Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zones tampons humides artificielles'
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Michel, Alexandre. "Synchronismes et antagonismes dans les relations entre environnement agricole, biodiversité, et fonctions écologiques dans les zones tampons humides artificielles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASB016.
Full textAgrochemicals, including pesticides and nitrates, can be transferred to the hydrosphere, with adverse effects on organisms and aquatic ecosystems. Constructed wetlands (CWs) can be implemented in the agricultural landscape to reduce the transfer of agrochemicals to the hydrosphere through their natural purification properties. However, although their primary aim is to reduce pollution of the aquatic environment, paradoxically, CWs can act as interceptors and concentrators of pesticides and nitrates, with the negative repercussions that these contaminants can have on aquatic organisms, making CWs potential ecological traps for aquatic fauna. By studying a pilot site located in Seine-et-Marne (France) and subject to water quality monitoring since 2012, the present thesis aims to assess the potential for an agricultural CW to act as an ecological trap for amphibians and aquatic invertebrates.Through a series of multi-level, in situ ecological and ecotoxicological monitoring studies, the results obtained tend to show that the risk induced by agrochemical fluxes in the CW is notable for amphibians, and that negative sub-cellular, behavioral, and ecological effects are exerted on aquatic fauna. This work provides a better understanding of the potential impacts of agricultural contaminant fluxes on aquatic fauna in CWs
Vallée, Romain. "Efficacité de zones tampons humides à réduire les teneurs en pesticides des eaux de drainage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0069/document.
Full textIn Lorraine, the drainage of clay soils contributes to transfer of agricultural inputs (pesticides and fertilizers) towards surface waters. In this case, the regulatory grass strips (CAP regulation) installed along rivers are bypassed and no longer effective in purifying surface water. Thus, constructed wetlands (CWs) are recommended to take over grass cover bands. Generally, these CWs are installed at watershed scale or at that of several plots and they are therefore quite huge, making them competitive in the cultivated land. The objective of this project is to assess the effectiveness of two small CW, installed in the grass cover band between the drained plot and the river. For this, a multi-scale approach was set up integrating laboratory experiments in batch, pilot study taking into account the water dynamics and monitoring at field scale. The effectiveness of CW was assessed during the 2012/13 and 2013/14 drainage seasons. The nitrate and 79 pesticides concentrations were monitored at inlet and outlet of CWs and in various substrates (soils, sediment, straw and plants). For both devices, the removal efficiencies measured for nitrate were stable and ranged from 5.4 to 10.9 % of inlet amounts while the reduction of pesticide flows was very variable, ranging from -618.5 to 100 %. This variability was explained by four distinct behaviors. The high negative efficiency values were attributed to neighboured runoff events after heavy rains, for soluble molecules such as 2,4-MCPA or isoproturon. For both molecules, the sorption study showed low affinity for environmental substrates, facilitating their transport by runoff and drainage water. Other molecules such as boscalid or OH-atrazine showed effectiveness close to 0 %. For boscalid, this behavior has been observed in laboratory sorption and pilots studies, in agreement with its strong adsorption and desorption capacities. Finally, some molecules have shown reductions ranging from 9.9 to 100 %, in agreement with their low persistence (2,4-MCPA, clopyralid, mesosulfuron-methyl, ...) or their high affinity for environmental substrates (diflufenican, propiconazole or propyzamide). These small CWs, located in the grass cover bands, are effective in minimizing the contamination of surface waters by agricultural drainage water. Thus, multiplying the number of these devices at the plot scale in the agricultural landscape would reduce the contamination of surface waters by pesticides and nitrates while preserving the cultivated land. However, the effectiveness of these CWs are limited for pesticides with a low Koc and a long DT50; thus their installation in plot must not call into question the reduction in the use of pesticides
Gaullier, Céline. "Influence de l’hydraulique sur l’efficacité des zones tampons végétalisées à réduire les teneurs en pesticides et métabolites en sortie de drains agricoles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0318.
