Relevant bibliographies by topics / Zone velocità

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Academic literature on the topic 'Zone velocità'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Zone velocità"

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Liu, Yike, Xu Chang, Futian Liu, and Ye Zheng. "Three-dimensional velocity images beneath the Kang–Dian Tethyan tectonic zone of China." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e02-053.

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Three-dimensional velocity images of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Kang–Dian Tethyan tectonic zone in China are constructed using P-wave travel-time residuals of earthquakes. The Kang–Dian Tethyan tectonic zone is a transitional zone in tectonic structures and an important topographic border line. It is also a zone of concentration of shallow-focus earthquakes. The imaging results indicate that there is a significant lateral heterogeneity in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Kang–Dian Tethyan tectonic zone in China. The velocity images of the upper crust show features closely related to the tectonic features on the surface. A low-velocity layer exists in a very wide range of the mid-crust. Almost all of the major earthquakes took place in the transition strips between high- and low-velocity zones in the crust above 20 km depth. From the velocity images at 20+0 and 50+0 km depth, respectively, we find that the epicenters of strong earthquakes with magnitude larger than 6.0 are almost entirely distributed in the low-velocity zones or on their boundaries.
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ROTARU, Constantin, Ionică CÎRCIU, Cornel ARAMĂ, and Cristian-George CONSTANTINESCU. "ASPECTS REGARDING VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE SECONDARY ZONE OF A GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR." Review of the Air Force Academy 13, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2015.13.3.5.

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Cui, Yonggang, Wei Haur Lam, How Tion Puay, Muhammad S. I. Ibrahim, Desmond Robinson, and Gerard Hamill. "Component Velocities and Turbulence Intensities within Ship Twin-Propeller Jet Using CFD and ADV." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8121025.

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This study presents the decays of three components of velocity for a ship twin-propeller jet associated with turbulence intensities using the Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) measurement and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Previous research has shown that a single-propeller jet consists of a zone of flow establishment and a zone of established flow. Twin-propeller jets are more complex than single-propeller jets, and can be divided into zones with four peaks, two peaks, and one peak. The axial velocity distribution is the main contributor and can be predicted using the Gaussian normal distribution. The axial velocity decay is described by linear equations using the maximum axial velocity in the efflux plane. The tangential and radial velocity decays show linear and nonlinear distributions in different zones. The turbulence intensity increases locally in the critical position of the noninterference zone and the interference zone. The current research converts the axial momentum theory of a single propeller into twin-propeller jet theory with a series of equations used to predict the overall twin-propeller jet structure.
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Volino, Ralph J., Michael P. Schultz, and Christopher M. Pratt. "Conditional Sampling in a Transitional Boundary Layer Under High Freestream Turbulence Conditions." Journal of Fluids Engineering 125, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1521957.

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Conditional sampling has been performed on data from a transitional boundary layer subject to high (initially 9%) freestream turbulence and strong (K=ν/U∞2dU∞/dx as high as 9×10−6) acceleration. Methods for separating the turbulent and nonturbulent zone data based on the instantaneous streamwise velocity and the turbulent shear stress were tested and found to agree. Mean velocity profiles were clearly different in the turbulent and nonturbulent zones, and skin friction coefficients were as much as 70% higher in the turbulent zone. The streamwise fluctuating velocity, in contrast, was only about 10% higher in the turbulent zone. Turbulent shear stress differed by an order of magnitude, and eddy viscosity was three to four times higher in the turbulent zone. Eddy transport in the nonturbulent zone was still significant, however, and the nonturbulent zone did not behave like a laminar boundary layer. Within each of the two zones there was considerable self-similarity from the beginning to the end of transition. This may prove useful for future modeling efforts.
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Monk, David J. "Fresnel-zone binning: Fresnel-zone shape with offset and velocity function." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (January 2010): T9—T14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3294576.

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The concept of the Fresnel zone has been explored by many workers; most commonly, their work has involved examining the Fresnel zone in the limiting case of zero offset and constant velocity. I have examined the shape of the Fresnel zone for nonzero offset and in the situation of constant velocity gradient. Finite-offset Fresnel zones are not circular but are elliptical and may be many times larger than their zero-offset equivalents. My derivation takes a largely geometric approach, and I suggest a useful approximation for the dimension of the Fresnel zone parallel to the shot-receiver azimuth. The presence of a velocity gradient (velocity increasing with depth) in the subsurface leads to an expansion of the Fresnel zone to an area that is far larger than may be determined through a more usual straight-ray determination.
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Hou, Rong Guo, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Hong Tao Zhu, and Yan Xia Feng. "Simulation of Gas-Solid-Liquid Three-Phase Flow Inside and Outside the Abrasive Water Jet Nozzle." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.833.

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Simulation of the velocity field of gas-solid-liquid three-phase flow inside and outside the abrasive water jet nozzle was studied by the computational fluid dynamics software (CFD). The complicated velocity field of the flow in the abrasive water jet (AWJ) nozzle and the abrasive track in the nozzle were obtained. In the course of the simulation, the inter-phase drag exchange coefficient model uses Gidaspow model (gas-solid), Wen-yu model (water-solid), Schiller-Naumann model (water-gas) respectively. The simulation results indicate that the swirl is produced in the nozzle and the abrasives are accelerated and moved around the swirl, and they are all distributed along the inner surface of the nozzle, the gas is mostly distributed in the center of swirl. The dispersion of the flow happens when it flows out of the nozzle, it can be divided into three zones, that is core zone, middle zone and border zone. At the core zone the velocity changes little while the velocity changes greatly at the middle zone, the velocity fluctuates greatly at the border zone.
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MUKHERJEE, SOUMYAJIT. "Simple shear is not so simple! Kinematics and shear senses in Newtonian viscous simple shear zones." Geological Magazine 149, no. 5 (January 17, 2012): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811001075.

