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Journal articles on the topic 'Zoster virus (VZV)'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Arvin, A. M. "Varicella-zoster virus." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 3 (1996): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.3.361.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous human alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella (chicken pox) and herpes zoster (shingles). Varicella is a common childhood illness, characterized by fever, viremia, and scattered vesicular lesions of the skin. As is characteristic of the alphaherpesviruses, VZV establishes latency in cells of the dorsal root ganglia. Herpes zoster, caused by VZV reactivation, is a localized, painful, vesicular rash involving one or adjacent dermatomes. The incidence of herpes zoster increases with age or immunosuppression. The VZV virion consists of a nucleocapsid sur

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2

Ehrchen, Jan, and Matthias Hoy. "Varizella Zoster." Aktuelle Dermatologie 50, no. 07 (2024): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2312-5252.

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ZusammenfassungDas Varizella-zoster-Virus (VZV) ist Erreger der Varizellen (Primärinfektion) und des Herpes zoster (Rezidiv). Die Erstinfektion erfolgt meist im Kindesalter über die respiratorische Route. Es kommt dabei zu einer systemischen Infektion mit dem VZV und an der Haut zu dem typischen VZV-Exanthem. Das VZV-Virus persistiert nach der Primärinfektion lebenslang in den sensorischen Spinalganglien. Im Laufe des Lebens kann es aus den Spinalganglien zu einer Reaktivierung des VZV kommen. Das VZV gelangt dabei entlang der sensorischen Nerven in das entsprechende Dermatom und verursacht in

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3

Bakradze, Ekaterina, Kathryn F. Kirchoff, Daniel Antoniello, et al. "Varicella Zoster Virus Vasculitis and Adult Cerebrovascular Disease." Neurohospitalist 9, no. 4 (2019): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941874419845732.

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The role of Varicella zoster virus (VZV) in neurological illness, particularly cerebrovascular disease, has been increasingly recognized. Primary infection by VZV causes varicella (chickenpox), after which the virus remains latent in neuronal ganglia. Later, during aging or immunosuppression, the virus can reactivate causing zoster (shingles). Virus reactivation can also spread to cerebral arteries causing vasculitis and stroke. Zoster is a recognized risk factor for stroke, but stroke can occur without preceding zoster rash. The diagnosis of VZV cerebral vasculitis is established by abnormal

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4

James, Stephanie, Alexander Choe, Igor Traktinskiy, Maria Nagel, and Donald Gilden. "Varicella zoster virus can reactivate and infect cerebral adventital fibroblasts, suppressing Jak/STAT and causing stroke. (168.35)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (2012): 168.35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.168.35.

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Abstract Primary varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection causes varicella (chickenpox), after which virus becomes latent in ganglionic neurons. A declining cell-mediated immunity to VZV leads to virus reactivation, manifesting as zoster (shingles). Zoster is often complicated by chronic pain (post herpetic neuralgia) and other serious neurological disorders such as meningoencephalitis and myelitis. VZV vasculopathy results in transient ischemic attacks and stroke, and is the result of productive virus infection in cerebral arteries. More than 90% of the 6.75 billion world population harbors lat

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5

KANAI, Kyosuke, Souichi YAMADA, and Naoki INOUE. "Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)." Uirusu 60, no. 2 (2010): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.60.197.

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6

Reichelt, Mike, Leigh Zerboni, and Ann M. Arvin. "Mechanisms of Varicella-Zoster Virus Neuropathogenesis in Human Dorsal Root Ganglia." Journal of Virology 82, no. 8 (2008): 3971–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02592-07.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human alphaherpesvirus that infects sensory ganglia and reactivates from latency to cause herpes zoster. VZV replication was examined in human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) xenografts in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency using multiscale correlative immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. These experiments showed the presence of VZV genomic DNA, viral proteins, and virion production in both neurons and satellite cells within DRG. Furthermore, the multiscale analysis of VZV-host cell interactions revealed virus-induced cell-cell fusion and po

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7

Navarrete Cuadrado, Katlin Susana, Maleivy Mastrodomenico Vargas, Hendry Guao Salinas, and Ornella Ruiz Pérez. "VARICELA ZOSTER." Biociencias 15, no. 1 (2020): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2390-0512/biociencias.1.6364.

