Journal articles: 'Zoysia japonica'

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Zhang, Jiahang, Lijing Li, Zhiwei Zhang, Liebao Han, and Lixin Xu. "The Effect of Ethephon on Ethylene and Chlorophyll in Zoysia japonica Leaves." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031663.

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Zoysia japonica (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is a kind of warm-season turfgrass with many excellent characteristics. However, the shorter green period and longer dormancy caused by cold stress in late autumn and winter are the most limiting factors affecting its application. A previous transcriptome analysis revealed that ethephon regulated genes in chlorophyll metabolism in Zoysia japonica under cold stress. Further experimental data are necessary to understand the effect and underlying mechanism of ethephon in regulating the cold tolerance of Zoysia japonica. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethephon by measuring the enzyme activity, intermediates content, and gene expression related to ethylene biosynthesis, signaling, and chlorophyll metabolism. In addition, the ethylene production rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll a/b ratio were analyzed. The results showed that ethephon application in a proper concentration inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis, but eventually promoted the ethylene production rate due to its ethylene-releasing nature. Ethephon could promote chlorophyll content and improve plant growth in Zoysia japonica under cold-stressed conditions. In conclusion, ethephon plays a positive role in releasing ethylene and maintaining the chlorophyll content in Zoysia japonica both under non-stressed and cold-stressed conditions.

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Xu, Q., S. Bughrara, C. J. Nelson, and J. H. Coutts. "Mechanisms of seed dormancy in zoysia (Zoysia japonica Steud.)." Seed Science and Technology 33, no. 3 (October 1, 2005): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2005.33.3.02.

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Cheon, Se-Hwan, Min-Ah Woo, Sangjin Jo, Young-Kee Kim, and Ki-Joong Kim. "The Chloroplast Phylogenomics and Systematics of Zoysia (Poaceae)." Plants 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2021): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081517.

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The genus Zoysia Willd. (Chloridoideae) is widely distributed from the temperate regions of Northeast Asia—including China, Japan, and Korea—to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Among these, four species—Zoysia japonica Steud., Zoysia sinica Hance, Zoysia tenuifolia Thiele, and Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav.—are naturally distributed in the Korean Peninsula. In this study, we report the complete plastome sequences of these Korean Zoysia species (NCBI acc. nos. MF953592, MF967579~MF967581). The length of Zoysia plastomes ranges from 135,854 to 135,904 bp, and the plastomes have a typical quadripartite structure, which consists of a pair of inverted repeat regions (20,962~20,966 bp) separated by a large (81,348~81,392 bp) and a small (12,582~12,586 bp) single-copy region. In terms of gene order and structure, Zoysia plastomes are similar to the typical plastomes of Poaceae. The plastomes encode 110 genes, of which 76 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Fourteen genes contain single introns and one gene has two introns. Three evolutionary hotspot spacer regions—atpB~rbcL, rps16~rps3, and rpl32~trnL-UAG—were recognized among six analyzed Zoysia species. The high divergences in the atpB~rbcL spacer and rpl16~rpl3 region are primarily due to the differences in base substitutions and indels. In contrast, the high divergence between rpl32~trnL-UAG spacers is due to a small inversion with a pair of 22 bp stem and an 11 bp loop. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in 59 different locations in Z. japonica, 63 in Z. sinica, 62 in Z. macrostachya, and 63 in Z. tenuifolia plastomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Zoysia (Zoysiinae) forms a monophyletic group, which is sister to Sporobolus (Sporobolinae), with 100% bootstrap support. Within the Zoysia clade, the relationship of (Z. sinica, Z japonica), (Z. tenuifolia, Z. matrella), (Z. macrostachya, Z. macrantha) was suggested.

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Yamamoto, Akihiro, Masatsugu Hashiguchi, Ryo Akune, Takahito Masumoto, Melody Muguerza, Yuichi Saeki, and Ryo Akashi. "The relationship between salt gland density and sodium accumulation/secretion in a wide selection from three Zoysia species." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (2016): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15261.

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Several zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) have been reported to have leaf-epidermal salt glands, and it has been suggested that salt gland density, salt secretion and salt tolerance are positively correlated. The economically most important Zoysia species are Zoysia japonica Steud., Zoysia matrella Merr., and Zoysia pacifica (Goudswaard) M. Hotta & Kuroki, and among these, Z. matrella is considered to be the most salt-tolerant. In this study, we investigated the salt gland density, and characterised the secretion and accumulation of Na+ of 48 accessions of the three Zoysia species. We did not find any morphological differences in salt glands of Z. japonica and Z. pacifica, but large bicellular salt glands were found only on the adaxial side of Z. matrella. In addition, salt gland density differed significantly within and between the species. Under salt stress, all accessions accumulated and secreted Na+ at different rates. Z. japonica was a salt-accumulating type, whereas Z. matrella and Z. pacifica secreted most of the absorbed salt. However, the correlation between salt gland density and salt accumulation/secretion were not observed. Furthermore, Z. pacifica had the lowest gland density but showed the highest Na+ uptake and a secretion rate similar to most salt-tolerant Z. matrella. These results suggest that response to salt stress, namely, salt accumulation/secretion, is different between species, and that salt gland density and salt secretion are not always positively correlated.

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Nair, S., S. K. Braman, and P. Raymer. "Susceptibility of Zoysiagrasses to the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-56.1.24.

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Abstract Growth and developmental parameters of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were evaluated on 41 new zoysiagrass taxa (Zoysia spp. Willd.), which belong to an increasingly popular group of warm-season turfgrasses, in comparison with 5 commercially available zoysiagrass taxa and 1 known susceptible Paspalum L. taxon. Results from two no-choice growth chamber trials indicated that the new Zoysia japonica Steud. taxa were unfavorable for the development of fall armyworm larvae in general compared with the susceptible Paspalum taxon. This was evidenced by significantly lower larval and pupal weights and survival and longer time to pupation and adult emergence, pointing to antibiosis in these zoysiagrass taxa. The new Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav., and Zoysia sinica Hance taxa seemed more favorable than Z. japonica taxa, as evidenced by numerically higher larval and pupal weights and survival and shorter duration to pupation and adult emergence. Taxa that consistently showed low larval survival were identified for further testing.

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Peterson, Kenton W., Jack D. Fry, and Dale J. Bremer. "Growth Responses of Zoysia spp. under Tree Shade in the Midwestern United States." HortScience 49, no. 11 (November 2014): 1444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.11.1444.

