Academic literature on the topic 'ZOOLOGICAL CODE'
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Journal articles on the topic "ZOOLOGICAL CODE":
1
Hemming, Francis. "INTERNATIONAL, CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE." Ibis 94, no. 3 (April 3, 2008): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1952.tb01868.x.
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Löbl, Ivan. "On inconsistency in, and undesirable side effects of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature." Bionomina 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2015): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.8.1.3.
Abstract:
The 1999 edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999; hereafter referred to as the Code) provides guidance to all users of zoological nomina (names of taxa) that have been established and are regulated. Its rules and recommendations are widely respected, in particular by taxonomists and editors who so assure its universality. The zoological nomenclature is a language that actually contains millions of words, i.e. the nomina of taxa, and this number increases daily. Dealing with such numbers is a challenge and it is not surprising that also conflicts arise. In fact, the effects of the provisions and recommendations of the Code may be in practice opposite to the goals of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature as declared within the Code.
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Oren, Aharon, and George M. Garrity. "Proposal to change General Consideration 5 and Principle 2 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_1 (January 1, 2014): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059568-0.
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A proposal is submitted to the ICSP to change the wording of General Consideration 5 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), deleting the words Schizophycetes, Cyanophyceae and Cyanobacteria from the groups of organisms whose nomenclature is covered by the Code. It is further proposed to change the terms Zoological Code and International Code of Botanical Nomenclature in General Consideration 5 and in Principle 2 to International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, respectively.
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Ferraris, Carl J., and William N. Eschmeyer. "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: Fourth Edition." Copeia 2000, no. 3 (August 2000): 907–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0907:br]2.0.co;2.
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King, M., W. D. L. Ride, Curtis W. Sabrosky, Georges Bernardi, and R. V. Melville. "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [Book Review]." Beagle : Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 2, no. 1 (1985): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.262834.
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RIBEIRO, GUILHERME CUNHA, CARLOS JOSÉ EINICKER LAMAS, and LEISA NATHALIE SILVA DE AZEVEDO. "A catalogue of the types of Limoniidae and Tipulidae (Diptera: Tipulomorpha) in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil." Zootaxa 1497, no. 1 (June 4, 2007): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1497.1.1.
Abstract:
Following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a catalogue of the type-specimens of Tipulomorpha (Diptera) held in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil (MZSP), is provided, with information on 118 types (including 72 primary types) of 89 Neotropical (mostly Brazilian) taxa of the families Limoniidae and Tipulidae.
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CARLOS, CAIO J., and JEAN-FRANÇOIS VOISIN. "A few remarks on the proposed amendment of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication." Zootaxa 2198, no. 1 (August 14, 2009): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2198.1.7.
Abstract:
The purpose of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter ‘the Code’) is to promote nomenclatural stability. If the Rules are changed every tenth year or so, Zoological Nomenclature will have to adapt each time to the new rules, which will be a source of instability. Another thing will be that the taxonomists will have to consider each time under which edition of the Code nomenclatural acts will have been done, which will unnecessarily complicate his work, and will even be a cause of mistakes. We do not think that a new Code is necessary, for the moment at least.
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TILBURY, COLIN R., KRYSTAL A. TOLLEY, and William R. Branch. "Corrections to species names recently placed in Kinyongia and Nadzikambia (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)." Zootaxa 1426, no. 1 (March 15, 2007): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1426.1.6.
Abstract:
In accordance with the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) , the gender of the species names must be the same as that of the genus name.
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Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Sarah Siqueira Oliveira, and Carlos José Einicker Lamas. "Catalogue of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (June 20, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.27.
Abstract:
Following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this paper provides a catalogue of the type specimens of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) held in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). Label data and the condition of 21 type specimens (two holotypes and 19 paratypes) of two Neotropical species is provided. Photographs of the male terminalia of the holotypes are also presented.
10
Dubois, Alain. "What is an anonymous publication? Is the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature anonymous?" Bionomina 9, no. 1 (December 24, 2015): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.9.1.2.
Abstract:
In the recent years, it has been debated whether the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature should be cited as ‘Anonymous’ or as having an ‘author’, i.e. the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. This question is addressed here, starting with the meaning of the term ‘anonymous’ in common language as well as in the Glossary of the Code: in both cases, it designates a work which does not contain, in its original edition, any information about the name(s) of the person(s) responsible for its authorship. A collective body like the Commission is not a person, and therefore not eligible as an ‘author’ in the sense of the Glossary of the Code. The Code is a text that provides Rules for the regulation of zoological nomenclature, and the format of bibliographic references in publications is not a matter of nomenclature but of editorial policy, and therefore out the scope of the Code. It is suggested that a flexible attitude be adopted. This question should be left at the discretion of authors and editors and the Code should not interfere with it. Several possible formats for the citation of the Code are presented. This paper also proposes a distinction between two categories of ‘anonymous’ works.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ZOOLOGICAL CODE":
1
Чи, Ц., and T. Chi. "Зоологический код в обеспечении межкультурной / межъязыковой коммуникации (на примере фразеологических единиц с компонентом зоонимом в китайском, русском и английском языках) : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/100786.