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La varicela es una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa, producida por el virus varicela-zoster (VVZ); es un virus alfaherpes que se relaciona más estrechamente con el virus del herpes simple, se presenta cuando el virus entra en contacto con la mucosa del tracto respiratorio superior o la conjuntiva de una persona susceptible, la transmisión de persona a persona se puede presentar por contacto directo con lesiones de VZV o por propagación en el aire. La reinfección con VZV es rara. El período de incubación es de 10 a 21 días; los síntomas que generalmente se presentan son fiebre, malestar general, a

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8

Çalışkan, Emel. "Evaluation of varicella zoster virus IgM, IgG and avidity results used in the diagnosis of varicella zoster virus." Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 30, no. 2 (2025): 185–90. https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1641218.

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Aim: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a disease that is rapidly transmitted through the respiratory tract and has a high seroprevalence worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the results of VZV IgM, VZV IgG and VZV avidity serological tests studied in our laboratory. Methods: In this study, the VZV IgM, VZV IgG, and VZV avidity test results in serum samples sent to our laboratory for preliminary diagnosis or screening of chickenpox between November 2019 and December 2024 were retrospectively examined. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests were used to evaluate the results according to mean age,

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Patil, Pankaj Shahajirao, Pankaj S. Patil, and Rajendra S. Bhambar. "Effective Natural Drug Remedies against Herpes Zoster: A Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 6-s (2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i6-s.4599.

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Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, is a painful vesicular rash resulting from reactivation of the virus that also causes chickenpox – Varicella zoster virus (VZV). Typically, the rash runs its course in a matter of 4-5 weeks. The pain, however, may persist months, even years, after the skin heals. This phenomenon is known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). This review tried to provide more comprehensive and accurate data on the effects of different herbals on the VZV as a probable alternative treatment for VZV. Further clarification of the herbals interactions with VZV is required which

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Atılan, Kübra. "Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Vaccine Safety." Life and Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2024): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.54584/lms.2024.46.

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<strong>Özet</strong> <em>Orthoherpesviridae</em> ailesi üyesi bir alfaherpesvirus olan varicellovirus humanalpha3 (varicella-zoster virus; VZV) dünya genelinde yaygın ve onlarca yıldır kullanılan koruyucu aşısı bulunan bir insan patojenidir. Primer enfeksiyon, iyileşme sonrası VZV'nin gangliyonik nöronlarda latent olarak kaldığı suçiçeğine neden olur. Çocukluk döneminde genel olarak hafif seyirli enfeksiyonlarla ilişkili olan primer VZV enfeksiyonu, yenidoğanlar, bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış kişiler veya yaşlılarda şiddetli ve pot

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Gilden, Don, Maria Nagel, Randall Cohrs, Ravi Mahalingam, and Nicholas Baird. "Varicella Zoster Virus in the Nervous System." F1000Research 4 (November 26, 2015): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7153.1.

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Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, exclusively human alphaherpesvirus. Primary infection usually results in varicella (chickenpox), after which VZV becomes latent in ganglionic neurons along the entire neuraxis. As VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity declines in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, VZV reactivates and causes herpes zoster (shingles), frequently complicated by postherpetic neuralgia. VZV reactivation also produces multiple serious neurological and ocular diseases, such as cranial nerve palsies, meningoencephalitis, myelopathy, and VZV vasculopathy, including gi

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Kennedy, Peter G. E. "The Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations of Varicella–Zoster Virus Reactivation." Viruses 15, no. 8 (2023): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081663.

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Varicella–Zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human alpha herpes virus that causes varicella (chicken pox) as a primary infection and, following a variable period of latency in different ganglionic neurons, it reactivates to produce herpes zoster (shingles). The focus of this review is on the wide spectrum of the possible neurological manifestations of VZV reactivation. While the most frequent reactivation syndrome is herpes zoster, this may be followed by the serious and painful post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and by many other neurological conditions. Prominent among these conditions is a VZV v

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Kennedy, Peter, and Anne Gershon. "Clinical Features of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection." Viruses 10, no. 11 (2018): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10110609.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpes virus that causes varicella (chickenpox) as a primary infection, following which it becomes latent in peripheral ganglia. Decades later, the virus may reactivate either spontaneously or after a number of triggering factors to cause herpes zoster (shingles). Varicella and its complications are more severe in the immunosuppressed. The most frequent and important complication of VZV reactivation is postherpetic neuralgia, the cause of which is unknown and for which treatment is usually ineffective. Reactivation of VZV may also cause a wide

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Tayyar, Ralph, and Dora Ho. "Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus Infections in Cancer Patients." Viruses 15, no. 2 (2023): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020439.

