from the future’s extended past, fish or animal costumes, with also: the advocates of pure bizarrerie … people with no faces, or four arms, or eight legs; people in chains, in webs, in masses of bubbling froth; people dressed as the dead, the living, the not-yet-to-be, and the never-could-be....