Dissertations / Theses on the topic '"zootechnie"'
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Delamaire, Éloïse. "Régulation du prélèvement et de l'utilisation des nutriments par la glande mammaire en réponse à une diminution de la fréquence de la traite chez la vache laitière." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSARB173.
Full textOlmo, Cazevieille Françoise. "Les unités simples et complexes du vocabulaire français de la Zootechnie. Perspectives linguistique, lexicographique et contrastive." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9841.
Full textEsta investigación tiene como principal objetivo la caracterización del léxico francés de la zootecnia. La metodología se basa en un corpus de artículos del año 2001 extraídos de la revista científica y técnica Production Animale del Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA) por ser la única editada en lengua francesa que abarca todos los campos de la zootecnia. Asimismo, clasifica las unidades léxicas simples y complejas según unos criterios: temáticos, selectivos, ya que sólo se anotan las que se cotejan semánticamente con unidades léxicas del campo estudiado, cuantitativos basado en el número de ocurrencias del corpus trabajado, formales, en cuanto que las unidades complejas se clasifican según su fórmula sintáctica, y semánticos, ya que estas categorías gramaticales se subdividen a su vez en subcampos científicos. La primera parte de este trabajo inventaría un conjunto de 1400 unidades léxicas pertenecientes al campo temático de la zootecnia y diferencia en dicho conjunto dos clases de vocabulario: un léxico general utilizado frecuentemente en este campo y un léxico de baja, media y alta especialización. La segunda parte analiza dentro de la categoría del vocabulario especializado 1039 unidades léxicas: las unidades simples desde el punto de vista morfológico, para resaltar las formaciones recientes; las unidades complejas morfológicamente y simples semánticamente, desde un punto de vista formal, semántico, lexicográfico, monolingüe y bilingüe y, cuantitativo. Para ello, se estudia la presencia / ausencia de cada unidad léxica en tres obras lexicográficas: el Nouveau Petit Robert de la langue française (2000), el Diccionario Técnico de Producción Animal (DAPT) de Elsevier (1993) y el Gran Diccionario Terminológico (GDT) de l'Office de la Langue Française (OLF) de Québec (de 2002 a 2005) actualizado diariamente en línea y se proponen una definición adaptada al ejemplo extraído del vaciado de los artículos y una equivalencia en español. Ambas propuestas se realizan tras otras lecturas, siempre referidas, de artículos originales del ámbito de la zootecnia en francés y en español y la consulta con expertos del Departamento de Ciencia Animal de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Valencia. De esta manera, se aportan datos para que sirvan de base de reflexión a los investigadores y para que puedan ayudar a cualquier persona interesada en el vocabulario francés de la zootecnia.
Mahmoudi, Yousra. "Impacts du type de logement en élevage de poules pondeuses sur les performances zootechniques et le bien-être animal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26829.
Full textCasu, Sara. "Recherche de QTL contrôlant la cinétique de l'émission du lait et la morphologie de la mamelle chez les brebis laitières." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0024.
Full textLambert-Derkimba, Adeline. "Inscription des races locales dans les conditions de production des produits animaux sous AOC : enjeux et conséquences pour la gestion collective des races mobilisées." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3558/01/LAMBERT-DERKIMBA_Th%C3%A8se.pdf.
Full textWhile biodiversity policies support the economic valorisation of the breeds, the local breed becomes a strong support of the territorial anchoring of the products under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). A preliminary study confirms that, in France, the racial obligation is more and more often included in the technical rules of the animal PDO but shows the recurrence of the tensions. To what extent and under which conditions the mobilization of some breeds in PDO does induce change in the management of these breeds? We chose to consider two major kinds of conditions: the distribution of the weight of the collectives (breed vs. Product) in the decision-making, and the leeway of the individual breeders in their strategies. This choice is tested on three identified objects of research: (i) evolution of the selection goals and programs, (ii) the dynamics of the practices of herds renewal and (iii) the appropriation of the breeds by the various stakeholders. Three contrasted situations (species, seniority of the coupling, and valorisation) are retained to observe the practices of the actors, to collect their speeches as well as technical and administrative documents: cow cheeses in Northern Alps, ewe cheese in the Western Pyrenees and the pork-butchery in Corsica Island. These situations were not selected for their representativeness but for their exemplarity in the expression of the influences of the breed-PDO coupling. The work was organized in two steps : (i) the analysis of the three cases, seeking to emphasize a possible expression of the framework and reflexions by case, and (ii) a comparative analysis of these reflexions resulting from the three situations, to build a more general model in order to understand the influences of the coupling on breed management. We observed the diversity of influences when the racial criterion is associated to a limit of performances: for some, this association leads in a systematic way to a modification of the selection criteria, whereas for others, an individual management by breeding practices represents the main lever. However, breed as a mandatory criterion seems to have a rather systematic impact on the development of the breeding animals market. Increasing demand of pure breed animals can support the development of breeds, but the risk to decrease the selection pressure remains. These various elements show the possible influences of the coupling on the breed management. We raised 7 criteria allowing to define the conditions of expressions of these influences, classified according to the type of influence observed. The criteria related to the interaction between the collectives concern a direct influence: financing of the collectives, cross representations (people having responsibilities in both the breed and the PDO management), distribution breed number. 5 The criteria related to leeway of the breeders concern an indirect influence: range of values of the breeding animals, choice of the breeding animals, constitution of the herd and feeding practices. All these criteria enable us to build-up a model which, without claiming to be predictive, can help new situation to become more intelligible. Finally, we underline the concept of appropriation of the resource. Animal breeds may benefit from their appropriation by a group of people concerned by the PDO. However, some cases show the risks of monopolization of a given breed by this PDO group. We propose thus certain lines to develop a more general reflexion about conservation and valorisation of the local breeds
Santschi, Débora. "Impacts d'une régie de tarissement court pour les troupeaux laitiers québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27237/27237.pdf.