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AbstractThis work develops an analytical model of shear senses within an inclined ductile simple shear zone with parallel rigid boundaries and incompressible Newtonian viscous rheology. Taking account of gravity that tends to drive the material downdip and a possible pressure gradient that drives it upward along the shear zone, it is shown that (i) contradictory shear senses develop within two sub-zones even as a result of a single simple shear deformation; (ii) the highest velocity and least shear strain develop along the contact between the two sub-zones of reverse shear; (iii) for a uniform shear sense of the boundaries, a zone of reverse shear may develop within the top of the shear zone if the pressure gradient dominates the gravity component; otherwise it forms near the bottom boundary; (iv-a) a ‘pivot’ defined by the intersection between the velocity profile and the initial marker position distinguishes two sub-zones of opposite movement directions (not shear sense); (iv-b) a pivot inside any non-horizontal shear zone indicates a part of the zone that extrudes while the other subducts simultaneously; (v) the same shear sense develops: (v-a) when under a uniform shear of the boundaries, the shear zone remains horizontal and the pressure gradient vanishes; or alternatively (v-b) if the shear zone is inclined but the gravity component counterbalances the pressure gradient. Zones with shear sense reversal need to be reinterpreted since a pro-sheared sub-zone can retro-shear if the flow parameters change their magnitudes even though the same shear sense along the boundaries is maintained.
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Ha. "Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity of Rockfill Zone by Dynamic Analysis using Micro-earthquake Records." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 35, no. 1 (2015): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2015.35.1.0141.

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ZHAO, X. P., X. Y. GAO, and D. J. GAO. "EVOLUTION OF CHAIN STRUCTURE OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS IN FLOW MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 17n18 (July 20, 2002): 2697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202012864.

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The movement of particles in electrorheological (ER) fluids is analyzed by means of molecular dynamic simulations. We found that the velocity profile of particles can be divided into two zones. One zone near electrodes where particles' velocity profiles change periodically like "breathing type" is called transition zone. The other in the middle of two electrodes where particles move smoothly like a plug is called "plug zone". In addition, the relationship between volume flow rate and relative pressure gradient is simulated out. Factors such as volume flow rate, critical electric field, critical pressure gradient and response time of shutting up were also analyzed respectively.
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Jin, Qichao, Wenhu Wang, and Ruisong Jiang. "Investigating the Contact Responses of the Roller Cavity Surfaces in the Compressor Blade Rolling Process." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (June 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1286040.

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The investigation of the contact responses is the key for evaluating the local wear of dies in the plastic forming process. This paper investigated the contact load distributions and evolutions of the roller cavities in the compressor blade rolling process by the FEM. It was the first study to quantify the distributions and evolutions of the contact responses for rolling irregular components. The results indicated that the maximum contact pressure is generally present at the center of the contact interfaces, and the magnitudes of contact pressure decreased with evolution of the blade rolling process. The rolling contact interfaces can be divided into the backward slip zone, the stick zone, and the forward slip zone based on the shear stress distributions. The stick zone was a narrow belt which separated the forward and the backward slip zone, and the shear stress in the stick zone was nearly zero. The shear stress magnitudes in the forward slip zone were smaller than those in the backward slip zone, and the directions of shear stress in forward and backward slip zones were adverse. The magnitudes of shear stress over the forward and backward slip zones decreased with evolution of the blade rolling process. The distributions of local sliding were in a V-shape, the local sliding in the stick zone was nearly zero, and the bigger sliding in backward and forward slip zones was present at the boundaries of rolling entrance and exit sections. The local sliding velocity magnitudes in the backward slip zones were always bigger than those in the forward slip zones, and the magnitudes of local sliding at the rolling entrance sections were bigger than those at the rolling exit sections. In general, the local sliding velocity magnitudes increased firstly and decreased sharply at 2T/3. The current paper develops the distributions and evolutions of contact responses in the blade rolling process. The contact responses can be used for studying the wear of roller cavities to avoid the accuracy inconsistency of the shaped blade.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zone velocità"

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Cacchi, Alberto. "Valutazione dell'attività fisica tramite l'uso del Global Positioning System." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Questo elaborato è stato strutturato in 3 diversi capitoli, nel capitolo 1 sono presentate informazioni generali su: che cosa sia un sistema GPS, come funzioni, i suoi principali errori e alcune implementazioni. Il capitolo 2 riguarda i sistemi GPS indoor di nuova tecnologia e le loro applicazioni. Mentre il capitolo 3 racchiude una analisi di alcuni studi, che riguarda l'utilità della raccolta dati, tramite sistemi GPS nell'ambito sportivo. In particolare nella prima parte si studia la validità e l'affidabilità delle misure GPS considerando l'evoluzione delle unità GPS stesse con l'aumento di frequenza di campionamento. Una volta verificati questi parametri, sono stati presi in considerazione nella seconda parte la raccolta di alcuni studi, riguardanti il monitoraggio dell'attività fisica di individui comuni in relazione all'ambiente in cui si trovano. Verificandone la qualità dei dati tramite lo studio della quantità dei dati persi. Infine nell'ultima parte viene focalizzata la ricerca sulle diverse variabili misurabili con il GPS: distanza totale, distanza relativa, velocità e carico sul corpo degli atleti, e come esse cambiano in relazione ai ruoli, alla competitività e all'età. Quest'ultima analisi è sviluppata nel contesto di vari sport di squadra.
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Schaeffer, Andrew John. "Nature of a low-velocity zone atop the transition zone in northwestern Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11762.

