Journal articles: 'ZrO2-TiO2'

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Tachibana, Takashi, Tomohisa Yoshioka, Keizo Nakagawa, Takuji Shintani, Eiji Kamio, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Gas Permeation Characteristics of TiO2-ZrO2-Aromatic Organic Chelating Ligand (aOCL) Composite Membranes." Membranes 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120388.

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Methyl gallate (MG) and ethyl ferulate (EF) with a benzene ring were separately used as aromatic organic chelating ligands (aOCLs) to prepare two versions of TiO2-ZrO2-aOCL composite sols via hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions with titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti(OC3H7)4) and zirconium(IV) butoxide (Zr(OC4H9)4). Thermogravimetric and FT-IR analysis of dry gels revealed that aromatic rings were present in the residual organic matter when the gel was fired under nitrogen at 300 °C. In X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the TiO2-ZrO2 composite material prepared using these two aOCLs showed an amorphous structure with no crystalline peaks for TiO2 and ZrO2. In N2 adsorption/desorption measurements at 77 K, the TiO2-ZrO2 samples using the aOCLs as a template appeared porous with a larger specific surface area than TiO2-ZrO2 without aOCL. TiO2-ZrO2-aOCL composite membranes were prepared by coating and firing TiO2-ZrO2-aOCL sol onto a SiO2 intermediate layer using an α-alumina porous tube as a substrate. Compared with the TiO2-ZrO2 membrane, the TiO2-ZrO2-aOCL membranes had higher gas permselectivity. The TiO2-ZrO2-EF membrane showed a He permeance of 2.69 × 10−6 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with permeance ratios of He/N2 = 10.6 and He/CF4 = 163, while the TiO2-ZrO2-MG membrane revealed a bit less He permeance at 8.56 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with greater permeance ratios of He/N2 = 61.7 and He/CF4 = 209 at 200 °C. A microporous TiO2-ZrO2 amorphous structure was obtained by introducing aOCL. The differences in the side chains of each aOCL could possibly account for the differences in the microporous structures of the resultant TiO2-ZrO2-aOCL membranes.

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Yao, Bing Hua, Xiu Ping Han, Ying Lü, Chao Peng, and Cheng Jie Zhang. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂-ZrO₂ Hybrid Composite Microspheres ." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.257.

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The hollow TiO2-ZrO2 hybrid composite microspheres were successfully synthesized by hard template-hydrothermal method. The resulting materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, DRS, FT-IR and BET techniques. The results showed that the TiO2-ZrO2 hybrid composite microspheres with hollow structure were piled by TiO2 (anatase) and ZrO2 (monoclinic) hybrid nanoparticles. The specific surface area and the average pore size of the as-prepared samples were determined to be 224.6 m2/g and 4.159 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was also evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) compared to the hollow TiO2. It was found that the resultant TiO2-ZrO2 hollow microspheres show higher photocatalytic activity than hollow TiO2-ZrO2. The degradation rate of MB can be up to 99.4% after 60min of a high pressure mercury lamp (125W) irradiation.

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Lu, Xi Ning, and Cun Yi Song. "The Study of the MnOx/TiO₂-ZrO₂ Used in the Sintering Flue Gas Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.551.

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TiO2, 50%TiO2-ZrO2 and 80%TiO2-ZrO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The manganese oxides were impregnated on the carrier and the catalysts were used for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR) in the presence of excess O2. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the particle size of 80%TiO2-ZrO2 is the smallest among the three kind of carrier and the particles are highly dispersed. By adding the ZrO2, the Zr4+ ions replaced the lattice Ti4+ ions, and thus caused lattice distortion in the TiO2 and an increase of the active point amount on the carrier. Furthermore, the Zr also promoted the dispersion of the active ingredients carried on the carrier, increased the surface concentration of Mn. The most active catalyst was obtained with a mass MnOx/80%TiO2-ZrO2 ratio of 0.1.The best MnOx/80%TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst yielded nearly 92.6% NO conversion at 130°C at a high space velocity of 67,000 h-1.

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Manriquez, M. E., M. Picquart, X. Bokhimi, T. López, P. Quintana, and J. M. Coronado. "X-Ray Diffraction, and Raman Scattering Study of Nanostructured ZrO2-TiO2 Oxides Prepared by Sol–Gel." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 6623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18436.

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In the present work, we study the phase composition of ZrO2-TiO2 system by means of XRD and Raman spectroscopy, using also TG-ATD, and N2 adsorption isotherms as complementary characterization techniques. TiO2-ZrO2 samples of selected compositions (0, 10, 90, 50 and 100% in weight of TiO2) were prepared by sol–gel method and annealed at three different temperatures (400, 600 and 800 °C). Structural characterization reveals that only the pure oxides are crystalline at 400 °C: TiO2 as anatasa with a minor brookite component, and ZrO2 as a mixture of tetragonal (majority) and monoclinic phases. Following the 600 °C calcination, the TiO2-ZrO2 50–50% sample forms the ZrTiO4 mixed oxide, although this materials remains partly amorphous. In contrast, samples with higher and lower TiO2 content form solid solutions with, respectively, anatasa and tetragonal ZrO2 structures. Zirconium incorporation into the TiO2 lattice leads to the expansion of the unit cell parameters, and it stabilizes the anatase phase, hindering its transformation into rutile. Similarly, dissolving titanium atoms into the ZrO2 structure delays the transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic polymorph.

