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Academic literature on the topic 'Zooplancton marin – Manche (mer ; est)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zooplancton marin – Manche (mer ; est)"
Moison, Maud. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement individuel de Temora longicornis (Müller, 1792), copépode calanoïde typique de la Manche orientale : réponses aux forçages biotiques et abiotiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10163/document.
Full textIn a very heterogeneous marine environment, the copepods ability to minimize energy costs due to swimming and to maximize the probability of meeting partner or prey is crucial. In addition, these animals have chemio and mechanoreceptors, which make very good "nano-biosensor". They will be very sensitive to stress physico-chemical, biological, including seasonal variations. The objective of this study is to characterize the behavioral responses of the species Temora longicornis (Müller, 1792), typical copepod of the Eastern Channel, in conjunction with various biotic and abiotic forcings of this environment. Initially, the effect of temperature and salinity variations and the presence of prey were tested separately and in a controlled environment. Meanwhile, regular monitoring of behavior was conducted for two years. For this, trajectories of copepods males and females are explored through new approaches using statistical methods from the fields of information theory and statistical physics, and through analysis of different symbolic states medley. For this species, swimming activity consists of a succession of periods of break and “cruise” interrupted by quick jumps. Swimming speed, especially the frequency of jumps, increases under extreme temperatures. The presence of algae in the environment also changes markedly its activity; including the time allocated for exploration and fast swimming increase with the availability of prey. Consequently, the influence of these factors and the large variability in coastal eastern handle both physically and biologically may explain the behavior variability observed during the seasonal monitoring
Houliez, Emilie. "Contrôle de l’activité photosynthétique du phytoplancton en milieu côtier : utilisation de la fluorescence spectrale et de la fluorimétrie modulée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10069/document.
Full textDynamics of phytoplankton photosynthetic activity were characterised in a macrotidal coastal ecosystem (the Strait of Dover, eastern English Channel) and related to environmental conditions. Spatial and temporal variability of photosynthetic parameters were studied at different scales, between September 2008 and August 2010. The level of variability and controlling factors of photosynthetic parameters depend on the scale considered. In space, no gradient of photosynthetic parameters was found between coastal and offshore waters. By contrast, within the water column, variations of the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the maximum electron transport rate (ETRm) and the light saturation coefficient (Ek) in relation to the light history of cells were observed. At short time scale (from hour to the scale of a neap-spring tide cycle), considerable variations of photosynthetic parameters were observed. Light conditions, temperature and nutrient availability were the main controlling factors. At longer time scale (from fortnightly to inter-annual scales), Fv/Fm, α (the maximal light utilization efficiency) and ETRm varied without any clear seasonal cycle. By contrast, Ek followed the seasonal variations of light except during summer where its changes of Ek were small compared to the light variability. At these time scales, close interplays between shifts of phytoplankton communities and changes of light, temperature and nutrient availability controlled the variability of photosynthetic parameters
Jouenne, Fabien. "Dynamique de la production primaire phytoplanctonique et structure de la communauté microalgale au sein d'un écosystème estuarien microtidal : la Baie des Veys (Manche Est)." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2002.
Full textOuba, Anthony. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle (2000-2013) de l'abondance, de la biomasse et du spectre de taille du zooplancton dans le bassin Levantin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066545/document.
Full textThe occurring of the cyclic Eastern Mediterranean Transient and the climatic change have effects on the Levantine marine ecosystem. Understanding the response of zooplankton to such variations is of importance for ecosystem services. This thesis represents a pioneer study in enlightening the seasonality and the interannuality, as well as the spectra size of the zooplankton at a fix point B2 (N34º14.856; E35º36.067, North Lebanon). In this context, a 14 years unique time-series was conducted by a 52 µm mesh size net and analyzed with a powerful synthetic index, the Zooscan to monitor changes in the pelagic system. The results found that the maximum zooplankton biomass was coupled to the phytoplankton spring bloom, whereas abundances increased in the summer possibly due to the recruitment. Following the EMT-like in 2005, the salinity increased in the study area and the whole basin. Zooplankton abundance and biomass increased abruptly possibly related to the enhanced primary production which is hidden by the "top down" control by zooplankton. Moreover, the nutrients enrichment of anthropogenic origin at the sea surface characterized the site by more or less productive occasional periods. The zooplankton size structure has also changed along the period depending on the hydrological factors. The spectral slope analysis showed an interannual variability according to the abundances. While the spectra shape analysis displayed a domination of big size individuals during winter and spring seasons. This automatic measurement highlighted the efficiency of detecting changes in zooplankton that can be related to broader ecosystem perturbation
Trentesaux, Alain. "Enregistrement de processus sédimentaires pléistocènesExemples de plates-formes détritiques et de bassins profondsMer du Nord et mers de Chine." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140889.
Full textL'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire est, par une approche sédimentologique, de reconstituer les conditions environnementales, tant sur les continents que sur les plates-formes, ayant conduit aux dépôts étudiés. Sur cette base, nous avons entrepris des études sur des dépôts du Pléistocène en mer du Nord ainsi que dans les mers de Chine de l'Est et du Sud. Cette époque, par sa proximité, permet des études à très haute résolution temporelle tandis qu'elle est caractérisée par des oscillations climatiques et eustatiques importantes et rapides. De plus, les dépôts les plus récents portent la trace de l'Homme.
Sur la plate-forme, l'étude des grands corps sableux, bancs et très grandes dunes, a permis de préciser les mécanismes de leur mise en place. A court terme, même dans les environnements dominés par la marée, l'importance de phénomènes sporadiques tels que les houles de tempêtes, a été démontrée. Ils impriment aux formes et à la structure des fonds marins leur marque tandis que les agents tidaux sont les pourvoyeurs du matériel sédimentaire. A plus long terme, ce ne sont plus les agents dynamiques qui conditionnent la préservation des corps sédimentaires mais la création d'espace disponible et l'importance des apports sédimentaires. Au niveau de l'estuaire de l'Authie, des séries de carottages nous ont aidé à mesurer les conséquences du mouvement vers le nord des divers ensembles sédimentaires sur le type de sédiment rencontré ainsi que sur les modifications d'un espace naturel convoité par l'Homme.
Dans les bassins profonds, en mer de Chine du Sud, nos études ont permis de préciser les sources du matériel sédimentaire et son transport en faisant la part des contributions éolienne, fluviatile et marine. L'étude des caractères sédimentologiques de la fraction détritique a permis également d'étudier la balance ntre l'érosion et l'altération sur les zones émergées ainsi que de voir quelle est la réponse des marqueurs détritiques aux changements climatiques globaux depuis 2 millions d'années.