Full textPesticides amounts measured in agricultural drained water can reach 10 µg/L up to 395 µg/L. In Lorraine, Constructed Wetlands (CW) were set up between drained fields and the river to limit pesticide release. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydraulic on the mitigation of pesticides and metabolites in both dissolved and particulate phases of drained water, by discriminating associated processes. To do so, a multi-scale approach was performed by integrating both laboratory experiments, such as batch and dynamic conditions in pilots, and a plurennial monitoring of two different ZTVA (ditch and pond). In-situ tracing experiments highlighted that the volume of CW was not homogeneous, independently of the flow rate. CW are divided in two hydraulic zones: a main channel and isolated areas. Moreover, these two zones behave differently regarding pesticides mitigation. Annual mitigation efficiency in both of the CW studied, vary between (i) -1176 % and 96 % for dissolved pesticides, (ii) -20 % and 3 % for dissolved metabolites (chloroacetanilides), and from (iii) -580 % to 79 % for particulate pesticides. Adsorption on sediments allows the mitigation of dissolved pesticides whose adsorption coefficient (Koc) varied from 364 to 1424 L/g (mitigation ranging from 7 to 65 %), and occurred mainly in isolated areas. However, this process is reversible and desorption can explain negative efficiency measured on the field. Additionally, hydrophilic pesticides (Koc between 54 and 401 L/g) and metabolites (Koc between 0 and 0.77 L/g) are few or not mitigated (mitigation ranging from -20 and 8 %). Finally, pesticides entering CW under particulate phase are mitigated through sedimentation of total suspended solids, higher in isolated areas than in main channel. This process is also reversible, leading to sediments resuspension. Otherwise, inlet flow rates vary throughout the year, which could allow a variation of pesticide mitigation. Indeed, batch and pilots studies highlighted the influence of hydrodynamic (flow rate, etc) on mitigation of dissolved pesticides. CW act as a sink (adsorption and sedimentation) and a source (desorption and resuspension) towards specific dissolved or particulate pesticides and related to hydrodynamic of CW
Gaullier, Céline. "Influence de l’hydraulique sur l’efficacité des zones tampons végétalisées à réduire les teneurs en pesticides et métabolites en sortie de drains agricoles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0318/document.
Full textPesticides amounts measured in agricultural drained water can reach 10 µg/L up to 395 µg/L. In Lorraine, Constructed Wetlands (CW) were set up between drained fields and the river to limit pesticide release. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydraulic on the mitigation of pesticides and metabolites in both dissolved and particulate phases of drained water, by discriminating associated processes. To do so, a multi-scale approach was performed by integrating both laboratory experiments, such as batch and dynamic conditions in pilots, and a plurennial monitoring of two different ZTVA (ditch and pond). In-situ tracing experiments highlighted that the volume of CW was not homogeneous, independently of the flow rate. CW are divided in two hydraulic zones: a main channel and isolated areas. Moreover, these two zones behave differently regarding pesticides mitigation. Annual mitigation efficiency in both of the CW studied, vary between (i) -1176 % and 96 % for dissolved pesticides, (ii) -20 % and 3 % for dissolved metabolites (chloroacetanilides), and from (iii) -580 % to 79 % for particulate pesticides. Adsorption on sediments allows the mitigation of dissolved pesticides whose adsorption coefficient (Koc) varied from 364 to 1424 L/g (mitigation ranging from 7 to 65 %), and occurred mainly in isolated areas. However, this process is reversible and desorption can explain negative efficiency measured on the field. Additionally, hydrophilic pesticides (Koc between 54 and 401 L/g) and metabolites (Koc between 0 and 0.77 L/g) are few or not mitigated (mitigation ranging from -20 and 8 %). Finally, pesticides entering CW under particulate phase are mitigated through sedimentation of total suspended solids, higher in isolated areas than in main channel. This process is also reversible, leading to sediments resuspension. Otherwise, inlet flow rates vary throughout the year, which could allow a variation of pesticide mitigation. Indeed, batch and pilots studies highlighted the influence of hydrodynamic (flow rate, etc) on mitigation of dissolved pesticides. CW act as a sink (adsorption and sedimentation) and a source (desorption and resuspension) towards specific dissolved or particulate pesticides and related to hydrodynamic of CW
Passeport, Elodie. "Efficacité d'une zone humide artificielle et d'une zone tampon forestière pour dissiper la pollution par les pesticides dans un bassin versant agricole drainé." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00542351.