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Dini, Fitriyah Wulan, Helmiyati Helmiyati, and Yuni K. Krisnandi. "Cellulose and TiO2–ZrO2 Nanocomposite as a Catalyst for Glucose Conversion to 5-EMF." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10320.320-330.

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This work demonstrated the use of green material catalysts, produced from Sengon sawdust waste, to obtain nanocellulose biopolymers. The green material catalysts were utilized as catalysts support of TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide in the form of nanocomposite materials with superior synergistic properties. The isolation of nanocellulose was achieved using a hydrolysis method with a yield of 63.40%. The TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles have average particle sizes of around 25 and 15 nm, respectively, and the binary oxides of TiO2–ZrO2 pretained an average particle size of 30 nm were used. Furthermore, the nanocellulose combined with the TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide had formed a cellulose/TiO2−ZrO2 nanocomposite with an average particle size of 30 nm. This indicates that the supporting nanocellulose can stabilize the nanoparticles and avoid aggregation. Moreover, the nanocomposites can be used as a catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF). The catalytic activity increased with the nanoparticle effect obtained ZrO2, TiO2, TiO2-ZrO2, and cellulose and TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite, in 15.50%, 20.20%, 35.20%, and 45.50% yields, respectively. The best yield of 5-EMF was 45.50%, with reaction conditions of 1:1 TiO2–ZrO2 ratio, 4 h reaction time, and 160 °C reaction temperature. The use of nanocellulose biopolymer generated from Sengon sawdust waste in Indonesia provides a promising catalyst support material as an alternative green catalyst. In addition, the glucose carbohydrates can be converted to biofuel feedstocks in the development of a renewable alternative energy. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Reddy, Benjaram M., Biswajit Chowdhury, and Panagiotis G. Smirniotis. "An XPS study of the dispersion of MoO3 on TiO2–ZrO2, TiO2–SiO2, TiO2–Al2O3, SiO2–ZrO2, and SiO2–TiO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides." Applied Catalysis A: General 211, no. 1 (March 2001): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(00)00834-6.

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Ivanova, T., A. Harizanova, T. Koutzarova, N. Krins, and B. Vertruyen. "Electrochromic TiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2–ZrO2 thin films by dip-coating method." Materials Science and Engineering: B 165, no. 3 (December 2009): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2009.07.013.

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Ramenzoni, Liza L., Laura B. Flückiger, Thomas Attin, and Patrick R. Schmidlin. "Effect of Titanium and Zirconium Oxide Microparticles on Pro-Inflammatory Response in Human Macrophages under Induced Sterile Inflammation: An In Vitro Study." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154166.

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The wear-debris particles released by shearing forces during dental implant insertion may contribute to inflammatory reactions or osteolysis associated with peri-implantitis by stimulating inflammasome-activation. The study aim was to examine cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of titanium (TiO2) and zirconia (ZrO2) particles in macrophages regarding their nature/particle concentration over time under sterile lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation. Macrophages were exposed to TiO2 and ZrO2 particles (≤5 µm) in cell culture. Dental glass was used as inert control and LPS (1 μg/mL) was used to promote sterile inflammation. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assays and cytokine expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). Cytotoxicity was significantly increased when exposed to higher concentrations of glass, TiO2 and ZrO2 (≥107 particles/mL) compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05). Macrophages challenged with TiO2 particles expressed up to ≈3.5-fold higher upregulation than ZrO2 from 12 to 48 h. However, when exposed to LPS, TiO2 and ZrO2 particle-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression was further enhanced (p ≤ 0.05). Our data suggest that ZrO2 particles produce less toxicity/inflammatory cytokine production than TiO2. The present study shows that the biological reactivity of TiO2 and ZrO2 depends on the type and concentration of particles in a time-dependent manner.

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Thepwatee, Sukanya, Nitipon Chekuntod, Atisayapan Chanchawee, and Pawnprapa Pitakjakpipop. "Light-Enhanced Adsorptive Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Using Supported TiO₂-ZrO₂." Key Engineering Materials 798 (April 2019): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.391.

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Combustion of diesel fuel containing sulfur compounds emits SOx into atmosphere causing acid rain and respiratory illness in human. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) is one of the most difficult sulfur compounds in diesel to be removed by hydrodesulfurization (HDS). To produce ultra-low sulfur diesel (<15 ppmw-S), severe operating condition is required. As a result, production cost is increase. In this work, we investigated an alternative method for sulfur removal called Light-enhanced Adsorptive Desulfurization or L-ADS using supported TiO2-ZrO2. The TiO2-ZrO2 was loaded on commercial γ-Al2O3, fumed silica (FS), silica gel (SG) and zeolite (Z30) by wet-impregnation method. Impact of these supports on DBT removal were focused. Characteristic of the supported TiO2-ZrO2 was analyzed by N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The presence of TiO2-ZrO2 greatly enhanced DBT removal compared to TiO2 and ZrO2. SG promoted DBT removal by facilitating the adsorption of dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2), a product of DBT photocatalytic oxidation. Using TiO2-ZrO2/SG, 86% of sulfur was removed from 50 ppmw-S DBT/C16 within 4 h.

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Nguyen Thi Hai, Yen, Hai Le Thị Hong, and Thao Pham Minh. "Synthesis nanocompsite TiO2-ZrO2 for photocatalic degration of phenol and methylene blue (MB)." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 9, no. 3 (October 3, 2020): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2020.057.