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are alpha herpesviruses that establish life-long latent infection in neuronal ganglia after primary infection. Periodic reactivation of these viruses results in recurrent infections that can have significant impact on patients’ quality of life. HSV commonly causes oral and genital mucocutaneous infections whereas VZV is responsible for varicella/chickenpox and herpes zoster/shingles, but cancer patients are at particularly higher risk of complications including disseminated and visceral infections due to impaired cell-mediated immunit

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15

Taylor, Shannon L., and Jennifer F. Moffat. "Replication of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Human Skin Organ Culture." Journal of Virology 79, no. 17 (2005): 11501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.17.11501-11506.2005.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is restricted to humans, which hinders studies of its pathogenesis in rodent models of disease. To facilitate the study of VZV skin tropism, we developed an ex vivo system using human fetal skin organ culture (SOC). VZV replication was analyzed by plaque assay, transmission electron microscopy, and histology. The yield of infectious VZV from SOC increased ∼100-fold over 6 days, virions were abundant, and lesions developed that contained VZV antigens and resembled varicella and zoster lesions. The SOC system for VZV replication has applications fo

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16

François, Sylvie, Nandini Sen, Bryan Mitton, Xiangshu Xiao, Kathleen M. Sakamoto, and Ann Arvin. "Varicella-Zoster Virus Activates CREB, and Inhibition of the pCREB-p300/CBP Interaction Inhibits Viral ReplicationIn Vitroand Skin PathogenesisIn Vivo." Journal of Virology 90, no. 19 (2016): 8686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00920-16.

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ABSTRACTVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella upon primary infection and zoster upon reactivation from latency in sensory ganglion neurons. The replication of herpesviruses requires manipulation of cell signaling pathways. Notably, CREB, a factor involved in the regulation of several cellular processes, is activated upon infection of T cells with VZV. Here, we report that VZV infection also induced CREB phosphorylation in fibroblasts and that XX-650-23, a newly identified inhibitor of the phosphorylated-CREB (pCREB) interaction with p300/CBP, restricted cell

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Shim, Ye Jee, Kun Soo Lee, and Yong-Mook Choi. "The Varicella Zoster Virus Immunoglobulin G and the Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Children with Cancer Under Chemotherapy." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1648.1648.

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Abstract Abstract 1648 Poster Board I-674 Purpose The varicella zoster virus (VZV) is known to be fatal especially for immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy for childhood cancer. So we investigated the change of varicella zoster virus immunoglobulin G (VZV IgG) before and during chemotherapy in patients who suffered from chicken pox (CP) or herpes zoster (HZ) to find the relationship between them. Methods We reviewed the transition of VZV IgG through medical records in children with cancer who experienced CP or HS during chemotherapy from 1998 to 2008 in Kyungpook National Universi

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18

Gray, Wayne L. "Comparative Analysis of the Simian Varicella Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus Genomes." Viruses 14, no. 5 (2022): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14050844.

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Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and simian varicella virus (SVV) cause varicella (chickenpox) in children and nonhuman primates, respectively. After resolution of acute disease, the viruses establish latent infection in neural ganglia, after which they may reactivate to cause a secondary disease, such as herpes zoster. SVV infection of nonhuman primates provides a model to investigate VZV pathogenesis and antiviral strategies. The VZV and SVV genomes are similar in size and structure and share 70–75% DNA homology. SVV and VZV DNAs are co-linear in gene arrangement with the exception of the left e

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Ashour, Amr, Khaldun Obeidat, Bahjat Azrieh, Arwa Alsaud, and Mohamed Yassin. "An Association of Varicella Zoster Virus, Facial Palsy, and Meningitis in a Young Immunocompetent Male." Case Reports in Neurology 12, no. 1 (2020): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506192.

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Varicella zoster is a secondary infection caused by the virus of chickenpox, after becoming latent in neurons of dorsal root ganglia or trigeminal ganglia. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) can be reactivated years later to produce shingles (zoster), generally in immunocompromised adults to produce neurological deficits and rash. Meningeal involvement of VZV is also reported and can be diagnosed. Herein, we report a 39-year-old immunocompetent male adult with a rare manifestation caused by VZV. The report is an association between facial nerve palsy and a polymerase chain reaction-confirmed VZV men

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Zhu, Qing, Dongxue Wang, Dandan Peng, Xiaomei Xuan, and Guoqiang Zhang. "Erythema multiforme caused by varicella-zoster virus: A case report." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 10 (January 2022): 2050313X2211276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x221127657.

