Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zoonoses – Dépistage – Québec (Province)'
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Messier, Valérie. "La séroprévalence des zoonoses au Nunavik : surveillance, identification des facteurs de risque et intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27743/27743.pdf.
Full textSampasa, Kanyinga Hugues. "Séroprévalence de neuf zoonoses dans deux communautés cries de la Baie-James (Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27067/27067.pdf.
Full textLarouche, Geneviève. "Le dépistage par mammographie chez les femmes ayant été testées pour les gènes BRCA1/2 : évaluation des méthodes de rapport et comparaison des taux d'utilisation après et avant le test génétique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27327.
Full textThis thesis aims to assess the effect of BRCA1/2 genetic testing on screening practices according to test results. Three studies were carried out. The participants in these studies were tested for genetic susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer in the INHERIT BRCAs (Interdisciplinary Health Research Team on BReast CAncer susceptibility) research program, conducted between 1998 and 2004. Self-reported and administrative data from the Quebec Health Insurance Board database (“Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec” (RAMQ)) for these participants were used. The results from the first two studies were used to support methodological choices in the main study. Since women who were tested for BRCA1/2 tend to overestimate their use of mammography, administrative data are preferable than self-reported information to assess their use of breast cancer screening. RAMQ data are thus considered as a better means of assessing mammography screening following genetic testing BRCA1/2, since specific procedure codes covering all mammography exams, whether done in a private clinic or hospital, can be tracked. Analyses of RAMQ data carried out in the main study suggest that BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and women with an inconclusive test result had more screening mammography after, than prior to, genetic testing. Conversely, non-carriers did not have more breast screening exams. In conclusion, this thesis has allowed a better understanding of the long-term use of mammography after BRCA1/2 genetic testing. It specifically showed that young female non-carriers, contrary to what was expected, do not change their use of mammography after genetic testing. These women could therefore benefit from interventions to improve their cancer screening to their specific level of risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer screening methods that are better adapted to cancer risk would contribute to optimizing utilisation of health resources. Indeed, a stratification risk approach to breast cancer and personalized screening measures should lead to changes in the current recommendations for breast cancer screening. The adherence of women and physicians to these new approaches will then need to be further evaluated.
Guertin, Marie-Hélène. "La qualité des mammographies dans le programme québécois de dépistage du cancer du sein, 2004-2005." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27312.
Full textObjectives: The main objective of the present study is to evaluate mammography quality of mammograms in daily practice of the Quebec breast cancer screening program. This study also aimed at identifying factors associated with mammography quality among characteristics of patients and technologists who perform the mammograms. The last objective was to evaluate if clinical image quality is associated with the false-positive rate. Methods: A random sample of 1,278 mammograms was drawn from all 394 190 mammograms realized in the program in 2004 and 2005. The mammograms were evaluated based on the criteria used by the Canadian Association of Radiologists. These criteria include an overall evaluation (pass/fail) and a detailed evaluation of positioning, compression, sharpness, contrast, exposure level and artifacts. All sampled mammograms were evaluated by an expert radiologist familiar with the CAR criteria. A subsample of 197 mammograms was also evaluated by a second radiologist and a third one when results were discordant. Characteristics of women were obtained from the Quebec breast cancer screening program information system. Technologists’ characteristics were collected by mailed questionnaire developed specifically for the study purposes. To evaluate the association between women characteristics and mammography quality, Poisson regression models with robust estimation of variance were carried out in order to estimate proportion ratios. Technologists’ characteristics were analysed similarly but with positioning quality (higher/lower) as the outcome. Finally, mammography quality was analysed in association with the false-positive proportion using a similar model. All models were adjusted for potential confounders. Results: For the subsample evaluated by at least two radiologists, 49.7% of mammograms failed overall quality