Full textPhilipon, Patrick. "Immunisation active contre l'androsténédione et taux d'ovulation chez la brebis : analyse physiologique et zootechnique." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4008.
Full textBlouin, Sandra, and Sandra Blouin. "La relation à l'animal : la robotisation au coeur de l'élevage laitier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38206.
Full textL’élevage laitier est un secteur agricole important au Québec. Il est aujourd’hui en plein changement alors que de plus en plus d’entrepreneurs agricoles se tournent vers la robotisation de leur ferme afin d’accroître leur productivité. Au coeur de ce processus, le robot de traite réduit la charge de travail de l’éleveur et permet d’analyser chaque vache d’un troupeau. Plutôt que d’être attachées dans l’étable et de se faire traire deux fois par jour à des heures régulières, les vaches sont dorénavant en liberté et se rendent elles-mêmes au robot de traite à tour de rôle. Ce mémoire vise à analyser l’impact des robots de traite au sein d’une ferme. Il tente d’évaluer si les relations entre les éleveurs et les vaches sont modifiées par l’arrivée d’un robot. Il permet aussi de se pencher sur la manière dont cette relation affecte le bien-être de l’animal. Pour ce faire, ce mémoire explore entre autres l’histoire de l’agriculture en sol québécois, l’histoire et les implications éthiques de la domestication animale, le contrat domestique avec l’animal et la subjectivité animale du point de vue phénoménologique. Chaque chapitre permet de revenir sur l’enjeu des robots de traite afin de l’analyser sous plusieurs angles.
Beaudoin, Jean-Michel. "Étude comportementale de l'intérêt des porcs à l'engraissement envers des objets d'enrichissement et évaluation de l'utilisation d'une analyse automatisée basée sur des données d'accélérométrie comparativement à l'analyse vidéo." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27943.
Full textSeck, Matar. "Comparaisons de paramètres endocrinologiques (LH, FSH et testostérone) et testiculaires entre des mâles ovins Mérinos d'Arles et croisés Boo X MA porteurs et non porteurs du gène majeur (F) de prolificité." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20155.
Full textFreiss, Julien. "EVOLUTION DE LA QUALITE DU LAIT LORS DE L'INSTALLATION D'UN ROBOT DE TRAITE : DESCRIPTION ET FACTEURS DE VARIATION." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600088.
Full textSonjaya, Herry. "Étude comparative de la différenciation ovarienne et endocrinienne pendant la période prépubère chez des agnelles prolifiques ou non." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20152.
Full textChemineau, Philippe. "Influence de la saison sur l'activité sexuelle du cabrit créole mâle et femelle." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20057.
Full textBergeron, Nadia. "Impacts de l'alimentation végétale, de la phytase et de la saison sur la composition de la litière et les performances zootechniques des coqs à chair." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27819/27819.pdf.
Full textPelletier, Sophie. "Production d'un fourrage adapté aux vaches taries." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23923/23923.pdf.
Full textSaumande, Jean. "Endocrinologie de la superovulation chez la vache." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609709k.
Full textCesbron, Noura. "Les SARMs (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators) : une nouvelle famille d'agents anabolisants. Etude des effets zootechniques associés et développement de stratégies analytiques visant la mise en évidence de leur utilisation chez le jeune bovin." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ONIR098F/document.
Full textNew compounds with anabolic properties have recently become accessible via Internet-based suppliers: selective androgens receptor modulators (SARMs) currently developed for the treatment of chronic diseases with wasting muscle. Ostarine® (MK-2866, GTX-024, enobosarm), in particular, exerts its anabolic effects exclusively on the skeletal muscles and has no androgenic activity. Based on its mechanism of action and clinical preliminary results, this product could potentially be used as a growth promoter in cattle. In this context, the aims of this thesis are to validate tools allowing to describe the zootechnical effects that may be induced by an oral administration of enobosarm in calves and to develop analytical strategies dedicated to highlight its fraudulent use. Following a comparison between control animals and enobosarm treated animals, no morphological effect was visible and measurable in terms of growth and conformation. It was then demonstrated that enobosarm and its main phase II metabolites are eliminated in urine and feces at concentrations allowing their detection with analytical techniques using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling. Finally, a metabolomics approach on urine and fecal matrices led to the description of specific and discriminant fingerprints signaling the administration of enobosarm. This multidisciplinary research work helps to generate knowledge on a new class of anabolic substance and therefore contributes to guarantee a more chemically-safe food of animal origin to the consumer
Blouin, Jérémie. "Étude économique d'une norme volontaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28251.
Full textConstraints, increasing product quality or improving brand image are reasons that can justify why a firm, or a group of firms would adopt norms. In this master thesis, many studies about normalization are summarized to lay grounds for a theoretical model. The model shows that processors can produce higher value-added goods with higher a quality input (product innovation), for which consumers are willing to pay more. Our analysis shows that a small processor can mitigate market competition with a bigger processor that can decrease its unit cost (process innovation). Our results show that when the small processor chooses his quality independently from his competitor, the latter doesn’t reduce his costs aggressively. When both firms innovate, their profits increase. In the second part of this thesis, two questionnaires are constructed to assess the consumers’ willingness to pay for an increased quality milk. The two surveys allow us to treat a hypothetic type of milk having either a private or a public-good characteristic. Respondents in each survey signal strong animal welfare preferences, as the additional attribute for this type of milk is the access for cows to pastures.