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Erythema multiforme is a widespread hypersensitivity reaction, its pathogenesis is related to a variety of factors, including drugs and viral and bacterial infections. It is true that erythema multiforme is often caused by viruses while current studies suggest that it is mostly associated with herpes simplex virus infection, rarely associated with varicella-zoster virus infection. Here, we report a 50-year-old man admitted to our hospital because of rashes on the left rib with pain for 9 days and on limbs and hands for 2 days. Laboratory data showed that varicella-zoster virus (VZV-DNA) test w

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Van Loon, A. M., J. T. M. van der Logt, F. W. A. Heessen, M. C. A. Heeren, and J. Zoll. "Antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that use enzyme-labelled antigen for detection of virus-specific immunoglobulin M, A and G in patients with varicella or herpes zoster." Epidemiology and Infection 108, no. 1 (1992): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880004961x.

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Antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (AC-ELISA) which use enzyme-labelled antigen were developed for detection of varicella-zoster virus-(VZV) specific IgM, IgA and IgG antibody in patients with varicella or herpes zoster and in sera from healthy individuals. All 18 patients with varicella developed a VZV-IgM and a VZV-IgG response, 17 also a VZV-IgA response. In contrast, all 19 patients with herpes zoster were shown to be positive for VZV-IgA whereas only 13 of these reacted positively for VZV-IgM. A VZV-IgM response was detected in only two sera from 100 healthy individuals a

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Norberg, Peter, Daniel P. Depledge, Samit Kundu, et al. "Recombination of Globally Circulating Varicella-Zoster Virus." Journal of Virology 89, no. 14 (2015): 7133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00437-15.

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ABSTRACTVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus, which during primary infection typically causes varicella (chicken pox) and establishes lifelong latency in sensory and autonomic ganglia. Later in life, the virus may reactivate to cause herpes zoster (HZ; also known as shingles). To prevent these diseases, a live-attenuated heterogeneous vaccine preparation, vOka, is used routinely in many countries worldwide. Recent studies of another alphaherpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, demonstrate that live-attenuated vaccine strains can recombinein vivo, creating virulent proge

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Leibovitz, Eugene, David Cooper, Dana Giurgiutiu, et al. "Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection in Romanian Children Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus." Pediatrics 92, no. 6 (1993): 838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.6.838.

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Objective. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. To evaluate the spectrum of VZV infections in human immunodefidency virus (HIV)-infected children, we retrospectively analyzed all the cases of VZV infection in a cohort of children cared for at a hospital for infectious diseases in Bucharest, Romania. Methods. The records of 391 HIV-infected children admitted to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pavilion of Colentina Hospital during the period January 1, 1991, through March 31, 1992, were reviewed for evidence of VZV infection. T

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Oliver, Stefan L., Momei Zhou, and Ann M. Arvin. "Varicella-zoster virus: molecular controls of cell fusion-dependent pathogenesis." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 6 (2020): 2415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190511.

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Varicella–zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Although considered benign diseases, both varicella and zoster can cause complications. Zoster is painful and can lead to post herpetic neuralgia. VZV has also been linked to stroke, related to giant cell arteritis in some cases. Vaccines are available but the attenuated vaccine is not recommended in immunocompromised individuals and the efficacy of the glycoprotein E (gE) based subunit vaccine has not been evaluated for the prevention of varicella. A hallmark of VZV pathology is the formation

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OKUNO, Y., Y. TAKAO, Y. MIYAZAKI, et al. "Assessment of skin test with varicella-zoster virus antigen for predicting the risk of herpes zoster." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 4 (2012): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812002671.

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SUMMARYThe Shozu Herpes Zoster (SHEZ) Study was designed to clarify the incidence of and predictive and immunological factors for herpes zoster in a defined community-based Japanese population. As part of this series, a total of 5683 residents aged ⩾50 years received a varicella-zoster virus (VZV) skin test with VZV antigen, and 48 h later, the erythema and oedema were assessed by measuring the longest diameter. The diameters of both the erythema and oedema decreased with the increasing age of the subject. Sixty-three subjects contracted herpes zoster within a year after receiving the VZV skin

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San Putra W., Mikhael. "Herpes Zoster di Kelompok Pediatrik." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 48, no. 1 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v48i1.1257.