and positioning was suboptimal for 37.2% of mammograms. Inter-rater agreement between the two principal radiologists was generally low (Cohen’s kappa = 0.17 for overall quality and 0.18 for positioning). Increasing body mass index (kg/m2) was associated with lower mammography quality. For overall quality, women with a BMI≥30 had a failure proportion of 67.5% compared to 34.9% for women with a BMI< 25 (adjusted ratio = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.5 – 3.0). Technologists who, in addition to mandatory training, followed at least 15 hours of hands-on training in positioning performed higher positioning quality (adjusted ratio = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.1 - 1.5) compared to technologists with no such additional training. Technologists providing at least 15 hours of continued medical education (CME) also performed higher positioning quality (adjusted ratio = 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1 - 1.5) compared to those who provided less than 15 hours of CME. Finally, among mammography quality dimensions evaluated only presence of artifacts was significantly associated with an increase in the proportion of false-positives (adjusted ratio = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.3 – 3.3) compared to mammograms with few or no artifacts. Conclusion: This study is the first to evaluate mammography quality in daily practice of the Quebec breast cancer screening program. Our study also showed low inter-rater agreement for clinical image evaluation. This can have a major impact on screening centres since these evaluations are the main reasons for loss of accreditation. The proportion of mammograms with poor positioning was higher for women with high BMI. Our study results suggest that increasing hands-on training in positioning for technologists could help improve overall positioning quality in the Program. It would also be important to reassess the impact of clinical image quality on the false-positive rate in the context of digital imaging. A next step is also to evaluate if the observed variations in mammography quality are associated with screening sensitivity. The latter analyses are currently ongoing at the Institut national de santé publique du Québec.
Touré, Sounan Charles. "Facteurs associés à l'intention d'adhésion au programme québécois de dépistage du cancer du sein (PQDCS)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22050.
Full textKiyang, Lawrence Ndoh. "Intention des professionnels de la santé d'aider les femmes ciblées par le Programme Québécois de Dépistage du Cancer du sein à prendre une décision éclairée concernant leur participation au dépistage du cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23694.
Full textThis descriptive study, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, evaluated health professionals’ intention to help women targeted by the Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Programme in making informed decisions about breast cancer screening with mammography. The 288 family physicians and 618 nurses who responded to our questionnaire had a strong intention to adopt this behaviour. The perception of behavioural control was the variable most strongly associated with intention, followed by attitude, and social norm. The main barriers to the adoption of the studied behaviour, as perceived by participants were lack of time and limited access to information. The intention of health professionals as well as the adoption of the studied behaviour could be reinforced by training activities on informed decision making and relevant decision support tools made available.
Zomahoun, Hervé Tchala Vignon. "Effets des caractéristiques des femmes et des technologues sur la qualité du positionnement en mammographie de dépistage, Programme québécois de dépistage du cancer du sein 2004-2005 : analyses préliminaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27779/27779.pdf.
Full textMartinez, Gonzales Odilon. "Simulation du coût/efficacité du génotypage du facteur Rhésus foetal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30116/30116.pdf.
Full textLa alloimmunisacion maternal es la respuesta inmunológica del organismo a la presencia de un alloantigeno en la sangre materna durante la gestación de una mujer RhD negativa. Existen diferentes opciones de despistaje, pero las evaluaciones de costo/eficacia no han sido realizadas. Este es un estudio de simulación de reportes de costo/eficacia de opciones de despistaje del factor Rhesus fetal durante la gestación de mujeres RhD negativas de Quebec. El modelo a considerado cuatro opciones: 1) la profilaxis sistemática, 2) el génotypage fetal, 3) el despistaje inmunológico RhD del papá et 4) el despistaje mixta. Durante el primer embarazo, la profilaxis sistemática y el despistaje inmunológico RhD del padre son las más costo/eficaces. Durante el segundo embarazo la opción despistaje inmunológica del padre es la opción más costo/eficaz. En las circunstancias actuales, la opción de génotypage fetal no es costo/eficaz, pero este lo sería si el test de génotypage costara menos de 140 $ CA.