Abstract:
Тема выпускной квалификационной работы – «Зоологический код в обеспечении межкультурной / межъязыковой коммуникации (на примере фразеологических единиц с компонентом зоонимом в китайском, русском и английском языках)». Цель данного исследования – выявить национально-культурные и универсальные составляющие зоологического кода на примере фразеологизмов с компонентом-зоонимом в китайском, русском и английском языках, способствующие обеспечению адекватного переводческого процесса при межкультурной коммуникации в обозначенной триаде языков. Объектом исследования данной работы являются фразеологические единицы с компонентом-зоонимом в китайском, русском и английском языках. В исследовании используется сопоставительный метод, позволяющий определить национально-культурные и универсальные образно-коннотативные особенности фразеологических единиц с компонентом-зоонимом в трёх вышеупомянутых языках.The topic of the present graduation thesis is “Zoological code in ensuring intercultural / interlingual communication (on the example of phraseological units with zoonym in Chinese, Russian and English)”. The purpose of the investigation lies in revealing the national-cultural and universal components of the zoological code using the example of phraseological units with zoonym in Chinese, Russian and English, which contribute to ensuring an adequate translation process for intercultural communication in the three languages. The subject of the research is phraseological units with zoonym in Chinese, Russian and English. The research uses a comparative method to determine the national-cultural and universal figuratively connotative features of phraseological units with zoonym in the three above-mentioned languages. The results of the research may be used in the process of mutual translation between Chinese, English, and Russian languages; in lexicographic practice for compiling a trilingual dictionary of zoonyms; in the classes of linguoculturology and intercultural communication, as well as for the purpose of teaching Russian to foreign students.
2
du, Preez Byron Dennis. "The impact of intraguild competition with lion (Panthera leo) on leopard (Panthera pardus) behavioural ecology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6c17014e-2c58-40e5-866e-d1ce88fe0e89.
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Single-species research dominates the field of ecology; however there is a growing appreciation of the importance of a multi-species approach to holistic conservation. Carnivores exert a top-down control on other species, and are vital components of stable ecosystem functioning. Physiologically adapted for predation upon other animals, competition between carnivores can be particularly aggressive; frequently resulting in mortality, and even population suppression. Big cat research has historically focused on those species that are most easily observable; in particular the lion Panthera leo. The majority of the Felidae however are secretive and elusive, and receive relatively little scientific attention. In particular, there are few data available that measure the effect of direct intraguild interactions between carnivores. Using leopards Panthera pardus as a model species, this research aimed to investigate the impact of lions on the behavioural ecology of a socially subordinate carnivore. Leopards are the most abundant large carnivore in Africa, and have the largest global range of all felids; their ecological niche overlapping with that of both lions and tigers. The knowledge gained from examining their competitive interactions is therefore widely relevant, and may be applicable to other subordinate carnivore species that remain unstudied. Biotelemetry and camera-trap data were modelled using novel algorithms to show that lions impact on leopard population density, demographics and spatial ecology. Faecal analyses suggest that dietary niche segregation may facilitate sympatry. These results indicate the level of impact that large carnivores can exert over smaller species, and the potential for a focus on single-species conservation to undermine holistic conservation. The manifestation of intraguild competition has a significant influence on an animal’s ecology; leopards are generalist species that cope with persecution by adapting their behaviour and niche. Ecological specialists may not fare as well under competitive pressure, and proactive conservation initiatives may be required for endangered species.
3
Ota, Rafaela Priscila. "Revisão taxonômica e filogenia morfológica de Metynnis Cope, 1878 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2015. http://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2113.
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license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T13:14:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tese.pdf: 150903268 bytes, checksum: 1e56ef113b9b81689ae6d588a5a2c60d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-16
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
A taxonomic review of the species of Metynnis was conducted, using 24 morphometric variables and 17 meristics, of approximately 1,000 specimens, corroborated by the analysis of 139 sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Twelve species were redescribed: M. altidorsalis, M. anisurus, M. cuiaba, M. fasciatus, M. guaporensis, M. hypsauchen, M. lippincottianus, M. longipinnis, M. luna, M. maculatus, M. mola and M. otuquensis, besides the description of two new species. Additionally, M. argenteus and M. eigenmanni were considered junior synonyms of M. altidorsalis; M. polystictus was considered junior synonym of M. anisurus; and M. orinocensis a junior synonym of M. hypsauchen. The former status of M. calichromus schreitmuelleri, M. calichromus, M. ehrhardti and M. orinocensis as junior synonyms of M. hypsauchen; and M. orbicularis, M. goeldii, M. roosevelti, M. snethlageae, M. heinrothi, M. seitzi and M. dungerni as junior synonyms of M. lippincottianus was confirmed. The parsimony analysis of phylogenetic relationships among species of Metynnis was conducted with 193 morfological characters and 56 terminal taxa and corroborated the genus monophyly, supported by 17 synapomorphies, from which four are excluvise. The final hypothesis resulted from the calculation of a strict consensus tree containing two major monophyletic clades. The first is composed by M. mola, M. cuiaba, M. otuquensis, M. altidorsalis, M. maculatus, M. anisurus and M. lippincottianus; and the second by M. guaporensis, M. luna, M. fasciatus, M. hypsauchen, M. longipinnis, Metynnis sp. n. 1 and Metynnis sp. n. 2. Additionally, the genus was recoverd as the sister group of a clade composed by Catoprion, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycon, Pygopristis and Serrasalmus. Therefore, we reduced the number of valid Metynnis species to 12, besides the description of two new species to science, and provided a phylogenetical relationships hypothesis amog them. The examination of a large number of specimens made possible a detailed description of color in life, sexual dimorphism and information about ontogenetic variation amog several Metynnis species.