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‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steudel) is commonly planted on home lawns and golf courses in the transition zone; however, poor shade tolerance limits its widespread use. This study was conducted to determine changes and differences in growth among selected Zoysia cultivars and progeny under a natural shade environment over a 3-year period in the transition zone. The study was initiated in June 2010 at the Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research Center in Manhattan, KS. Soil type was a Chase silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Aquic, Argiudoll). Zoysia genotypes were sodded in 0.37-m2 plots and arranged in a randomized complete block with five replications under silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) shade that resulted in a 91% reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Genotypes included ‘Zorro’ [Z. matrella (L.) Merrill], ‘Emerald’ [Z. japonica × Z. pacifica (Goudswaard) Hotta & Kuroki], ‘Meyer’, Chinese Common (Z. japonica), and experimental progeny Exp1 (Z. matrella × Z. japonica), and Exp2 and Exp3 [(Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) × Z. japonica]. ‘Zorro’ and ‘Emerald’ experienced winter injury, which negatively affected their performance. Tiller numbers decreased 47% in ‘Meyer’ from June 2010 to June 2012, but declines in [(Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) × Z. japonica] progeny were only 1% for Exp2 and 27% for Exp3, and both Exp2 and Exp3 maintained high percent green cover throughout the study. In general, by the third year of evaluation, progeny of [(Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) × Z. japonica] had higher quality ratings and higher tiller numbers than ‘Meyer’ and may provide more shade-tolerant cultivar choices for transition zone turf managers.

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Zhang, Di, Jun Tang, Kai Wei, Shangang Jia, Yiwei Jiang, Hongwei Cai, Peisheng Mao, and Manli Li. "Physiological and Molecular Responses of Zoysia japonica to Rust Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (April 10, 2022): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084185.

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Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) is a popular turfgrass species and is widely used for sport turf and urban landscape. Zoysiagrass is often infected by Puccinia zoysiae, which causes a loss in turf quality. The physiological and molecular mechanisms of rust resistance are poorly understood in this species. In this study, the rust-resistant and susceptible lines of zoysiagrass were inoculated with P. zoysiae, and alterations of leaf cell structure, physiological indicators and transcriptomic response were investigated at the various stages of inoculation. After inoculation, the cell membranes, nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast were all impaired, followed by abnormal physiological metabolism. The damage occurred earlier and more severely in the susceptible line. Changes in electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content varied with the genotype and the inoculation stages. The transcriptome analysis showed that plant hormones, MAPK signal transduction pathway, photosynthesis and energy generation pathways were significantly enriched in the early response, in both the resistant and susceptible lines. The results provided insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rust disease resistance and would benefit the breeding of rust-resistant varieties in zoysiagrass and related turfgrass species.

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Qian, Li Li, Shan Wang, Kai Ye, and Cheng Fang. "Effects of Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination of Zoysia (Zoysia japonica Steud.)." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 1295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1295.

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Zoysia (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is a warm-season turf grass, which possess seed coat-imposed dormancy that hampers germination. The objective of the present study was to determine the most effective methods in breaking the seed dormancy of zoysia. This experiment was used to find the right concentration and treatment time. KOH, NaOH, C3H6O, and H2SO4solutions are the four kinds of chemical agents used which were evaluated and sixty four treatments were conducted. The results indicated that all chemical agents investigated can successfully remove glumes and promote seed germination of zoysia under certain concentrations and treatment times. The best method for seed dormancy breaking in zoysia was 20% KOH solution for 30 min.

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Christoffoleti, P. J., and A. N. Aranda. "Seletividade de herbicidas a cinco tipos de gramas." Planta Daninha 19, no. 2 (August 2001): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582001000200016.

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Dentre as opções de controle de plantas daninhas em gramados, destaca-se o uso de herbicidas, porém poucas informações existem na literatura sobre a sua seletividade a gramados. Assim, foi desenvolvida a presente pesquisa em casa de vegetação da ESALQ - Piracicaba, com o objetivo de testar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-plantio (sulfentrazone a 1,4 kg i.a. ha-1 e oxadiazon a 1,0 kg i.a. ha-1) e em pós-emergência (halosulfuron a 112,5 g i.a. ha-1, 2,4-D a 2,010 kg i.a. ha-1 e MSMA a 2,4 kg i.a. ha-1), em cinco espécies de gramas (família Poaceae): são-carlos (Axonopus affinis), esmeralda (Zoysia japonica), bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), zoysia (Zoysia matrella) e santo-agostinho (Stenotaphrum secundatum). As conclusões gerais deste trabalho de pesquisa foram de que a seletividade de herbicidas aos diversos tipos de grama é função principalmente da espécie de grama e do tipo e da dose do herbicida aplicado. Dentre os herbicidas testados, destacam-se como mais seletivos o halosulfuron na dose de 112,5 g i.a. ha-1 e o 2,4-D na de 2,010 kg i.a. ha-1; as espécies de grama do gênero Zoysia (esmeralda [Z. japonica] e zoysia [Z. matrella]), de maneira geral, são mais tolerantes aos herbicidas testados nesta pesquisa.

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Yang, Lin, Hengxing Wang, Chunpeng Han, Hong Guo, Yafeng Gong, and Yulong He. "Research on the Strength Variation of Root-Clay Systems under Freeze-Thaw Action." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5853034.

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The aim of this paper is to study the influence of an effective root system of rhizome plants on the reinforcement of slope soil under freeze-thaw conditions. This study focused on the mechanical properties between roots and clay in the root system of four plant species from different regions of China (northeast, northern, central, and southern areas): Setaria viridis, Eleusine indica, Zoysia japonica, and Carex leucochlora. Based on the interfacial friction effects between the plant roots and the soil, pull-out tests and unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on the reinforced soil system for varying numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. Several stages of the pull-out process of the root system in clay are explicitly proposed based on the interfacial friction test results. The results showed that the friction effect between Zoysia japonica roots and the soil was the most significant and that these roots had the best reinforcement effect. In contrast, the friction and reinforcement effects between Setaria viridis roots and the soil were the worst, and the resulting unconfined compressive strength was the smallest. However, the freeze-thaw resistance ability of the Setaria viridis and soil system was stronger than that of the Zoysia japonica system.

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Culpepper, Travis, Joseph Young, David T. Montague, Manish Sapkota, Eduardo Escamilla, and Benjamin Wherley. "Physiological Response to Water Deficit Stress with Restricted Rooting in Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-38.1.29.