Maternal alloimmunisation against Rhesus D antigen is an immunologic response to the presence of RhD antigen in the fetus of pregnant RhD negative women. Various screening options exist but the evaluation of their cost/effectiveness has never been done. This research is a simulation study that addresses the cost/effectiveness of fetal Rh screening options. The model considered four options: 1) the systematic use of anti-D immunoglobulin, 2) fetal RhD genotyping, 3) immunological determination of the father Rh factor and 4) mixed screening. During the first pregnancy, the two most cost/effective options were the systematic prophylaxis and immunological Rh typing options. Immunological typing was the most cost/effective option for the second pregnancy. Fetal genotyping is not a cost-effective option unless the cost of the test drops below 140 $CA.
Nshimyumukiza, Léon. "Cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal screening for Down syndrome in the Quebec healthcare system : health economic aspects." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27889.
Full textIntroduction: In the Province of Quebec, about 110,000 pregnant women are eligible to voluntary prenatal screening for trisomy 21(T21). Conventional screening strategies select about 4% of women for invasive fetal chromosome testing. Noninvasive prenatal testing using maternal blood cell-free DNA (NIPT) is a new highly accurate screening strategy that could reduce these invasive procedures but evidence about its health economic aspects (cost-effectiveness and affordability) is still lacking. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the expected health economic aspects of introducing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. The first study systematically reviewed the literature of full economic evaluation studies on NIPT. The second study evaluated the expected cost-effectiveness of screening strategies incorporating NIPT, as well as conventional screening strategies. The third study evaluated the expected budget impact of implementing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. Methodology: A systematic review of literature was performed for the first study. For the second and third studies, semi-Markov decision-analytic models were built to simulate the cost-effectiveness and the budget impact of NIPT for a virtual cohort of pregnant women similar to that of Quebec in terms of age and pregnancy rate by age. The main outcome for the cost-effectiveness analysis was the incremental cost per additional trisomy 21 detected. The main outcome for the budget impact analysis was the difference in the overall costs between the two alternatives: the current screening strategy vs. the most cost-effective strategy incorporating NIPT). Results: The first study included 16 studies. Results show that compared to current screening practice a universal NIPT screening program is not cost-effective. A program that offers NIPT to high risk pregnant women was found to be the most cost-effective option in the majority of studies included. The second study showed that NIPT as a second-tier test for high-risk women is cost-effective compared to screening algorithms not including NIPT. Out of 13 strategies compared, the integrated serum screening strategy followed by NIPT was the most cost-effective strategy. Other strategies can improve the number of T21 cases identified, but with increasing incremental costs per case (from $ 61,623 to $1,553,615). Results were sensitive to NIPT cost and cut-offs considered to determine high risk pregnant women. The third study found that NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is affordable for the Quebec health care system. Compared to the current screening program, this strategy could be implemented at a neutral cost considering a modest yearly saving of $80,432 (95% CI: $79,874-$81,462). Results were sensitive to the NIPT costs and the uptake-rate of invasive diagnostic tests. Conclusion: NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is cost-effective and affordable for the Quebec health care system. Decision makers should consider its introduction after considerations of others aspects such as ethical issues.
Bonneau, Phanie, and Phanie Bonneau. "Dépistage et suivi des pucerons et aleurodes vecteurs de virus et identification des diverses sources de contamination virale dans les fraisières du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38027.