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Seismic studies over the past decade have identified a S-wave low-velocity zone (LVZ) above the transition zone at various locations around the globe. This layer is hypothesized to be a lens of dense, fluid-rich silicate melt ponding atop the 410 km discontinuity, beneath the silicate melt-density crossover predicted to exist within the upper mantle. We have assembled a P- and S-receiver function (PRF and SRF, respectively) dataset from the CNSN Yellowknife Array (YKA), the CANOE array, and the POLARIS-Slave array, to quantify the physical properties and geographical extent of the layer in Northwestern Canada. In order to compute the Poisson's ratio, an important discriminant of possible composition and/or fluid content, we generated a suite of 1-D velocity models based on IASP91, but with varying thicknesses and velocity ratios for a hypothetical layer above the 410 km discontinuity. From these models we computed moveout curves for the range of slowness represented in the YKA data. A grid search was performed over the model space of interval thickness and Poisson's ratio to obtain an estimate of the model that best accounts for the data. In addition, we performed a linearized inversion of transmission coefficient amplitudes to estimate the shear velocity contrast at the bounding interfaces of the LVZ. Results indicate a LVZ of thickness 36 km with a shear velocity contrast of -7.8%, and Poisson's ratio of 0.42. In combination, these two results require an associated increase in compressional velocity into the LVZ. The Poisson's ratio lies well above the IASP91 average of 0.29-0.3 for this depth range and favours the presence of high melt or fluid fractions. Geographic profiles of PRFs and SRFs 1-D migrated to depth from CANOE and POLARIS-Slave arrays reveal 410 km and 660 km discontinuities at nominal depths with little variation in transition zone thickness. PRF results from the Slave craton indicate a potential LVZ beneath many stations at an average nominal depth of 340 km, highlighted by events from the northwest. The CANOE array SRF profile images an emergent LVZ beginning at 280 km depth dipping eastwards to 310 km approaching YKA.
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Acton, C. E. "Shear velocity structure of the India-Asia collision zone." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595335.

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This dissertation describes the use of a number of seismic techniques to probe further the crustal and uppermost mantle shear velocity structure of the collision zone and the undeformed Indian shield to the south. A study of Rayleigh wave fundamental mode group velocity dispersion curves for 4054 receiver-source paths across India, Tibet and surrounding regions is used to obtain high-resolution group velocity maps between 10s and 70s. The dataset provides a higher frequency content than previous global studies and, with the inclusion of long paths up to ~5000km, bridges the gap between regional and global studies. This provides better constraints on whole crustal structure. Higher frequency P to S receiver functions are used to resolve the position of the major interface beneath seismic stations across the region; most importantly the crust-mantle boundary. Joint inversion of receiver function data and group velocity dispersion data limits the non-uniqueness inherent in receiver function inversion which is highly sensitive to a depth-velocity trade-off. The receiver function study is divided into two parts, defined by geographical area. Firstly, data from a number of broadband stations deployed over the course of this research in West Bengal and Sikkim are analysed alongside data from the INDEPTHII deployment which provides a northwards extension of the profile into Tibet. Data from previous experiments in nearby Nepal and Bhutan are studied in order to give a more complete picture of the crustal structure of this region of the Himalayas. Secondly, receiver function data for a large number of stations across the South Indian shield are revisited to provide an improved and coherent picture of variations in crustal thickness across the different geological terrains. Finally, dispersion curves extracted from the series of group velocity maps produced for the region are inverted for shear velocity structure.
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Sayed, Ali Yawar. "In Situ Compressional Wave Velocity Across An Exposed Brittle Fault Zone." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34336.

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The effects of lithology, fracturing, and gouge zone mineralization on the geophysical properties of fault zones are not very well understood. In situ seismic data collected over the exhumed San Gregorio Fault at Moss Beach, CA were used to relate in situ compressional wave velocity to internal fault zone properties. This active strike-slip fault is exposed in cross section on an uplifting and actively eroding wave-cut platform. It cuts shallow marine sediments that have been buried to depths of a few kilometers. The unweathered exposure containing seawater makes it a unique analog of subsurface faults. Previous structural analysis over this exposure observed damage caused by faulting over a ~100 m wide zone in cross-section. The fault zone is centered at a 10-17 m wide clay-rich fault core flanked by a ~30 m wide brecciated gouge zone. These gouge zones are bordered on either side by 30-40 m wide fractured zones. Resolving to a scale of a few meters, the seismic survey produced a continuous P-wave velocity profile analogous to a horizontal well log across the fault. Lateral variations in the velocity profile correlate exactly to previously mapped fault zone structure. The clay core and adjacent brecciated gouge create a ~50 m wide very low velocity zone, 25-50% slower than the surrounding host rock. Fractured bedrock on either side of the core causes a wider zone of 5-10% slow velocity, for a total fault signature ~100 m wide. Fault parallel fracture anisotropy was observed in the fractured zones, but surprizingly anisotropy was not observed in the strongly foliated gouge zones. The field measurements differ significantly from laboratory measurements at zero pressure and in some cases from expected values for saturated rock of this porosity, perhaps due to biased rock sampling, the long wavelength effects of macrofractures, frequency dispersion, and partial saturation. The velocity profile is similar in width and consistent in velocity contrast to low S-wave velocity zones derived from fault zone guided waves in other strike-slip faults. The traveltime delay across the fault zone is not large enough to cause the 2-3 km wide crustal low velocity zones modeled by refraction studies. Synthetic reflection seismograms in the typical frequency range show that the fault zone acts as a thick bed or as a constructively interfering thin bed. The models suggest that very large reflection coefficients observed across accretionary prism faults can be explained by fracturing, brecciation and clay content without elevated pore pressures. Comparison with a refraction study across the Punchbowl Fault shows a similar structural zonation of these two well-studied examples of brittle fault zones. This suggests that high-resolution seismic velocity models can be used to directly interpret internal deformation structure of brittle faults.
Master of Science
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Taylor, Rochelle Louise. "Acoustic velocity structure of the carboneras fault zone, SE Spain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/acoustic-velocity-structure-of-the-carboneras-fault-zone-se-spain(63a8ae72-04e3-4ab8-bf38-dc215cabbeec).html.