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<p>Herpes zoster (HZ) adalah reaktivasi virus varicella-zoster virus (VZV) yang menetap dalam bentuk infeksi laten di dalam dorsal root ganglion. Faktor risiko HZ anak adalah infeksi primer VZV intrauterin serta varisela akut pada satu tahun pertama kehidupan. Pada anak imunokompeten, penurunan imunitas seluler spesifik berperan penting dalam reaktivasi VZV. Gejala prodromal biasanya tidak terlihat pada anak-anak. Lesi vesikel berkelompok terdistribusi secara dermatomal. Diagnosis secara klinis, bila perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan Tzanck smear, tes serologis, kultur, dan lain-lain. Terapi s

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Baird, Nicholas, Shuyong Zhu, Catherine Pearce, and Abel Viejo-Borbolla. "Current In Vitro Models to Study Varicella Zoster Virus Latency and Reactivation." Viruses 11, no. 2 (2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020103.

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Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly prevalent human pathogen that causes varicella (chicken pox) during primary infection and establishes latency in peripheral neurons. Symptomatic reactivation often presents as zoster (shingles), but it has also been linked to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis, vasculopathy and meningitis. Zoster may be followed by postherpetic neuralgia, neuropathic pain lasting after resolution of the rash. The mechanisms of varicella zoster virus (VZV) latency and reactivation are not well characterized. This is in part due to the human-specific nature of

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Kennedy, Peter, Trine Mogensen, and Randall Cohrs. "Recent Issues in Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency." Viruses 13, no. 10 (2021): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102018.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpes virus which causes varicella (chicken pox) as a primary infection, and, following a variable period of latency in neurons in the peripheral ganglia, may reactivate to cause herpes zoster (shingles) as well as a variety of neurological syndromes. In this overview we consider some recent issues in alphaherpesvirus latency with special focus on VZV ganglionic latency. A key question is the nature and extent of viral gene transcription during viral latency. While it is known that this is highly restricted, it is only recently that the very high degree

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de Jong, Menno D., Jan F. L. Weel, Tim Schuurman, Pauline M. E. Wertheim-van Dillen, and René Boom. "Quantitation of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA in Whole Blood, Plasma, and Serum by PCR and Electrochemiluminescence." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 7 (2000): 2568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.7.2568-2573.2000.

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We describe a highly sensitive assay for quantitation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA in blood, involving PCR amplification, solution hybridization with Tris-(2,2′-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) chelate-labeled probes, and measurement by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Extraction and amplification efficiencies were monitored by the inclusion of internal control (IC) DNA, mimicking the VZV target, in the DNA extraction. Viral DNA load was calculated from the ratio of VZV and IC ECL signals. The lower limit of sensitivity was 20 VZV DNA copies/ml of plasma or serum and 80 copies/ml of whole blood

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Ikeda, Minoru, Kouichi Hiroshige, Yuzuru Abiko, and Keiko Onoda. "Impaired specific cellular immunity to the varicella-zoster virus in patients with herpes zoster oticus." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 10 (1996): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100135352.

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AbstractThe possible involvement of depression on cellular immunity in reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in herpes zoster oticus was investigated. The subjects comprised 59 cases of herpes zoster oticus, 33 cases of herpes zoster sine herpete (ZSH) with facial paralysis, and 205 cases of Bell's palsy. The transformation rate of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin in herpes zoster oticus tended to be lower than that in Bell's palsy. In skin tests with purified protein derivatives of tuberculin, the positivity rate in herpes zoster oticus was significantly lower than that in Bell's pal

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Sato, Tetsuko, Takenobu Yamamoto, and Yumi Aoyama. "Varicella Zoster Virus-Associated Meningitis as a Rebound Varicella Zoster Disease after Antiviral Discontinuation." Case Reports in Dermatology 13, no. 1 (2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512710.

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Varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated meningitis is usually progressive and can be fatal, and early diagnosis and aggressive treatment with intravenous antivirals such as acyclovir (ACV) are required in immunocompromised patients. Patients receiving corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy have a significantly higher risk of VZV-associated meningitis. In this report, we describe an unusual case of herpes zoster (HZ) in a young woman who was first diagnosed during tapering of prednisone for dermatomyositis. The skin lesions affected the left L2 and L3 dermatomes, which is unusual in VZV-

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Kovaleva, Lyudmila A., Natalya V. Balatskaya, Galina I. Krichevskaya, and Albina A. Baisangurova. "Anterior diffuse scleritis, map-like corneal ulcer, and hypopyon anterior uveitis associated with herpes zoster." Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology 19, no. 4 (2024): 239–47. https://doi.org/10.17816/rpoj641571.