A revisão taxonômica das espécies de Metynnis foi realizada, utilizando 24 variáveis morfométricas e 17 merísticas, contemplando a análise de cerca de 1.000 exemplares, confirmada pelo exame de 139 sequências do gene mitocondrial citocromo c oxidase subunidade I. Foram redescritas doze espécies: M. altidorsalis, M. anisurus, M. cuiaba, M. fasciatus, M. guaporensis, M. hypsauchen, M. lippincottianus, M. longipinnis, M. luna, M. maculatus, M. mola e M. otuquensis, além da descrição de duas novas espécies. Adicionalmente, M. argenteus e M. eigenmanni foram consideradas sinônimos júniores de M. altidorsalis; M. polystictus foi considerada sinônimo júnior de M. anisurus; e M. orinocensis sinônimo júnior e M. hypsauchen. Foi confirmado o status de M. calichromus schreitmuelleri, M. calichromus, M. ehrhardti e M. orinocensis como sinônimos juniores de M. hypsauchen; e M. orbicularis, M. goeldii, M. roosevelti, M. snethlageae, M. heinrothi, M. seitzi e M. dungerni como sinônimos juniores de M. lippincottianus. A análise de parcimônia das relações filogenéticas das espécies de Metynnis, baseada em 193 caracteres morfológicos e 56 táxons terminais, corroborou a monofilia do gênero, suportada por 17 sinapomorfias, das quais quatro são exclusivas. A hipótese de relacionamento resultou do cáculo de uma árvore de consenso estrito contendo dois grandes clados monofiléticos. O primeiro é composto por M. mola, M. cuiaba, M. otuquensis, M. altidorsalis, M. maculatus, M. anisurus e M. lippincottianus; e o segundo por M. guaporensis, M. luna, M. fasciatus, M. hypsauchen, M. longipinnis, Metynnis sp. n. 1 e Metynnis sp. n. 2. Adicionalmente, o gênero foi recuperado como grupo irmão do clado composto por Catoprion, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycon, Pygopristis e Serrasalmus. Assim, reduzimos para 12 o número de espécies consideradas válidas, além da descrição de duas novas espécies para ciência, e fornecemos uma hipótese de relacionamento filogenético entre elas. O exame de um grande número de espécimes também permitiu a descrição detalhada de colorido em vida, dimorfismo sexual e informações sobre variações ontogenéticas em diversas espécies de Metynnis.
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Perdiguero, Alonso Diana. "Parasite communities of the European Cod "Comunidades parásitas de Bacalao en aguas de Europa"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10352.
Abstract:
The structure of the metazoan parasite faunas and communities in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., from six NE Atlantic regions [Baltic, Celtic, Irish and North seas, Icelandic waters and Trondheimsfjord (Norway) and two fish farms in Iceland and Scotland] has been studied. 1,254 fish were sampled in the NE Atlantic during 2002-2003. Altogether 57 parasite taxa were found. The predominant groups in regional parasite faunas were the trematodes (19 species) and the nematodes (13 species). Nine parasite species were found for the first time in cod (Diclidophora merlangi, Rhipidocotyle sp., Fellodistomum sp., Steringotrema sp., Schistocephalus gasterostei, Cucullanus sp., Spinitectus sp., Acanthochondria soleae and Chondracanthus ornatus). Contracaecum osculatum, Hysterothylacium aduncum and Echinorhynchus gadi were the only parasite species found to infect farmed fish. Regional parasite faunas showed lower richness with respect to the total list (c. 65%) with a notable decrease in the Baltic Sea and Trondheimsfjord (21 and 32%, respectively). Eleven species were present in all regions: Lepidapedon elongatum, Anisakis simplex, C. osculatum, H. aduncum, H. rigidum, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Ascarophis crassicollis, Capillaria gracilis, Corynosoma semerme, C. strumosum and E. gadi. Despite of the small size of the monogenean D. merlangi recovered in the present study, the Analysis of Principal Components showed that morphologically they are more similar to D. merlangi from whiting (Merlangius merlangus, type-host), than to other congeneric species from the North Atlantic, thus supporting their assignment to D. merlangi. The aspect and smaller size of the oöcytes suggested that D. merlangi on cod could not produce viable ova, although a specimen exhibited an egg with normally sized and shaped shell. The most species rich and abundant parasite communities were observed in cod from the open water regions (Celtic, North and Irish seas and Icelandic waters). Overall, parasite infracommunities exhibited lower predictability than component communities, due to the fact that only a restricted set of the species contributing to the similarity between component communities exhibited high abundance and dominated infracommunities. The multivariate techniques applied to examine similarity patterns of component communities across regions exhibited good agreement and detected distinct compositional segregation of those in cod from the two low-salinity regions. The highest homogeneity with respect to the composition and structure of parasite communities was observed Celtic, Irish and North Sea cods. Decay of similarity with geographical distance was observed in component communities but not in regional parasite faunas, the higher homogenisation