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Abstract Urban soils may restrict turfgrass rooting depth with shallow soil layers in high sand content soils, which may influence water conservation. A greenhouse study sought to quantify water usage and determine the physiological response of turfgrasses at four irrigation levels. ‘ATF-1434′ tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. nom. cons.; syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), ‘Jamur' Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and ‘Zeon' Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] were established in 10 cm (4 in) diameter by 17.8 cm (7 in) tall containers. Each species was irrigated with 16.5, 21.9, 27.3, or 32.7 mm.wk−1 (0.65, 0.86, 1.1, or 1.3 in.wk−1). Gravimetric water loss was determined by pre- and post-irrigation pot weights. Turf quality, leaf discoloration, percent green cover, and gross photosynthesis were evaluated weekly and root parameters were measured at the conclusion of each trial. Although root mass was similar among species, water deficit stress and leaf discoloration occurred sooner in tall fescue than the two Zoysia species, reducing turf quality and green cover. Japanese lawngrass and Manilagrass had greater stomatal conductance, resulting in 109 and 89% higher gross photosynthesis relative to tall fescue. Both zoysiagrasses maintained acceptable turf quality with 27.3 mm water.wk−1. However, tall fescue quality was not acceptable at any irrigation level. Index words: Photosynthesis, gravimetric water loss, tall fescue, Japanese lawngrass, Manilagrass. Species used in this study: Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. nom. cons.; syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.); Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.].

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Azahar, Mohd Abdul Halim Bin Baharun, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mohd Rafh Yusof, Abdul Rahim Harun, SM Samsuzzaman, and Md Kamal Uddin. "Morphological mutants of Zoysia japonica Steud. induced by gamma ray irradiation." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i1.47483.

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Study of Zoysia japonica morphological improvement and breeding by induced mutation using gamma ray irradiation was conducted. Mutagenesis by gamma ray irradiation was employed using 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 Gy to treat 30 single node stolons per treatment. It was demonstrated that single node stolon is suitable for gamma ray irradiation mutagenesis in Z. japonica. It has been identified that 76 Gy as the value LD50 is effective to induce mutagenesis on Z. japonica. Survival rate of Z. japonica stolon was greatly reduced when irradiated with higher dosages. This experiment was repeated using LD50 on 1500 single node stolons. Thirty nine morphological mutants were identified and evaluated. Most of the mutants were semi-dwarf and have horizontal growing pattern with reduced internode length and leaf blade length. The altered morphological traits were stable after third cutting back (M1V3) shown by their morphological performance. Mutation breeding is effective in improving Z. japonica when easily recognized cultivars are needed.

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Zanon, Mauricio Ercoli, Renata Bachin Mazzini-Guedes, Marcos Vieira Ferraz, Amanda Kelly Dias Bezerra, Ana Carolina Correa Muniz, and Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta. "Temperature, potassium nitrate, substrate, and harvesting time on the germination of zoysia grass seeds." Ornamental Horticulture 26, no. 1 (March 2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v26i1.2043.

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Abstract Zoysia japonica grass has commercial importance to Brazil due to its use in golf courses and football stadiums. The main concern about its commercial cultivation is the unevenness on seed germination as well as the ideal seed harvesting time. Therefore, the objective was to measure the effect of temperature and potassium nitrate on dormancy overcoming, and of substrate and harvesting time on germination of zoysia grass seeds (Zoysia japonica Steud). There were three experiments: 1) temperature and potassium nitrate treatments, with six temperature conditions (constants at 20 ˚C, 25 ˚C, 30 ˚C, and 35 ˚C, and alternating at 20-30 ˚C and 20-35 ˚C), under absence or presence of potassium nitrate; 2) temperature and substrate treatments, with two temperature conditions (alternating at 20-30 ˚C and 20-35 ˚C) and three types of substrates (on paper, between paper, and on sand); and 3) harvesting time treatments, which seeds were obtained by manual harvesting comprising 11 harvesting periods. Seeds germinated more rapidly on the sand and paper, at the alternating temperature of 20-35 °C. The best period for seed harvesting was from 18 to 19 days after ear emergence in the production field.

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Nandu, Purushottam Kumar, Samir E. Topno, V. M. Prasad, and Nini R. Kuotsu. "Effect of Salinity on Warm Season Turf Grass Species." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (August 19, 2023): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193558.

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The demand for salinity tolerant turf grasses is increasing due to augmented use of effluent or low-quality water for turf irrigation. Fresh water, along with soil Stalinization in many locations, has raised the requirement for salt-tolerant turf grass screening. Physiological responses to salinity and relative salt tolerance of Five C4 turf grasses, two variety ofCynodon dactylon(Bermuda grass), Zoysia matrella (Manilla grass), Zoysia japonica(Zoysia Grass) and Paspalum notatum(Bahia grass) were investigated during the study at Department of Horticulture Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Science, Prayagraj. Turf grasses were planted in plastic pots filled with sand: cocopeat: vermiculite (2:1:1) and irrigated with different concentration of salinity levels (0.6, 5.0, 10.0, 15 dS m-1). Salinity tolerance was evaluated based on leaf length leaf Wirth leaf firing, shoots and root growth reduction, proline content, total chlorophyll content RGB content and relative water content was subjected to analysis of variance. Among the four turf grass species Bahia grass found to be most salt tolerant turf grass followed by Z. matrella while Zosia japonica was least tolerant turf grass against salt stress.

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Chen, Zhong Lin, Su Nan Xu, Yue Li, Shi Xie, Li Xia Fan, and Li Hong Zhang. "The Effect of Different Drought Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation on Zoysia japonica." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5489.

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The objective of this study was to understand the effects of mild, moderate and severe drought stress on zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated. Mild drought(60%-70% of field capacity), moderate drought(45%-55% of field capacity), and severe drought (25%-35% of field capacity) were remained for 16 days. A gradual increase was observed in SOD activity of Zoysiagrass from 1 to13 days of drought stress in all treatments. POD and CAT activity, and lipid peroxidation increased in all treatments, and maximum change was happened in severe drought group. Severe drought has more serious damage to Zoysia japonica than mild drought and moderate drough. This suggests that Zoysiagrass has excellent drought tolerance and its ability to survive in the drought environment is very strong.

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Jin Hong, H. Liebao, and Zhang Yongming. "AFLP ANALYSIS ON GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ZOYSIA JAPONICA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 783 (February 2008): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.783.27.

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Xu, Yi, Yonglong Li, Yan Li, Chenyuan Zhai, and Kun Zhang. "Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Stress Tolerance Mechanisms of Cadmium in Zoysia japonica." Plants 12, no. 22 (November 12, 2023): 3833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223833.