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The Carboneras fault zone (CFZ, Almería Province, SE Spain) is a major NE-SW trending tectonic lineament that marks part of the diffuse plate boundary between Iberia and Africa. Developed within a basement terrain dominated by mica schist, the fault system comprises two main strands within a complex zone up to 1 km wide. Between these two strands is a braided network of left-lateral strike-slip, phyllosilicate-rich fault gouge bands, ranging between 1 and 20 m in thickness, passively exhumed from up to 3 km depth. The excellent exposure in a semi-arid environment, the wide range of rock types and fault structures represented and the practicality of carrying out in-situ geophysical studies makes this fault zone particularly well suited to verifying and interpreting the results of in-situ seismic investigations. Integration of elements of field study, laboratory analysis and modelling has aided interpretation of the internal structure of the fault zone. Ultrasonic measurements were made using standard equipment over confining and pore pressure ranges appropriate to the upper 10 km of the continental crust. Seismic velocities have also been approximated from modal analysis and mineral phase elastic properties and adjusted for the effects of porosity. In-situ seismic investigations recorded P-wave velocities 40-60% lower than those measured in the laboratory under corresponding pressures and at ambient temperatures for hard rock samples. Fault gouge velocities measured in the laboratory, however, are comparable to those measured in the field because, unlike the host rocks, fault gouges are only pervasively micro-fractured and lack the populations of long cracks (larger than the sample size) that cause slowing of the velocities measured in the field. By modelling the effect of fractures on seismic velocity (by superimposing upon the laboratory seismic data the effects of crack damage) the gap between field- and laboratory-scale seismic investigations has been bridged. Densities of macroscopic cracks were assessed by measuring outcrop lengths on planar rock exposures. Assuming crack length follows a power law relation to frequency, this fixes a portion of the power spectrum, which is then extrapolated to cover the likely full range of crack sizes. The equations of Budiansky and O'Connell (1976), linking crack density to elastic moduli, were used to calculate modified acoustic velocities, and the effects of the wide range of crack sizes were incorporated by breaking the distribution down into small sub-populations of limited range of crack density. Finally, the effect of overburden pressure causing progressively smaller cracks to close was incorporated to predict velocity versus depth of burial (i.e. pressure). Determination of rock physical properties from laboratory analysis and sections constructed from geological mapping provides a representation of velocity from selected parts of the Carboneras fault zone. First break tomography images show particularly well the location of steeply-inclined fault cores, and these correlate generally well with geological mapping and laboratory velocity measurements corrected for the effect of cracks. The decoration of the fault zone with intrusive igneous material is well correlated with the results of geological observations. Comparisons made between the field (seismic) inversion model and laboratory forward velocity model in El Saltador valley show the laboratory and field velocity measurements made within the fault zone can be reconciled by accounting for the effects of crack damage in field data.
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Wu, Jiedi. "New Constraints on Fault-Zone Structure from Seismic Guided Waves." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28873.

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The structure of fault zones (FZs) plays an important role in understanding fault mechanics, earthquake rupture and seismic hazards. Fault zone seismic guided waves (GW) carry important information about internal structure of the low-velocity fault damage zone. Numerical modeling of observed FZGWs has been used to construct models of FZ structure. However, the depth extent of the waveguide and the uniqueness of deep structure in the models have been debated. Elastic finite-difference synthetic seismograms were generated for FZ models that include an increase in seismic velocity with depth both inside and outside the FZ. Strong GWs were created from sources both in and out of the waveguide, in contrast with previous homogenous-FZ studies that required an in-fault source to create GW. This is because the frequency-dependent trapping efficiency of the waveguide changes with depth. The near-surface fault structure efficiently guides waves at lower frequencies than the deeper fault. Fault structure at seismogenic depth requires the analysis of data at higher frequencies than the GWs that dominate at the surface. Adapting a two-station technique from surface wave studies, dispersive differential group arrival times between two earthquakes can be used to solve for FZ structures between the earthquakes. This method was tested with synthetic data and shallow events recorded in the SAFOD borehole in the San Andreas Fault. A pair of deep earthquakes recorded in the SAFOD borehole indicate a ~150 m wide San Andreas Fault waveguide with >20% velocity contrast at 10-12 km depth. With additional earthquakes, the full FZ structure at seismogenic depth could be imaged. Subsurface FZ structure can also be derived from a surface source and receiver array analogous to a body-wave refraction survey. Synthetic seismograms for such source-receiver geometry were generated and verified that FZGWs are refracted by the increase in velocity with depth. Synthetic data from a surface array were successfully inverted to derive FZ structure in the subsurface. The new methods presented in this dissertation extend the potential of FZGWs to image deeper FZ structure than has been uniquely constrained in the past.
Ph. D.
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Collings, Rachel Elizabeth. "The Sumatra subduction zone : seismicity, velocity structure and seismic anisotropy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/7233/.