of the latter being related to the migratory behaviour of cod and the domination of generalist parasites widely distributed. The spatial compositional autocorrelation exhibited by component communities and the substantially higher rates of similarity decay compared to other marine fish systems indicate that communities in cod are strongly constrained by the spatial configuration of locations and the dispersal abilities of parasites. Nested subset analyses revealed non-random patterns of faunal/community composition with poor faunas from low-salinity regions (Baltic Sea and Trondheimsfjord) nested in the richer faunas/communities from the high-salinity open water regions. The comparison of the learning behaviour of the three classification approaches, Random Forests (RF), Linear Discriminant Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks, using the same version of the parasite community data, revealed that RF appears as the best classifier. Anisakid nematodes, C. cirratus, D. varicus, H. communis, E. gadi, and C. adunca were selected as important for RF model development. The high accuracy of the predictive models developed for the Baltic and Icelandic samples indicate that the populations of these stocks can be confidently differentiated from the other stocks studied in the NE Atlantic. These results suggest that parasite community data can be used successfully to discriminate cod populations (putative stocks) of the NE Atlantic cod using RF.La composición y estructura de la fauna de parásitos metazoos del bacalao, Gadus morhua, es el objeto del presente estudio. Se recolectaron 1.254 peces durante 2002-03 procedentes de 6 áreas de pesca del Atlántico Nororiental (mares Báltico, Celta, de Irlanda y del Norte, Islandia y el fiordo de Trondheim), así como 2 granjas marinas situadas en Islandia y Escocia. Se recolectó una fauna rica formada por 57 taxones parásitos diferentes. Siete especies, Diclidophora merlangi, Rhipidocotyle sp., Fellodistomum sp., Steringotrema sp., Cucullanus sp., Spinitectus sp. y Chondracanthus ornatus son primeras citas en este hospedador. Once especies estuvieron presentes en las parasitofaunas de las 6 regiones naturales estudiadas: Lepidapedon elongatum, Anisakis simplex, C. osculatum, H. aduncum, H. rigidum, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Ascarophis crassicollis Capillaria gracilis, Corynosoma semerme, C. strumosum y Echinorhynchus gadi. Las comunidades parásitas de bacalao de las regiones de baja salinidad (mar Báltico y fiordo de Trondheim) estuvieron caracterizadas por las más bajas riquezas, abundancias y diversidades. La sincronización espacial de la composición de las comunidades componentes y las mayores tasas de declive de similitud exhibidas en comparación otras comunidades, indican que las comunidades componentes están fuertemente comprometidas por la configuración espacial de las regiones y la facilidad de dispersión de los parásitos. La ausencia de aleatoriedad en la composición de las faunas y comunidades componentes estuvo claramente relacionada con la salinidad: las comunidades empobrecidas de las regiones de baja salinidad estaban anidadas dentro de las faunas y comunidades más ricas de las regiones de mayor salinidad en mar abierto. La comparación del comportamiento de la metodología de clasificación de grupos, "Random Forests" (RF), con otros algoritmos, Análisis Discriminante Linear y las Redes Neurales Artificiales, utilizando los mismos datos recolectados en las cinco regiones del Atlántico nororiental, reveló que RF era la mejor herramienta de clasificación. Los nematodos anisáquidos fueron identificados como "importantes" para desarrollar los modelos junto con otras especies como Cucullanus cirratus, D. varicus, Hemiurus communis, E. gadi y Clavella adunca. Los buenos resultados de discriminación obtenidos, incluso para este pez migratorio, reflejan el elevado potencial de RF para desarrollar modelos predictivos usando datos que son complejos y "ruidosos".
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Franceschini, Andr? Franco. "Revis?o do g?nero Appula Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Elaphidionini)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2000. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/172.
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Previous issue date: 2000-06-12Apresenta-se a revis?o taxon?mica do g?nero Appula Thomson, 1864 com a redescri??o das sete esp?cies conhecidas: A. aliena Martins, 1981; A. argenteoapicalis Fuchs, 1961; A. lateralis (White, 1853); A. melancholica Gounelle, 1909; A. nigripes Bates, 1960; A. sericatula Gounelle, 1909; A. undulans (White, 1853). Mais tr?s esp?cies novas s?o descritas: do Brasil, A. diamantinensis (Par?, Mato Grosso) e A. santarensis (Par?); do Peru e do Brasil (Mato Grosso, Goi?s), A. eduardae. As esp?cies foram ilustradas e separadas em chave. A genit?lia de machos e f?meas foi estudada pela primeira vez para as esp?cies de Appula.
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Napoli, Marcelo Felgueiras. "Taxonomia, variação morfológica e distribuição geográfica das espécies do grupo Hyla circumdata (Cope, 1870) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3536.