Chaibou, Mahamadou. "Productivité zootechnique du désert : Le cas du bassin laitier d'Agadez au Niger." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20017.
Full textSoubrier, Stéphanie. ""Races guerrières" : armée, science et politique dans l'empire colonial français (années 1850-1918)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H096.
Full textTheorized in 1910 by general Charles Mangin, who advocated the recruitment of a Force noire in French West Africa, the races guerrières category was used in France, between the 1850s and the end of the First World War, to designate colonized groups deemed especially warlike and prone to military service. This dissertation traces the emergence of this unique military and ethnographic category, during the second part of the XIXth century. It studies the ways in which it was put into practice, its imperial and transimperial circulations, as well as the role played by the races guerrières themselves in the construction of the category. Military archives, among which Mangin’s files, colonial officers and soldiers’ writings, and a selection of scientific sources offer insights into the internal definition of races guerrières, and its connection with races non guerrières. Although colonial officers and the military presented it as a recruitment tool, the races guerrières category was very unstable and was never used as a precise guide to select indigenous recruits. However, it gave birth to the ambiguous figure of the native soldier, both reassuring and threatening. The experience of the First World War, during which the category was first put to the test on European ground, offered both a confirmation and a refutation
Delfosse, Cyril. "Méthodes d'évaluation et de contrôle du stress chez les salmonides d'élevage : Implications sanitaires, zootechniques et environnementales." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0003/document.
Full textFrom hatching to slaughter, Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout are subjected to several stressful events. Stress impairs physiological, behavioral and zootechnical performances of animals. The public interest in animal welfare brings us to study the assessment and control methods of stress in farmed salmonids. To do that, we studied the consequences of two different stressful events and proposed a method for assessing welfare of freshwater Rainbow trout. We also studied the interaction between stress and pathology with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis. After developing an attractiveness test of salmon for the parasite, we investigated the influence of shortand long-term stress on salmon attractiveness for the parasite. Handling stress increased attractiveness of salmon for the parasite, while there was no difference between chronically stressed and control salmon. We proposed then a method to control this parasite by isolating a semiochemical which inhibit the hooking behavior of the parasite on the host. These results open interesting prospects for improving the assessment and control methods of stress in farmed salmonids. The investigation of stress consequences on animal welfare and on production performances is crucial. The semiochemical inhibiting the hooking behavior of the parasite on the salmon needs more studies to identify its mechanisms of action for use in farms
Fourichon, Christine. "Evaluation de l'impact zootechnique et économique des troubles de santé en élevage bovin laitier." Rennes, ENSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NSARB127.
Full textPhilipon, Patrick. "Immunisation active contre l'androstènedione et taux d'ovulation chez la brebis analyse physiologique et zootechnique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376175130.
Full textPIAZZESI, Benedetta. "Domesticare gli istinti. Una genealogia del discorso etologico." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/89422.
Full textQuesta ricerca propone un'indagine genealogica su un modello di governo animale che abbiamo definito “etologico”. Esso si delinea tra la seconda metà del XVIII secolo e la prima metà del XIX secolo, e si pone in una discontinuità tangibile rispetto ai modelli precedenti di sfruttamento delle risorse animali e a quelli successivi di stampo zootecnico e industriale. La nostra tesi è che l'apparizione, nel 1854, di una scienza cui è assegnato il nome di “etologia” sancisca la mobilitazione di un interesse per le moeurs e gli istinti animali che è di tipo governamentale prima ancora che scientifico. A questo scopo abbiamo sondato una serie di campi discorsivi differenziati, in particolare veterinario, naturalistico e zoofilo, per mostrare come la ridefinizione del problema del governo animale, in termini di soin, adoucissement des moeurs (degli uomini e degli animali) e domestication, abbia suscitato un interesse positivo per i comportamenti animali come bersaglio di un potere che si fa al tempo stesso più duraturo e più dolce, più pervasivo e meno brutale. È da questo campo di trasformazione e valorizzazione degli istinti, che prende le mosse la positività di un sapere dei comportamenti animali radicalmente differente rispetto al dibattito classico sull'âme des bêtes. Questa indagine rappresenta dunque l'occasione non solo per una storia epistemologica dell'etologia nel XIX secolo (che resta peraltro un campo di saperi ancora poco studiato dagli storici delle scienze), ma anche e soprattutto per una storia politica delle forme di governo animale. Al di là della querelle sulla politicità de jure della questione animale, proponiamo infatti la considerazione di una politicizzazione de facto dei discorsi e delle pratiche che concernono lo sfruttamento animale, che coincide con quella svolta nelle logiche di potere che Michel Foucault ha definito biopolitica. Seguiremo dunque le tappe dell'effettivo investimento epistemologico e politico sulle tecnologie di allevamento animale, così come il modo in cui tale attenzione nei confronti del corpo animale, delle sue capacità produttive e riproduttive, e infine delle sue prestazioni comportamentali, abbia a sua volta trasformato le logiche di potere sull'uomo “in quanto vivente”. Una genealogia delle forme di razionalità nel governo animale si configura in questo senso come un passaggio obbligato per una più profonda comprensione della modernità politica nel suo rapporto con la natura, dentro e fuori l'umano.