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On September 12 2007, an Mw 8.4 earthquake occurred within the southern section of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone, where the subduction thrust had previously ruptured in 1833 and 1797. Following the 2007 rupture, a temporary local network was installed in the Mentawai region between December 2007 and October 2008 to record the aftershocks. Additionally, a second network was installed in central Sumatra between April 2008 and February 2009. In this study the data obtained from the Mentawai network were used to determine 2D and 3D Vp and Vp/Vs models, first motion polarity focal mechanisms and accurate hypocentre locations. In addition to this, shear wave splitting (SWS) measurements from both networks were used to determine the type, amount and location of anisotropy. This has enabled us to obtain a detailed image of the structure of the subduction zone, ascertain the down-dip limit of the seismogenic zone and determine the deformation occurring. The forearc islands are characterized by a low Vp (4.5-5.8 km/s) and a high Vp/Vs ratio (>2.0), suggesting that they consist of fluid-saturated sediments. The down-going slab is clearly distinguished by a dipping region of high Vp (8.0 km/s), which can be traced to ~50 km depth, with an increased Vp/Vs ratio (1.75 to 1.90) beneath the forearc islands and the western side of the forearc basin, suggesting hydrated oceanic crust. Beneath the slab, a ~150 km thick layer of sub-slab anisotropy has developed due to the oceanic asthenosphere being entrained by the subducting slab. Two clusters of seismic activity are found within the ~25-30 km thick overriding crust. The location of the first cluster confirms that the Mentawai Fault is active and may accommodate backthrust movement, while the second cluster suggests a backthrust may be present on the eastern side of the forearc basin. Local SWS measurements suggest that in the overriding plate, adjacent to the Sumatran Fault, a layer of anisotropy has formed from fault-parallel aligned fractures and minerals. Beneath the forearc, a shallow continental Moho of < 30 km depth can be inferred. Within the mantle wedge there is no widespread serpentinization; only localized serpentinization is present at the toe. Beneath the backarc, 2D corner flow is occurring in the continental asthenosphere. The co-seismic slip of the 2007 events, as well as the aftershock distribution, suggests that the down-dip limit to rupture propagation is beneath the slab-Moho intersection at ~50 km depth. Consequently, as the Mw 7.7 Mentawai earthquake on 25 October 2010 showed that the updip limit of the seismogenic zone is at the trench, a potential 200 km wide rupture could take place.
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Beale, Jacob N. "Local Earthquake Tomography at Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34635.

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A new high-resolution 3-dimensional P-wave velocity model for Mt. Pinatubo volcano was developed by tomographic inversion of P-wave arrivals from 3,007 earthquakes recorded during a four month period from May to August, 1991. The arrivals were recorded by a network of seismic stations, consisting of seven pre-eruption stations and seven post-eruption stations. Two stations survived the June eruptions. First-arrival travel times were calculated using a finite-difference solution to the eikonal equation. An iterative, linearized approximation of the nonlinear tomography problem was used to solve separately for both velocity structure and hypocenter locations. Several inversions performed with different initial parameters and convergence schemes, and synthetic checkerboard reconstructions indicate a horizontal spatial resolution of velocity perturbations near 4 km. However, the network sparseness allows for a substantial trade-off between focal depth, origin time, and the vertical velocity profile. Many hypocenter clusters collapse from diffuse clouds into tighter features after 3-D relocation. These bands of earthquakes appear to represent fault-related structures. Three low-velocity (relative to the horizontal average) anomalies exist within the well-resolved portion of the velocity model. These anomalies are spatially associated with pre- and post-eruption earthquakes oriented along mapped surface fault zones. Similar anomalies observed at different volcanoes have been previously interpreted as magma related. The low-velocity anomalies at Pinatubo are interpreted as highly fractured, hot volumes of mostly competent rock, which may contain partial melt.
Master of Science
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Hansen, Ralf Theodor Johannes. "Nature of the low velocity zone in Cascadia from receiver function waveform inversion." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37984.

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Dipping low-velocity zones (LVZs) are a ubiquitous structural element of subduction zones worldwide. In this study we map seismic attributes characterizing the LVZ beneath the Cascadia subduction zone from northern Vancouver Island to northern California using receiver function waveform inversion. Throughout this region, the LVZ is characterized by high Vp/Vs ratios (mean=2.77), strong S-velocity contrasts (~50%) and thicknesses averaging 3.38 km. The LVZ is immediately underlain by a second, weaker layer exhibiting moderate Vp/Vs ratios (mean=1.85) with mean thickness of 4.62 km. We interpret the combined structure in terms of subducting oceanic crust, based on classical structural/petrological descriptions and constraints from previous studies of ophiolites and ocean drill cores. The LVZ is identified with pervasively hydrated, high porosity pillow basalts and sheeted dikes of Layer 2 with possible contributions from sediments (Layer 1). Fluids released from metamorphic dehydration reactions are maintained near lithosphere fluid pressures through an impermeable plate boundary above, and a low porosity, gabbroic/mafic-cumulate dominated Layer 3 below.
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Garth, Thomas. "The seismic velocity structure of the Wadati-Benioff Zone : insights from guided waves." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/17863/.