Full textJohansson, Elisabeth. "Constructed wetlands and deconstructed discourses : greenhouse gas fluxes and discourses on purifying capacities /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/arts253s.pdf.
Full textBouffard, Vicky. "Milieux humides artificiels pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité de traitement des eaux usées domestiques d'une petite municipalité." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textMarchand, Lilian. "Phytoremédiation en zones humides construites d'eaux contaminées au cuivre." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14691/document.
Full textThis work aims at characterizing environmental compartments (i.e. water, soil and soil pore water, substrate, macrophytes at the individual and community scale) and their functioning to in fine improve the effectiveness of constructed wetlands (CW) for cleaning Cu-contaminated waters. Knowledge on the homeostasis of Cu in plants and its phytotoxicity at medium and high exposures are summarized. The main physico-chemical and biological mechanisms involved in the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated water in CW are discussed. Several aided-phytostabilisation options were in situ evaluated in lysimeters at a Cu-contaminated wood preservation site to assess the potential of four amendments to sorb Cu in a CW substrate. Concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE, including Cu) and macronutrients of leachates migrating from the root zone to the aquifers were quantified. Based on the responses of Lemna minor L. used as a bioindicator, exposed to the leachates,.Linz-Donawitz slag spiked with P (LDS, 1%) best performed to sorb labile Cu in the root zone. In parallel, macrophyte communities were monitored along the Jalle Eysines River, an urban river slightly contaminated by Cu and other PTTE. The PTTE concentrations were determined in the soil, water, soil pore water, and in the leaves of seven macrophyte species. A multivariate statistical model was developed based on the foliar PTTE concentrations for biomonitoring macrophyte exposures. Populations of macrophytes were also collected in wetlands displaying an increasing Cu contamination in Europe (France, Spain, Portugal, and Italy), Belarus and Australia. Root production of macrophytes exposed for 3 weeks at increasing Cu concentrations (0.08, 2.5, 5, 15 and 25 µM Cu) shows an intra-specific variability of Cu tolerance in populations of Juncus effusus, Schoenoplectus lacustris and Phalaris arundinacea. In contrast, a similar response to constitutive tolerance occurred for Typha latifolia and Iris pseudacorus, two species with high production of rhizomes. The rhizome influence is discussed. Phragmites australis also produces rhizomes but showed intra-specific variability in response to Cu exposure. In a CW at mesocosm scale (110 dm3), up to 99% of Cu in water (initial concentration: 2.5μM Cu) was removed after 2 weeks in the three modalities planted with Juncus articulatus, P. arundinacea and P. australis, and in the unplanted control. The influences of microbial biofilms, the substrate, and the macrophyte species and their interactions in CW are discussed. The selection of PTTE-tolerant macrophytes for their used in CW and the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the intra-specific variability in PTTE- tolerance, i.e for P. australis, require further investigations
Liu, Ling. "La selection d'un milieu filtrant utilisé dans un marais artificiel pour la déphosphatation des eaux usées municipales /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textPulou, Jérémy. "Les anciennes cressonnières de l'Essonne : Effets de la recolonisation des zones humides artificielles sur la dynamique de l'azote." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00910075.
Full textPulou, Jérémy. "Les anciennes cressonnières de l'Essonne : Effets de la recolonisation des zones humides artificielles sur la dynamique de l'azote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0078.