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Cadmium (Cd) is a severe heavy metal pollutant globally. Zoysia japonica is an important perennial warm-season turf grass that potentially plays a role in phytoremediation in Cd-polluted soil areas; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Cd stress response are unknown. To further investigate the early gene response pattern in Z. japonica under Cd stress, plant leaves were harvested 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after Cd stress (400 μM CdCl2) treatment and used for a time-course RNA-sequencing analysis. Twelve cDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced, and high-quality data were obtained, whose mapped rates were all higher than 94%, and more than 601 million bp of sequence were generated. A total of 5321, 6526, and 4016 differentially expressed genes were identified 6, 12, and 24 h after Cd stress treatment, respectively. A total of 1660 genes were differentially expressed at the three time points, and their gene expression profiles over time were elucidated. Based on the analysis of these genes, the important mechanisms for the Cd stress response in Z. japonica were identified. Specific genes participating in glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signal and transduction, members of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, transporter proteins, transcription factors, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were further analyzed in detail. These genes may contribute to the improvement of Cd tolerance in Z. japonica. In addition, some candidate genes were highlighted for future studies on Cd stress resistance in Z. japonica and other plants. Our results illustrate the early gene expression response of Z. japonica leaves to Cd and provide some new understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Cd stress in Zosia and Gramineae species.

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Sulastri, Sri, Anisa Zairina, and Agus Sukarno. "Pertumbuhan rumput jepang (Zoysia japonica) pada berbagai tingkat kemiringan dengan aplikasi Hydroseeding." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 7, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v7i2.477.

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Research on Hydroseeding in Indonesia is still limited. The application of this hydroseeding technique can be developed for landslide management. This study aims to analyze the percentage of growth (viability) and growth of Japanese grass (Zoysia japonica) planted on landslide soil media at various levels of slope. This research was carried out at the Central Laboratory and greenhouse of the Malang Agricultural Institute in March â€“ July 2020. The soil media used was obtained from landslides in Ngantang, Malang Regency. A total of 5 kg of media was put in a plastic box. Then the box is placed on a shelf with a slope of 30o, 50o, and 70o. Japanese Grass Seeds obtained from the market are mixed with compost, soil conditioner, guar gum, water to form a Hydroseeding formula. The formula is then sprayed onto the growing media. The results showed that the application of hydroseeding with Japanese grass seed (Z. japonica) on media placed with a slope of 70o could potentially be used as a formula for the revegetation process of landslide-affected land. The hydroseeding treatment at this slope resulted in the highest seed viability and growth rate. Thus, Japanese grass (Zoysia japonica) has the potential to be used as a pioneer plant in land reclamation.

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Sun, Daojin, Jingya Xu, Haoran Wang, Hailin Guo, Yu Chen, Ling Zhang, Jianjian Li, Dongli Hao, Xiang Yao, and Xiaohui Li. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the PUB Gene Family in Zoysia japonica under Salt Stress." Plants 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2024): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13060788.

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The U-box protein family of ubiquitin ligases is important in the biological processes of plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Plants in the genus Zoysia are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrass species with drought, wear and salt tolerance. In this study, we conducted the genome-wide identification of plant U-box (PUB) genes in Zoysia japonica based on U-box domain searching. In total, 71 ZjPUB genes were identified, and a protein tree was constructed of AtPUBs, OsPUBs, and ZjPUBs, clustered into five groups. The gene structures, characteristics, cis-elements and protein interaction prediction network were analyzed. There were mainly ABRE, ERE, MYB and MYC cis-elements distributed in the promoter regions of ZjPUBs. ZjPUBs were predicted to interact with PDR1 and EXO70B1, related to the abscisic acid signaling pathway. To better understand the roles of ZjPUBs under salt stress, the expression levels of 18 ZjPUBs under salt stress were detected using transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, revealing that 16 ZjPUBs were upregulated in the roots under salt treatment. This indicates that ZjPUBs might participate in the Z. japonica salt stress response. This research provides insight into the Z. japonica PUB gene family and may support the genetic improvement in the molecular breeding of salt-tolerant zoysiagrass varieties.

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Xiong, Xi, Ken Diesburg, and Daniel T. Lloyd. "Application of Glufosinate on Dormant Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) Turf." HortScience 48, no. 6 (June 2013): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.6.785.

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Winter application of glyphosate on dormant zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) is a common practice for control of fall-emerging weeds in the upper transition zone. However, repeated application can lead to selection of resistant weed populations. This study evaluated glufosinate, another non-selective herbicide, for weed control and safety on dormant zoysiagrass turf. Field plots were established on three sites during two growing seasons. At two application timings, glufosinate at rates of 0.84 or 1.68 kg·ha−1 were compared with glyphosate at 0.56 kg·ha−1 and a nontreated control. Application timings included 2 to 3 weeks or 2 to 3 days before zoysiagrass spring green-up. Regardless of rate, glufosinate was similar in effectiveness to glyphosate for control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and mouseear chickweed (Cerastium vulgatum L.). Application timing significantly affected phytotoxicity on zoysiagrass turf. For applications at 2 to 3 weeks before initiation of zoysiagrass green-up in spring, no negative impact on zoysiagrass was found. However, when applications were made within days of zoysiagrass resuming growth, both glufosinate and glyphosate reduced turf quality up to 40%. This study suggests that glufosinate can be an alternative to glyphosate for weed management on dormant zoysiagrass turf, but applications should be timed at least 2 weeks before initiation of spring growth.

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Sun, Hyeon-Jin, In-Ja Song, Tae-Woong Bae, and Hyo-Yeon Lee. "Recent developments in biotechnological improvement of Zoysia japonica Steud." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 37, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/jpb.2010.37.4.400.

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Cai, H., M. Inoue, N. Yuyama, and S. Nakayama. "An AFLP-based linkage map of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica)." Plant Breeding 123, no. 6 (December 2004): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01022.x.

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23

Martins, Rodrigo Nogueira, Ana Paula Ferreira Colares, Rodrigo Nobre Santana, Marcus Vinícius Araújo Marques, and Danilo Pereira Ribeiro. "VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA SODICIDADE EM RAMPAS CULTIVADAS COM GRAMÍNEAS PARA TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO SANITÁRIO." Revista Univap 22, no. 40 (November 18, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v22i40.744.