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A series of TiO2-ZrO2 binary oxide samples with various TiO2-ZrO2 content (90-10, 80-20, 70-30, 60-40, 50-50 mol %) were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-vis, IR spectroscopy and BET. XRD data identified the anatase phase of the TiO2 and tetragonal, monoclinic phases of ZrO2 in all obtained samples. The average crystallite size of the samples was between 16 to 21 nm. As UV-Vis spectra, the band gaps of TiO2-ZrO2 composites vary from 2,5 eV to 3,1 eV. The photocatalytic reactions confirmed that the nanocomposite sample showed higher photocatalytic activity than the pure oxides samples for the degradation of phenol and methylene blue (MB) under 100 W incandescent lamp. Among the prepared samples, the best sample for photocatalytic degration of MB is the ĐKT9-1 which contains 90% TiO2 and 10% ZrO2 with a percentage 95% after 180 minutes. The ĐKT8-2 which contains 80% TiO2 and 20% ZrO2 shows the best phenol removal efficiency of 97% after 30 minutes. This indicates that the materials are capable of treating MB and phenol in wastewater.

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Ruíz-Santoyo, Víctor, Virginia F. Marañon-Ruiz, Rafael Romero-Toledo, Oscar Arturo González Vargas, and Alejandro Pérez-Larios. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B and Methylene Orange Using TiO2-ZrO2 as Nanocomposite." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091035.

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The present research reports the synthesis of ZrO2-doped TiO2 photocatalysts at different ZrO2 contents (1, 3 and 5% wt.) synthesized by the sol–gel method. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the ZrO2-doped TiO2 was investigated against the dyes methyl orange and rhodamine B through mineralization studies. The ZrO2-doped TiO2 samples presented a semiglobular-ovoid agglomerate shape around 500–800 nm. The samples presented high crystallinity of the TiO2 anatase phase, XPS suggested the formation of Zr–O–Ti bonds and the samples were classified as mesoporous materials with slight changes in the optical features in comparison with pure TiO2. Our study shows that the ZrO2-doped TiO2 composites exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity than just utilizing the synthetized TiO2 and a commercial P25. The different degradation behaviors are attributed to differences in the textural properties, and to the different optical absorptions of the samples due to structural defects created by the level of doping of Zr4+ ions into the TiO2 lattice. Reaction kinetics parameters were calculated by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, and a third run cycle of the ZrO2-doped TiO2 at 1% wt. achieved a photocatalytic degradation of 78.1 and 75.5% for RhB and MO, respectively.

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KOBAYASHI, Kiyoshi, Kinya KATO, Kazuya TERABE, Shu YAMAGUCHI, and Yoshiaki IGUCHI. "Metastable Phase Relationship in the ZrO2-YO1.5, ZrO2-TiO2 and YO1.5-TiO2 Systems." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 106, no. 1236 (1998): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.106.782.

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Guerrero-Areque, D., Ricardo Gomez, and H. A. Calderon. "TEM Characterization of Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Application: ZrO2-TiO2 and CuO/ZrO2-TiO2." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, S1 (July 2017): 2036–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617010844.

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Muslim, Muhamad Imam, Rian Kurniawan, Mokhammad Fajar Pradipta, Wega Trisunaryanti, and Akhmad Syoufian. "The Effects of Manganese Dopant Content and Calcination Temperature on Properties of Titania-Zirconia Composite." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 21, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.61900.

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The effects of dopant content and calcination temperature on Mn-doped TiO2-ZrO2 structure and properties were successfully investigated. Composite of Mn-doped titania-zirconia was synthesized by sol-gel method. Titanium(IV) isopropoxide was used as the precursor of TiO2, while zirconiapowder was used as another semiconductor. MnCl2∙4H2O was used as the source of dopant in this study. Various amounts of manganese were incorporated into TiO2-ZrO2 and calcination was performed at temperatures of 500, 700 and 900 °C. Synthesized composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), specular reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (SR UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results showed that Mn-doped TiO2-ZrO2 with the lowest bandgap (2.78 eV) was achieved with 5% of Mn dopant and calcined at 900 °C, while Mn-doped TiO2-ZrO2 with the highest bandgap (3.12 eV) was achieved with 1% of Mn dopant content calcined at 500 °C.

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Antecka, Katarzyna, Jakub Zdarta, Katarzyna Siwińska-Stefańska, Grzegorz Sztuk, Ewelina Jankowska, Piotr Oleskowicz-Popiel, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Synergistic Degradation of Dye Wastewaters Using Binary or Ternary Oxide Systems with Immobilized Laccase." Catalysts 8, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8090402.

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In recent years, groundwater contamination caused by dyes has become an important problem. They enter into wastewater as a result of the textile, automotive, or cosmetics industries. For this reason, new methods are being sought, which would aid at the removal of dye impurities with high efficiency and also would be relatively cheap. In the presented study synthesized TiO2-ZrO2 (with TiO2:ZrO2 molar ratio of 8:2) and TiO2-ZrO2-SiO2 (with TiO2:ZrO2:SiO2 molar ratio of 8:1:1) oxide materials were used as supports for enzyme immobilization. Effective synthesis of the carriers was confirmed by results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature nitrogen sorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The materials achieve high immobilization efficiency of the laccases from Trametes versicolor (83% and 96% for TiO2-ZrO2-laccase and TiO2-ZrO2-SiO2-laccase, respectively). The effect of selected dye concentrations, pH, temperature, and reusability were also tested. The obtained results showed that after removal of textile dyes, such as Alizarin Red S (ARS), Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), and Reactive Black 5 (RB5), under optimal process conditions, which were pH 5 and 25 °C, from dye solution of 5 mg/L degradation efficiency reached 100%, 91%, and 77%, respectively, suggesting synergistic mechanism of degradation by simultaneous sorption and catalytic action. Finally, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the solution after treatment indicated lower mixture toxicity and effective dye degradation.