Full textRiver Essonne is quantitatively and qualitatively influenced by groundwater. Nitrate concentrations of this groundwater are high and are still increasing, threatening the quality of the watercourse. In the past, watercress farms (artificial wetlands where watercress [Nasturtium officinale R. Br.] is cultivated) were numerous between this groundwater and the river, but they are nowadays massively abandoned. These wetlands potentially play the role of buffer zones, and could contribute to maintain the quality of surface water with respect to nitrate. This study aims to assess nitrate mitigation in watercress farms, but also the changes occurring in these wetlands after watercress cropping has been abandoned and their consequences on nitrate removal. This work is based upon the study of an experimental site (Maisse, France) including several stages of abandon, and on laboratory experiments (bioreactors). Macrophytes succession after the abandonment of watercress farms has been assessed at the experimental site and in 14 other abandoned sites of the Essonne valley. After the abandonment of the crop, watercress do not maintain in the beds. The wetlands progressively evolve towards a terrestrial ecosystem, being successively colonized by pioneer or invasives hydrophytes (Lemna minuta Kunth.) and by pioneer helophytes (Epilobium hirsutum L., Typha latifolia L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.). To finish with, the vegetation consists in reed beds, with the appearance of shrubby and woody species (Salix sp) which seems to indicate an evolution towards an alluvial forest. Nitrates were partially removed from the water between the inflow and the outflow of our experimental site. Cultivated beds were the most efficient with a mean removal rate of 1770 mg NO3-/m²/day during this 3-years survey. In comparison, abandoned beds exhibited lower removal rates ranging from 550 to 750 mg/m²/day. In spite of these rates, the effects on nitrate concentrations in water were limited (approximately 44 mg/L at the inflow and 42 mg/L at the outflow), because the residence times were short. Nitrate removal rates varied seasonally, and were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The amplitude of these variations was higher in cultivated beds than in abandoned beds. The estimate of nitrate uptake by macrophytes revealed that denitrification could account for 70 to 85% of nitrate removal. Measurement of potential denitrification in bioreactors showed that organic carbon availability limited denitrification in watercress farm sediments. Watercress is a readily available source of carbon, in contrast with helophytes which dominate abandoned beds such as Phragmites australis.The effects of nitrate mitigation in watercress farms on nitrate concentrations in the river Essonne are very limited, but can be improved with the management of carbon sources and hydraulic residence time in these wetlands
Baudon-Juvet, Anne. "Evolution de la qualité chimique des eaux acides de carrières au contact des terres humides." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2266.
Full textWang, Runying. "Phytoépuration de boues biologiques provenant de l'industrie agroalimentaire : traitement par un système de marais artificiels à flux vertical en région méditerranéenne française." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11028.
Full textWe performed an experiment using a vertical-flow wetland system to treat a liquid sewage sludge from a food industry (producing soft drinks from fruit concentrates). An organic substrate (peat/crushed pine bark, 1/1) was used as growing medium and three helophyte species (Phragmites australis Cav. , Typha latifolia L. , and Iris pseudacorus L. ) were tested. Results confirmed that the organic substrate can be used in treatment system, without clogging observed. However, the substrate released soluble organic matter, which enriched outflow water. The treatment system showed high performance: water reduction varied from 25% to 65%; removal efficiency was more than 90% for MES and COD, and more than 80% for TKN. Overall, the system planted with Phragmites had the highest performance, followed by Typha and then by Iris, all beyond unplanted system. This highlights positive role of plants in the treatment and differences between species. The main purifying process was filtration of particles by substrate. Plants had positive impacts on treatment. Indirectly, plant root system strengthened filtration effect of substrate and enhanced microbial activity; roots released organic substances, such as peroxidises, which can participate in the degradation of organic contaminants. Directly, plants took up elements and stored them in their biomass; this direct role of plants was minor while not negligible. Phragmites was the species the most efficient because of its characteristics suitable for treatment, such as high evapotranspiration, high uptake capacity of nutrients, dense, extensive and deep root system and more active enzymes
Bahi, Aya. "Modelling the fate of pesticides in constructed wetlands." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS037.