Full textAu Québec, le dépérissement des fraisières cultivées (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) observé dernièrement a principalement été causé par les virus SMYEV, SCV, SMoV, SVBV et SPaV. Les vecteurs sont le puceron du fraisier, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), et l’aleurode des serres, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Cette étude de deux ans comportait six objectifs. Premièrement, nous avons comparé l’efficacité de deux outils de dépistage des vecteurs, soit les pièges-collants jaunes et les pièges-bols jaunes. Les résultats démontrent que les pièges-collants sont plus efficaces pour la capture de pucerons et d’aleurodes, toutes espèces confondues. Deuxièmement, nous avons déterminé les périodes de vol des deux insectes vecteurs à l’échelle provinciale. Les résultats indiquent que le puceron du fraisier est principalement présent dans les champs du début juillet jusqu’au début septembre. Quant à l’aleurode des serres, il est présent de début juin jusqu’à la fin octobre. Troisièmement, nous avons évalué la prévalence des virus SMYEV et SCV dans les spécimens de pucerons du fraisier ailés capturés. Des analyses RT-PCR ont démontré que 38% des pucerons (N=205) étaient infectés. Le quatrième objectif consistait à évaluer la capacité des fraisiers sauvages (Fragaria virginiana Miller) à constituer un réservoir naturel de virus. Les analyses RT-PCR ont indiquées que 67% des talles de fraisierssauvages (N=12) étaient infectées et qu’elles représentent donc des réservoirs de virus. Le cinquième objectif était de suivre l’accumulation des virus dans 14 fraisières à l’aide de plants sentinelles protégés et exposés. Les résultats confirment que les plants de fraisier exposés en plein champ ont accumulé des virus suite aux envolées des vecteurs. Enfin, nous avons réalisé un inventaire considérable des différentes espèces de pucerons et d’aleurodes retrouvées en fraisières. Cette étude a apporté d’importantes contributions dans la gestion des insectes vecteurs de virus dans le cadre de la problématique du dépérissement des fraisières au Québec.
In Quebec, strawberry decline disease outbreak occurring in strawberry fields (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) has been predominantly caused by viruses (SMoV, SVBV, SPaV, SMYEV and SCV). The vectors are the strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae). This 2-year study had six objectives. First, we compared the effectiveness of two screening techniques, yellow sticky traps and yellow pan-traps. The results demonstrated that the yellow sticky traps are more effective for capturing aphids and whiteflies, all species combined. The second objective was to determine the flight periods of the main vectors across the province. The results indicated that the winged strawberry aphids are mainly present in strawberry fields from early July until early September. As for the greenhouse whitefly, it is mainly present from early June and extends through October. The third objective was to measure the prevalence of SMYEV and SCVin winged strawberry aphid specimens captured in 2014 and 2015. The RT-PCR results indicated that 38% of the aphids (N=205) captured were infected. The fourth objective was to examine the ability of wild strawberries (Fragaria virginiana Miller) to be a long-term host for strawberry viruses. The RT-PCR results demonstrated that 67% of the wild strawberry patches tested (N=12) were infected and therefore, represent a natural reservoir. The fifth objective was to monitor the viruses’ accumulation in 14 strawberry fields throughout the province, using protected and exposed control plants. The results confirmed that the exposed control strawberry plants accumulated viruses following the vectors’ flights over the season. Finally, we carried out a considerable inventory of the different species of aphids and whiteflies found in strawberries. This study has provided important contributions to the management of virus-carrying insects as part of the problem of the strawberry declinein Quebec.
In Quebec, strawberry decline disease outbreak occurring in strawberry fields (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) has been predominantly caused by viruses (SMoV, SVBV, SPaV, SMYEV and SCV). The vectors are the strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae). This 2-year study had six objectives. First, we compared the effectiveness of two screening techniques, yellow sticky traps and yellow pan-traps. The results demonstrated that the yellow sticky traps are more effective for capturing aphids and whiteflies, all species combined. The second objective was to determine the flight periods of the main vectors across the province. The results indicated that the winged strawberry aphids are mainly present in strawberry fields from early July until early September. As for the greenhouse whitefly, it is mainly present from early June and extends through October. The third objective was to measure the prevalence of SMYEV and SCVin winged strawberry aphid specimens captured in 2014 and 2015. The RT-PCR results indicated that 38% of the aphids (N=205) captured were infected. The fourth objective was to examine the ability of wild strawberries (Fragaria virginiana Miller) to be a long-term host for strawberry viruses. The RT-PCR results demonstrated that 67% of the wild strawberry patches tested (N=12) were infected and therefore, represent a natural reservoir. The fifth objective was to monitor the viruses’ accumulation in 14 strawberry fields throughout the province, using protected and exposed control plants. The results confirmed that the exposed control strawberry plants accumulated viruses following the vectors’ flights over the season. Finally, we carried out a considerable inventory of the different species of aphids and whiteflies found in strawberries. This study has provided important contributions to the management of virus-carrying insects as part of the problem of the strawberry declinein Quebec.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
Tchuente, Vanina. "Déterminants liés aux variations de la sensibilité, de la spécificité et du rapport de vraisemblance positif du dépistage par mammographie dans le cadre du Programme québécois de dépistage du cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33514.