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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial da sodicidade do solo em rampas cultivadas com Brachiaria humidicula e Zoysia japonica para tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Na estação de tratamento de esgoto do município de Januária/MG foram coletadas amostras de solo em duas rampas de tratamento de esgoto, uma cultivada com Brachiaria humidicula (RCBH) e outra cultivada com Zoysia japonica (RCZJ). Foram realizadas análises de químicas do solo e com isso determinou-se a Razão de Adsorção de Sódio (RAS) e a Porcentagem de Sódio Trocável (PST). Os dados foram submetidos à geoestatística. As maiores variabilidades foram observadas para a RAS e PST da RCBH, sendo classificadas como elevadas. Na análise da dependência espacial foi possivel observar que as variáveis estudadas apresentam forte correlação espacial, com excessão da RAS obtida da RCZJ que é considerada de fraca. Apesar da alta variabilidade espacial, a amplitude dos valores de RAS e PST encontrados nas rampas são pequenas não apresentando grandes riscos a salinização do solo a curto prazo.

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Pyke, S. "Youngia japonica (L.) DC. (Compositae), recently detected in Barcelona." Collectanea Botanica 35 (January 9, 2017): 005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.005.

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Se cita por vez primera en la península ibérica Youngia japonica, recientemente introducida en una zona ajardinada de Barcelona. Desde la primera observación la especie ha permanecido en el mismo lugar sin expandirse, pero reapareciendo los años posteriores. Se sugiere su posible introducción como contaminante de semillas o plantas de Zoysia, utilizada como alternativa de los céspedes de grama.

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TOBISA, M., Y. UCHIDA, S. IWASA, T. TSUKIYAMA, Y. ASANO, M. KIRIMURA, and Y. SUGIMOTO. "Effect of digested slurry on the dry matter production and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of two genotypes of Zoysia grass." Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 10 (November 16, 2017): 1565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859617000703.

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SUMMARYThe present study investigated the dry matter yield (DMY) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization (internal hyphae, arbuscules, and vesicles) of two genotypes of zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica strain Aso and cv. Asagake) at three rates (10, 20 and 40 g N/m2/year) of application of digested slurry (DS) or mineral fertilizer. Soil chemical properties (available phosphorus concentration, pH and electrical conductivity (EC)) were also measured as factors associated with AM colonization. The fertilizer type (DS v. mineral fertilizer) had an effect on DMY depending on the plant genotypes but had little or no effect on AM colonization, and soil chemical properties, indicating that DS can be used as a substitute for mineral fertilizer; however, it is necessary to apply it taking into account the ratio of inorganic nitrogen (N). However, heavy DS application decreased colonization by internal hyphae. Furthermore, even at the lowest rate, the continuous application of DS decreased colonization by arbuscules and vesicles in both genotypes, which were associated with decreasing soil pH and increasing EC. The results suggest that zoysia grass should be fertilized with DS at a rate of <10 g N/m2/year in order to achieve a continuous association with AM fungi, although this range of N application is sub-optimal for zoysia grass production.

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McCrimmon, James N. "Mineral Nutrient Content of Selected Turfgrass Species and Cultivars." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 520E—520. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.520e.

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Limited information is available concerning the mineral nutrient content of different turfgrass species. There is a need to develop sufficiency ranges for turfgrasses under various management programs. The nutrient concentration of a turfgrass provides an indication of the nutrient status and quality of the turf. A study was conducted to assess the mineral nutrient composition of selected turfgrass species and cultivars. Plant tissue samples of the following turfgrasses were collected: creeping bentgrass, Agrostis palustris Huds. `Penncross'; bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. `NuMex Sahara', `Santa Ana', `Texturf 10', and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy `Tifgreen', `Tifway'; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. `Medalist × Blend'; St. Augustinegrass Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze `Seville'; and zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica Steud. `El Toro' and Zoysia japonica × Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin. `Emerald'. Three samples of each cultivar were collected, washed with deionized water for 30 s, and dried in a forced-air oven at 70°C for 72 hr. Plant samples were analyzed for both macronutrient and micronutrient concentration. For the bermudagrass cultivars, the concentrations of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were less than 20.0 g·kg-1 and 2.0 g·kg–1, respectively, and less than known sufficiency levels. `Tifway' and `Texturf 10' had lower nitrogen (N) concentrations than other bermudagrasses. `Penncross' and `Medalist X' had the highest N concentrations. Zoysiagrass had low concentrations of N, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), K, and Mg. The concentration of copper (Cu) was low for zoysiagrass and three bermudagrass cultivars (`Texturf 10', `Tifgreen', and `Tifway'). There were differences among the turfgrasses for manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentrations.

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Obasa, Ken, Jack Fry, and Megan Kennelly. "Susceptibility of Zoysiagrass Germplasm to Large Patch Caused by Rhizoctonia solani." HortScience 47, no. 9 (September 2012): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.9.1252.

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Fourteen new zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) germplasm lines from parental crosses including Z. japonica (Steud.), Z. matrella (L.) Merr., and Z. pacifica (Goudswaard) were evaluated for susceptibility to large patch caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group (AG) 2-2 LP. The germplasm lines were compared with ‘Meyer’ (Zoysia japonica Steud.), the most widely used cultivar in the transition zone of the United States, under growth chamber and field conditions. Large patch susceptibility in the growth chamber study was estimated five days post-inoculation and thereafter for 25 days. Three pots of each line and ‘Meyer’ were randomly selected and rated for disease incidence by determining the percentage of individual shoots in each pot with distinct, water-soaked brown lesions on the leaf sheath. Field assessment of large patch susceptibility was carried out weekly and was by direct measurement of patch sizes as well as by digital image analysis of plots for the percentage of diseased turf. All 14 progeny had similar disease levels compared with ‘Meyer’ in the growth chamber, but only six consistently had disease levels as low as ‘Meyer’ in the field. Growth chamber results did not correlate to field results.

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Fry, Jack D., and Raymond A. Cloyd. "Zoysiagrass Genotypes Differ in Susceptibility to the Bluegrass Billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus." HortScience 46, no. 9 (September 2011): 1314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1314.