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Wang, Xin M., and Ping Xiao. "Solvothermal synthesis of titania-zirconia composite." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0042.

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Nanocomposite particles of anatase-type titania (TiO2) and cubic/tetragonal zirconia were synthesized from hydrothermal processing of TiCl4 and ZrOCl2·8H2O or ZrCl4 alcohol solutions at 160–200 °C. It was found that the morphologies and composition of the composite particles were mainly controlled by the precursors and the sequence by which the precursors were added. The TiO2–ZrO2 composite particles with nanoscale uniformity can be obtained by solvothermal processing of TiCl4 or a ZrO2 precursor together with preformed ZrO2 or yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles in ethanol. A novel one-step and non-template method for preparing ZrO2–TiO2 core–shell structured composite particles with hollow interior was identified, and possible reaction mechanism was suggested.

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Karunakaran, C., P. Magesan, P. Gomathisankar, and P. Vinayagamoorthy. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes by Al₂O₃-TiO₂ and ZrO₂-TiO₂ Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 734 (December 2012): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.325.

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Al2O3-TiO2 and ZrO2-TiO2 nanocomposites have been prepared by sol-gel method using polyvinylpyrrolidone-polyethylene glycol (PVP-PEG) as templating agents. While Al2O3 in the former is of end-centered monoclinic crystal structure ZrO2 in the latter is a 4:1 blend of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. In both the composites TiO2 is present as anatase. The energy dispersive X-ray spectra provide the compositions of the composites as Al:Ti::1:12 and Zr:Ti::1:1. Scanning electron micrographs display the sizes of Al2O3-TiO2 and ZrO2-TiO2 particles as 30-77 and 38-57 nm, respectively. The diffuse reflectance spectra of both the composites show band gap excitation in the UV-A region. Both the composites display similar photoluminescence and the observed near band gap emission and deep level emission agree with those of TiO2. The impedance spectral studies reveal that the charge-transfer resistance of ZrO2-TiO2 is less than that of Al2O3-TiO2. Both the composites exhibit photoconductance. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared nanocomposites depend on the dye employed. While both the composites degrade methylene blue and rhodamine B effectively under UV-A light the photodegradation of methyl orange is slow. Rhodamine B degrades on both the nanocomposites under visible light also, which is through dye-sensitized photocatalytic mechanism.

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Bannister, Michael J., and Judith M. Barnes. "Solubility of TiO2 in ZrO2." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 69, no. 11 (November 1986): C—269—C—271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1986.tb07373.x.

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Yang, Seng Lu, and Jenn Ming Wu. "ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic humidity sensors." Journal of Materials Science 26, no. 3 (February 1991): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00588297.

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Troitzsch, Ulrike, and David J. Ellis. "The ZrO2-TiO2 phase diagram." Journal of Materials Science 40, no. 17 (September 2005): 4571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1116-7.

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Chandra, D., G. C. Das, U. Sengupta, and S. Maitra. "Studies on the reaction sintered zirconia-mullite-alumina composites with titania as additive." Cerâmica 59, no. 351 (September 2013): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132013000300021.

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Zirconia-mullite-alumina composites were prepared by reaction sintering of micro fine calcined alumina and zircon flour in different ratios. TiO2 was added in different proportions as an additive and the starting materials were iso-statically pressed. The Al2O3 / ZrO2 ratios and the proportions of the TiO2 additive content were found to influence the physico-mechanical properties of the compacts significantly. The fabricated compacts exhibited exceptionally high sintered density, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. From the micro-structural analysis of the sintered compacts it has been observed that the relative size of the ZrO2 grains and relative proportion of t-ZrO2 phase in the batches with TiO2 additive was more compared to batches without TiO2 additive.

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Lónyi, F., and J. Valyon. "Thermally effected structural and surface transformations of sulfated TiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2-ZrO2 catalysts." Journal of Thermal Analysis 46, no. 1 (January 1996): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01979961.

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Xi, Zhiwen, Zhe Hong, Fangtao Huang, Zhirong Zhu, Wenzhi Jia, and Junhui Li. "Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol on the ZrO2-TiO2 Supported Pt-WOx Catalyst." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030312.

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A series of Pt/WOx-ZrO2-TiO2 catalysts with different Ti/Zr molar ratios was prepared by an evaporation induced self-assembly method, and used to efficient hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1-PO and 1,3-PDO. BET, XRD, Raman, TEM, XPS and Py-IR were employed to characterize the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The structural and acidic properties of the catalysts were affected by the Ti/Zr ratio of the support ZrO2-TiO2. Two new crystalline phases of ZrTiO4 and Ti2ZrO6 and the amount of acid sites were detected in the Pt/WOx-ZrO2-TiO2 catalysts. 1-PO is dominant in all products of glycerol hydrogenolysis over the supported Pt-WOx catalysts, which is attributed to more Lewis acid sites on the catalyst surface. The Pt/WOx-ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst with a Ti/Zr ratio of 7/3 showed the highest 1,3-PDO yield (25.3%) and 1-PO yield (42.3%), due to its more acid sites including Brønsted and Lewis, and higher concentration of surface Pt0.