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AIM: To analyze etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and a treatment algorithm for acute anterior diffuse scleritis, map-like corneal ulcer, and hypopyon anterior uveitis in order to increase medical awareness of herpes zoster in children. RESULTS: Long-term exposure to rapid temperature changes contributed to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation in a child leading to herpes zoster rarely occurring in children, onset of anterior diffuse scleritis and hypopyon anterior uveitis. Corticosteroid therapy without causal treatment led to herpes virus reactivation in the patient’s cornea which co

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De Clercq, Erik. "FV-100 for the Treatment of Varicella-Virus (VZV) Infections: Quo Vadis?" Viruses 14, no. 4 (2022): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040770.

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The bicyclic nucleoside analogue (BCNA) Cf1743 and its orally bioavailable prodrug FV-100 have unique potential as varicella-zoster virus (VZV) inhibitors to treat herpes zoster (shingles) and the therewith associated pain, including post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). The anti-VZV activity of Cf1743 depends on a specific phosphorylation by the VZV-encoded thymidine kinase (TK). The target of antiviral action is assumed to be the viral DNA polymerase (or DNA synthesis in the virus-infected cells).

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Inamoto, Aya, Tomohiro Taniguchi, Yasumitsu Fujii, and Sonoko Miyoshi. "Varicella-zoster virus meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia, presenting with painless occipital herpes zoster mimicking atopic dermatitis." BMJ Case Reports 18, no. 1 (2025): e258230. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-258230.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a known cause of meningoencephalitis, typically in immunocompromised inpatients. We report a case of meningitis caused by VZV in an immunocompetent man in his 20s. Diagnosis was delayed due to the atypical presentation of painless occipital zoster mimicking atopic dermatitis, and the presence of hypoglycorrhachia in his cerebrospinal fluid. The clinical diagnosis of VZV meningitis poses significant diagnostic challenges, and nucleic acid tests for VZV detection are recommended for patients with severe cases who require empiric acyclovir treatment.

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Bierbaum, Sibylle, Veronika Fischer, Lutz Briedigkeit, Claudius Werner, Hartmut Hengel, and Daniela Huzly. "Meningitis without Rash after Reactivation of Varicella Vaccine Strain in a 12-Year-Old Immunocompetent Boy." Vaccines 11, no. 2 (2023): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020309.

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Acute neurologic complications from Varicella-Zoster-Virus reactivation occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In this report, we describe a case of a previously healthy immunocompetent boy who had received two doses of varicella vaccine at 1 and 4 years. At the age of 12 he developed acute aseptic meningitis caused by vaccine-type varicella-zoster-virus without concomitant skin eruptions. VZV-vaccine strain DNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient made a full recovery after receiving intravenous acyclovir therapy. This disease course documents another ca

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Motswaledi, M. H. "Herpes zoster (Shingles)." South African Family Practice 60, no. 4 (2018): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v60i4.4898.

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Herpes zoster or Shingles is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chicken-pox (varicella).Primary infection with varicella-zoster virus causes chicken-pox (varicella), then the virus persists in nerve ganglia of sensory but rarely motor nerves, in a latent stage.If the virus gets reactivated it causes herpes zoster, which presents as painful vesicles following a dermatome. It is more common in the elderly and the immunocompromised.Herpes zoster is a common skin and mucous membrane disease caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus, which had lodged pr

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Yu, Jing, Huihui Li, Yuying Ji, and Hailan Liao. "Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection and Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine-Related Ocular Complications." Vaccines 13, no. 8 (2025): 782. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080782.

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The varicella-zoster virus is a human herpesvirus that causes varicella as the primary infection and HZ as the reactivation of a latent infection. Ten to twenty percent of cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) involve the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve. Any area of the eye may be affected by the condition. HZ has a lifetime risk of more than 30%. Complications from herpes zoster can significantly lower quality of life. The goal of HZ vaccinations is to stop HZ activation and PHN formation. Despite the uncommon possibility of side effects such as eye problems, the majority of

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Volobuieva, O. V. "Cytokine Profile in Patients with Herpes Zoster." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Medicine", no. 51 (December 30, 2024): 534–41. https://doi.org/10.26565/2313-6693-2024-51-08.

