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Journal articles on the topic 'Zoonotic spillover'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Plowright, Raina K., Colin R. Parrish, Hamish McCallum, et al. "Pathways to zoonotic spillover." Nature Reviews Microbiology 15, no. 8 (2017): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.45.

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Plowright, Raina K., Colin R. Parrish, Hamish McCallum, et al. "Pathways to zoonotic spillover." Nature Reviews Microbiology 15, no. 8 (2017): 502–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14816884.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Zoonotic spillover, which is the transmission of a pathogen from a vertebrate animal to a human, presents a global public health burden but is a poorly understood phenomenon. Zoonotic spillover requires several factors to align, including the ecological, epidemiological and behavioural determinants of pathogen exposure, and the within-human factors that affect susceptibility to infection. In this Opinion article, we propose a synthetic framework for animal-to-human transmission that integrates the relevant mechanisms. This framework reveals th

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3

Reddy, Manjunatha, Krithika S, and Sumathra Manokaran. "A Comprehensive Update on Emerging Infectious Zoonosis and Applications of Zoonotic Disease Modeling: A Review." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 1649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1649ecst.

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After the most recent COVID-19 outbreak, which has now made headlines, people trace back the connections of SARS-CoV-2 virus with other recent outbreaks such as SARS, MERS, Avian influenza, etc., all of which have high virulence and destructive powers. The common feature observed in all these alarming outbreaks is that they are “Zoonotic spillover diseases.” Spillover event also referred to as spillover infection or simply pathogen spillover is the process where a pathogen jumps from an animal to a human. Despite posing a threat to public health worldwide, it is an inadequately understood phen

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4

Grange, Zoë L., Tracey Goldstein, Christine K. Johnson, et al. "Ranking the risk of animal-to-human spillover for newly discovered viruses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 15 (2021): e2002324118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002324118.

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The death toll and economic loss resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are stark reminders that we are vulnerable to zoonotic viral threats. Strategies are needed to identify and characterize animal viruses that pose the greatest risk of spillover and spread in humans and inform public health interventions. Using expert opinion and scientific evidence, we identified host, viral, and environmental risk factors contributing to zoonotic virus spillover and spread in humans. We then developed a risk ranking framework and interactive web tool, Spil

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5

Sokolow, Susanne H., Nicole Nova, Kim M. Pepin, et al. "Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1782 (2019): 20180342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0342.

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Spillover of a pathogen from a wildlife reservoir into a human or livestock host requires the pathogen to overcome a hierarchical series of barriers. Interventions aimed at one or more of these barriers may be able to prevent the occurrence of spillover. Here, we demonstrate how interventions that target the ecological context in which spillover occurs (i.e. ecological interventions) can complement conventional approaches like vaccination, treatment, disinfection and chemical control. Accelerating spillover owing to environmental change requires effective, affordable, durable and scalable solu

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6

Bhatia, Bharti, Sudipta Sonar, Seema Khan, and Jayanta Bhattacharya. "Pandemic-Proofing: Intercepting Zoonotic Spillover Events." Pathogens 13, no. 12 (2024): 1067. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13121067.

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Zoonotic spillover events pose a significant and growing threat to global health. By focusing on preventing these cross-species transmissions, we can significantly mitigate pandemic risks. This review aims to analyze the mechanisms of zoonotic spillover events, identify key risk factors, and propose evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce future pandemic threats. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from 1960–2024, we examined documented spillover events, their outcomes, and intervention strategies. This a

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7

Ellwanger, Joel Henrique, and José Artur Bogo Chies. "Zoonotic spillover: Understanding basic aspects for better prevention." Genetics and Molecular Biology 44, no. 1 suppl 1 (2021): e20200355. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14815910.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is called "zoonotic spillover." Most human infectious diseases (60-75%) are derived from pathogens that originally circulated in non-human animal species. This demonstrates that spillover has a fundamental role in the emergence of new human infectious diseases. Understanding the factors that facilitate the transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is essential to establish strategies focused on the reduction of the frequency of spillover events. In this context, this article

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8

Alenezi, Abdulrahman Ramadhan, Mohammed Ayyat Alanazi, Fares Saqir Aldhafeeri, et al. "EMS response to infectious disease outbreaks: Prehospital preparedness and intervention." International journal of health sciences 6, S10 (2022): 1914–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns10.15221.