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CAPES
O grupo de Hyla circumdata é correntemente composto por onze espécies distribuídas em regiões serranas providas de córregos de montanha em ambientes de Floresta Atlântica, com altimetrias acima de 500 m. Este grupo é atualmente diagnosticado pela presença de faixas transversais na face posterior da coxa e pré-pólex hipertrofiado em machos adultos. Contudo, esta diagnose engloba outros grupos, como os de H. boans e de H. martinsi. A análise da morfologia externa de espécimes adultos, incluindo quinze caracteres morfométricos, girinos, vocalização, história natural e distribuição geográfica revelaram extrema variação intra e interpopulacional em alguns táxons do referido grupo, incluindo complexos gradientes de variação geográfica. Caracteres morfológicos, osteológicos e de história natural foram adicionados à diagnose do grupo em questão, objetivando-se eliminar sobreposições às diagnoses de grupos afins. Pela morfologia e hábitos, H. ibitiguara Cardoso, 1983 foi retirada do grupo de H. circumdata e agrupada com H. pseudopseudis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937 e H. saxicola Bokermann, 1964. Hyla martinsi Bokermann, 1964 passa a constituir grupo à parte com H. langei Bokermann, 1965, caracterizado por apresentar espécimes com espinha umeral e pré-pólex bífido. Hyla clepsydra A. Lutz, 1925 e H. claresignata Lutz & Lutz, 1939 igualmente passam a compor grupo distinto, agrupados pela morfologia singular e girinos especializados a ambientes lóticos. Os grupos de H. pulchella e H. alvarengai foram mantidos independentes do grupo de H. circumdata por apresentarem, entre outras características...
The Hyla circumdata species group currently comprises eleven species, which are distributed over mountain stream habitats in Atlantic Tropical Forest, with altimetric range over 500 m. This group is diagnosed by transverse bands on the posterior surface of thighs and hypertrophied prepollex. However, this diagnosis comprises other groups, as H. boans and H. martinsi species groups. The analysis of external morphology of adult specimens, including fifteen morphometric characters, tadpoles, vocalization, natural history, and geographic distribution, revealed considerable intra- and interpopulation variation of some taxa, including geographic gradients of variation not easy to understand. Morphological characters, osteology, and natural history were added to the original diagnosis of H. circumdata species group, in order to avoid superpositions with allied species groups. Hyla ibitiguara was removed from the H. circumdata species group by general morphology and habits, and grouped with H. pseudopseudis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937 and H. saxicola Bokermann, 1964. Hyla martinsi Bokermann, 1964 and H. langei Bokermann, 1965 were grouped together, characterized by developed humeral crest and bifid prepollex. Hyla clepsydra A. Lutz, 1925 and H. claresignata Lutz and Lutz, 1939 were grouped together, characterized by distinct external characters in adults and stream-adapted tadpoles. The H. pulchella and H. alvarengai species groups were not combined with H. circumdata species group, mainly by differences...
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Bührnheim, Cristina Motta. "Sistemática de odontostilbe cope, 1870 com a proposição de uma nova tribo odontostilbini e redefinição dos gêneros incertae sedis de cheirodontinae (ostariophysi: characiformes: characidae)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5375.
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Previous issue date: 2006The subfamily Cheirodontinae comprises about 50 valid species, being a group of characids widely distributed in South and Central Americas, occurring in the major hydrographic basins of South America (Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná-Paraguay and São Francisco basins), besides including representatives of the transandinean genus Cheirodon from Chile. Among 15 genera recognized to the monophyletic subfamily Cheirodontinae by Malabarba (1998), five remained incertae sedis: Odontostilbe Cope (1870) with Holoshesthes Eigenmann, 1903 as synonym, Aphyocheirodon Eigenmann, 1915, Pseudocheirodon Meek & Hildebrand, 1916, Prodontocharax Pearson, 1924 with Amblystilbe Fowler, 1940 as synonym, and Cheirodontops Schultz, 1944. Odontostilbe was notable containing about ten valid species (Malabarba, 2003), the highest number of species among all the remaining Cheirodontinae (followed by Serrapinnus with seven species). The taxonomic status of Odontostilbe was confusing, with the holotype of the type species Odontostilbe fugitiva referred as lost, and this species being weakly defined by lateral line complete and multicuspid teeth. In this study, the main goal was the taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Odontostilbe, which jointly leaded to the revisions of the Holoshesthes, Aphyocheirodon and Cheirodontops. In all, Odontostilbe Cope (1870) is redefined with 15 species recognized to the genus, 10 new species. The phylogenetic analysis with 53 taxa, 28 species of Cheirodontinae and 15 species of Odontostilbe, resulted in the definition of a new tribe Odontostilbini with 26 species recognized in the genera Odontostilbe, Holoshesthes, Prodontocharax, Amblystilbe, Pseudocheirodon, and Lobodeuterodon Fowler, 1945.The new tribe is supported by thirteen synapomorphies related to modifications of the sensory canals of the parietal and first infraorbital and the shape of the second and sixth infraorbitals, palatine, anterodorsal border of maxilla, a ridge laterally on lower jaw, exposed lateral portion of lower branch of anguloarticular, posteriormost branchiostegal, to the length of the unbranched pelvic-fin ray, to the anal-fin profile and extent of the lateral line. However, the interrelationships of the species and genera of Odontostilbini are not clear and the monophyly of Odontostilbe is not established. Even though, three monophyletic lineages are distinguished in Odontostilbini: the clade corresponding to Holoshesthes with six species and Aphyocheirodon and Cheirodontops as its junior synonyms; the clade Pseudocheirodon with two species; and the clade Lobodeuterodon + (Prodontocharax + Amblystilbe) with three species. Holoshesthes is revalidated. Odontostilbe is valid and conservatively includes several species in a basal polytomy of the tribe, including the type species of the genus. A new member to the Cheirodontini tribe was found, Axelrodia lindeae.