Full textPesticides used to improve the quality of agricultural products are a source of non-point source pollution that affects the quality of water resources and aquatic habitats. Several studies have evidenced that natural (e.g., lakes, ponds, and bogs) or constructed wetlands (e.g., ponds, irrigation reservoirs, and drainage ditches) that intercept agricultural waters can dissipate pesticide contamination. Thus, this thesis aims to study the fate of pesticides in constructed wetlands (ponds). Ponds were originally constructed to store rainwater and agricultural drainage water to provide water for livestock and irrigation. However, several research studies have demonstrated the environmental benefits of ponds. In addition to providing a habitat for living organisms, they can dissipate the concentration of pesticides contained in agricultural waters. When the pesticides remain in the ponds, they undergo a series of physicochemical processes that reduce their concentration. Subsequently, when the ponds are filled, the water is discharged to the surface, and groundwater sources are less pesticide-loaded. Therefore, as a complement to pesticide use regulations, ponds are an effective tool for reducing pesticide transfer to water resources downstream of agricultural plots. Although many studies of the dissipation potential of ponds focus on nitrates and suspended sediments, very little is known about the behavior of pesticides. Furthermore, most studies evaluate a dissipation process individually without focusing on its potential interaction with other processes. Even fewer papers present mathematical formulations for dissipation processes to develop predictive models. The first objective of the thesis is to study and assess the interactions and contribution of multiple physicochemical processes to pesticide dissipation in ponds, as well as their mathematical formulations and main controlling factors. The quantification of the contribution of each process to pesticide dissipation in ponds allowed the construction of primary process hierarchization hypotheses. In the second phase, the findings of this process investigation and the selected mathematical formulations were used to develop a conceptual model of pesticide fate in the ponds. The model integrates the different processes of transport, transfer, and transformation within the main compartments of the ponds (water and sediments) to predict the dynamics of the pesticides. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most involved processes in pesticide dissipation: sorption, transformation by microorganisms, and photolysis. The model was then applied to a typical agricultural pond in a drainage area (Rampillon, France) where pesticides are mostly transported in a dissolved form in the catchment. The application results enabled to display of the temporal distribution of pesticides in the pond and the contribution of each process to the dissipation of pesticides. The model was also applied to another pond (Auradé, France) representing erosive media to characterize pesticides' particle form behavior
Darul, Romane. "Bilan des nutriments et du carbone dans les zones humides naturelles et artificielles de tête de bassin versant : cas du bassin versant du lac de Carcans-Hourtin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0190.
Full textWetlands are subject to numerous threats such as eutrophication, disruption of their hydrology by human activities and climate change. Restoration of natural sites and the creation of artificial wetlands are carried out by territorial managers to preserve the ecosystem services they provide: support for biodiversity, nutrient remediation and carbon storage. Headwater wetlands are particularly important as they influence downstream water quality and the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems in much of the downstream watershed. The watershed of the lacs Médocains is a highly anthropized territory, dedicated to pine cultivation and agriculture. It is home to several natural wetland environments, including the Carcans-Hourtin and Lacanau lakes, marshes, watercourses and many temporary forest ponds, remnants of the marshy area that existed before the expansion of forestry on the Landes plateau. These environments are at risk of eutrophication and drying up; their number decreases every year. Some Agricultural Artificial Wetlands (AAW) are constructed downstream of agricultural exploitations to reduce nutrient flows from field runoff. The study of these natural and artificial wetlands is thus a strategic point in territorial management. In this thesis work, the physico-chemistry of 12 temporary ponds and 3 AAW was monitored for about 2 years. Sediment cores were taken from the AAW to quantify nutrient fluxes at the water-sediment interface and define nutrients depletion processes. Within temporary ponds, a carbon budget was established through measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes at the water-atmosphere and exposed sediment-air interfaces using flux chambers, and through measurements of carbon burial rates using 210Pb dating in sediment cores. Identification of vegetation belts and biomass harvesting were carried out on 6 temporary ponds. The results of this thesis show that AAW are currently too small to effectively reduce nitrate coming from field fertilization. However, denitrification and phosphorus precipitation processes in the sediments are indeed occurring. The enlargement of surface of existing AAW and the creation of new artificial wetlands should be recommended in order to effectively reduce nutrient flows in the future. The temporary ponds studied resulted acidic and mostly oligotrophic. However, nitrification was measured during the re-watering of ponds that had dried up for a long time during the summer, and nitrate contamination was identified in several ponds located downstream of agricultural areas. Sites in good conservation status or having undergone recent restoration works, consisting of bank re-profiling and sediment seed bank conservation, were identified as carbon sinks and had the highest vegetation biomass and diversity. On the opposite, ponds that had been over-excavated in the past, resulted as carbon sources and present less biodiversity. A carbon storage gradient was identified in the ponds: central areas, which were immersed the longest, had higher carbon rates than external areas. iv The current restoration techniques used for natural wetlands and the planned enlargement works for the artificial ones therefore appear to be effective methods for maintaining good water quality and sustaining wetlands in the Carcans-Hourtin lake watershed. However, it is still necessary to monitor the evolution of these environments in the context of climate change
Morteau, Bertrand. "Développement d'un système de traitement des eaux de ruissellement routier par marais épurateur adapté et lit filtrant réactif." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25186.