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Background: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) often originate from wildlife, with zoonotic transmissions, such as those causing pandemic influenza, Ebola, and COVID-19. Ecological disruptions, including deforestation and land-use changes, have heightened the risk of these diseases by increasing human contact with wildlife. Aim: The aim of this article is to examine emergency medical services (EMS), paramedics, and nursing preparedness and intervention strategies during infectious disease outbreaks. Methods: Methods include analyzing zoonotic spillover factors and reviewing prevention strateg

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9

Walsh, Michael G., and M. A. Haseeb. "The landscape configuration of zoonotic transmission of Ebola virus disease in West and Central Africa: interaction between population density and vegetation cover." PeerJ 3 (June 12, 2015): e735. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13530724.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic origin that has been responsible for high mortality and significant social disruption in West and Central Africa. Zoonotic transmission of EVD requires contact between susceptible human hosts and the reservoir species for Ebolaviruses, which are believed to be fruit bats. Nevertheless, features of the landscape that may facilitate such points of contact have not yet been adequately identified. Nor have spatial dependencies between zoonotic EVD transmission and landscape st

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10

Walsh, Michael G., and M. A. Haseeb. "The landscape configuration of zoonotic transmission of Ebola virus disease in West and Central Africa: interaction between population density and vegetation cover." PeerJ 3 (June 7, 2015): e735. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13530724.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic origin that has been responsible for high mortality and significant social disruption in West and Central Africa. Zoonotic transmission of EVD requires contact between susceptible human hosts and the reservoir species for Ebolaviruses, which are believed to be fruit bats. Nevertheless, features of the landscape that may facilitate such points of contact have not yet been adequately identified. Nor have spatial dependencies between zoonotic EVD transmission and landscape st

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11

Tajudeen, Yusuf Amuda, Iyiola Olatunji Oladunjoye, Ousman Bajinka, and Habeebullah Jayeola Oladipo. "Zoonotic Spillover in an Era of Rapid Deforestation of Tropical Areas and Unprecedented Wildlife Trafficking: Into the Wild." Challenges 13, no. 2 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe13020041.

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Rapid deforestation and unprecedented wildlife trafficking are important factors triggering the rate of zoonotic spillover from animals to humans. Consequently, this leads to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases among the human population. Deforestation is an important ecological disruption that leads to the loss of biodiversity. The loss of biodiversity results in the persistence of highest-quality hosts of zoonotic pathogens dominating the low-diversity communities, a process termed the dilution effect. Activities like intensive farming and logging that resulted in

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12

Meadows, Amanda Jean, Nicole Stephenson, Nita K. Madhav, and Ben Oppenheim. "Historical trends demonstrate a pattern of increasingly frequent and severe spillover events of high-consequence zoonotic viruses." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 11 (2023): e012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012026.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has focused attention on patterns of infectious disease spillover. Climate and land-use changes are predicted to increase the frequency of zoonotic spillover events, which have been the cause of most modern epidemics. Characterising historical trends in zoonotic spillover can provide insights into the expected frequency and severity of future epidemics, but historical epidemiological data remains largely fragmented and difficult to analyse. We utilised our extensive epidemiological database to analyse a specific subset of high-consequence zoonotic spillover events for tre

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13

Adney, Danielle R., Chad S. Clancy, Richard A. Bowen, and Vincent J. Munster. "Camelid Inoculation with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Experimental Models of Reservoir Host Infection." Viruses 12, no. 12 (2020): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121370.