A subfamília Cheirodontinae compreende cerca de 50 espécies válidas, sendo um grupo de caracídeos de ampla distribuição geográfica nas Américas do Sul e Central, presente em todas as bacias hidrográficas maiores da América do Sul (Amazônica, Orinoco, Paraná-Paraguay e São Francisco) e ainda com representantes do gênero Cheirodon transandinos no Chile. Dentre 15 gêneros reconhecidos na subfamília monofilética Cheirodontinae por Malabarba (1998), cinco permaneceram incertae sedis: Odontostilbe Cope (1870) com Holoshesthes Eigenmann, 1903 como sinônimo, Aphyocheirodon Eigenmann, 1915, Pseudocheirodon Meek & Hildebrand, 1916, Prodontocharax Pearson, 1924 com Amblystilbe Fowler, 1940 como sinônimo, e Cheirodontops Schultz, 1944. Odontostilbe destacava-se com cerca de dez espécies consideradas válidas (Malabarba, 2003), o maior número de espécies entre todos os gêneros de Cheirodontinae (seguido de Serrapinnus com sete espécies). A situação taxonômica de Odontostilbe era confusa, com o holótipo da espécie tipo Odontostilbe fugitiva referido como perdido e esta espécie fracamente definida por linha lateral completa e dentes multicúspides. No presente estudo, o objetivo principal foi a revisão taxonômica e filogenia de Odontostilbe, que juntamente levou às revisões de Holoshesthes, Aphyocheirodon e Cheirodontops. No total, Odontostilbe Cope (1870) é redefinido com o reconhecimento de 15 espécies para o gênero, 10 novas. A análise filogenética com 53 táxons, 28 espécies de Cheirodontinae e 15 espécies de Odontostilbe, resultou na definição de uma nova tribo Odontostilbini com 26 espécies reconhecidos nos gêneros Odontostilbe, Holoshesthes, Prodontocharax, Amblystilbe, Pseudocheirodon, e Lobodeuterodon Fowler, 1945.A nova tribo é sustentada por treze sinapomorfias relacionadas a modificações dos canais sensoriais do parietal e do primeiro infraorbital, a forma do segundo e sexto infraorbitais, do palatino, do bordo anterodorsal da maxila, da protuberância lateral da maxila inferior, da parte lateral exposta do ramo inferior do ângulo-articular, do branquiostegal mais posterior, ao comprimento do raio não ramificado da nadadeira pélvica, ao perfil da nadadeira anal e a extensão da linha lateral. No entanto, inter-relações dos gêneros de Odontostilbini não são esclarecidas e Odontostilbe não tem sua monofilia estabelecida. Mesmo assim, três linhagens monofiléticas foram distinguidas em Odontostilbini: clado correspondente a Holoshesthes com seis espécies e Aphyocheirodon e Cheirodontops como seus sinônimos; clado Pseudocheirodon com duas espécies; e clado Lobodeuterodon + (Prodontocharax + Amblystilbe) com três espécies. Os gêneros Holoshesthes e Lobodeuterodon são removidos da sinonímia de Odontostilbe e Amblystilbe é removido da sinonímia de Prodontocharax. Holoshesthes é revalidado. Odontostilbe é válido e em uma posição conservadora inclui várias espécies em uma politomia basal da tribo, incluindo a espécie-tipo do gênero. Um novo membro para a tribo Cheirodontini foi encontrado, Axelrodia lindeae.
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B?hrnheim, Cristina Motta. "Sistem?tica de odontostilbe cope, 1870 com a proposi??o de uma nova tribo odontostilbini e redefini??o dos g?neros incertae sedis de cheirodontinae (ostariophysi: characiformes: characidae)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/138.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-30A subfam?lia Cheirodontinae compreende cerca de 50 esp?cies v?lidas, sendo um grupo de carac?deos de ampla distribui??o geogr?fica nas Am?ricas do Sul e Central, presente em todas as bacias hidrogr?ficas maiores da Am?rica do Sul (Amaz?nica, Orinoco, Paran?-Paraguay e S?o Francisco) e ainda com representantes do g?nero Cheirodon transandinos no Chile. Dentre 15 g?neros reconhecidos na subfam?lia monofil?tica Cheirodontinae por Malabarba (1998), cinco permaneceram incertae sedis: Odontostilbe Cope (1870) com Holoshesthes Eigenmann, 1903 como sin?nimo, Aphyocheirodon Eigenmann, 1915, Pseudocheirodon Meek & Hildebrand, 1916, Prodontocharax Pearson, 1924 com Amblystilbe Fowler, 1940 como sin?nimo, e Cheirodontops Schultz, 1944. Odontostilbe destacava-se com cerca de dez esp?cies consideradas v?lidas (Malabarba, 2003), o maior n?mero de esp?cies entre todos os g?neros de Cheirodontinae (seguido de Serrapinnus com sete esp?cies). A situa??o taxon?mica de Odontostilbe era confusa, com o hol?tipo da esp?cie tipo Odontostilbe fugitiva referido como perdido e esta esp?cie fracamente definida por linha lateral completa e dentes multic?spides. No presente estudo, o objetivo principal foi a revis?o taxon?mica e filogenia de Odontostilbe, que juntamente levou ?s revis?es de Holoshesthes, Aphyocheirodon e Cheirodontops. No total, Odontostilbe Cope (1870) ? redefinido com o reconhecimento de 15 esp?cies para o g?nero, 10 novas. A an?lise filogen?tica com 53 t?xons, 28 esp?cies de Cheirodontinae e 15 esp?cies de Odontostilbe, resultou na defini??o de uma nova tribo Odontostilbini com 26 esp?cies reconhecidos nos g?neros Odontostilbe, Holoshesthes, Prodontocharax, Amblystilbe, Pseudocheirodon, e Lobodeuterodon Fowler, 1945. A nova tribo ? sustentada por treze sinapomorfias relacionadas a modifica??es dos canais sensoriais do parietal e do primeiro infraorbital, a forma do segundo e sexto infraorbitais, do palatino, do bordo