Full textRoad runoff is a worldwide problematic, mainly due to metals and hydrocarbon released by cars. Certain Nordic countries like Canada add other contaminants to this chemical mixture by spreading de-icing salts on their roads during winter. With the goal of treating high salt concentration road runoff, it has been proposed to use a constructed wetland coupled with a packed bed filter. Halophytic plants (plants able to accumulate salts) have been suggested as the constructed wetland vegetation. The packed bed filter would be filled with calcite, a phosphorus adsorbant material. The first objective of this thesis was to determine the feasibility of a treatment by constructed wetlands with halophytic plants. Our methodology consisted in evaluating the optimal conditions (1) for the growth of the selected species (Atriplex patula, Salicornia europaea, Spergularia canadensis and Typha augustifolia) and (2) for NaCl accumulation. Those results have been used to design 16 pilot tests by our laboratory. The second objective was to study the phosphorus adsorption capability of calcite as a function of the initial phosphorus concentration, time, temperature and the presence of metals. Adsorption was then tested in column tests. Constructed wetland pilots resulted in chloride and sodium reduction rates from 0 to 97 % depending on the species. The calcite presented adsorptions of active phosphorus up to 1.7 P/g mg of calcite. The results of the column tests allowed a 64 % removal of phosphorus. Saturation of calcite has been reached in a few hours. Treatment could be improved on a large scale device. It is recommended to place the packed bed filter after the MECA and to the follow the design parameters: 1) nutrition complement in the substrate, 2) water level close to the soil surface, 3) a residence time of one week and 4) different basins to be able to optimize the phytoremediation capabilities of the selected species. Packed bed filter should have a residence time of two hours and a calcite of 0.317 cm granulometry. Suggestions for future research to improve treatment system are presented in the conclusion section.
Guittonny-Philippe, Anna. "Phytoépuration de mélanges de polluants organiques et métalliques pour la préservation des zones humides méditerranéennes : approche exploratoire vers la mise au point d'outils d'ingénierie écologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4722/document.
Full textThe thesis aimed at developing a constructed wetland for simultaneous phytoremediation of organic micropollutants (OPM) and trace metals and metalloids (MM) in Mediterranean environment, for treating chronical and accidental releases from an industrialized catchment, and enhancing the resilience of a protected wetland. A greenhouse study was conducted in microcosms with pozzolan substrate, with five native helophytes (Alisma lanceolatum, Carex cuprina, Epilobium hirsutum, Iris pseudacorus, and Juncus inflexus) from the "Les Paluns" wetland (Marignane, 13). Plant growth and development parameters were monitored during 113 days of exposure to mixtures of OPM and/or MM, with the maximum concentrations ten times over the limits of European quality standards. MM concentrations in belowground and aboveground plant parts and rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed at the end of the study. Results confirmed the system depurative efficiency and provided an insight into the interactions between plants, substrate, pollutants and microorganisms, and an assessment of their effects on phytoremediation processes. Results encourage the use of C. cuprina for MM phytoaccumulation and for phytostimulation, and of E. hirsutum as a bioindicator in constructed wetlands. Finally, a bioindication tool was created to assist the constructed wetland integration in the industrialized territory, as a complement of a sociological approach. The thesis led to the implementation of three experimental eco-filters upstream from the Les Paluns wetland, in order to test in naturae the tools developed and to have a pilote site for the Mediterranean basin
Gruyer, Nicolas. "Traitement biologique des effluents de serre par des marais filtrants artificiels et des bioréacteurs passifs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28986/28986.pdf.