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Within the past two decades, three zoonotic betacoronaviruses have been associated with outbreaks causing severe respiratory disease in humans. Of these, Middle East respiratory s yndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the only zoonotic coronavirus that is known to consistently result in frequent zoonotic spillover events from the proximate reservoir host—the dromedary camel. A comprehensive understanding of infection in dromedaries is critical to informing public health recommendations and implementing intervention strategies to mitigate spillover events. Experimental models of reservoir disease a

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14

Sterner, Beckett, Steve Elliott, Nate Upham, and Nico Franz. "Bats, objectivity, and viral spillover risk." History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 43, no. 1 (2021): 7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13537377.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) What should the best practices be for modeling zoonotic disease risks, e.g. to anticipate the next pandemic, when background assumptions are unsettled or evolving rapidly? This challenge runs deeper than one might expect, all the way into how we model the robustness of contemporary phylogenetic inference and taxonomic classifications. Different and legitimate taxonomic assumptions can destabilize the putative objectivity of zoonotic risk assessments, thus potentially supporting inconsistent and overconfident policy decisions.

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15

Sterner, Beckett, Steve Elliott, Nate Upham, and Nico Franz. "Bats, objectivity, and viral spillover risk." History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 43, no. 1 (2021): 7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13537377.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) What should the best practices be for modeling zoonotic disease risks, e.g. to anticipate the next pandemic, when background assumptions are unsettled or evolving rapidly? This challenge runs deeper than one might expect, all the way into how we model the robustness of contemporary phylogenetic inference and taxonomic classifications. Different and legitimate taxonomic assumptions can destabilize the putative objectivity of zoonotic risk assessments, thus potentially supporting inconsistent and overconfident policy decisions.

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16

Washburne, Alex D., Daniel E. Crowley, Daniel J. Becker, et al. "Taxonomic patterns in the zoonotic potential of mammalian viruses." PeerJ 6 (November 28, 2018): e5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5979.

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Predicting and simplifying which pathogens may spill over from animals to humans is a major priority in infectious disease biology. Many efforts to determine which viruses are at risk of spillover use a subset of viral traits to find trait-based associations with spillover. We adapt a new method—phylofactorization—to identify not traits but lineages of viruses at risk of spilling over. Phylofactorization is used to partition the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses viral taxonomy based on non-human host range of viruses and whether there exists evidence the viruses have infected huma

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17

Washburne, Alex D., Daniel E. Crowley, Daniel J. Becker, et al. "Taxonomic patterns in the zoonotic potential of mammalian viruses." PeerJ 6 (June 12, 2018): e5979. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508690.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Predicting and simplifying which pathogens may spill over from animals to humans is a major priority in infectious disease biology. Many efforts to determine which viruses are at risk of spillover use a subset of viral traits to find trait-based associations with spillover. We adapt a new method—phylofactorization—to identify not traits but lineages of viruses at risk of spilling over. Phylofactorization is used to partition the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses viral taxonomy based on non-human host range of viruses and whether t

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18

Washburne, Alex D., Daniel E. Crowley, Daniel J. Becker, et al. "Taxonomic patterns in the zoonotic potential of mammalian viruses." PeerJ 6 (June 7, 2018): e5979. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508690.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Predicting and simplifying which pathogens may spill over from animals to humans is a major priority in infectious disease biology. Many efforts to determine which viruses are at risk of spillover use a subset of viral traits to find trait-based associations with spillover. We adapt a new method—phylofactorization—to identify not traits but lineages of viruses at risk of spilling over. Phylofactorization is used to partition the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses viral taxonomy based on non-human host range of viruses and whether t

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19

Washburne, Alex D., Daniel E. Crowley, Daniel J. Becker, et al. "Taxonomic patterns in the zoonotic potential of mammalian viruses." PeerJ 6 (July 3, 2018): e5979. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508690.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Predicting and simplifying which pathogens may spill over from animals to humans is a major priority in infectious disease biology. Many efforts to determine which viruses are at risk of spillover use a subset of viral traits to find trait-based associations with spillover. We adapt a new method—phylofactorization—to identify not traits but lineages of viruses at risk of spilling over. Phylofactorization is used to partition the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses viral taxonomy based on non-human host range of viruses and whether t

