Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zoonoses – Facteurs de risque – Québec (Province)'
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Messier, Valérie. "La séroprévalence des zoonoses au Nunavik : surveillance, identification des facteurs de risque et intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27743/27743.pdf.
Full textLeBlanc, Mélanie. "Histoire naturelle de l'insomnie et identification de facteurs de risque." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18578.
Full textSavard, Marie-Hélène. "Bouffées de chaleur et cancer de sein: Facteurs de risque et relation avec les perturbations du sommeil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26867/26867.pdf.
Full textKellett, Samantha. "L'évolution métabolique et anthropométrique des facteurs de risque des maladies cardiovasculaires des Inuits obèses morbides du Nunavik (Québec)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20753.
Full textChaine, Marina. "Étude cas-contrôle évaluant le rôle de la naissance par césarienne comme facteur de risque dans la survenue d'une bronchiolite à Virus Respiratoire Syncytial (VRS) sévère chez des nourrissons nés à Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/27777/27777.pdf.
Full textViau, Sarah-Jeanne. "Les trajectoires de développement de la cybervictimisation perçue à l'adolescence et les facteurs de risque associés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33349.
Full textTessier, Véronique. "Prévalence et facteurs de risque les plus fortement associés à la présence de stress traumatique secondaire chez les intervenants sociaux en protection de la jeunesse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29982.
Full textBouchard, Caroline. "Le soutien aux jeunes en difficulté : étude de la relation entre les facteurs de risque psychosociaux chez le jeune et le réseau d'acteurs qui s'implique auprès de lui." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57802.pdf.
Full textKaboré, Henri. "Étude épidémiologique des gastroentérites bactériennes et parasitaires infantiles déclarées au Québec de 1999 à 2006 en lien avec certains facteurs de risque environnementaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27216/27216.pdf.
Full textShemilt, Michèle. "Évaluation de la validité des modèles de risque pour prédire l’incidence des gastroentérites d’origine hydrique au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26078.
Full textDe, Montigny Catherine. "Identification des sous-groupes d'individus les plus à risque de mortalité chez les cas confirmés de la COVID-19 au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68416.
Full textTurbide, Jessika. "Association entre l'exposition prénatale et postnatale au mercure et les comportements externalisés de type TDAH chez les adolescents inuits." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66873.
Full textThériault, Sébastien. "Prédiction précoce du risque de diabète gestationnel : développement de modèles combinant facteurs cliniques et marqueurs biochimiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30778/30778.pdf.
Full textThis project aims to develop an early risk-prediction tool for gestational diabetes (GDM). This is a case-control study from a prospective cohort including 7929 pregnant women recruited between 2005 and 2010 in the Quebec City metropolitan area. External validation of four predictive models proposed in the literature allowed the identification of clinical variables (including past history of GDM, body mass index and family history of diabetes) performing particularly well for the prediction of GDM requiring insulin therapy. An original model combining some of these clinical variables with three readily available biochemical markers (HbA1c, SHBG and hsCRP measured between 14 and 17 weeks of gestation) yielded area under the ROC curve of 0.90 and sensitivity of 72% at a false-positive rate of 10%. This project allowed the identification of predictive factors for GDM available early in pregnancy, which could improve the management of high risk women.
Savard, Nathalie. "Étude de l'influence des caractéristiques du contexte social des mères sur la survenue de faible poids pour l'âge gestationnel chez les nouveaux-nés du Québec (2000-2008)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25584.
Full textObjective - Our goal is to broaden knowledge about risk factors of small for gestational age (SGA) birth and to contribute to the assessment of benefits of prenatal interventions offered in Quebec. Methodology - An observational study was conducted between 2000 and 2008. The study included contextual information available in the “Canadian Community Health Survey”, in censuses and in birth data from Quebec’s birth registry (food insecurity, physical activity, social support, consumption of fruits and vegetables, smoking and income of residents on their territory of residence) as well as individual information from Quebec’s birth registry (marital status, education and country of birth of mothers). The benefits of the prenatal interventions were then evaluated accordingly to the intensity of interventions given to births from 2006 to 2008. Associations between SGA and variables from the social context were assessed with crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) from multilevel logistic regression models (GEE). Results - The study included 667 254 mothers and infants living on 143 territories . Mothers from territories with numerous sedentary residents and mothers from territories with high or intermediate number of residents experiencing food insecurity were more likely to have a very SGA infant. Mothers from a territory with an intermediate proportion of married residents were less likely to have a very SGA infant (OR9=0.9; 95% CI=[0.9; 1.0]). Eligible mothers to the prenatal interventions were more likely to have SGA birth. However, those mothers seemed protected from SGA birth when they lived in territories where the care was intense (four to six food interventions plus multi-component intervention) as opposed to mothers from territories with middle or low intensity of care (one to two or three food interventions plus multi-component intervention). Conclusion - The levels of sedentarity, food insecurity and scarcity of social contacts of the residents are associated with SGA birth even after accounting for major factors from the individual and from the context. The high intensity with which the territory provides food interventions to eligible women is associated with a lower risk of SGA birth.