Cette recherche propose une investigation généalogique d'un modèle de gouvernement animal que nous avons défini d'« éthologique ». Son cadre temporel s'étend de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle à la première moitié du XIXe siècle et il s'inscrit dans une discontinuité tangible par rapport aux modèles d'exploitation des ressources animales précédents ainsi que par rapport aux modèles zootechniques et industriels successifs. Notre thèse est que l'apparition, en 1854, d'une science à laquelle est attribué le nom d'« éthologie » indique un intérêt pour les moeurs et les instincts animaux ayant été gouvernemental avant même d'être scientifique. À cette fin, nous avons considéré un ensemble de domaines discursifs différents, notamment vétérinaire, naturaliste et zoophile, pour montrer comment la redéfinition du problème du gouvernement animal, en termes de soins, d'adoucissement des moeurs (des hommes et des animaux) et de domestication, a suscité un intérêt positif pour le comportement animal comme cible d'un pouvoir à la fois plus durable et plus doux, plus envahissant et moins brutal. C'est de ce champ de transformation et de valorisation des instincts que procède la positivité d'un savoir des comportements animaux radicalement différente par rapport au débat classique sur l'âme des bêtes. Cette enquête représente donc une opportunité non seulement pour une histoire épistémologique de l'éthologie au XIXe siècle (qui demeure un champ d'étude encore peu exploré par les historiens des sciences), mais aussi et surtout pour une histoire politique du gouvernement animal. Au-delà de la querelle sur la politicité de jure de la question animale, nous proposons d'envisager une politisation de facto des discours et des pratiques concernant l'exploitation des animaux, qui coïncide avec ce tournant dans les logiques du pouvoir que Michel Foucault a appelé biopolitique. Nous suivrons donc les étapes de l'investissement épistémologique et politique effectif sur le technologies d'élevage. Nous examinerons également de quelle manière cette attention portée au corps animal, à ses capacités de production et de reproduction, et enfin à ses performances comportementales, a transformé à son tour les logiques du pouvoir sur l'homme « en tant qu'être vivant ». Une généalogie des formes de rationalité du gouvernement animal est en ce sens une étape obligée vers une compréhension plus profonde de la modernité politique dans sa relation avec la nature, chez et au-delà de l'être humain.
Cervantes, Norma P. "Fonctionnement des élevages bovins mixtes, en milieu tropical mexicain (État de Colima) : analyse zootechnique et diversité génétique ; perspectives d'amélioration." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20181.
Full textVantrimponte, Mary-Noëlle. "Developpement des activites alimentaires et sociales chez lz porcelt en relation avec l'environnement en maternite : approche zootechnique et comportementale." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10002.
Full textCervantes, Norma P. "Fonctionnement des élevages bovins mixtes, en milieu tropical mexicain (Etat de Colima) analyse zootechnique et diversité génétique : perspectives d'amélioration /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376125620.
Full textVantrimponte, Mary-Noëlle. "Développement des activités alimentaires et sociales chez le porcelet en relation avec l'environnement en maternité approche zootechnique et comportementale /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376190311.
Full textMadec, Iltud. "Effets du sémiochimique MHUSA (Mother Hens' Uropygial Secretion Analogue) sur le stress des poulets de chair : approches zootechnique, physiologique et comportementale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7819/1/madec.pdf.
Full textGreiveldinger, Lucile. "Processus d'évaluation et réponses émotionnelles chez les ovins : prévisibilité, contrôlabilité, correspondance aux attentes et contexte social." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718313.
Full textLollivier, Vanessa. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet de l'ocytocine sur la production laitière chez la vache et la chèvre : Approche zootechnique et étude au niveau cellulaire." Rennes, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARB156.
Full textGuinebretière, Maryse. "Comment aménager les cages de poules pondeuses afin d'enrichir leur comportement, tout en préservant les performances zootechniques et l'hygiène de la cage : étude focalisée sur la taille de groupe et les solutions pour aménager l'aire de grattage et le nid." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4002/document.
Full textHow to set up laying hen cages to enrich hen behavior whilst ensuring zootechnical performance and cage hygiene. A study focusing on group size and solutions to provide pecking and scratching area and nest. As of 2012, cages must enable hens to express their full behavioral repertoire (directive 1999/74/CE). Difficulties in setting up cages tend to hinder adoption of the directive by farmers. The aim of this work was: first, to study the effect of increasing the number of hens per cage ; and second, to find out which cage set-ups were the most efficient for enriching the laying hens’ behavioral repertoire whilst also ensuring zootechnical performance, animal health and egg and cage hygiene. In the cage models we tested, 60-hen cages were found to be preferable to 20- or 40-hen cages. Although not ideal, artificial turf mat was preferable to the other mats tested. The provision of friable substrate in cages improved pecking and scratching behaviors, as well as dustbathing behaviors, but to a lesser extent. Wheat bran can be spread over the cage floors as a friable substrate instead of feed. However, certain issues have not yet been resolved. The installation of hard panels on the floors of the cages to promote scratching and pecking behaviors should ensure an optimal balance between the hens’ needs and farming constraints
Tresset, Anne. "Le rôle des relations homme/animal dans l'évolution économique et culturelle des sociétés des Ve-IVe millénaires en Bassin Parisien : approche ethno-zootechnique fondée sur les ossements animaux." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010638.