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20

Washburne, Alex D., Daniel E. Crowley, Daniel J. Becker, et al. "Taxonomic patterns in the zoonotic potential of mammalian viruses." PeerJ 6 (July 10, 2018): e5979. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508690.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Predicting and simplifying which pathogens may spill over from animals to humans is a major priority in infectious disease biology. Many efforts to determine which viruses are at risk of spillover use a subset of viral traits to find trait-based associations with spillover. We adapt a new method—phylofactorization—to identify not traits but lineages of viruses at risk of spilling over. Phylofactorization is used to partition the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses viral taxonomy based on non-human host range of viruses and whether t

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21

Plowright, Raina K., Aliyu N. Ahmed, Tim Coulson, et al. "Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024): 2577. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435621.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental

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Plowright, Raina K., Aliyu N. Ahmed, Tim Coulson, et al. "Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024): 2577. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435621.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental

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23

Plowright, Raina K., Aliyu N. Ahmed, Tim Coulson, et al. "Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024): 2577. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435621.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental

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24

Plowright, Raina K., Aliyu N. Ahmed, Tim Coulson, et al. "Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024): 2577. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435621.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental

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25

Plowright, Raina K., Aliyu N. Ahmed, Tim Coulson, et al. "Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024): 2577. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435621.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental

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26

Markotter, W., J. Coertse, L. De Vries, M. Geldenhuys, and M. Mortlock. "Bat-borne viruses in Africa: a critical review." Journal of Zoology 311, no. 2 (2020): 77–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13537475.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In Africa, bat-borne zoonoses emerged in the past few decades resulting in large outbreaks or just sporadic spillovers. In addition, hundreds of more viruses are described without any information on zoonotic potential. We discuss important characteristics of bats including bat biology, evolution, distribution and ecology that not only make them unique among most mammals but also contribute to their potential as viral reservoirs. The detection of a virus in bats does not imply that spillover will occur and several biological, ecological and ant

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Markotter, W., J. Coertse, L. De Vries, M. Geldenhuys, and M. Mortlock. "Bat-borne viruses in Africa: a critical review." Journal of Zoology 311, no. 2 (2020): 77–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13537475.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In Africa, bat-borne zoonoses emerged in the past few decades resulting in large outbreaks or just sporadic spillovers. In addition, hundreds of more viruses are described without any information on zoonotic potential. We discuss important characteristics of bats including bat biology, evolution, distribution and ecology that not only make them unique among most mammals but also contribute to their potential as viral reservoirs. The detection of a virus in bats does not imply that spillover will occur and several biological, ecological and ant

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28

Ruiz-Aravena, Manuel, Clifton McKee, Amandine Gamble, et al. "Ecology, evolution and spillover of coronaviruses from bats." Nature Reviews Microbiology 20, no. 5 (2022): 299–314. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14816870.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In the past two decades, three coronaviruses with ancestral origins in bats have emerged and caused widespread outbreaks in humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the first SARS epidemic in 2002–2003, the appreciation of bats as key hosts of zoonotic coronaviruses has advanced rapidly. More than 4,000 coronavirus sequences from 14 bat families have been identified, yet the true diversity of bat coronaviruses is probably much greater. Given that bats are the likely evolutionary source for several h

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29

Sánchez, Cecilia A., Joy Venkatachalam‐Vaz, and John M. Drake. "Spillover of zoonotic pathogens: A review of reviews." Zoonoses and Public Health 68, no. 6 (2021): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zph.12846.

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30

Nandi, Aadrita, and Linda J. S. Allen. "Probability of a zoonotic spillover with seasonal variation." Infectious Disease Modelling 6 (2021): 514–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2021.01.013.

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31

Aguiar, Raphael, Ryan Gray, Eduardo Gallo-Cajiao, et al. "Preventing zoonotic spillover through regulatory frameworks governing wildlife trade: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0312012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312012.

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Wildlife trade can create adverse impacts for biodiversity and human health globally, including increased risks for zoonotic spillover that can lead to pandemics. Institutional responses to zoonotic threats posed by wildlife trade are diverse; understanding regulations governing wildlife trade is an important step for effective zoonotic spillover prevention measures. In this review, we focused on peer-reviewed studies and grey literature conducted on regulatory approaches that govern domestic and international wildlife trade in order to assess the role of local, national and global-level insti

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Plowright, Raina K., Daniel J. Becker, Hamish McCallum, and Kezia R. Manlove. "Sampling to elucidate the dynamics of infections in reservoir hosts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1782 (2019): 20180336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0336.