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Low velocity hydrous minerals in the subducting plate deliver water to the mantle and are thought to cause intermediate depth Wadati-Benioff zone (WBZ) seismicity through dehydration embrittlement. High frequency seismic energy (> 2 Hz) from intermediate depth earthquakes that occur within this low velocity oceanic crust is retained and delayed by the crustal waveguide while lower frequency (< 0.5 Hz) energy travels at the faster velocities of the surrounding mantle. These guided waves therefore spend longer interacting with the low velocity oceanic crust than any other seismic phase, and have the potential to reveal a large amount about the velocity structure of the WBZ. Dispersive arrivals recorded in the forearc of Northern Japan are directly compared to synthetic waveforms produced from full 2D and 3D waveform simulations. Comparing the relative amplitude and arrival time of a given frequency using the velocity spectra and spectrogram respectively, allows the full dispersive P-waveform to be constrained. Analysis of dispersive arrivals from upper plane WBZ events at 150 – 220 km depth place the first observational constraints on the metamorphic reactions occurring before full eclogitisation of the subducting oceanic crust. I show that blueschist and lawsonite bearing rocks may persist well beyond the depths inferred from established thermo-petrological subduction zone models, and that full eclogitization may occur at much greater depths than is inferred by receiver function studies. The persistence of meta-stable hydrous minerals explains the occurrence of WBZ seismicity at 200 - 250 km depth, and may be due to the partially hydrated oceanic crust. Dispersion from events that occur well below the upper plane of WBZ seismicity can be explained by the occurrence of low velocity hydrated outer rise normal faults at intermediate depths. At depth, these faults are inferred to be 2 - 3 km thick and 12 - 15 % slower that the surrounding mantle, suggesting they are 50 - 71 % serpentinised. We suggest that the extended P-wave coda observed at stations close to the trench in Northern Japan are explained by low velocity dipping faults of a range of scale lengths forming a scattering medium. This scattering medium is simulated using a von Kármán function, and the synthetic waveforms produced are compared to the observed P-wave coda, that decays in amplitude with distance from the trench. The magnitude of this spatial coda decay is sensitive to the average bulk velocity of the scattering medium and provides a constraint on the hydration of the lithospheric mantle subducted beneath Japan. This first in-situ constraint on the degree of slab mantle hydration at intermediate depth suggests that 170.4 - 318.7 Tg/Myr/m of water is subducted beneath Northern Japan by the slab mantle. In summary we have shown that up to 94 % of the water subducted beneath Northern Japan is transported by the lithospheric mantle, and that upper and lower planes of WBZ zone seismicity are directly related to hydrous mineral assemblages, and so may occur through dehydration embrittlement. This work shows that guided waves have the potential to resolve new details of the WBZ velocity structure and the techniques developed here can be applied to other subduction zone settings.
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Books on the topic "Zone velocità"

1

Chen, Shengzao. Waveform analysis and velocity structure at Quirke Mine and adjacent areas. Part 2: Extension of the failure zone. Elliot Lake, Ont: CANMET, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, 1990.

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Kamada, Ray. Amending the w* velocity scale for surface layer, entrainment zone, and baroclinic shear in mixed forced/free turbulent convection. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Helioseismic constraints on the gradient of angular velocity at the base of the solar convection zone. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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User's manual for river mixing zone analysis programs. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1987.

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Giannetti, Paolo. The velocity field in the northeast Atlantic from satellite- tracked drifting buoys. 1993.

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Gray, W. Malcolm. Ductile Fracture of Gas Pipelines: Correlation Between Fracture Velocity and Plastic Zone Defined from Tension Test Parameters. Amer Gas Assn, 1985.

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Draft guidelines for evaluating liquefaction resistance using shear wave velocity measurements and simplified procedures. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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H, Stokoe Kenneth, Chung R. M, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Draft guidelines for evaluating liquefaction resistance using shear wave velocity measurements and simplified procedures. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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Draft guidelines for evaluating liquefaction resistance using shear wave velocity measurements and simplified procedures. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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Gardner, Colin. Louis Malle’s Kleistian War Machine: Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Woman, Becoming-Imperceptible in Black Moon (1975). Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0005.

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Framed through an analysis of Kleist’s molecular war machine in his play, Penthesilea, in which Achilles and Penthesilea form a new assemblage of affective war, this chapter explores Louis Malle’s Black Moon (1975) where the battle of the sexes becomes the catalyst for a new series of becomings. The film takes the form of a waking dream as a teenage fugitive, Lily is led through a series of depersonalized movements by a unicorn to a secluded Dordogne farm where Kleist’s utopian “mad duality” is manifested though a strange, non-Oedipal family dynamic in which a mute brother and his sheep-herding sister – both also called Lily – live with a group of naked children and a bedridden elderly woman whose companion is a talking rat and where the animals are treated as equal agencies in the narrative. Although by film’s end Brother and Sister Lily become caught up in the ravages of a gender war, teenage Lily inherits this ‘deterritorialized velocity of affect’ by adopting the role of the breastfeeding mother to the unicorn, all in relation to the becoming multiplicity of the pack: in short, a true war machine that envelops both protagonists and spectators alike in a transformed zone of indiscernibility.
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Book chapters on the topic "Zone velocità"

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Stix, Michael. "Models for a Differentially Rotating Solar Convection Zone." In The Internal Solar Angular Velocity, 329–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3903-5_33.