Full textCurrent research in archaeozoology has established that herding practices, and - very likely - domestic stocks, were introduced at the very end of the sixth millenium before Christ in the Paris basin, by settlers already neolithised. During the fifth and fourth millenia (regional ancient and middle neolithic), these practices evolved very deeply. The collation of archaeozoological data and those obtained by other disciplines points out the linkage existing between these changes and technical, economical, cultural and environmental shifts that have occured at the same time in neolithic societies. It also reveals the determinant impact of cultural factor on the evolution of herding practices and meat supply. The comparison between the evolution of herding practices as demonstrated for the Paris Basin during the fifth and fourth millenia and what has been observed elsewhere in Europe in lights the specificity of the former in the neolithisation process, between periphery and center
Castellanos, Maria Inés. "Etude de l'efficacité zootechnique et sanitaire de probiotiques à base de bactéries lactiques : utilisation de méthodes de biologie moléculaire pour le suivi de ces couches en milieux complexes." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR16004.
Full textSartori, Diogo de Lucca. "Painel portante estrutural com chapa de partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e resina de mamona para centro de manejo bovino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-25092012-083907/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to adjust a process for the manufacture of particleboards of sugarcane bagasse and bi-component polyurethane resin a base of castor oil, toevaluate its physic-mechanical properties, microstructure and durability of this material and to validate its use as component of self-bearing panel for use as a lateral closure of zootechnics installations for cattle. The particleboard quality was evaluated based on the requirements of normative documents NBR 14810 (2006) and ANSI A208.1 (1999). Particleboards were manufactured with particles size up to 8 and 5 mm, to identify the appropriate size of the raw material forthe application in particleboards for composition of the self-bearing panel. Then, a prototype ofself-bearing panel in reforestation wood and sugarcane particleboards it was developed and manufactured, which had its structural performance evaluated by soft body impact test. The results indicate that particleboards with particles size up to 8 mm showed values of physical-mechanical properties that met the minimum recommendations of the normative documents for structural use. The self-bearing panel showed adequate structural performance to withstand impact loads under the conditions of use and it can be designate asan alternative to closing side of cattle handling facilities.
Ceï, Willy. "Effet du parasitisme gastro-intestinal et de l'alimentation chez les petits ruminants en croissance : production de viande caprine en conditions d'élevage locales." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0155/document.
Full textNew agroecological guidelines are needed around the world to develop livestock systems that are adapted to the environmental, efficient and environmentally and socially beneficial ecosystem services requirements. The question arises singularly in our Caribbean territories and this in the context of an urgent demand in meat products of quality and ofhigh patrimonial value as is the goat meat in Guadeloupe. Small ruminants, mainly grazed, are exposed to gastrointestinal nematode (NGI) infestations, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The deployment of adapted and applicable techniques in the field is necessary. Therefore, methods of integrated management of parasitism are recommended among which are studied the strategies of feeding of the animals. The ability of the host animal to tolerate adverse effects (resilience) or to control infestations by NGI (resistance) should be enhanced by food supplementation. The objective of this thesis was to define supplementation strategies for growing kidneys, the physiological stage most affected by NGI and whose zootechnical performances directly affect the incarne of producers (meat production).Discussions focus on the development of targeted complementing strategies and attempt to answer questions: how to complement? (ln energy, nitrogen or both); When to complement? (Delay effects or effects during an established infestation). lt was also a question oftesting the life-size recommendations and on several variables (physiopathological responses and zootechnical responses including carcass characteristics). In this sense this work has presented a certain originality. There was no statistically significant effect on carcass quality, however, in carcassinfected animals the carcasses were more degraded, especially with a low-protein diet. The complementation contribution was combined with a series of recommendations of integrated management of parasitism (genetic pathway, famacha method) and particularly a management strategy of mixed grazing with heifers. An increase in the zootechnical results (growth and carcass), body condition score and an improvement in physiological response, hematocrit) were obtained. A decrease in the number of anthelmintic treatments is also observed. This trial addressed the operationality of complementation for a breeder. In general, this work also opened up scientific questions about the interaction nutrition * parasitism with a focus on nitrogen nutrition to disconnect from the energy suooly
Lobato, Daniel Navarro. "Avaliação de indicadores zootécnicos e econômicos em duas regiões produtoras de leite no Estado de Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5975.
Full textThis work was carried out to evaluate the influence of technical indicators on the profitability of dairy farms in two regions of Minas Gerais: Mucuri Valley and South of Minas. It used data from 62 dairy farms, all of these included in the Educampo Milk Project/Sebrae-MG, that were grouped according to the two regions. The dataset corresponded to period from August 2005 to July 2008 and was corrected to July 2008 by using IGP-DI (internal general prices index) of Getúlio Vargas Foundation. The evaluated period encompassed three agricultural years. The influence of different indicators on the return rate on capital including land (RRCL) was assessed through path analysis. The South of Minas presents limitations as the profitability of activity of milk production seems to be linked to questions regarding costs of labor and concentrate, besaides with a demand for a better herd structure, which seems to consist an inherent characteristic of this region. Relationships were too observed with milk price paid to producers. On the other hand, the Mucuri Valley region was characterized by low specialization of dairy activity. Therefore, management systems aimed at increasing RRCL should seek increased productivity of livestock and area along with the balance of herd structure. Nevertheless, this region has shown that there is a great variability of production systems that lets then be profitable. Otherwise, it was found in the South of Minas a more specific herd structure.
Desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia de indicadores técnicos na rentabilidade de fazendas produtoras de leite em duas regiões do Estado de Minas Gerais: Vale do Mucuri e Sul de Minas. Foram utilizadas informações de 62 propriedades produtoras de leite, todas participantes do Projeto Educampo Leite/Sebrae-MG, agrupadas nas duas mesorregiões. O período de análise dos dados foi de agosto de 2005 a julho de 2008, corrigidos pelo IGP-DI (índice geral de preços de disponibilidade interna) da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, para julho de 2008, compreendendo três anos agrícolas. A influência dos diferentes indicadores sobre a taxa de retorno do capital com terra (TRCCT) foi avaliada por intermédio de análise de trilha. A região Sul de Minas apresenta limitações quanto à rentabilidade da atividade de produção de leite que parecem estar associadas a questões de custos da mão-de-obra, do concentrado, juntamente com melhor adequação estrutural do rebanho, que parece ser característica inerente à região, além do preço do leite pago ao produtor. Por outro lado, a região do Vale do Mucuri se caracteriza pelo baixo nível de especialização da atividade. Portanto, sistemas de gerenciamento que visem o aumento da taxa de retorno do capital com terra devem buscar o aumento da produtividade do rebanho e da área, juntamente com o equilíbrio da estrutura de rebanho. Apesar disso, esta região demonstrou que existe certo nível de variabilidade dos sistemas de produção que os tornam rentáveis. Caso contrário, foi constatado no Sul de Minas, cujos sistemas de produção são estruturados de forma mais específica e especializada.
Camilo, Neto Matozalém. "Análise de indicadores zootécnicos e econômicos de fazendas leiteiras em Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5952.
Full textThe objectives of this work were to identify and quantify reference-indicators in dairy production systems in the region of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, and thus, regionalize the major dairy farming indicators, as suggested by Oliveira et al. (2007) for southern Bahia. The technological profile and the zootechnic, economic and size indicators were analyzed in 16 farms. The coefficients of correlation with the capital remuneration rate (CRR) indicators were also determined. To each indicator (13) presenting correlation with the CRR, a regression equation was generated in function of the CRR invested to quantify the reference-indicators in 5 CRR scenarios previously defined (0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 % per year). The indicators presenting correlation and their respective values in the five CRR scenarios were: area utilized for dairy activity (126, 99, 90, 81 and 73 ha); lactating cows per total cows ratio (67, 74, 77, 79 and 82 %); number of lactating cows per area (0.55, 0.89, 0.99, 1.11 and 1.22 cows/ha); milk production per lactating cow (9.16, 12.04, 13.00, 13.96 and 14.92 liters/cow/day); milk production per cow total (6.07, 9.19, 10.23, 11.27 and 12.31 liters/cow/day); labor productivity (243, 322, 349, 375 and 402 liters/d/); land productivity (1.97, 4.51, 5.36, 6.20 and 7.04 liters/ha/year); ratio between effective operational cost of milk and price of milk (77, 69, 66, 63 and 60 %); ratio between total operational cost of milk and price of milk (91, 80, 76, 72 and 69 %); ratio between total cost of milk and price of milk (107, 93, 88, 82 and 77 %); ratio between contracted labor cost and gross income (20, 15, 13, 11 and 9%); ratio between activity net and activity gross income margin-profitability (2, 15, 19, 23 and 28 %); and ratio between capital invested in an activity and milk produced per day (1,200, 922, 829, 736 and 644 R$/liter/day).
Os objetivos do trabalho foram identificar e quantificar indicadores-referência em sistemas de produção de leite na região de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais,e, com isso, regionalizar os principais indicadores da pecuária de leite, conforme sugerido por Oliveira et al. (2007) para o extremo sul da Bahia. Foram analisados o perfil tecnológico e os indicadores zootécnicos, econômicos e de tamanho em 16 fazendas. Em seguida, foram determinados os coeficientes de correlação dos indicadores com a taxa de remuneração do capital (TRC). Para cada indicador (13) que apresentou correlação com a TRC, foi gerada uma equação de regressão em função da TRC investida para quantificar indicadores-referência em cinco cenários de TRC previamente definidos (0, 6, 8, 10 e 12 % ao ano). Os indicadores que apresentaram correlação e seus respectivos valores nos cinco cenários de TRC foram: área utilizada para atividade leiteira (126, 99, 90, 81 e 73 ha); relação de vacas em lactação por total de vacas (67, 74, 77, 79 e 82 %); número de vacas em lactação por área (0,55, 0,89, 0,99, 1,11 e 1,22 vacas/ha); produção de leite por vaca em lactação (9,16, 12,04, 13,00, 13,96 e 14,92 litros/vaca/ dia); produção de leite por total de vacas (6,07, 9,19, 10,23, 11,27 e 12,31 litros/vaca/dia); produtividade da mão-de-obra (243, 322, 349, 375 e 402 litros/d/); produtividade da terra (1.97, 4.51, 5.36, 6.20 e 7.04 litros/ha/ano); relação do custo operacional efetivo do leite por preço do leite (77, 69, 66, 63 e 60 %); relação do custo operacional total do leite por preço do leite (91, 80, 76, 72 e 69 %); relação do custo total do leite por preço do leite (107, 93, 88, 82 e 77 %); relação do gasto com mão-de-obra contratada por renda bruta da atividade (20, 15, 13, 11 e 9 %); relação da margem líquida da atividade por renda bruta da atividade lucratividade (2, 15, 19, 23 e 28 %); e relação do capital investido na atividade por leite produzido ao dia (1.200, 922, 829, 736 e 644 R$/litro/dia).
Costard, Anne. "Optimisation de modèles permettant de réduire l'incidence d'une maladie par l'introduction de nouveaux critères de sélection liés à de(s) gène(s) de résistance chez les animaux domestiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0062/document.