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The risk of zoonotic spillover from reservoir hosts, such as wildlife or domestic livestock, to people is shaped by the spatial and temporal distribution of infection in reservoir populations. Quantifying these distributions is a key challenge in epidemiology and disease ecology that requires researchers to make trade-offs between the extent and intensity of spatial versus temporal sampling. We discuss sampling methods that strengthen the reliability and validity of inferences about the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife hosts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dynamic and integ

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Kreuder, Johnson Christine, Peta L. Hitchens, Evans Tierra Smiley, et al. "Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (2015): 14830. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504884.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Most human infectious diseases, especially recently emerging pathogens, originate from animals and ongoing disease transmission from animals to people presents a significant global health burden. Recognition of the epidemiologic circumstances involved in zoonotic spillover, amplification and spread of diseases is essential for prioritizing surveillance and predicting future disease emergence risk. We examine the animal hosts and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic viruses to date and discover that viruses with hi

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Kreuder, Johnson Christine, Peta L. Hitchens, Evans Tierra Smiley, et al. "Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (2015): 14830. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504884.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Most human infectious diseases, especially recently emerging pathogens, originate from animals and ongoing disease transmission from animals to people presents a significant global health burden. Recognition of the epidemiologic circumstances involved in zoonotic spillover, amplification and spread of diseases is essential for prioritizing surveillance and predicting future disease emergence risk. We examine the animal hosts and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic viruses to date and discover that viruses with hi

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35

Kreuder, Johnson Christine, Peta L. Hitchens, Evans Tierra Smiley, et al. "Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (2015): 14830. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504884.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Most human infectious diseases, especially recently emerging pathogens, originate from animals and ongoing disease transmission from animals to people presents a significant global health burden. Recognition of the epidemiologic circumstances involved in zoonotic spillover, amplification and spread of diseases is essential for prioritizing surveillance and predicting future disease emergence risk. We examine the animal hosts and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic viruses to date and discover that viruses with hi

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36

Kreuder, Johnson Christine, Peta L. Hitchens, Evans Tierra Smiley, et al. "Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (2015): 14830. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504884.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Most human infectious diseases, especially recently emerging pathogens, originate from animals and ongoing disease transmission from animals to people presents a significant global health burden. Recognition of the epidemiologic circumstances involved in zoonotic spillover, amplification and spread of diseases is essential for prioritizing surveillance and predicting future disease emergence risk. We examine the animal hosts and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic viruses to date and discover that viruses with hi

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37

Tahir, Midra. "Predicting Zoonotic Spillover Events: A Fractional Modeling Framework for Nipah Virus Dynamics." SciNexuses 2 (April 11, 2025): 102–27. https://doi.org/10.61356/j.scin.2025.2532.

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The Nipah virus, a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen, has caused recurrent outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia, presenting significant public health challenges. Traditional integer-order models often fail to capture the complex dynamics of zoonotic spillover events, which are influenced by memory effects, environmental factors, and heterogeneous interspecies interactions. In this study, we introduce a novel fractional-order mathematical model to describe the transmission dynamics of the Nipah virus, focusing on spillover events from bat reservoirs to humans and subsequent human-to-human tran

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38

Kuchipudi, Suresh V., Rahul K. Nelli, Abhinay Gontu, Rashmi Satyakumar, Meera Surendran Nair, and Murugan Subbiah. "Sialic Acid Receptors: The Key to Solving the Enigma of Zoonotic Virus Spillover." Viruses 13, no. 2 (2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020262.

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Emerging viral diseases are a major threat to global health, and nearly two-thirds of emerging human infectious diseases are zoonotic. Most of the human epidemics and pandemics were caused by the spillover of viruses from wild mammals. Viruses that infect humans and a wide range of animals have historically caused devastating epidemics and pandemics. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of viral emergence and zoonotic spillover is still lacking. Receptors are major determinants of host susceptibility to viruses. Animal species sharing host cell receptors that support the binding of mult

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Escudero-Pérez, Beatriz, Alexandre Lalande, Cyrille Mathieu, and Philip Lawrence. "Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans." Viruses 15, no. 3 (2023): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030599.