Full textMaurice, Nicolas. "Les zones de rejet végétalisées de grande taille : observation et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2022_0091_MAURICE.pdf.
Full textDespite regulations, the anthropic pollution (nitrogen, phosphorus, trace elements (TE), pharmaceuticals, faecal coliforms, etc.) related to urban wastewater (wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and urban stormwater runoff (USR)) is not negligible because it weakens aquatic ecosystems and it can be harmful for human health. In order to minimize its impact, the amount of pollutants must be reduced. Wetlands are wonders of nature and are often describe as Earth's kidney due to their capacity to filter pollutants, so they would be interesting candidates. Unfortunately, they have been in decline for several centuries (13 % of 17th century wetlands still remain at the beginning of the 21th century. This is why in 2011 the AZHUREV project (Aménagement d'une Zone Humide à Reims pour l'Épuration et le Vivant) was born. This project allowed the implementation of a large scale (6 ha) surface-flow constructed wetland (CW) (first water supply in 2017) at the outlet of the Grand Reims WWTP (capacity of 450,000 population equivalents). It is composed of three basins of 2 ha fed in parallel, by part of the effluents of the WWTP (10%), or by the USR (25 %) during rainy events, to improve the quality of these waters before their discharge into the environment. Initially these basins were different because of the quantity and type of emergent vegetation planted (Phragmites australis, Glyceria maxima, Scirpus lacustris). Today, there is no more difference because the proportion of planted plants has drastically decreased, P. australis being the only species still present, to the benefit of opportunistic species (submerged or floating). These basins were able to reduce the concentration of many compounds through various processes, oxidation/reduction (nitrogen, TE), precipitation/coprecipitation with carbonates and hydrogen sulphide (TE), biodegradation or photodegradation (pharmaceuticals, faecal coliforms), adsorption to sediments (TE and pharmaceuticals), or uptake by plants (nitrogen and phosphorus). Bacteria and aquatic plants are responsible for most of these mechanisms. Thus, the basins are better able to remove pollutants in summer due to the higher temperatures and longer days. Bacterial activity has a direct effect on pollutants and the bacterial genera found at the outlet of the CW take part in the nitrogen, sulphur and carbon cycles. Whereas the effect of plants is more indirect by promoting bacterial development (source of carbon and energy, support for the biofilm) and by bringing organic matter (adsorption site for pollutants) into the sediment during senescence. These plants are also a source of food (submerged or floating plants), a habitat and/or nesting area (emergent plants) for many wild animals, whether they are considered "harmful" (muskrat or coypu) or not (swan, coot, duck, grebe, frog, dragonfly, damselfly, gammarid, snail, etc.). Therefore, this CW offers two advantages: it improves the quality of urban water before it is discharged into the receiving environment and it provides food and shelter for many animal species that depend on this type of environment. The interconnection of the multiple variables measured has been transcribed into a conceptual model. These results are encouraging for a possible extension of the CW
Lévesque, Vicky. "Potentiel des marais filtrants à traiter les effluents de serre issus d'une culture de tomate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28453/28453.pdf.
Full textNuel, Maximilien. "Devenir des résidus médicamenteux et de leur métabolites au sein des Zones de Rejet Végétalisées (ZRV)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD022.