Full textIn the Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Program (Programme québécois de dépistage du cancer du sein, PQDCS), women, radiologists and facilities characteristics may influence the screening performance. This study aim to identify those characteristics associated with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (positive likelihood ratio) of screening mammography. This study consists of 3,727,724 mammograms performed on women aged between 50 and 69 in the PQDCS between January 2002 and September 2015. Data on the characteristics were obtained through three databases: the PQDCS information system, RAMQ and MedEcho. The associations of women, radiologists and facilities characteristics to sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was assessed by multivariable Poisson regression with robust error variance. Among the mammograms included, 368,079 were considered as abnormal and 17,867 lead to a diagnosis of invasive cancers (15,412 screen-detected cancers and 2,455 interval cancers). Overall, the sensitivity is 86.3 %, the specificity is 90.5 % and the accuracy is 9.1. Some characteristics are associated with an increase of the screening performance including woman’s age, being post-menopausal and having a high annual volume of mammograms for radiologists. Others are associated with a decrease of the performance, including having a history of breast puncture or biopsy, having an initial mammogram, having a high body mass index, taking a hormone replacement therapy, having a high breast density, being a female radiologist, using a digital mammogram in a screening facility. As the evaluation of the performance of the PQDCS is important, it is relevant to know the characteristics associated with it, in order to understand better the mechanisms by which the program could be improved.
Résumé en espagnol
Piedboeuf, Pascale, and Pascale Piedboeuf. "Identification de symptômes du trouble du déficit de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité chez de jeunes Inuits du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37195.
Full textLe trouble du déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) est le plus fréquent des troubles neuro-développementaux chez l’enfant, et perdure à l’adolescence et à l’âge adulte dans une majorité des cas. Associé à de multiples trajectoires défavorables, notamment de santé, sa prise en charge multimodale est heureusement reconnue efficace. Plusieurs études suggèrent que des lacunes de connaissances existent quant à l’identification du TDAH au sein de certaines minorités ethniques ou culturelles, notamment en raison de l’absence d’instruments d’évaluation validés pour ces populations. Au Canada, il existe peu de données sur sa prévalence chez les peuples autochtones. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire de maîtrise est d’explorer, via la validation d’un instrument de mesure, l’évaluation, les manifestations et la présence du TDAH chez de jeunes Inuits du Nunavik, une région du nord québécois. En prenant en considération l’accès limité à des ressources spécialisées en santé mentale au sein de cette population et les impacts d’un TDAH non pris en charge, la capacité à reconnaître la présence du trouble du déficit de l’attention à l’aide d’un outil valide apparait particulièrement d’intérêt. Dans le cadre de l’étude présentée au chapitre 1, 206 adolescents Inuits âgés entre 16 et 21 ans ont complété un bref instrument autorapporté d’évaluation du TDAH, le Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale. Les résultats rapportés à partir d’analyses descriptives et factorielles et de mesures de la cohérence interne suggèrent que cet instrument peut offrir une estimation acceptable de la présence de symptômes laissant suspecter un TDAH malgré l’échantillon non-normatif utilisé. En guise de discussion, ce mémoire explore la manière dont l’évaluation du TDAH, la fréquence à laquelle un nombre significatif de symptômes sont rapportés au sein de notre échantillon, et les caractéristiques y étant potentiellement associées s’insèrent dans le contexte et les enjeux de santé spécifiques aux jeunes Inuits du Nunavik.