Full textThe resources to be used in domestic animals to fight against the diseases depend on their diffusion speed, their virulence and especially their ability to pass the species barrier. Some diseases cause significant economic losses in animals (hundreds of thousands of cows were culled during the BSE epidemic). Moreover, in the zoonotic case, diseases transmissible to humans, measures to be implemented are generally extremely expensive both at the farm and population levels. Several strategies for the prevention and / or treatment of infectious diseases are possible : chemical treatments, vaccination, disinfection of livestock buildings and herd management, health monitoring and traceability of food products, or partial or full slaughtering of herds . These measures can be very costly and sometimes ineffective. These diseases can be mono or multifactorial. In the case of genetic diseases (most often single gene such as sheep scrapie), gene-assisted selection can be a complementary strategy to existing strategies. But this selection can not be done independently of the selection of the traditional production traits such as the quantity of milk in dairy breeds or the number and the growth of animals in beef breeds. The question that arises is how to reach as quickly as possible an almost zero incidence of the disease by creating a population displaying a high proportion of the resistant allele at the gene of interest while minimizing the loss of genetic progress on traditional production traits. The objective of this thesis was to answer this question by proposing a parametric approach to model and optimize the selection strategy. The parametrization of the model allowed to describe in detail the characteristics of the gene (s) selected for resistance (s) and those of the breeding scheme on production traits, often complex in domestic animals. The model outputs were the evolution of distributions of production traits (means, variability) and allele frequencies of resistance / sensitivity. To take into account the selection process, a dynamic model was used. Deterministic and stochastic approaches have been developed and have been optimized using a genetic algorithm. The optimal strategy may be difficult to apply. The optimal strategy may be taken as a reference for the development of selection strategies. It is thus possible to evaluate different scenarios such as the genotyping organization (for the resistance gene) in the selected population, the choice of the mating according to their genotype, the method of dissemination of reproducers to the production farms. The methodology developed in this work has been applied to the scrapie case, a possible example among other diseases. Different strategies close to optimal have been combined with an epidemiological model to analyze their impact of the spread of the disease
Pinheiro, Fernando Maria Leite. "Estudo sobre fontes de proteÃna de origem animal e vegetal em dietas para leitÃes em perÃodo de creche." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4515.
Full textA pesquisa foi conduzida no Setor de Suinocultura do Centro de CiÃncias AgrÃrias do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. O experimento teve a duraÃÃo de 42 dias e foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho zootÃcnico, a histomorfometria intestinal, o perfil microbiolÃgico fecal, a ocorrÃncia de diarrÃia, os indicadores sÃricos do metabolismo do nitrogÃnio e o custo de produÃÃo de leitÃes submetidos a dietas contendo diferentes fontes de proteÃna de origem animal e vegetal durante a fase 1 (21-42 dias de idade) e 2 (42-63 dias de idade) do perÃodo de creche. Participaram do ensaio, inicialmente, 80 leitÃes machos linhagem comercial desmamados aos 21 dias de idade e com peso mÃdio de 5,49kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos, 4 repetiÃÃes e 4 animais por repetiÃÃo na 1 semana, 3 animais por repetiÃÃo na 2 semana e 2 animais por repetiÃÃo na 3 semana (final da fase 1) e por toda a fase 2, sendo feito o desdobramento num fatorial 2 x 2 + 1, composto por duas fontes protÃicas animal (farinha de carne - FC e plasma sanguÃneo em pà - PSP), duas fontes protÃicas vegetal (farelo de algodÃo - FA e farelo da amÃndoa da castanha de caju - FACC) e um adicional (dieta controle - T1). Quando a anÃlise de variÃncia detectou significÃncia entre os tratamentos, foram aplicados contrastes para testar os efeitos dos fatores. AlÃm disso, a comparaÃÃo de mÃdias para proteÃna de origem animal (POA) e proteÃna de origem vegetal (POV) com a dieta controle foi feita atravÃs do teste de Dunnet. As dietas experimentais foram isonutritivas com 22% de proteÃna bruta (PB) e 3.500 kcal ED/kg na fase 1, sendo T1 â Dieta controle (DC) + 10% de leite desnatado em pà (LDP); T2 â DC + 5% PSP+ 15% FA; T3 - DC + 5% FC + 15% FA; T4 â DC + 5% PSP + 15% FACC e T5 - DC + 5% FC + 15% FACC. Para a fase 2 os tratamentos continham 21% PB e 3.400 kcal ED/kg, sendo T1 â Dieta controle (DC) + 5% LDP; T2 â DC + 4% PSP+ 12% FA; T3 - DC + 4% FC + 12% FA; T4 â DC + 4% PSP + 12% FACC e T5 - DC + 4% FC + 12% FACC. Foi concluÃdo que a substituiÃÃo do LDP pelo PSP ou pela FC, como fontes protÃicas de origem animal, à viÃvel com respeito aos parÃmetros histomorfomÃtricos, na primeira e segunda semana da fase 1; contagem das colÃnias fecais (CCF) e concentraÃÃo plasmÃtica das proteÃnas totais (CPPT), ao final das fases 1 e 2; e concentraÃÃo plasmÃtica de urÃia (CPU), ao final da fase 2. Entretanto, para os parÃmetros de desempenho zootÃcnico, em ambas as fases; e ocorrÃncia de diarrÃia, na primeira semana da fase 1, apenas o PSP mostrou-se viÃvel. A inclusÃo de 15% de FA ou 15% de FACC, em substituiÃÃo