Full textWastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) are considered as one of the most important pharmaceutical compound discharges into the environment. Since 2009, French Water Agencies, promote Surface Flow Treatment Wetlands (SFTWs) at the outlet of WWTPs, between the WWTP and the receiving aquatic environment but their removal efficiencies are not well investigated. To overcome these lacks of knowledge, pollutant removal efficiencies of 2 WWTP and their SFTW were monitoring during 2 years. ln regard to pharmaceutical compounds (86), SFTW removal efficiency rates ranged from 30 to 70% with maximum values in summer and minimum values in winter. The SFTW removal efficiency contributions to WWTP were inferior to 30%. ln addition, SFTW inflow reductions were correlated with an increase of drug compound concentrations in the outflow. Furthermore, there was a specific absorption of these micro pollutants by plants whereas there were dynamic interactions between sampled mud and drugs residues with an adsorption during summer and a release during winter
Moezzibadi, Mohammad. "Transfert de masse en milieux poreux : modélisation, analyse de sensibilité et estimation de paramètres appliquées à deux études de cas." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD034/document.
Full textSensitivity analyses and parameter estimation are applied to mass transfer in porous media for two remediation facilities. The first part is devoted to the sensitivity analysis of groundwater flows in a modeling of drain-aquifer exchanges to highlight the differences between the two implemented methods of discretization. The second part is dedicated to the modeling of the flow in a variably saturated porous medium in a stormwater constructed wetland, to the calibration of van Genuchten-Mualem parameters and to the evaluation of its efficiency in the reproduction of piezometric data collected on the Ostwaldergraben site. The temporal variability of the hydrodynamic parameters, including the hysteresis effect, shows that the characteristics of the filter layer alters along time. Both studies are carried using automatic differentiation
Nehmtow, Julie. "Evaluation des potentialités de traitement par phytoépuration du lisier de porc en région PACA : paramètres chimiques, microbiologiques et macrophytiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4780.
Full textThe aim of the thesis was to develop a treatment process of pig manure by constructed wetland (CW) and designed in order to be adapted to the Mediterranean climate constraints and those of pig farmers. However hog manure has concentrations above 2 g.l-1 of ammonium (NH4+), toxic to the plants. It is therefore necessary to establish a slurry pre-treatment step. The thesis has included experiments including pre-treatment of pig slurry by continuous aeration (30 days) to small (12 liters) and medium scale (300 liters). Commercial products for microbial seeding were also used. The results showed that the aeration of pig manure did allow lower concentrations of NH4+ below plant tolerance threshold. However, the ammonia volatilization process appears to be the leading cause behind the observed reductions (inhibition phenomenom). No effect could be demonstrated for microbial treatments. During meso-scale experiments, the CW was amended with the pre-treated slurry (mesocosms made of a vertical flow filter followed by a horizontal flow filter). As a first step, the high phenotypic variability of macrophytes (taken from the natural environment) in experimental system was illustrated and discussed. After manure application, the selected plant species (Carex hispida, Typha latifolia, Carex cuprina Iris pseudacorus, Alisma lanceolatum and Juncus effusus) have presented different responses, emphasizing the importance of multi-species selection for the CW. Finally, the first purifying results were conclusive. However the study of the underlying purifying processes has highlighted the issue of sustainability of these phenomena
Nuel, Maximilien. "Devenir des résidus médicamenteux et de leur métabolites au sein des Zones de Rejet Végétalisées (ZRV)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD022/document.
Full textWastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) are considered as one of the most important pharmaceutical compound discharges into the environment. Since 2009, French Water Agencies, promote Surface Flow Treatment Wetlands (SFTWs) at the outlet of WWTPs, between the WWTP and the receiving aquatic environment but their removal efficiencies are not well investigated. To overcome these lacks of knowledge, pollutant removal efficiencies of 2 WWTP and their SFTW were monitoring during 2 years. ln regard to pharmaceutical compounds (86), SFTW removal efficiency rates ranged from 30 to 70% with maximum values in summer and minimum values in winter. The SFTW removal efficiency contributions to WWTP were inferior to 30%. ln addition, SFTW inflow reductions were correlated with an increase of drug compound concentrations in the outflow. Furthermore, there was a specific absorption of these micro pollutants by plants whereas there were dynamic interactions between sampled mud and drugs residues with an adsorption during summer and a release during winter