Giguère, Isabelle. "La violence dans les relations amoureuses des adolescentes et des adolescents : une analyse prospective des facteurs de risque." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ41910.pdf.
Full textMalo, Benjamin. "Savoirs, confiance et risque : la vaccination chez les naturopathes québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69247.
Full textComplementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), particularly naturopathy, has increased in popularity among the Quebec population. Simultaneously, vaccine hesitancy is gaining momentum worldwide. If this trend persists, vaccination rates could decrease and there could be a resurgence of many deadly illnesses. Scientific literature suggests that CAM practitioners and their users have generally negative attitudes towards vaccination. It is therefore of the utmost importance to study the links between vaccine hesitancy and naturopathy in Quebec. Within the scope of my Master’s, I studied the influence of knowledge and trust on naturopaths’ ways of reasoning about risks associated with vaccination and I investigated how they manage these risks. To achieve this goal, I conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with Quebec naturopaths. The results of my research suggest that Quebec naturopaths believe that health can be achieved through a study of the causes of diseases in a holistic perspective and through the stimulation of the body’s vitality. Diseases, in this perspective, come from the imbalances of what naturopaths call the “field”. Through their practice, primarily based on nutrition, they encourage their clients to autonomously take responsibility for their health so they can restore the balance of their fields themselves, and therefore, return to health. This notion of health and care, paired with the trust naturopaths have toward their experiential knowledge, play a key role in how they think about risks inherent to vaccination and infectious diseases. Concerns about the risks that vaccination might break the homeostasis of the field are far greater than those associated with the risk of infectious diseases. Therefore, to manage these risks, naturopaths adopt many strategies that target the upholding of the field’s balance.
Jomphe, Mélanie. "Effets de variables telles que le développement cognitif et l'environnement familial sur le développement de symptômes de TDAH chez les prématurés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21894.
Full textBrochu, Priscilla. "Perceptions des joueurs de poker et problèmes de jeu." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26343.
Full textAlthough the practice of online poker is associated with high rates of gambling problems, little is yet known about what distinguishes the players with and without problem in that game. The poker differs from several gambling games by the skill component it entails. The latter may influence how problems arise in that game. Therefore, this thesis aims to compare players with different levels of gambling problems at online Texas Hold’em poker on issues identified in the literature as influencing the development and maintenance of gambling problems: the reasons to play, the emotions and the perceptions related to chance and skill (including erroneous perceptions). The first article focuses on the comparison of groups of players with different levels of problem at online Texas Hold’em poker on their reasons to play, their emotions and their perceptions about chance and skill, verbalized during group interviews. The results of the qualitative analysis show that groups of low-risk, at-risk and problem gamblers report similar reasons to play and similar emotions related to the game. A perception is observed in groups of at-risk and problem gamblers compared to low-risk gamblers: the overestimation of personal skill. A second article compares erroneous perceptions verbalized by groups of players with different levels of problem at online Texas Hold’em poker while they play online in a laboratory. Erroneous perceptions related to the illusion of control were found in the three groups of players. The perceptions of at-risk and problem gamblers show a greater influence given to skill on game results, or even a denial of chance. These studies provide a better understanding of some factors related to the presence of problem gambling at online Texas Hold’em poker, particularly regarding the erroneous perceptions.
Bastille-Denis, Emmanuelle. "La nature et le rôle des variables psychologiques comme facteurs de maintien du trouble lié à l'horaire de travail." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26289.
Full textPlante, Céline. "Statut et apports en fer chez les femmes non enceintes du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25265/25265.pdf.
Full textLeborne, Émilie. "Le rôle médiateur des transitions familiales dans la relation entre le statut socioéconomique des familles et le développement de symptômes de trouble de l'adaptation du comportement chez l'enfant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34480.
Full textHamelin, Gabriella. "Burnout chez les conseillers d'orientation : modèle prédictif appuyé sur la souffrance identitaire de métier et les conditions de pratique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34737.