anterodorsal da maxila, da protuber?ncia lateral da maxila inferior, da parte lateral exposta do ramo inferior do ?ngulo-articular, do branquiostegal mais posterior, ao comprimento do raio n?o ramificado da nadadeira p?lvica, ao perfil da nadadeira anal e a extens?o da linha lateral. No entanto, inter-rela??es dos g?neros de Odontostilbini n?o s?o esclarecidas e Odontostilbe n?o tem sua monofilia estabelecida. Mesmo assim, tr?s linhagens monofil?ticas foram distinguidas em Odontostilbini: clado correspondente a Holoshesthes com seis esp?cies e Aphyocheirodon e Cheirodontops como seus sin?nimos; clado Pseudocheirodon com duas esp?cies; e clado Lobodeuterodon + (Prodontocharax + Amblystilbe) com tr?s esp?cies. Os g?neros Holoshesthes e Lobodeuterodon s?o removidos da sinon?mia de Odontostilbe e Amblystilbe ? removido da sinon?mia de Prodontocharax. Holoshesthes ? revalidado. Odontostilbe ? v?lido e em uma posi??o conservadora inclui v?rias esp?cies em uma politomia basal da tribo, incluindo a esp?cie-tipo do g?nero. Um novo membro para a tribo Cheirodontini foi encontrado, Axelrodia lindeae.
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BARROS, Rafael de Assis. "Ecologia trófica e espacial de Dendropsophus melanargyreus (Cope, 1887), D. minutus (Peters, 1871) e Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) (Anura: Hylidae) em um fragmento Florestal na Amazônia oriental." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8307.
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Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T16:38:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_EcologiaTroficaEspacial.pdf: 871595 bytes, checksum: 37dd504bab4b7c8a0049cca1218bf0da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20
CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Três fatores essenciais determinam o nicho principal das espécies: dieta, uso do espaço e tempo. Os nichos trófico e espacial desempenham um importante papel para o sucesso reprodutivo das espécies de anuros que coabitam ambientes restritos como as poças temporárias. As espécies alvo deste estudo são comuns em poças temporárias em áreas de fragmentos urbanos localizado na região leste da Amazônia. Com isso, nosso objetivo principal foi analisar como três espécies de hilídeos sintópicos, partilham os recursos tróficos e espaciais entre si, e que mecanismos utilizam para evitar uma possível competição. Para isso, utilizamos diversas medidas e análises de dieta e uso de hábitat, além de testar se as espécies são sensíveis a fatores ambientais e estruturais dos corpos d’água onde elas ocorrem. Nenhum dos fatores analisados (dieta, uso do espaço, fatores ambientais) foi limitante para a coexistência das espécies, sendo que não houve qualquer interação negativa entre elas. Os hilídeos estudados utilizam diversas estratégias as quais contribuem para diminuir a sobreposição entre si, como o uso de micro-habitats diferenciados, poleiros em diferentes alturas, poças com profundidades distintas, utilização de diferentes graus de importância alimentar para itens compartilhados pelas espécies, bem como, o uso de itens alimentares exclusivos de cada espécie. Além disso, os fatores ambientais e estruturais dos micro-habitats, influenciam diretamente na abundância de duas das espécies estudadas, regulando seu tamanho populacional e auxiliando no seu período reprodutivo.
Three key factors determine the main niche of the species: diet, use of space and time. The trophic and spatial niche show an important role in the reproductive success of frog species than cohabit restricted environments as temporary ponds. The target species of this study are common in temporary ponds in areas of urban fragments located in the eastern Amazon region. With this, our main objective were analyse how three species of sintopics hylids, share the trophic and spatial resources among themselves, and what mechanisms are used to avoid potential competition. For this, we use different measures and diet analyses and habitat use, and test whether the species are sensitive to environmental and structural factors in ponds where they occur. None of the factors (diet, use of space, influence of environmental factors) was limiting to the coexistence of the species, due no there are negative interaction between them. The studied hylids utilized several strategies than help reduce overlap among the species, how the use of different microhabitats, perches at different heights, ponds with different depths, using different degrees of food importance to items shared by species and the use of unique food items of each specie. In addition, environmental and structural factors of microhabitats, influence directly the abundance of two of the species studied, regulating their population size and auxiliary in their reproductive period.
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"Projeto de ensino de zoologia com extensão socio-educacional : elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de uma experiencia de ensino no Rio Grande do Sul." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2021. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000048641.
Books on the topic "ZOOLOGICAL CODE":
1
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. International code of zoological nomenclature. 4th ed. London: ICZN, 1999.