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood onset neuro-developmental disorders, and persists into adolescence and adulthood in a majority of cases. Whilst the condition has been associated with several unfavourable trajectories, namely health-wise, its multimodal management is hopefully recognized for its effectiveness. Several studies have suggested that a knowledge gap remains on the subject of ADHD among certain ethnic or cultural minorities, among other things because of the lack of screening tools validated for these groups. In Canada, there is little data available on its presence within the Indigenous populations. The main objective of this master’s thesis is to explore, through the validation of a screening tool, the evaluation, the manifestations and the presence of ADHD among Inuit youths from Nunavik, a region in Arctic Quebec. Taking into account this population’s limited access to specialized mental health services, and the known impacts of ADHD when left unmanaged, the ability to recognize the signs of this condition with a valid screening instrument is the principal factor of interest. As part of the study presented in Chapter 1, a sample of 206 Inuit youths between 16 and 21 years of age completed a brief, self-reported screening tool for ADHD, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale IV. Derived from descriptive and factorial analysis and measures of internal consistency, results from the study suggest than this tool can offer an acceptable estimation of the presence of symptoms consistent with those of ADHD in such a sample, notwithstanding its nonnormative state. In conclusion, this thesis discusses the manner in which the evaluation and likely presence of ADHD when assessed in our sample, as well as its potential associations, fits within the broader context of health challenges faced by Inuit youth in Nunavik.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood onset neuro-developmental disorders, and persists into adolescence and adulthood in a majority of cases. Whilst the condition has been associated with several unfavourable trajectories, namely health-wise, its multimodal management is hopefully recognized for its effectiveness. Several studies have suggested that a knowledge gap remains on the subject of ADHD among certain ethnic or cultural minorities, among other things because of the lack of screening tools validated for these groups. In Canada, there is little data available on its presence within the Indigenous populations. The main objective of this master’s thesis is to explore, through the validation of a screening tool, the evaluation, the manifestations and the presence of ADHD among Inuit youths from Nunavik, a region in Arctic Quebec. Taking into account this population’s limited access to specialized mental health services, and the known impacts of ADHD when left unmanaged, the ability to recognize the signs of this condition with a valid screening instrument is the principal factor of interest. As part of the study presented in Chapter 1, a sample of 206 Inuit youths between 16 and 21 years of age completed a brief, self-reported screening tool for ADHD, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale IV. Derived from descriptive and factorial analysis and measures of internal consistency, results from the study suggest than this tool can offer an acceptable estimation of the presence of symptoms consistent with those of ADHD in such a sample, notwithstanding its nonnormative state. In conclusion, this thesis discusses the manner in which the evaluation and likely presence of ADHD when assessed in our sample, as well as its potential associations, fits within the broader context of health challenges faced by Inuit youth in Nunavik.
Kiely, Marilou. "Vaccination contre les VPH, dépistage du cancer du col utérin et sexualité : connaissances, croyances et comportements des femmes québécoises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26883/26883.pdf.
Full textGagné, Geneviève. "Simulation du ratio coût-efficacité des scénarios de dépistage de l'hémochromatose." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24584/24584.pdf.
Full textVachon, Julie. "Cancers d'intervalle chez les femmes symptomatiques et asymptomatiques suivant une mammographie de dépistage normale dans le cadre du programme québécois de dépistage du cancer du sein (PQDCS) entre 1998 et 2004." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27385/27385.pdf.
Full textVarin, Héloïse. "L'anormalité foucaldienne et le dépistage prénatal : l'exemple de la trisomie 21 au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26643.
Full textLemardelet, Laura. "Dépistage précoce des troubles de comportement à l'école : validation d'un outil d'évaluation ludique pour les enfants d'âge primaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67455.
Full textMalenfant, Priscilla. "Étude sur la capacité de détection du delirium par les infirmières du soutien à domicile." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28254/28254.pdf.