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Emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin are an ever-increasing public health risk and economic burden. The factors that determine if and when an animal virus is able to spill over into the human population with sufficient success to achieve ongoing transmission in humans are complex and dynamic. We are currently unable to fully predict which pathogens may appear in humans, where and with what impact. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of the key host–pathogen interactions known to influence zoonotic spillover potential and transmission in humans, with a particular focus on

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Das, Pritimoy, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, Mohammad Abdul Aleem, et al. "Hospital-based zoonotic disease surveillance in Bangladesh: design, field data and difficulties." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1782 (2019): 20190019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0019.

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Early detection of zoonotic diseases allows for the implementation of early response measures, reducing loss of human life and economic disruption. We implemented a surveillance system in hospitals in Bangladesh to screen acutely ill hospitalized patients with severe respiratory infection and meningoencephalitis for zoonotic exposures. Patients were screened for the risk of zoonotic exposures with five questions covering vocational exposures, sick domestic animal and wild animal contact, and date palm sap consumption in the three weeks preceding illness onset. Patients giving at least one posi

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Plowright, Raina K., Daniel J. Becker, Hamish McCallum, and Kezia R. Manlove. "Sampling to elucidate the dynamics of infections in reservoir hosts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1782 (2019): 20180336. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13531820.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The risk of zoonotic spillover from reservoir hosts, such as wildlife or domestic livestock, to people is shaped by the spatial and temporal distribution of infection in reservoir populations. Quantifying these distributions is a key challenge in epidemiology and disease ecology that requires researchers to make trade-offs between the extent and intensity of spatial versus temporal sampling. We discuss sampling methods that strengthen the reliability and validity of inferences about the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife hosts. This ar

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Plowright, Raina K., Daniel J. Becker, Hamish McCallum, and Kezia R. Manlove. "Sampling to elucidate the dynamics of infections in reservoir hosts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1782 (2019): 20180336. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13531820.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The risk of zoonotic spillover from reservoir hosts, such as wildlife or domestic livestock, to people is shaped by the spatial and temporal distribution of infection in reservoir populations. Quantifying these distributions is a key challenge in epidemiology and disease ecology that requires researchers to make trade-offs between the extent and intensity of spatial versus temporal sampling. We discuss sampling methods that strengthen the reliability and validity of inferences about the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife hosts. This ar

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Lawson, Elaine Tweneboah, Fidelia Ohemeng, Jesse Ayivor, Melissa Leach, Linda Waldman, and Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu. "Understanding framings and perceptions of spillover." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, no. 4 (2017): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2016-0082.

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Purpose Bats provide many ecosystem services and have intrinsic value. They also act as host reservoirs for some viruses. Several studies have linked zoonotic diseases to bats, raising questions about the risks bats pose, especially to people living close to bat roosts. Through a series of case studies undertaken in three communities, the purpose of this paper is to explore the various ways in which framings and perceptions of bats can influence a potential spillover of bat-borne viruses to humans in Ghana. It assesses the social, cultural and economic factors that drive human-bat interactions

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Simons, David, Ricardo Rivero, Ana Martinez-Checa Guiote, et al. "Protocol to produce a systematic Arenavirus and Hantavirus host-pathogen database: Project ArHa." Wellcome Open Research 10 (April 28, 2025): 227. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24037.1.

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Arenaviruses and Hantaviruses, primarily hosted by rodents and shrews, represent significant public health threats due to their potential for zoonotic spillover into human populations. Despite their global distribution, the full impact of these viruses on human health remains poorly understood, particularly in regions like Africa, where data is sparse. Both virus families continue to emerge, with pathogen evolution and spillover driven by anthropogenic factors such as land use change, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Recent research highlights the complex interactions between ecological

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Williams, Evan P., Briana M. Spruill-Harrell, Mariah K. Taylor, et al. "Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses." Viruses 13, no. 8 (2021): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081509.