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Nomenclature, International Commission on Zoological. Code international de nomenclature zoologique, adoptáe par la xxe Assemblée Generale de l'Union Internationale des Sciences Biologiques =: International code of zoological nomenclature, adopted by the xx General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences. 3rd ed. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with British Museum (Natural History), 1985.
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Ride, W. D. L. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 3rd ed. Univ of California Pr, 1985.
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International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. University of California Press, 1985.
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International code of zoological nomenclature: Draft. Washington: American Association for Zoological Nomenclature, 1995.
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Nomenclature, International Commission on Zoological. International code of zoological nomenclature =: Code international de nomenclature zoologique. 4th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o Natural History Museum, 1999.
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Garnett, Stephen, and Donald Franklin, eds. Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108035.
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This is the first climate change adaptation plan produced for a national faunal group anywhere in the world. It outlines the nature of threats related to climate change for the Australian bird taxa most likely to be affected by climate change, and provides recommendations on what might be done to assist them and approximate costs of doing so. It also features an analysis of how climate change will affect all Australian birds, explains why some species are likely to be more exposed or sensitive to it than others, and explores the theory and practice of conservation management under the realities of a changing climate.
Species profiles include maps showing current core habitat and modelled climatic suitability based on historical records, as well as maps showing projected climatic suitability in 2085 in relation to current core habitat.
Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Australian Birds is an important reference for policy makers, conservation scientists, land managers, climate change adaptation biologists, as well as bird watchers and advocacy groups.
2014 Whitley Award Commendation for Zoological Management and Conservation Resource.
Book chapters on the topic "ZOOLOGICAL CODE":
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"Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy." In Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy, edited by Douglas F. Markle. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874509.ch8.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The 2015 special workshop on the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of Cutthroat Trout highlighted the need for a modern systematic revision of Cutthroat Trout. Pending such a revision, the consensus of this panel was that Cutthroat Trout taxonomy should be based on the unified species concept. The current classification of Cutthroat Trout is based on Benhke’s “major and minor subspecies,” which is incompatible both with the unified species concept, which logically excludes subspecies, and the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, which does not recognize major and minor subspecies. A compromise, interim classification is proposed, which captures Benhke’s ideas about Cutthroat Trout evolution and other recent information and retains trinomials for his “minor” subspecies, entities deserving re-evaluation in any subsequent systematic revision. Four species are recognized in this interim classification: Coastal Cutthroat Trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii</em>, Westslope Cutthroat Trout <em>O. lewisi</em>, Lahontan Cutthroat Trout <em>O. henshawi</em>, and Rocky Mountain Cutthroat Trout <em>O. virginalis</em>. The latter two contain recognized, named subspecies—<em>O. henshawi</em> with four (one extinct) and <em>O. virginalis</em> with seven (one extinct). Substantial nomenclatural problems are described, such that some common names are likely to be more stable than some scientific names until problems are resolved. Significant among these nomenclatural problems are the need to stabilize Rocky Mountain Cutthroat Trout <em>Salar virginalis</em> Girard with a neotype selection; the recognition of <em>Salmo stomias</em> Cope as a synonym of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout <em>Salar virginalis</em> Girard and, consequently, the absence of a scientific name for Greenback Cutthroat Trout; the high likelihood that <em>Salmo bouvieri</em> Bendire is not a Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout; the high likelihood that the surviving syntype of <em>Salmo pleuriticus</em> Cope is a Westslope Cutthroat Trout and not a Colorado River Cutthroat Trout; and the related need to stabilize <em>S. pleuriticus</em> Cope, either with a lectotype designation from the surviving syntype, which might place <em>S. pleuriticus</em> Cope as a synonym of Westslope Cutthroat Trout, or, if it can be justified, a neotype designation using a Colorado River specimen.
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Hodge, Thomas P. "Life at the Lek." In Hunting Nature, 150–79. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750847.003.0007.
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This chapter tackles the major works that brought Ivan Turgenev's most fertile period to a close: On the Eve, First Love, and Fathers and Children. It gives a detailed summary of the three novels, and discusses the hunter's conception of nesting and mating which dominates these final two chapters. The chapter investigates zoological, botanical, and celestial motifs as well as Turgenev's deft use of hunting lore, history, language, music, religion, philosophy, classical mythology, and folk culture to enrich his complex narratives. For Turgenev, mating is a moment when opposed elements come together, when the precise fulcrum of nature's balance is readily detectable, and the suitability of a potential mate is exposed.
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Lekan, Thomas M. "A Zookeeper’s Ecology." In Our Gigantic Zoo, 22–47. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199843671.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the early career of Bernhard Grzimek, who became the director of the Frankfurt Zoo in 1945 after serving as a veterinarian and agricultural minister for the Third Reich. Grzimek became famous for transforming the zoo from a bombed-out shell into one of Europe’s most successful zoological gardens by combining insights from ethology and ecology to help the animals thrive in captivity. Behind his carefully crafted public image as savior of animals, however, Grzimek revealed in memoirs and writings about animal behavior a much darker self, haunted by fears of extinction, eugenic decline, and wartime displacement that signaled an inability to come to terms with his and his country’s Nazi experience. Grzimek’s concern about the spread of Western “degeneracy” to Africa explains the urgency of his quest to save animals and their habitats there—and the indifference he often displayed toward local and indigenous peoples who stood in the way of his pursuit.