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Hill, Frank. "The Equatorial Rotation Rate in the Solar Convection Zone." In The Internal Solar Angular Velocity, 45–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3903-5_6.

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Zahn, J. P. "Turbulent Transport in the Radiative Zone of a Rotating Star." In The Internal Solar Angular Velocity, 201–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3903-5_23.

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Schüssler, M. "Magnetic Fields and the Rotation of the Solar Convection Zone." In The Internal Solar Angular Velocity, 303–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3903-5_31.

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Dumey, Bernard R. "The Generalization of Mixing Length Theory to Rotating Convection Zones and Applications to the Sun." In The Internal Solar Angular Velocity, 235–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3903-5_27.

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Garnero, Edward J., Justin Revenaugh, Quentin Williams, Thorne Lay, and Louise H. Kellogg. "Ultralow velocity zone at the core-mantle boundary." In The Core‐Mantle Boundary Region, 319–34. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd028p0319.

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Ruzhich, Valery V., and Evgeny V. Shilko. "A New Method for Seismically Safe Managing of Seismotectonic Deformations in Fault Zones." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 45–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_3.

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AbstractThe authors outline the results of long-term interdisciplinary research aimed at identifying the possibility and the methods of controlling tangential displacements in seismically dangerous faults to reduce the seismic risk of potential earthquakes. The studies include full-scale physical and numerical modeling of P-T conditions in the earth’s crust contributing to the initiation of displacement in the stick-slip regime and associated seismic radiation. A cooperation of specialists in physical mesomechanics, seismogeology, geomechanics, and tribology made it possible to combine and generalize data on the mechanisms for the formation of the sources of dangerous earthquakes in the highly stressed segments of faults. We consider the prospect of man-caused actions on the deep horizons of fault zones using powerful shocks or vibrations in combination with injecting aqueous solutions through deep wells to manage the slip mode. We show that such actions contribute to a decrease in the coseismic slip velocity in the fault zone, and, therefore, cause a decrease in the amplitude and energy of seismic vibrations. In conclusion, we substantiate the efficiency of the use of combined impacts on potentially seismically hazardous segments of fault zones identified in the medium-term seismic prognosis. Finally, we discuss the importance of the full-scale validation of the proposed approach to managing the displacement regime in highly-stressed segments of fault zones. Validation should be based on large-scale tests involving advanced technologies for drilling deep multidirectional wells, injection of complex fluids, and localized vibrational or pulse impacts on deep horizons.
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Kocharyan, Gevorg G., Alexey A. Ostapchuk, and Dmitry V. Pavlov. "Fault Sliding Modes—Governing, Evolution and Transformation." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 323–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_15.

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AbstractA brief summary of fundamental results obtained in the IDG RAS on the mechanics of sliding along faults and fractures is presented. Conditions of emergence of different sliding regimes, and regularities of their evolution were investigated in the laboratory, as well as in numerical and field experiments. All possible sliding regimes were realized in the laboratory, from creep to dynamic failure. Experiments on triggering the contact zone have demonstrated that even a weak external disturbance can cause failure of a “prepared” contact. It was experimentally proven that even small variations of the percentage of materials exhibiting velocity strengthening and velocity weakening in the fault principal slip zone may result in a significant variation of the share of seismic energy radiated during a fault slip event. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the radiation efficiency of an earthquake and the fault slip mode are governed by the ratio of two parameters—the rate of decrease of resistance to shear along the fault and the shear stiffness of the enclosing massif. The ideas developed were used to determine the principal possibility to artificially transform the slidding regime of a section of a fault into a slow deformation mode with a low share of seismic wave radiation.
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Friedrichs, C. T., D. R. Lynch, and D. G. Aubrey. "Velocity asymmetries in frictionally-dominated tidal embayments: longitudinal and lateral variability." In Dynamics and Exchanges in Estuaries and the Coastal Zone, 277–312. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce040p0277.

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Song, Teh-Ru Alex, and Don V. Helmberger. "Low Velocity Zone Atop the Transition Zone in the Western US from S Waveform Triplication." In Earth's Deep Water Cycle, 195–213. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/168gm15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Zone velocità"

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Finnie, John. "Does the Birkbeck type bedload sediment trap effect local flow velocity?" In 2014 Zone 1 Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE Zone 1). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aseezone1.2014.6820646.

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Jieying Zhou, Yuliang Cheng, and Jianlin Lu. "Velocity based adaptive zone routing protocol." In 2007 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2007.4445892.

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Thore, P., and C. Juliard. "Velocity resolution: The Fresnel zone concept." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1826449.

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Tomasicchio, Giuseppe R., and Ferdinando Frega. "Velocity Profiles at the Swash Zone." In Coastal Structures 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40733(147)59.

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Jaiswal, Amit Kumar, and Pardeep Singh. "Optimizing Velocity Based Adaptive Zone Routing Protocol." In 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccct.2010.5640413.

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Prasad, Manika. "Correlating permeability with velocity using flow zone indicators." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1820904.

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Yagi, Hiroshi, Hirofumi Hinata, and Kazuo Nadaoka. "Velocity Field Measurements in a “Coastal Buffer Zone”." In 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784402429.265.