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Nakahara, Taishi, and Yoshiro Kaneko. "Superacid-Catalyzed Preparation of Highly Dispersible Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Without Hydrocarbon Units." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17438.

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Highly dispersible, hydrocarbon-free zirconium oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2–NTf2– NP and TiO2–NTf2–NP) were successfully prepared via the simple sol–gel reactions of zirconium tetra-n-butoxide and titanium tetra-n-butoxide, respectively, using a water/methanol mixed solution of the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide superacid. ZrO2–NTf2–NP could be dispersed in acetone, ethanol, methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and water, whereas TiO2–NTf2–NP could be dispersed in acetone, DMF, DMSO, and water. The number-average particle sizes of ZrO2–NTf2–NP and TiO2–NTf2–NP were determined to be 3.6±0.6 nm and 5.8±1.1 nm; these values were obtained by dynamic light-scattering measurements of the acetone dispersions (1.0 w/v%). Highly dispersible ZrO2 nanoparticles could be prepared using other acid catalysts containing trifluoromethyl groups, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. In contrast, dispersible TiO2 nanoparticles could not be prepared using these acid catalysts.

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Ayre, Wayne Nishio, Nicole Scully, Carole Elford, Bronwen AJ Evans, Wendy Rowe, Jeff Rowlands, Ravi Mitha, et al. "Alternative radiopacifiers for polymethyl methacrylate bone cements: Silane-treated anatase titanium dioxide and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 35, no. 10 (February 11, 2021): 1235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328220983797.

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Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for anchoring joint arthroplasties. In cement brands approved for these procedures, micron-sized particles (usually barium sulphate, BaSO4) act as the radiopacifier. It has been postulated that these particles act as sites for crack initiation and subsequently cement fatigue. This study investigated whether alternative radiopacifiers, anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), could improve the in vitro mechanical, fatigue crack propagation and biological properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and whether their coating with a silane could further enhance cement performance. Cement samples containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%w/w TiO2 or ZrO2 and 10%w/w silane-treated TiO2 or ZrO2 were prepared and characterised in vitro in terms of radiopacity, compressive and bending strength, bending modulus, fatigue crack propagation, hydroxyapatite forming ability and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and viability. Cement samples with greater than 10%w/w TiO2 and ZrO2 had a similar radiopacity to the control 10%w/w BaSO4 cement and commercial products. The addition of TiO2 and ZrO2 to bone cement reduced the bending strength and fracture toughness and increased fatigue crack propagation due to the formation of agglomerations and voids. Silane treating TiO2 reversed this effect, enhancing the dispersion and adhesion of particles to the PMMA matrix and resulted in improved mechanical properties and fatigue crack propagation resistance. Silane-treated TiO2 cements had increased nucleation of hydroxyapatite and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment in vitro, without significantly compromising cell viability. This research has demonstrated that 10%w/w silane-treated anatase TiO2 is a promising alternative radiopacifier for PMMA bone cement offering additional benefits over conventional BaSO4 radiopacifiers.

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VAİZOĞULLAR, Ali İmran, Ahmet BALCI, Mehmet UĞURLU, and Muhammet Hamdi KARAOĞLU. "Synthesis of TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 Composite Microspheres and Their Photo‐Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.25229.

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TIDAHY, H., S. SIFFERT, J. LAMONIER, E. ZHILINSKAYA, A. ABOUKAIS, Z. YUAN, A. VANTOMME, B. SU, X. CANET, and G. DEWEIRELD. "New Pd/hierarchical macro-mesoporous ZrO2, TiO2 and ZrO2-TiO2 catalysts for VOCs total oxidation." Applied Catalysis A: General 310 (August 17, 2006): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2006.05.020.

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Zhao, Yun Peng, Li Hua Jia, Tao Jing, De Zhi Sun, and Jong Shik Chung. "Characterization and Catalytic Performance Study of CuO-ZnO-ZrO₂-TiO₂ Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1552.

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CuO-ZnO-ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst was prepared by parallel-slurry-mixing-precipitation method combined with addition of surfactant. The catalyst characterizations were investigated by Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM and EDS. Results show that the average pore diameter of the mesoporous CuO-ZnO-ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst is 3.754 nm, and dispersion of CuOis better on CuO-ZnO-ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst. Under the conditions of reaction temperature of 503 K, reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa, space velocity of 2100 h-1 with a H2/CO2 molar ratio of 3:1, the catalyst exhibited favorable activity for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. The selectivity to methanol and the yield of methanol were 27.42% and 4.50%, respectively.

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Nagai, Satoshi, Kanji Tsuru, Satoshi Hayakawa, and Akiyoshi Osaka. "Conformational Change of Protein due to Contact with Bioceramic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.517.

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The structural change of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was analyzed by means of ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy due to in contact with ceramics powders such as Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, hydroxyapatite and b-tricalcium phosphate. The absorbance of the UV spectra increased for the BSA solution in contact with TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3, that is, the BSA solution clouded. This indicated the aggregation of BSA after contact with those ceramics powders. The CD spectroscopy showed that the ordered secondary structure of BSA was diminished on contact with TiO2 and ZrO2. We discussed the protein adsorption property of ceramics on the basis of the magnitude of the interaction forces between proteins and the bioceramics.