parcial ao farelo de soja, como fonte protÃica de origem vegetal, à satisfatÃria em relaÃÃo aos parÃmetros histomorfomÃtricos, na primeira e segunda semana da fase 1; CCF, CPPT e CPU, ao final das fases 1 e 2; alÃm da ocorrÃncia de diarrÃia, na primeira semana da fase 1. Contudo para os parÃmetros de desempenho zootÃcnico apenas o FA revelou-se viÃvel em ambas as fases. NÃo foram registradas interaÃÃes significativas (P>0,05) entre os fatores (proteÃna de origem animal â POA x proteÃna de origem vegetal - POV) para os parÃmetros de desempenho zootÃcnico, nas fases 1 e 2; para a CCF e CPPT, ao final da fase 1 e 2; alÃm da CPU, ao final da fase 2. Entre os fatores (semana x dieta experimental) nÃo foram verificadas interaÃÃes significativas (P>0,05) para os parÃmetros histomorfomÃtricos. Todavia para a CPU, ao final da fase 1, foram constatadas interaÃÃes significativas (P<0,05). Na fase 1, a dieta controle, e as dietas contendo FC, como POA, e FACC, como POV, proporcionaram o maior nÃmero de cepas microbianas nas fezes dos leitÃes. Na fase 2, as dietas contendo PSP, como POA, e FA, como POV, proporcionaram o maior nÃmero de cepas microbianas nas fezes dos leitÃes. A melhor resposta econÃmica para produÃÃo de leitÃes no perÃodo de creche foi obtida com a dieta contendo PSP e FA (T2)
The research was developed in the Sector of Swine of the Department of Zootechnia of the Center of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of CearÃ. The experiment had the duration of 42 days and it was accomplished with the objective of evaluating the zootechnic performance, the intestinal histomorfometry, the fecal microbiological profile, the diarrhea occurrence, the serical indicators of the nitrogen metabolism and the production cost of piglets submitted to diets containing different sources of animal and vegetable protein origin during the phases 1 (21-42 days of age)and 2 (42-63 days of age) in the nursery period. They participated in the assay, initially, 80 male piglets of commercial lineage weaned at 21 days of age and with medium weight of 5,49kg. The experiment followed randomized blocks, with 5 treatments, 4 repetitions and 4 animals per repetition in the 1st week, 3 animals per repetition in the 2nd week and 2 animals per repetition in the 3rd week (end of phase 1) and for the whole phase 2, being made the unfolding in a factorial 2 x 2 + 1, composed by two sources of animal protein (meat meal - MM and powdered sanguine plasma - PSP), two sources of vegetal protein (cotton meal - CM and cashew nut meal - CNM) and an additional one (diet control - T1). When the variance analysis detected significance among the treatments, contrasts were applied to test the effects of the factors. Besides, the comparison of averages for protein of animal origin (PAO) and protein of vegetal origin (PVO) with the diet control which was done through the Dunnet tests. The diets were isonutritives with crude protein (CP) of 22% and level of energy of 3.500 kcal DE/kg in the phase 1, being T1 - Diet control (DC) + 10% of skimmed powdered milk (SPM); T2 - DC + 5% PSP+ 15% CM; T3 - DC + 5% MM + 15% CM; T4 - DC + 5% PSP + 15% CNM and T5 - DC + 5% MM + 15% CNM. For the phase 2 the treatments contained 21% CP and 3.400 kcal DE/kg, being T1 - Diet control (DC) + 5% SPM; T2 - DC + 4% PSP+ 12% CM; T3 - DC + 4% MM + 12% CM; T4 - DC + 4% PSP + 12% CNM and T5 - DC + 4% MM + 12% CNM. It was concluded that the substitution of SPM for PSP or for MM, as sources of protein of animal origin, is viable with regard to the histomorfometric parameters in the first and second week of phase 1; counting of the fecal colonies (CFC) and plasmatic concentration of total proteins (PCTP), at the end of phases 1 and 2; and plasmatic concentration of urea (PCU), at the end of phase 2. Nevertheless, for the parameters of zootechnic performance, in both phases; and diarrhea occurrence, in the first week of phase 1, just PSP was shown viable. The inclusion of 15% of CM or 15% of CNM, in partial substitution by the soybean meal, as source of vegetal origin protein, is satisfactory in relation to the histomorfometric parameters in the first and second week of phase 1; CFC, PCTP and PCU, at the end of phases 1 and 2; besides the diarrhea occurrence, in the first week of phase 1. However for the zootechnic parameters only the CM was revealed viable in both phases. Significant interactions were not registered (P>0,05) among the factors (protein of animal origin - PAO x protein of vegetal origin - PVO) for the zootechnic performance parameters, in phases 1 and 2, to the CFC and PCTP, at the end of phases 1 e 2; besides PCU, at the end of the phase 2. Among the factors (week x experimental diet) significant interactions were not verified (P>0,05) for the histomorfometric parameters. Though for PCU, at the end of the phase 1, significant interactions were verified (P <0,05). In the phase 1, the diet control, and the diets containing MM, like PAO, and CNM, like PVO provided the largest number of microbial stumps in the feces of the piglets. In phase 2, the diets containing PSP, as PAO, and CM, like PVO the largest number of microbial stumps in the feces of the piglets was provided. The best economical answer for production of piglets in the nursery period was obtained with the diet containing PSP and CM (T2)
Andrýs, Radomír. "Využití acidifikačních látek ve výživě kuřecích brojlerů." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-88141.
Full textŠovčík, Pavol. "Prosperita populácií mreny severnej (Barbus barbus) vo vobraných riečnych tokoch dunajského povodia." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93674.
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