Full textAttieh, Randa. "Adoption et retombées d'une nouvelle technologie de dépistage des infections à ERV en contexte hospitalier québécois." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26524.
Full textThe translating technology, the "Polymerase chain reaction" (PCR), a molecular technology promising performance in the detection of vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) bacteria, is conceptualized as an adaptation process and adjustment of roles as well between the technology and the hospital setting. For the sake of better understanding the translation of PCR in infection prevention and control (IPC) professional practices and to assess the technology performance and its outcomes on VRE , three objectives were defined: 1) understand who was involved in the adoption process of the PCR technology; 2) understand the changes in IPC professionnal practices experienced by a network of actors; and 3) assess the performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of PCR and its implication on the management of VRE cases. A single case study in two parts combining qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted. For the first part, which covers the first two objectives, the complete dataset comprised semi-structured interviews with five groups of actors involved in the adoption and implementation of PCR-VRE (n = 28) and a review of hospital and external documents (n = 33). A content analysis was performed. As for the second part, which covers the third objective, the complete dataset comprised administrative data extraction on VRE cases detected by PCR and culture from January 2012 to October 2013 in the laboratories of the three settings being studied. Descriptive statistical analyzes were performed to document the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the PCR in detecting VRE cases in comparison to the gold standard technique – the culture. Qualitative data from interviews and documents used for the first part allowed the contextualisation of these results. A triangulation of qualitative and quantitative inferences was performed explaining the implication of PCR on the management of VRE cases. Our findings showed that translating technology into practices, especially in the context of IPC depend on five interrelated dimensions, including: 1) the involvement of a wider actor-network, 2) evaluation used as an interessment strategy, 3) adjustments of roles and responsibilities, 4) improvement of communication / collaboration / interaction mechanisms, and 5) the preparation to change. In addition to a better understanding of a whole process, our findings highligthed that the PCR is an important complementary measure to consider in detecting VRE cases. Despite its limits in detecting true positive VRE cases, PCR is of interest for its performance in detecting and handling of true negative VRE cases by reducing the implementation of unnecessary prevention and control measures. PCR-VRE has been as promising in complement to the culture technique enabling a useful and prompt detection of suspects and close contacts. The PCR technology adopted as an innovative solution to the problem of VRE outbreaks, with its implications on the management of VRE cases, has modulated the practices of many actors in order to manage the recurrent problem of VRE in the health care orgnisation being studied. Key words: Adoption, translation, Translating infection prevention into practice – Actor-network theory (TRIP-ANT), nosocomial infections, screening technology, case study, performance.
Breton, Natalie. "Le dépistage précoce des problèmes émergents de comportement dans le cadre du programme Passe-Partout : une première évaluation de l'utilité du Early Screening Project." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26207/26207.pdf.
Full textThériault, Sébastien. "Prédiction précoce du risque de diabète gestationnel : développement de modèles combinant facteurs cliniques et marqueurs biochimiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30778/30778.pdf.
Full textThis project aims to develop an early risk-prediction tool for gestational diabetes (GDM). This is a case-control study from a prospective cohort including 7929 pregnant women recruited between 2005 and 2010 in the Quebec City metropolitan area. External validation of four predictive models proposed in the literature allowed the identification of clinical variables (including past history of GDM, body mass index and family history of diabetes) performing particularly well for the prediction of GDM requiring insulin therapy. An original model combining some of these clinical variables with three readily available biochemical markers (HbA1c, SHBG and hsCRP measured between 14 and 17 weeks of gestation) yielded area under the ROC curve of 0.90 and sensitivity of 72% at a false-positive rate of 10%. This project allowed the identification of predictive factors for GDM available early in pregnancy, which could improve the management of high risk women.
Talbot, Denis. "Estimation de la variance et construction d'intervalles de confiance pour le ratio standardisé de mortalité avec application à l'évaluation d'un programme de dépistage du cancer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27373/27373.pdf.
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