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Czupryński, A. "Properties of Al2O3/TiO2 and ZrO2/CaO flame-sprayed coatings." Materiali in tehnologije 51, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2015.165.

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Ćurković, Lidija, Helena Otmačić Ćurković, Irena Žmak, Mihone Kerolli Mustafa, and Ivana Gabelica. "Corrosion Behavior of Amorphous Sol–Gel TiO2–ZrO2 Nano Thickness Film on Stainless Steel." Coatings 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080988.

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In this work, a single-layer TiO2–ZrO2 thin film is deposited on the AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel by the sol–gel process and the dip coating method to improve its corrosion resistance properties. For the sol preparation, titanium isopropoxide and zirconium butoxide are used as the precursors, yttrium acetate hydrate is used for the ZrO2 stabilization, i-propanol as the solvent, nitric acid as the catalyst, acetylacetone as the chelating agent, and the distilled water for the hydrolysis. The deposited films are annealed at 400 °C or 600 °C. Morphology and phase composition of the sol–gel TiO2–ZrO2 films and powders are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDX detector and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The thickness of the sol–gel TiO2–ZrO2 films deposited on the stainless steel is determined by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES). The corrosion behavior of the stainless steel, coated by amorphous films, is evaluated in 3 wt% NaCl and 0.5 mol dm−3 HCl by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It is found that the sol–gel TiO2–ZrO2 films with the amorphous structure, deposited by the sol–gel process, and calcined at 400 °C significantly enhance the corrosion properties of AISI 316L in both chloride media.

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Lu, Jianwei, Haifeng Wang, Juanjuan Zhu, Qiuju Zheng, Linfeng Ding, and Weizhong Jiang. "Preparation and Characterization of High-Strength Glass-Ceramics via Ion-Exchange Method." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 5477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195477.

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Lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics (LAS GCs) are ideal shell materials for mobile phones; however, the mechanical properties of LAS GCs are comparatively lower than that of other shell materials. In this work, the impact of TiO2/(TiO2 + ZrO2) ratio on properties of LAS GCs was studied and the ion-exchange methods were applied to improve the mechanical properties of LAS GCs. The results show that LAS GCs with TiO2/(TiO2 + ZrO2) = 1/2 exhibit the best flexural strength (109 MPa) and Vickers hardness (525 Kg/mm2). The as-prepared glass was nucleated at 560 °C for 1 h and crystallized at 720 °C for 0.5 h. The main crystalline phases of LAS GCs are β-quartz solid solution, β-spodumene solid solution, and Li2SiO3. Moreover, the flexural strength and Vickers hardness of LAS GCs with TiO2/(TiO2 + ZrO2) = 1/2 further increased to 356 MPa and 838 Kg/mm2 after an ion-exchange at 420 °C for 6 h in pure KNO3 molten salt. The LAS GCs with enhanced mechanical strength have the potential to be applied as mobile phone back panels.

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Visbal, Santiago, Soo Wohn Lee, C. Morillo, Daniel G. Carrillo, and Joaquín Lira-Olivares. "Tribological Analysis of Al₂O₃/TiO₂/ZrO₂ Nanocomposites as an Alternative for THR Materials." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.838.

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This work studied the microstructure and tribological behavior of Al2O3/TiO2/ZrO2 nanocomposites to be used in hip joint replacements. To increase the fracture toughness of alumina and enhance the tribological properties, nanometer sized particles of TiO2 and ZrO2 were added. The specimens contained 10 mol% of TiO2, different percentages of ZrO2 (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 15 and 20 mol %), and alumina as a remainder. Disks were hot pressed at 1500 °C and 25 MPa, in an Argon atmosphere for 1 hour. Given the fact that the sample containing 7.5 mol% of ZrO2 showed the lowest wear volume, it was hot pressed again at 1500, 1400, 1300 and 1200 °C to assess the best temperature condition for sintering. For a composition of 7.5 mol% of ZrO2 the lowest coefficient of friction (0.1-0.3) and the lowest wear volume (0.0046 mm3) were achieved. A direct relation between mechanical and tribological properties was not found. However, these nanocomposites may be considered as a candidate for a new generation of hip joint replacement material.

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Mei, Le Fu, Kai Ming Liang, Shu Ming Wang, and Feng Zhou. "Phase Transformation Behavior of ZrO₂-TiO₂ Thin Films in Electric Field." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2316.

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ZrO2-TiO2 thin films, which were heat-treated with an applied electric field, were prepared by sol-gel method. The phase transformation behavior of ZrO2-TiO2 composite thin films was studied by DTA, XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. In an electric field, the phase transformation temperature of amorphous phase to anatase and that of anatase to rutile are all decreased.

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Vantomme, A., A. Léonard, Zhong Yong Yuan, and Bao Lian Su. "Hierarchically Nanostructured Porous Functional Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1933.

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We demonstrate here a self-formation phenomenon of hierarchy with multiple-scaled porosity. Macrochanneled structures, labelled as CMI-7, with openings ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 microns and wormhole-like mesoporous walls with various ceramic compositions, such as ZrO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Y2O3, ZrO2-SiO2, ZrO2-TiO2, ZrO2-Y2O3,…, aluminosilicates, aluminophosphates, silicoaluminophosphates, metallophosphates, can be prepared by just controlling the hydrolysis and polycondensation rates of the pre-selected ceramic sources. The macrochannels (funnel-like or straight) are well parallel each other and perpendicular to the tangent of the particles’ surface. These hierarchical porous ceramics can be used in catalysis, separation and for immobilization of biological molecules and even microorganisms for filtration and bioreactor applications.