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Volino, Ralph J., Michael P. Schultz, and Christopher M. Pratt. "Conditional Sampling in a Transitional Boundary Layer Under High Free-Stream Turbulence Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0192.

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Conditional sampling has been performed on data from a transitional boundary layer subject to high (initially 9%) free-stream turbulence and strong K=ν/U∞2dU∞/dxas high as9×10-6 acceleration. Methods for separating the turbulent and non-turbulent zone data based on the instantaneous streamwise velocity and the turbulent shear stress were tested and found to agree. Mean velocity profiles were clearly different in the turbulent and non-turbulent zones, and skin friction coefficients were as much as 70% higher in the turbulent zone. The streamwise fluctuating velocity, in contrast, was only about 10% higher in the turbulent zone. Turbulent shear stress differed by an order of magnitude, and eddy viscosity was three to four times higher in the turbulent zone. Eddy transport in the non-turbulent zone was still significant, however, and the non-turbulent zone did not behave like a laminar boundary layer. Within each of the two zones there was considerable self-similarity from the beginning to the end of transition. This may prove useful for future modeling efforts.
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Arief, J. "Comparison of Interval Velocity and Inversion Velocity Usage to Build 3D Pore Pressure Models – Case Study: Ja Field, East Java Basin." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-sg-300.

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Pore pressure analysis is one of the stages that needs to be done before drilling and it is intended to determine indication of overpressure zones that may endanger the drilling phase. Pore pressure analysis could be done with various variables from well and/or seismic data. This study is conducted at the JA Field, East Java Basin, and focused on the claystone interval of the Ledok – Ngrayong Formation. This study will focus on interval velocity and inversion velocity in the claystone formations, which is typically showing more sensitivity to heterogeneity in such conditions. Besides mapping overpressure zone indications, this study was conducted to determine the sensitivity of the velocity variables in analyzing pore pressure and to make 3D pore pressure distribution models, where in this study interval velocity and inversion velocity were used. In addition to using the 1D pore pressure models from Well A1, Well B2 and Well C3 as a comparison, a blind test was also carried out to validate whether the two 3D pore pressure distribution models qualitatively represented the JA Field. From the pore pressure analysis results, both on the 1D and 3D models, which were carried out based on the Eaton (1975) method, it is known that there is an indication of the overpressure zone in the Wonocolo Formation with the top of overpressure zone depth at 5900-6200 ft. The 3D pore pressure models showed the overpressure zone distribution is marked by the significant color changes tendency in the center of the study area. Qualitatively, the use of interval velocity and inversion velocity in creating the 3D models appears in the distribution of different pore pressure values. However, the two 3D pore pressure models have generally represented the JA Field pore pressure distribution as evidenced by the blind test result.
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Volino, Ralph J. "An Investigation of the Scales in Transitional Boundary Layers Under High Free-Stream Turbulence Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30233.

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The scales in a transitional boundary layer subject to high (initially 8%) free-stream turbulence and strong acceleration (K as high as 9×10−6) have been investigated using wavelet spectral analysis and conditional sampling of experimental data. The boundary layer shows considerable evolution through transition, with a general shift from the lower frequencies induced by the free-stream unsteadiness to higher frequencies associated with near wall generated turbulence. Within the non-turbulent zone of the intermittent flow, there is considerable self-similarity in the spectra from the beginning of transition to the end, with the dominant frequencies in the boundary layer remaining constant at about the dominant frequency of the free-stream. The frequencies of the energy containing scales in the turbulent zone change with streamwise location and are significantly higher than in the non-turbulent zone. When normalized on the local viscous length scale and velocity, however, the turbulent zone spectra also show good self-similarity throughout transition. Turbulence dissipation occurs almost exclusively in the turbulent zone. The velocity fluctuations associated with dissipation are isotropic, and their normalized spectra at upstream and downstream stations are nearly identical. The distinct differences between the turbulent and non-turbulent zones suggest the potential utility of intermittency based transition models in which these zones are treated separately. The self-similarity noted in both energy containing and dissipation scales in both zones suggests possibilities for simplifying the modeling for each zone.
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Reports on the topic "Zone velocità"

1

Larsen, S., and D. Harris. Seismic wave propagation through a low-velocity nuclear rubble zone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10130414.

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Toole, John M., Richard A. Krishfield, Sylvia T. Cole, Fredrik T. Thwaites, and Mary-Louise Timmermans. Autonomous Observations of the Upper Ocean Stratification and Velocity Fields About the Seasonally-Retreating Marginal Ice Zone. Acquisition of Ice-Tethered Profilers with Velocity (ITP-V) Instruments as a Contribution to the Marginal Ice Zone DRI. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572579.

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Toole, John M., Richard A. Krishfield, Mary-Louse Timmermans, Sylvia T. Cole, and Fredrik T. Thwaites. Autonomous Observations of the Upper Ocean Stratification and Velocity Fields About the Seasonally-Retreating Marginal Ice Zone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601323.

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Kamada, R. F. Amending the W* Velocity Scale for Surface Layer, Entrainment Zone, and Baroclinic Shear in Mixed Forced/Free Turbulent Convection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250389.

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Toole, John M., Richard A. Krishfield, and Fredrik T. Acquisition of Ice-Tethered Profilers with Velocity (ITP-V) Instruments as a contribution to the Marginal Ice Zone DRI. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601322.

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Chanson, Hubert. Physical modelling of semi-circular channels and low velocity zones - application to pipe culverts and upstream fish passage at less-than-design flows. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/1ed47e8.

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