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Rodents (order Rodentia), followed by bats (order Chiroptera), comprise the largest percentage of living mammals on earth. Thus, it is not surprising that these two orders account for many of the reservoirs of the zoonotic RNA viruses discovered to date. The spillover of these viruses from wildlife to human do not typically result in pandemics but rather geographically confined outbreaks of human infection and disease. While limited geographically, these viruses cause thousands of cases of human disease each year. In this review, we focus on three questions regarding zoonotic viruses that orig

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Markin, Alexey, Giovana Ciacci Zanella, Zebulun W. Arendsee, et al. "Reverse-zoonoses of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A viruses and evolution in United States swine results in viruses with zoonotic potential." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 7 (2023): e1011476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011476.

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The 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pdm09) lineage of influenza A virus (IAV) crosses interspecies barriers with frequent human-to-swine spillovers each year. These spillovers reassort and drift within swine populations, leading to genetically and antigenically novel IAV that represent a zoonotic threat. We quantified interspecies transmission of the pdm09 lineage, persistence in swine, and identified how evolution in swine impacted zoonotic risk. Human and swine pdm09 case counts between 2010 and 2020 were correlated and human pdm09 burden and circulation directly impacted the detection of pdm09 in pigs.

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Clifford Astbury, Chloe, Kirsten M. Lee, Raphael Aguiar, et al. "Policies to prevent zoonotic spillover: protocol for a systematic scoping review of evaluative evidence." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (2022): e058437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058437.

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IntroductionThe increasing incidence of pathogen transmission from animals to humans (zoonotic spillover events) has been attributed to behavioural practices and ecological and socioeconomic change. As these events sometimes involve pathogens with epidemic or pandemic potential, they pose a serious threat to population health. Public policies may play a key role in preventing these events. The aim of this review is to identify evaluations of public policies that target the determinants of zoonotic spillover, examining approaches taken to evaluation, choice of outcomes measures and evidence of

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Simons, David, Lauren A. Attfield, Kate E. Jones, Deborah Watson-Jones, and Richard Kock. "Rodent trapping studies as an overlooked information source for understanding endemic and novel zoonotic spillover." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 1 (2023): e0010772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010772.

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Rodents, a diverse, globally distributed and ecologically important order of mammals are nevertheless important reservoirs of known and novel zoonotic pathogens. Ongoing anthropogenic land use change is altering these species’ abundance and distribution, which among zoonotic host species may increase the risk of zoonoses spillover events. A better understanding of the current distribution of rodent species is required to guide attempts to mitigate against potentially increased zoonotic disease hazard and risk. However, available species distribution and host-pathogen association datasets (e.g.

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Simons, David, Lauren A. Attfield, Kate E. Jones, Deborah Watson-Jones, Richard Kock, and Richard A. Bowen. "Rodent trapping studies as an overlooked information source for understanding endemic and novel zoonotic spillover." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 1 (2023): e0010772. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509468.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Rodents, a diverse, globally distributed and ecologically important order of mammals are nevertheless important reservoirs of known and novel zoonotic pathogens. Ongoing anthropogenic land use change is altering these species' abundance and distribution, which among zoonotic host species may increase the risk of zoonoses spillover events. A better understanding of the current distribution of rodent species is required to guide attempts to mitigate against potentially increased zoonotic disease hazard and risk. However, available species distri

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Simons, David, Lauren A. Attfield, Kate E. Jones, Deborah Watson-Jones, Richard Kock, and Richard A. Bowen. "Rodent trapping studies as an overlooked information source for understanding endemic and novel zoonotic spillover." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 1 (2023): e0010772. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509468.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Rodents, a diverse, globally distributed and ecologically important order of mammals are nevertheless important reservoirs of known and novel zoonotic pathogens. Ongoing anthropogenic land use change is altering these species' abundance and distribution, which among zoonotic host species may increase the risk of zoonoses spillover events. A better understanding of the current distribution of rodent species is required to guide attempts to mitigate against potentially increased zoonotic disease hazard and risk. However, available species distri

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