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Miranda, Maicon O., Bartolomeu Cruz Viana, Luzia Maria Honório, Pollyana Trigueiro, Maria Gardênnia Fonseca, Francisco Franco, Josy A. Osajima, and Edson C. Silva-Filho. "Oxide-Clay Mineral as Photoactive Material for Dye Discoloration." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020132.

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Titanium and zirconium oxides (TiO2 and ZrO2, respectively) were obtained from alkoxides hydrolyses, and then deposited into palygorskite clay mineral (Pal) to obtain new materials for photocatalytic applications. The obtained materials were characterized by structural, morphological, and textural techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the characteristic peaks of oxides and clay transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the modified palygorskite with both oxides showed that the clay was successfully modified by the proposed method. The increase in the specific surface area of the clay occurred when TiO2 and ZrO2 were deposited on the surface. The photocatalytic activity of these materials was investigated using the Remazol Blue anion dye under UV light. The evaluated systems presented high photocatalytic activity, reaching approximately 98% of dye discoloration under light. Thus, TiO2–Pal and ZrO2–TiO2–Pal are promising clay mineral-based photocatalysts.

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Silva, Silvelene Alessandra, Sérgio Luiz Mineiro, Rodrigo Matos Oliveira, and Maria do Carmo Andrade Nono. "Processing and Characterization of ZrO₂-TiO₂ Porous Films by Dip Coating for Application as Environmental Sensors." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.631.

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The main objective of this work is to study and characterize porous ZrO2-TiO2 films on alumina substrates that will be used for the production of porous ceramic sensors for the monitoring of air humidity in environments subject to the incidence of solar radiation. For the production of the films the dip coating technique was adopted. A viscosity study was performed to obtain stable suspensions of ZrO2-TiO2 in isopropyl alcohol with the para-aminobenzoic acid deflocculant (PABA), at concentrations of 10, 12.5 and 15% by weight of solids. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations were performed for the identification of crystalline phases, morphological analyzes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analyzes by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results allowed to determine the minimum value of viscosity and amount of deflocculant to stabilize the suspension. The sensor elements in the form of 1:1 (weight) ZrO2 - TiO2 porous films showed great potential to be used as sensors for the measurement of relative humidity the size and distribution of desirable pores in the porous film for application as moisture sensors was obtained with 12.5 and 15 % by weight ZrO2-TiO2

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Wang, You, D. L. Wang, G. Liu, W. Tian, and C. H. Wang. "The Influence of Powder Types and Plasma Spray Conditions on Abrasive Wear of Nanostructured and Conventional Al₂O₃/TiO₂ Coatings." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1294.

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In this paper, Al2O3/TiO2 coatings via thermal spray approach using three different feedstock powders, i.e., (a) reconstituted nanosized Al2O3/TiO2 feedstock powders, (b) reconstituted nanosized Al2O3/TiO2/ZrO2/CeO2 feedstock powders and (c) conventional Al2O3/TiO2 feedstock powders are described. Effects of different powder types and various plasma spray conditions on the density, microhardness and crack resistance, especially on the abrasive wear behavior of the coatings have been evaluated. The result showed that the coatings sprayed using different feedstock powders exhibit different abrasive wear behavior with changing the plasma spray conditions. The coatings sprayed using the reconstituted nanosized Al2O3/TiO2/ZrO2/CeO2 feedstock powders showed a significantly improved wear resistance compared to the coatings sprayed using reconstituted nanosized Al2O3/TiO2 feedstock powders or conventional Al2O3/TiO2 feedstock powders. The wear mechanisms of the coatings were discussed.

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Tsuji, Ryuki, Dmitry Bogachuk, David Martineau, Lukas Wagner, Eiji Kobayashi, Ryoto Funayama, Yoshiaki Matsuo, Simone Mastroianni, Andreas Hinsch, and Seigo Ito. "Function of Porous Carbon Electrode during the Fabrication of Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells." Photonics 7, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040133.

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We demonstrate the effect of sheet conductivity and infiltration using the example of two graphite types, showing that, in general, the graphite type is very important. Amorphous and pyrolytic graphite were applied to carbon electrodes in fully printable carbon-based multiporous-layered-electrode perovskite solar cells (MPLE-PSCs): <glass/F-doped SnO2/compact-TiO2/porous-TiO2+perovskite/porous-ZrO2+perovskite/porous-carbon+perovskite>. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) using amorphous graphite-based carbon (AGC) electrode was only 5.97% due to the low short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) value, which was due to the low incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) in the short wavelength region caused by the poor perovskite filling into the porous TiO2-ZrO2 layers. Conversely, using pyrolytic graphite-based carbon (PGC) electrode, Jsc, open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), fill factors (FF), and PCE values of 21.09 mA cm−2, 0.952 V, 0.670, and 13.45%, respectively, were achieved in the champion device. PGC had poorer wettability and a small specific surface area as compared with AGC, but it had better permeability of the perovskite precursor solution into the porous TiO2/ZrO2 layers, and therefore a denser filling and crystallization of the perovskite within the porous TiO2/ZrO2 layers than AGC. It is confirmed that the permeability of the precursor solution depends on the morphology and structure of the graphite employed in the carbon electrode.