Full textProfessional counselors are struggling to establish a collective identity ever since the origins of the profession. More specifically, their occupational identity is impeded by the heterogeneity of common practices, the rapid and multidirectional evolution of societal needs and due to the difficulty of being prescribed specific roles in the work organization. Furthermore, school counselors are particularly vulnerable to identity difficulties as these struggles can be nurtured by their work environment and the latter may even contribute to occupational identity suffering (OIS). OIS can arise when school counselors’ work experience would prevent them to perform desired practices and to acquire a sense of professional accomplishment (Viviers, 2016). In addition to these problems, several studies indicated that school counselors are also inclined to experience burnout (e.g., Butler & Constantine, 2005; Wilkerson & Bellini, 2006). This propensity is associated to the execution of administrative tasks (e.g., Bardhoshi, Schweinle, & Duncan, 2014), usually prescribed by school principals. The purpose of the current study was to elaborate and validate a predictive model of school counselors’ burnout in Quebec. Our model posits that the perception of daily performed tasks at work –guidance and counseling activities and administrative tasks – as well as years of experience would influence the experience of OIS which would in turn predict counselor’s burnout. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that burnout and the emotional exhaustion dimension are positively predicted by OIS and the latter is negatively predicted by guidance and counselling activities, and positively predicted by administrative tasks. In addition, guidance and counseling activities indirectly and negatively predicts burnout and emotional exhaustion. Burnout is also indirectly and positively predicted by administrative work. Hence, it seems crucial to investigate counselors’ identity and burnout struggles in order to promote a more favorable work environment that can foster a good mental health. Keywords: school counselors, burnout, occupational identity suffering, administrative work, guidance and counseling activities
Seifert, Ana Maria. "Prévention des risques de transmission des infections : Connaître les pratiques formelles et informelles du personnel hospitalier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28372/28372.pdf.
Full textPreventing infections in health care facilities is a subject of current interest. Despite the promotion of prevention measures, it is well known that they are not completely applied. However, confining interest just to these lacunae does not provide a good handle on improving prevention, if we do not pay attention to other measures that hospital personnel may have developed spontaneously. The objective of the current research project is to describe formal and informal practices for preventing infection used by various categories of hospital personnel, as well as to explore the representations of risk related to their informal practices. The qualitative research approach used gives a systemic vision of prevention activities. We carried out 27 interviews and 186 hours of observation of experienced nursing staff, health care aides and hospital cleaning staff, in two short-term and two long-term hospital units in Montreal. The results show that prevention measures are not isolated acts, but part of a process that starts with risk identification based on three sets of information: patient contamination, environmental contamination and difficulties in interacting with patients. We have identified some measures developed by staff members that allow them to cope with situations where the prescribed procedures are felt to be insufficient; these measures reveal their hitherto-unrecognized skills and can be collective, showing the importance of joint work for infection prevention. The analysis of representations of risks related to Clostridium difficile shows that study participants feared transmitting it to patients and to their own families, and adopted specific prevention measures both at work and outside the workplace. Because of situations where prevention failed, some participants think they may be healthy carriers of that microorganism and fear infection may be activated if they become weak for any reason. Some aspects of work organization may also get in the way of their efforts: the absence of time for exchanging information, the presence of casual staff and the lack of training. We conclude that it is important to support prevention efforts based on collective strategies, that seem to have an interesting potential to prevent infections, and that it is necessary to take into account the preoccupations of staff during educational interventions targeting them.
Boucher, Katrine. "Le narcissisme dans l'explication des troubles des conduites alimentaires : une évaluation des processus explicites et implicites." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32025.
Full textFor several years, there has been a growing interest for the two phenotypes of pathological narcissism. Narcissistic grandiosity is characterized by arrogance, vanity and a dominant attitude, while narcissistic vulnerability is characterized by the unconscious experience of helplessness, emptiness, low selfesteem and shame. The psychodynamic mask model of narcissism proposes that narcissistic individuals have a high self-esteem on the surface that hides low self-esteem deep down inside. Thus, researchers have been interested in the two facets of self-esteem in order to gain a better understanding of pathological narcissism. While explicit self-esteem is considered to be the result of conscious, deliberate and thoughtful processes, implicit self-esteem is seen as unconscious, automatic and affective reactions. Since, few clinical studies have investigated the link between pathological narcissism and the two facets of self-esteem. Eating disorders (ED) appear to be a very relevant population considering that it has been extensively demonstrated that self-esteem is an important risk factor and, several studies have also shown the presence of pathological narcissism in women with ED. The present thesis aims to deepen current knowledge of the links between pathological narcissism and self-esteem in ED. Participants with ED (n = 69) have been compared to participants with an anxiety disorder (n = 51) and participants without history of psychiatric disorder (n = 93) on measures of explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and pathological narcissism. Explicit self-esteem and pathological narcissism have been assessed using self-reported measures, while implicit self-esteem has been measured using the implicit association task (i.e. IAT). The first specific objective of the thesis is to examine the two phenotypes of pathological narcissism in relation to explicit and implicit selfesteem in a clinical sample with ED, a psychiatric control group and a healthy control group. The results indicate that participants with an ED showed lower self-esteem and higher levels of narcissistic grandiosity compared to participants without a history of psychiatric disorders. The results also highlight the importance of narcissistic vulnerability in women with ED since their levels were significantly higher of the psychiatric control group and the healthy control group, suggesting a specific contribution of narcissistic vulnerability regarding eating pathology. Rather than demonstrating a divergence of the two facets of self-esteem, our results suggested low explicit and implicit self-esteem (convergence). Again, our results indicate that low explicit self-esteem better explained narcissistic vulnerability than divergence between both facets of self-esteem. Although these results do not validate psychodynamic mask model of narcissism, they nevertheless highlight the important contribution of narcissistic vulnerability and explicit self-esteem in ED. The second specific objective of the thesis was to examine the specific dimensions of pathological narcissism in explaining dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors in women with anorexia nervosa (n = 27) and bulimia nervosa (n = 23) while controlling for explicit self-esteem. Our results suggest that anorexia nervosa and bulimia differ significantly in regards to their associations between the facets of pathological narcissism and dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors. These findings also shed light on the independent contribution of a narcissistic vulnerability dimension, hiding the self, in explaining eating concerns and objective binge eating in women with anorexia nervosa. This has shown that hiding the self contributes over and above a longstanding risk factor, low explicit self-esteem. Thus, the present thesis reinforces the idea that the narcissistic vulnerability must be more widely recognized and that, efforts must continue to better understand its impact on treatment.