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Background. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to studying cytokine levels in the blood of virus carriers and patients, as cytokines are mediators of intercellular interactions within the immune system. They influence herpes virus-infected endothelial cells, promoting enhanced expression of cellular adhesion molecules and initiating inflammatory reactions in the vascular walls. This study focuses on investigating the levels of major pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with herpes zoster to reveal key immunopathogenetic features of inflammatory process exacerbation

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Patel, Matthew, Rachel Bierbrier, and Katina Tzanetos. "An An Unusual Presentation of Varicella Meningitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine 14, no. 4 (2019): e39-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjgim.v14i4.325.

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Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) primary infection causes chickenpox, often in young children, and is characterized by vesicular lesions on the face, limbs and trunk. In immunocompetent hosts, the infection is usually mild and self-limited. Following infection the virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia but can reactivate, replicate and cause Herpes zoster (shingles), a painful vesicular eruption in a single dermatomal distribution.1, 2 Although Herpes zoster typically presents with this characteristic rash, there are reports of zoster sine herpete herpes zoster without the presence of a

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Yusuf, H., and E.E. Ella. "SEROPREVALENCE OF VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA." Continental J. Microbiology 5, no. 1 (2011): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.823835.

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The study was carried out in the three geopolitical zone of Kaduna State, comprising Makarfi (Kaduna North) Kagarko (Kaduna South) and Igabi (Kaduna Central). A total of 353 serum samples collected, were tested VZV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a commercial IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence rate was 66.3%. Seroprevalence was 51.4% in the age group of 4-6 years, 64.7% in 7-9 years, 68.4 % in 10-12 years and 70.0 % in 13-15 years. The seroprevalence rate of VZV increased with age. There was significant relation between the presence of VZV antibod

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Mishchenko, O. P., Y. V. Kursakova, S. S. Belyaev, and D. A. Zharkoy. "Zoster sine herpete: an unusual case of varicella-zoster virus reactivation." Reflection, no. 1 (September 20, 2023): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2686-6986-2023-1-126-130.

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One of the main clinical manifestations of herpes Zoster with its secondary reactivation after chickenpox is vesicular rash along the course of dermatome. Purpose. To present a clinical case of an unusual manifestation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation without rash, a condition known as Zoster Sine Herpete (ZSH), which manifested by persistent pain syndrome in the trigeminal nerve area. Clinical case. A 46-year-old woman with severe pain in the oculotemporal region on the left after initial treatment by a neurologist without significant dynamics and after additional examination by a

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Bowles, Joshua B., Megan Steain, Barry Slobedman та Allison Abendroth. "Inhibition of integrin α6 expression by cell-free varicella-zoster virus". Journal of General Virology 93, № 8 (2012): 1725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.039917-0.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles. VZV is released from infected cells during natural infection, but remains highly cell-associated during experimental infection, and so most studies have utilized cell-associated infection models. We examined the impact of cell-free VZV infection of primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) on the receptor integrin α6 (ITGA6). qPCR and flow cytometry demonstrated that both cell-free VZV and cell-free UV-inactivated VZV downregulated transcription and cell-surface protein expression of ITGA6. To establish whether ITGA6 altered VZV infe

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Meyer, Christine, Flora Engelmann, Nicole Arnold, et al. "Abortive Intrabronchial Infection of Rhesus Macaques with Varicella-Zoster Virus Provides Partial Protection against Simian Varicella Virus Challenge." Journal of Virology 89, no. 3 (2014): 1781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03124-14.

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ABSTRACTVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic alphaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (HZ, shingles). Previously, inoculation of monkeys via the subcutaneous, intratracheal, intravenous, or oral-nasal-conjunctival routes did not recapitulate all the hallmarks of VZV infection, including varicella, immunity, latency, and reactivation. Intrabronchial inoculation of rhesus macaques (RMs) with simian varicella virus (SVV), a homolog of VZV, recapitulates virologic and immunologic hallmarks of VZV infection in humans. Given that VZV is ac

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Wreghitt, T. G., J. Whipp, C. Redpath, and W. Hollingworth. "An analysis of infection control of varicella-zoster virus infections in Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge over a 5-year period, 1987–92." Epidemiology and Infection 117, no. 1 (1996): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800001278.