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Zoysiagrass, in general, has few insect pest problems but may suffer significant damage from infestations of the bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal). This study evaluated ‘Meyer’ and DALZ 0102 zoysiagrass (both Zoysia japonica Steud.) and 31 experimental zoysiagrass progeny, including reciprocal crosses between Z. japonica × Z. matrella (L.) Merr. or crosses between ‘Emerald’ (Z. japonica × Z. pacifica Goudsw.) × Z. japonica. These grasses were evaluated in adjacent experiments with 18 progeny in one and 13 in another. Plots were maintained under golf course fairway conditions and experienced natural infestations of the bluegrass billbug in 2009 and 2010 with larval damage primarily evident in June and continuing throughout the remainder of the growing season. ‘Meyer’ suffered the highest level of damage on each of six rating dates, ranging from 17% to 38% of the experimental plot area affected. Among the zoysiagrass progeny, damage ranged from 0% to 35% with most showing less than 15% damage. Overall, zoysiagrass progeny associated with reciprocal crosses of Z. japonica × Z. matrella or ‘Emerald’ × Z. japonica were less susceptible to bluegrass billbug than ‘Meyer’.

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Seo, Jin Yeol, Jong Il Chung, Min Chul Kim, Jung Sung Chung, Doo Bo Shim, Seon Hwa Song, Ji Hyun Oh, and Sang In Shim. "Effects of Trampling on Growth and Development in Zoysia japonica." Weed & Turfgrass Science 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5660/wts.2015.4.3.256.

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30

Nechet, Kátia de L., and Bernardo A. Halfeld-Vieira. "Curvularia lunata var. aeria causando queima foliar em Zoysia japonica." Fitopatologia Brasileira 30, no. 4 (August 2005): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582005000400023.

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31

Asano, Y. "Somatic embryogenesis and protoplast culture in Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica)." Plant Cell Reports 8, no. 3 (1989): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00716826.

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32

Inokuma, C., K. Sugiura, N. Imaizumi, and C. Cho. "Transgenic Japanese lawngrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) plants regenerated from protoplasts." Plant Cell Reports 17, no. 5 (March 9, 1998): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050403.

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33

Bae, T. W., E. Vanjildorj, S. Y. Song, S. Nishiguchi, S. S. Yang, I. J. Song, T. Chandrasekhar, et al. "Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Engineered Herbicide-Tolerant Zoysia japonica." Journal of Environmental Quality 37, no. 1 (January 2008): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0128.

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34

Ge, Yaxin, Tina Norton, and Zeng-Yu Wang. "Transgenic zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) plants obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation." Plant Cell Reports 25, no. 8 (March 8, 2006): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0123-8.

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35

Zhang, Zhenming, and Huaguang Hu. "Comparative study on growth traits and ions regulation of zoysiagrasses under varied salinity treatments." Open Life Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0079.

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Abstract Salt stress affects plant physiology, development, and growth. This research investigated varied salinity levels on growth traits and ions accumulation of four zoysiagrasses and aimed to identify phenotypic traits associated with variability in salinity tolerance. In this study, “S001” zoysiagrass (Zoysia sinica), “Diamond” zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella), “J026” zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica), and “M001” zoysiagrass (Zoysia macrostachya) were grown in plastic pots and exposed to 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution amended with different amounts of NaCl for 120 days. At the end of the experiment, growth traits and ion contents were determined. The results showed that the salt-tolerance of four zoysiagrasses ranked as “M001” > “Diamond” > “J026” > “S001” according to percent green leaf canopy area (GLCA) after 120 days of salinity treatment. Although dry leaf weight, leaf length/width, and shoot height were significantly decreased by salinity treatments for all turfgrasses, the salt-tolerant species had a smaller drop. Besides, ions secretion capacity and Na+ concentration in leaf and root increased, but K+ concentration together with leaf and root K+/Na+ ratios decreased with the increasing concentration of the salinity. However, the salt-tolerant species exhibited strong K+ absorption and transportation ability and a high salt secretion capacity. The results indicated that growth traits and ions regulation were related to variability in tolerance of diverse zoysiagrasses to salt stress.

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Lee, Bum Kyu, Hong-Gyu Kang, Nu Ri Ra, Hyeon-Jin Sun, Yong-Ik Kwon, In-Ja Song, Chang-Gi Kim, Tae-Hun Ryu, Kee Woong Park, and Hyo-Yeon Lee. "Development of distinction methods for male-sterile and dwarfism herbicide tolerant Zoysia japonica Steud." Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 41, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7744/cnujas.2014.41.3.187.

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37

Picarelli, Maria Aurea Saboya Chiaradia, Flavia Rodrigues Alves Patricio, Ricardo Harakava, Eliana Borges Rivas, and Addolorata Colariccio. "First report of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG 2-2 LP in Zoyzia japonica Steud in Brazil." Summa Phytopathologica 46, no. 4 (December 2020): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/221916.

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ABSTRACT The use of cultivated grasses in Brazil has grown by 40% between 2010 and 2015, and the species Zoysia japonica Steud, especially the cultivar ‘Esmeralda’, corresponds to 81% of the grass market in the country. The most important disease affecting zoysia grass, known as large patch, is caused by Rhizoctonia solani and occurs in the Brazilian lawns particularly during winter months. The aim of this study was to contribute to the identification and characterization of the anastomosis group of R. solani isolates from lesions typical of large patch collected from ‘Esmeralda’ grass at gardens and golf courses in the states of São Paulo and Bahia, Brazil. All 12 obtained isolates presented dark-brown colonies with aerial mycelial growth, multinucleated hyphae and absence of concentric zonation or sclerotia, and showed their greatest mycelial growth rate at 25°C. In pathogenicity experiments, except three out of R. solani isolates, reduced the growth of zoysia grass. Based on the analysis of sequences of the rDNA-ITS region, the isolates clustered with reference isolates of the anastomosis group AG 2-2 LP. Phylogenetic inference showed that the Brazilian isolates are grouped into two clades that shared the same common ancestral with 96% bootstrap. One of the clades includes only Brazilian isolates while the other one also includes American and Japanese R. solani isolates AG 2-2 LP. This is the first report and characterization of R. solani AG 2-2 LP in zoysiagrass in Brazil.

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Bae, Tae-Woong, Hong-Gyu Kang, In-Ja Song, Hyeon-Jin Sun, Suk-Min Ko, Pill-Soon Song, and Hyo-Yeon Lee. "Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified Herbicide-Tolerant zoysiagrass (Event: Jeju Green21)." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/jpb.2011.38.2.105.

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Pompeiano, Antonio, Nicola Grossi, and Marco Volterrani. "Vegetative Establishment Rate and Stolon Growth Characteristics of 10 Zoysiagrasses in Southern Europe." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (February 2012): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.114.