Pelletier, Gabriel. "Associations entre le développement du langage et des trajectoires élevées d'agressivité physique et d'agressivité indirecte de 5 à 12 ans." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30029.
Full textHenry, Jeffrey. "Les comportements d'insensibilité à l'âge scolaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28158.
Full textCallous-unemotional (CU) behaviors in childhood are crucial in the developmental course of severe antisocial behavior and psychopathic personality. These behaviors also involve unique psychosocial risk, regardless of conduct problems levels, and are associated with a distinctive phenotypic, neurocognitive and aetiological profile. For all these reasons, studying the development of CU behaviors as a phenotype independent of conduct problems is warranted. There is, however, several unresolved questions in this regard. Hence, the general objective of the thesis was to take advantage of a normative twin sample (Quebec Newborn Twin Study; QNTS) and a longitudinal-prospective design to examine the aetiology and preschool precursors of school-age CU behaviors. First, the temporal pattern of the genetic and environmental aetiology of CU behaviors across primary school, from school entry to late childhood, was studied. In the QNTS, CU behaviors were reported by teachers. These reports were analyzed using a linear latent growth curve model and a Cholesky decomposition model. Genetic factors explained most of the variance in initial levels of CU behaviors. Genetic factors at school entry had enduring contributions to CU behaviors through late childhood. However, new genetic contributions appeared in middle and late childhood. Environmental factors were important at each age, but did not contribute to stability in CU behaviors. These results point to the dynamic nature of genetic expression and environmental contributions involved in the development of CU behaviors. Second, the phenotypic and genetic-environmental associations between parenting in preschool (warm/rewarding and hostile reactive) and CU behaviors at school age, over and above child preschool externalizing problems, were tested. Early parenting and externalizing problems were reported by the mother. Both hostile-reactive and warm/rewarding parenting were correlated with CU behaviors. After controlling for early externalizing problems, only warm/rewarding parenting predicted CU behaviors. The association between hostile-reactive parenting and CU behaviors was mostly explained by shared genetic aetiology. This genetic association was non-significant when externalizing problems were included as a control variable. These results suggest that positive, but not negative, aspects of early parenting contribute to CU behaviors through an environmental pathway. Third, the moderating role of early warm/rewarding parenting on the heritability of school-age CU behaviors was assessed. CU behaviors were highly heritable, the rest of their variance being accounted for by non-shared environmental factors. Warm/rewarding parenting significantly moderated the heritability of CU behaviors. Heritability was higher when children were exposed to low levels of warm/rewarding parenting, and lower when children received high warm/rewarding parenting. Exposure to high levels of warm/rewarding parenting may partly impede genetic expression associated with CU behaviors. Results from the thesis underline the preschool period as a window of opportunity for the prevention and treatment of CU behaviors. Indeed, several results indicate that child and environmental risk factors involved in the development of CU behaviors have not only early, but also enduring contributions. Child risk factors (e.g., genetic load) appear prominent in explaining individual differences in CU behaviors, but several environments – especially those within the family – also have unique contributions; these environments seem particularly important in early childhood. Over and above independent contributions from the child and the family, it appears that these two classes of factors reciprocally influence each other through complex gene-environment transactions. For instance, low levels of warm/rewarding parenting seemingly provide a favorable context for the expression of genetic risk for CU behaviors. Finally, results show that positive aspects of parental practices (e.g., warm/rewarding parenting) are more likely to have unique contributions to CU behaviors than their negative components (e.g., hostile reactive parenting). Therefore, the results from the thesis allow a more accurate and detailed understanding of the role of early environment in the development of CU behaviors.