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SummaryThis prospective study analyses infections with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge during 1987–92 and examines the spread of infection. In total, 93 patients and staff experienced VZV infection. Twenty-one patients had varicella and 49 experienced zoster. None of 101 patients and 1 of 625 staff members in contact with varicella cases acquired infection. By contrast, 2 of 227 patients, and 5 of 1039 staff in contact with zoster cases acquired varicella. One out of 28 (3·6%) VZV antibody-negative patients and staff in contact with varicella acquired infectio

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Chen, Ko-Hua, Mei-Ju Chen, Yu-Mei Chung, An-Fei Li, Ching-Kuang Chou, and Wen-Ming Hsu. "Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA in the Iris of a Zoster Sine Herpete Patient." International Journal of Biomedical Science 2, no. 3 (2006): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2006.2302.

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A 55-year-old man presented with unilateral iridocyclitis and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in his right eye. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the iris of a patient of Zoster Sine Herpete. No symptoms or signs of herpes zoster like neuralgia or cutaneous eruptions on forehead were noted. His iridocyclitis was treated and responded well with systemic and topical acyclovior as well as topical steroid. However, the marked elevated IOP could not be controlled by maximal dosage of anti-glaucomatous medicine. The patient underwent trabeculecto

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Tommasi, Cristina, and Judith Breuer. "The Biology of Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication in the Skin." Viruses 14, no. 5 (2022): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14050982.

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The replication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in skin is critical to its pathogenesis and spread. Primary infection causes chickenpox, which is characterised by centrally distributed skin blistering lesions that are rich in infectious virus. Cell-free virus in the cutaneous blistering lesions not only spreads to cause further cases, but infects sensory nerve endings, leading to the establishment of lifelong latency in sensory and autonomic ganglia. The reactivation of virus to cause herpes zoster is again characterised by localised painful skin blistering rash containing infectious virus. Th

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Sato, Bunji, Marvin Sommer, Hideki Ito, and Ann M. Arvin. "Requirement of Varicella-Zoster Virus Immediate-Early 4 Protein for Viral Replication." Journal of Virology 77, no. 22 (2003): 12369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.22.12369-12372.2003.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes two diseases, chickenpox and zoster. VZV open reading frame 4 (ORF4) encodes the immediate-early 4 (IE4) protein, which is conserved among alphaherpesvirus and has transactivation activity in transient transfections. To determine whether the ORF4 gene product is essential for viral replication, we used VZV cosmids to remove ORF4 from the VZV genome. Deleting ORF4 was incompatible with recovery of infectious virus, whereas transfections done by using repaired cosmids with ORF4 inserted at a nonnative site yielded virus. To

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Hamed, Fatma N., Rhiannon A. Bates, and Stamatios Oikonomou. "Herpes zoster as the initial manifestation of varicella-zoster virus infection in a healthy toddler." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 9 (2024): e259358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-259358.

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Herpes zoster (HZ), commonly known as shingles, is a painful blistering rash in dermatomal distribution, caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that was acquired during a primary varicella infection. While commonly afflicting adults, cases of HZ in paediatric patients are infrequently reported. Such cases are predominantly reported in children who have had prior exposure to VZV, either during pregnancy, early childhood or have been vaccinated with live attenuated VZV. This report presents the first known case to our knowledge of HZ as the initial manifestation of a VZV infe

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Corti, Marcelo, Norberto Trione, María Florencia Villafañe, Daniel Risso, Claudio Yampolsky, and Lilia Mamanna. "Acute meningoencephalomyelitis due to varicella-zoster virus in an AIDS patient: report of a case and review of the literature." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 44, no. 6 (2011): 784–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822011000600026.

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) meningoencephalomyelitis is a rare but severe neurological complication of VZV reactivation in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of an HIV-infected individual who developed an acute and severe meningoencephalomyelitis accompanied by a disseminated cutaneous eruption due to VZV. The presence of VZV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The patient started undergoing an intravenous acyclovir therapy with a mild recovery of neurological manifestations. Varicella-zoster virus should be included as a cause of

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Lagrine, Mariam, Karima El fakiri, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Nabila Soraa, and Mohammed Bouskraoui. "Varicella Zoster Virus Meningitis with Absence of Rash in an Immunocompetent Child." Case Reports in Medicine 2021 (September 30, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2081270.

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Only a few cases in the literature have ever reported the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in children especially in the case of immunocompetent patients. It is an uncommon situation that may lead to several neurological complications. We report varicella zoster virus (VZV) meningitis in a 14-year-old healthy boy with no antecedent of rash. On his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, VZV DNA was detected. The rapid HIV test was negative. The treatment using acyclovir (20 mg/kg/8h) was effective, and the child’s clinical condition rapidly improved.

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