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In today's climate, in which economic and environmental sustainability has to be ensured, it is important to promote the use of grass species that require minimal maintenance inputs. The superior heat and drought tolerance of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) makes it an excellent choice for Mediterranean areas. A study was conducted to evaluate the establishment rate from vegetative plugs of 10 zoysiagrass genotypes (i.e., species and cultivars). Stolon growth rate, establishment rates, biometric traits, and winter color retention were measured. Establishment rate was measured using digital image analysis, and the data were fit to a sigmoid variable slope model. Zoysiagrass genotype significantly affected turf coverage during the establishment. At 140 days after plugging, ‘DALZ0101’ and ‘Zenith’ had significantly more turfgrass coverage, while ‘Emerald’, ‘HT-210’, ‘Meyer’, and mascarene grass (Zoysia pacifica) had the lowest coverage. Differences in total stolon length and growth rate were observed among the genotypes and for all stolon growth parameters. Japanese lawn grass (Zoysia japonica) had higher values compared with manilagrass (Zoysia matrella). A distinct trend in days to maintained 50% color retention (Days50) was observed in this study on the winter color retention of genotypes. Differences in color retention within japanese lawn grass cultivars were observed with ‘Victoria’ retaining color longer than ‘DeAnza’ and ‘El Toro’ (77.6, 57.8, and 57.2 Days50, respectively) and better than ‘Meyer’. Japanese lawn grass cultivars exhibited poor color retention (50.3 Days50) compared with manilagrass cultivars (79.3 Days50).

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Richardson, M. D., and J. W. Boyd. "Establishing Zoysia japonica from Sprigs: Effects of Topdressing and Nitrogen Fertility." HortScience 36, no. 2 (April 2001): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.2.377.

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Establishment of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) from sprigs is often impractical for golf courses and sports fields because of the slow growth rate of the species and subsequent long establishment period. A study was conducted at two different sites in Arkansas to evaluate the effects of soil topdressing and post-plant fertility rates on establishment of zoysiagrass from vegetative sprigs. Each site was planted according to standard methods using freshly-harvested sprigs (18 m3/ha) and either top dressed with 1.0 cm of native soil or maintained without topdressing. Beginning immediately after establishment, N was applied monthly at rates of 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, or 5.0 g·m-2 as urea. Rate of cover was monitored throughout the growing season and elemental analysis of plant tissues was determined 120 days after planting. Topdressing the sprigs with native soil significantly improved establishment compared to traditional sprigging at both sites, presumably because of enhanced sprig survival. Applications of N during the establishment period had little or no overall effect on establishment, although the 0 g·m-2 rate was slightly inferior to all other rates. This study indicates that methods that enhance sprig survival are more important than added fertility for the rapid establishment of zoysiagrass sprigs.

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Kim, Woo-Nam, In-Ja Song, Hong-Gyu Kang, Hyeon-Jin Sun, Dae-Hwa Yang, Yong-Eok Lee, Yong-Ik Kwon, and Hyo-Yeon Lee. "Analysis of ZjWRKY3, ZjWRKY7 induced by multiple stress in Zoysia japonica." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 44, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/jpb.2017.44.3.220.

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42

Dhital, Deepa, Yuichiro Yashiro, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Hibiki Noda, Yoko Shizu, and Hiroshi Koizumi. "Carbon dynamics and budget in a Zoysia japonica grassland, central Japan." Journal of Plant Research 123, no. 4 (December 22, 2009): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-009-0289-6.

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43

McMillan, Mica, John Cisar, Pauric McGroary, George Snyder, and Michael Fidanza. "Nutrient Evaluation for Sod Production within the Lake Okeechobee Watershed." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.3.101.

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Abstract Nutrient pollution from agricultural production is an environmental concern in the Everglades Agricultural Area. Sod farms within the Lake Okeechobee watershed in south Florida were surveyed to determine their production and fertilizer practices, and to determine the nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) impacts for the watershed. Ten of twenty sod farms participated in the in-person survey for a 50% response rate. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) was grown on the greatest area at 5,463 ha (13,500 acres), followed-by St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) at 3,726 ha (9,208 acres), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis. at 188 ha (465 acres), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) at 121 ha (299 acres). Growing and harvest cycle duration varied by turfgrass species. All farms follow guidelines for best management practices using fertilizer recommendations published by Florida’s Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. The predominate nitrogen (N) source used was ammonium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate was the most commonly utilized phosphorous (P) source. Survey results indicated that 90% of sod farms had net exports of N and 100% of sod farms had net export of P. Thus, sod production provides a route for removing these two nutrients from this fragile hydrologically-linked ecosystem. Species used in this study: bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy, St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.).

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Zhang, Di, Hanguo Zeng, Liyuan Zhao, Jiaming Yue, Xiao Qi, and Manli Li. "Isolation and Identification Rust Pathogens and the Study of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression under Rust Infection in Zoysia japonica." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121200.

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The goal of this study was to identify the zoysiagrass rust pathogens and to analyze the differences in rust-resistant and rust-susceptible Zoysia japonica germplasm upon inoculation. Based on the assessment of spore morphology and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) molecular identification, the zoysiagrass rust pathogen was identified as Puccinia zoysiae Diet. The development of mycelium, the rate of spreading, and the timing of spore production were more delayed in the rust-resistant (RR) genotype than the rust-susceptible (RS) genotype. After inoculation, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) initially decreased, then increased in both the RR and RS genotypes, but the increased enzyme activities were faster in the RR than in the RS genotype. Rust resistance was positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity. The observed changes in CAT, POD and APX activity corresponded to their gene expression levels. The results of this study may be utilized in accurately evaluating the damage of rust disease and rust-resistance in zoysiagrass germplasm aimed at breeding the rust-resistant zoysiagrass varieties and improving disease management of zoysiagrass turf.

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Jin, Hai-Xiang, Ming Jiang, Jian-Feng Yang, Zhi-Hao Wu, Long-Long Ma, Cong-Cong Wang, Chen Liang, Xin-Yi Ning, Liang-Fa Ge, and Shu Chen. "A Survey of Enhanced Cold Tolerance and Low-Temperature-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in a Novel Zoysia japonica Biotype." Plants 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030429.

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Zoysia japonica is a warm-season turfgrass that is extensively used in landscaping, sports fields, and golf courses worldwide. Uncovering the low-temperature response mechanism of Z. japonica can help to accelerate the development of new cold-tolerant cultivars, which could be used to prolong the ornamental and usage duration of turf. A novel Z. japonica biotype, YueNong-9 (YN-9), was collected from northeastern China for this study. Phenotypic measurements, cold-tolerance investigation, and whole-transcriptome surveys were performed on YN-9 and LanYin-3 (LY-3), the most popular Z. japonica cultivar in Southern China. The results indicated the following: YN-9 has longer second and third leaves than LY-3; when exposed to the natural low temperature during winter in Guangzhou, YN-9 accumulated 4.74 times more anthocyanin than LY-3; after cold acclimation and freezing treatment, 83.25 ± 9.55% of YN-9 survived while all LY-3 leaves died, and the dark green color index (DGCI) value of YN-9 was 1.78 times that of LY-3; in YN-9, there was a unique up-regulation of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), Homeobox-leucine Zipper IV (HD-ZIP), and ATP-Binding Cassette transporter B8 (ABCB8) expressions, as well as a unique down-regulation of zinc-regulated transporters and iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) expression, which may promote anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport, and accumulation. In conclusion, YN-9 exhibited enhanced cold tolerance and is thus an excellent candidate for breeding cold-tolerant Z. japonica variety, and its unique low-temperature-induced anthocyanin accumulation and gene responses provide ideas and candidate genes for the study of low-temperature tolerance mechanisms and genetic engineering breeding.

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Zhang, Qi, Jack Fry, Channa Rajashekar, Dale Bremer, and Milton Engelke. "Membrane Polar Lipid Changes in Zoysiagrass Rhizomes and Their Potential Role in Freezing Tolerance." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, no. 3 (May 2009): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.3.322.

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Cell membranes play an integral role in freezing tolerance. The objectives of this study were to quantify polar lipids in cold-tolerant ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) and cold-sensitive ‘Cavalier’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella) and to evaluate their potential role in freezing tolerance. Grasses were acclimated outside and sampled once monthly between October and January to determine freezing tolerance and lipid composition in rhizomes. Lowest LT50s (temperature resulting in 50% survival) were observed in November for ‘Cavalier’ (−8.5 and −9.6 °C in 2005 and 2006, respectively) and December for ‘Meyer’ (−16.2 and −15.4 °C in 2005 and 2006, respectively). The most abundant lipids in zoysiagrass rhizomes were monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid, which comprised 90% of the polar lipids. Differences in lipid contents and double bond indices (DBI) were detected between ‘Meyer’ and ‘Cavalier’ during cold acclimation, but there were no consistent relationships between lipid classes or DBI and freezing tolerance in zoysiagrass.

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47

Hayakawa, Toshihiro, Takeshi Toda, Qu Ping, Joseph M. Mghalu, Shigeharu Yaguchi, and Mitsuro Hyakumachi. "A New Subgroup of Rhizoctonia AG-D, AG-D III, Obtained from Japanese Zoysia Grass Exhibiting Symptoms of a New Disease." Plant Disease 90, no. 11 (November 2006): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1389.

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Isolates of an unidentified Rhizoctonia sp. (UN isolates) were obtained from Japanese zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica Steud) that exhibited symptoms of a new sheath rot disease. UN isolates were binucleate and showed hyphal fusion with tester isolates of Rhizoctonia anastomosis group (AG)-D. Those isolates were compared with isolates of subgroups I and II of Rhizoctonia AG-D based on cultural morphology, hyphal growth rate at different temperatures, anastomosis frequency, pathogenicity, and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA genes (rDNA-ITS region). The mycelial color of UN isolates was light yellow which differs from AG-D I but is similar to AG-D II. Sclerotia of UN isolates were dark brown in color and larger in size (1 to 3 mm in diameter) than those of AG-D subgroup I (1 mm in diameter), whereas isolates of AG-D II produced white mycelial clamps 4 to 5 mm in size. Hyphal growth rate of UN isolates was slower than that of two AG-D subgroups at several temperatures, especially 25°C. In pathogenicity tests on Japanese zoysia grass, UN isolates showed moderate disease severity and lower pathogenicity than isolates of AG-D subgroups I and II. Sequences of the rDNA-ITS region within UN isolates were almost homologous, but had lower homology with subgroups AG-D I or II. Phylogenetic trees constructed using ITS sequences showed that UN isolates formed an individual cluster that differed from the clusters of the two subgroups. We propose that UN isolates are a new subgroup of Rhizoctonia AG-D, subgroup III, and the name of the disease is “spring-rot” on Japanese zoysia grass.

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Xuan, Jiping, Yufeng Song, Hongxiao Zhang, Jianxiu Liu, Zhongren Guo, and Yuelou Hua. "Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Stolon Cold Stress Response between the C4 Perennial Grass Species Zoysia japonica and Zoysia metrella." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 26, 2013): e75705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075705.

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Guan, Jin, Xifeng Fan, Yuesen Yue, Lixin Xu, Ke Teng, and Shuxia Yin. "Integrative Transcriptome and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Test Analysis Shed New Light on the Leaf Senescence Mechanism of Zoysia japonica." Agronomy 13, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030623.

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Zoysia japonica is an important warm-season turfgrass used worldwide. The decreased aesthetic quality and functionality during leaf senescence hamper its further utilization. However, information about the transcriptional mechanism and genes involved in leaf senescence in Z. japonica needs to be more extensive. Therefore, to better understand leaf senescence in Z. japonica, we investigated the integrated analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence test (JIP-test) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of mature and senescent leaves. First, we identified 22,049 genes, of which 4038 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results for gene expression profiles were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. A total of 2515 genes have homologous genes in other plants. The matched known-function SAGs are mainly involved in chlorophyll degradation and plant hormone response. A total of 539 differentially expressed transcription factor genes, including AP2/ERF-ERF, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, and MYB, were identified to be associated with leaf senescence. Next, senescence represses chlorophyll biosynthesis while upregulating chlorophyll degradation. Senescence harms the integrity and functionality of PSII, PSI, and the intersystem electron transport chain. In addition, IAA biosynthesis was inhibited, whereas ABA and ET biosynthesis were activated in leaf senescence, and senescence activates signal transduction of IAA, ABA, and ET. These findings add to our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of leaf senescence. The senescence-associated genes are candidate targets for providing new insight into leaf senescence modeling in Z. japonica. They provided a theoretical foundation to reveal the functions of senescence-associated genes and chlorophyll catabolic genes involved in leaf senescence.

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Dias, Roque C., Leandro Tropaldi, Tais S. Dadazio, Gabrielle C. Macedo, Paulo V. Silva, Caio A. Carbonari, and Edivaldo D. Velini. "Growth regulation of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) with glyphosate." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 56, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2021.1877982.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Zoysia japonica'

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