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Suyanta, Suyanta, and Agus Kuncaka. "STUDY ON EFFECT OF pH AND METAL CONCENTRATION ON THE SYNTHESIS OF DIMENSIONALLY STABLE ANODE GAPHITE/La₂O₃-ZrO₂ AND GAPHITE/RuO₂-TiO₂." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 2 (June 14, 2010): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21747.

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The objective of this research is to study the effect of pH and metal concentration toward the mass of metal oxides coated on gaphite in the synthesis of dimensionally stable anode (DSA) gaphite/La2O3-ZrO2 and gaphite/RuO2-TiO2. The synthesis of those DSA was done by thermal decomposition technique. The solution containing metal ion to be coated (as its oxides) on the gaphite, followed by heating. Those spraying and heating were repeated up to ten times, so that it was expected that all of gaphite surface was covered by the metal oxides. It was concluded that the mass of metal oxides coated on the gaphite was affected by the pH and concentration of metals in the solutian to be sprayed. Treatment by using solution at pH of 4 and 6 produced more in mass of metal oxides mixture than using solution of 1 and 2 on pHs. DSA gaphite/La2O3-ZrO2 produced by treatment using solution of 4 and 6 on pHs contained more in mass of La2O3 than of ZrO2; meanwhile DSA gaphite/RuO2-TiO2 produced in this research (for all of treatment) contained more in mass of RuO2 than of TiO2. Keywords: Dimensionally Stable Anode, gaphite, La2O3-ZrO2, RuO2-TiO2

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Lin, Ming-Hong, and Moo-Chin Wang. "Phase transformation and characterization of TiO2 and ZrO2 addition in the Li2O–Al2O3-SiO2 gels." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 10 (October 1996): 2611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0328.

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Glass-ceramic powders with a composition of Li2O · Al2O3 · 4SiO2 (LAS) have been synthesized by the sol-gel technique using LiOCH3, Al(OC2H5)3, Si(OC2H5)4, Ti(OC2H5)4, and Zr(OC2H5)4 as starting materials and the phase transformation behavior during calcination has been investigated. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to determine the thermal behavior of the gels. Considering the LAS gels with 6.0 wt. % TiO2 and various wt. % ZrO2 content, and peak position of the β-spodumene phase formation in DTA curves was shifted to a higher temperature when the ZrO2 content was increased. The activation energy of β-spodumene crystallization was 283.8 kcal/mol for LAS gels with 6.0 wt. % TiO2 and 2.0 wt. % ZrO2. Unlike foregoing studies for LAS gels, during calcination of the dried LASTZ gels from 800 °C to 1200 °C neither β-eucryptite nor γ-spodumene was noted to be present. The crystallized phases comprised of β-spodumenes as the major phase and rutile (TiO2) together with zirconia (ZrO2) are precipitated as minor phases.

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42

Win, Than Than, Yin Maung Maung, and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe. "Fabrication of TiO₂-ZrO₂ Binary Oxide Electrode with Natural Dye (Rose) for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2036.

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TiO2-ZrO2 fine binary oxide was firstly prepared by mechanochemical milling process to be homogeneous binary oxide powder. TiO2-ZrO2 paste was deposited onto microscopic glass slide by rolling. It was immersed in the Rose solution at different pH levels and annealed at 100°C for 2h. Carbon catalyst obtained from soot and HCl was coated onto another glass slide and it was used as counter electrode. Two glass slides were offset and two binder clips were used to hold the electrodes together. Photovoltaic properties of TiO2-ZrO2 cells were measured at different pH levels and it was expected to utilize the dye sensitized solar cells application. The highest efficiency (0.23%) of the dye sensitize solar cell was found to be rose extract at pH level 4.1. The cell exhibited the potential to be a low-cost photovoltaic option.

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Valigi, M. "Metastable phase formation in the TiO2-ZrO2 and CdO-ZrO2 systems." Solid State Ionics 101-103, no. 1-2 (November 1997): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00201-4.

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Monmaturapoj, Naruporn, and Witoon Thepsuwan. "Preparation and Characterization of Modified Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.74.

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Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic is commonly used in the biomedical applications particularly as a bone substitute due to its biocompatibility and directly bond to bones. However, the mechanical strength is quite poor. Therefore, well known biocompatible and strong ceramics such as SiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 were added to improve the strength of BCP. BCP powder with HA/TCP ratios of 70/30 (HAP7030) was obtained by controlling the calcining temperature of the mixture between a pure HA and TCP. SiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 powder with 2, 5 and 10 %wt were mixed with the HAP7030 powder by ball milling in ethanol. The mixtures were dried, pressed and sintered at 1100°C for 2 hrs. XRD and SEM were used to determine crystal structures and morphology of the sintered samples, respectively. Physical properties and flexural strength of samples were measured. Results showed that the bending strength of HAP7030 sample was rather improved by adding TiO2 than the addition of SiO2 or ZrO2. With increasing TiO2, HAP7030 strength was superior and HAP7030 with 10 %wt of TiO2 obtained the optimum bending strength around 61 MPa. However, the addition of TiO2 induced the thermal stability of HA/TCP, in which HA completely decomposed to β-TCP in this study.

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Sugiyama, Fuya, Shunsuke Hayashi, and Shinji Iwamoto. "Pore Structure of TiO₂- Modified ZrO₂ Particles Prepared by the Glycothermal Method." Advanced Engineering Forum 38 (November 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.38.17.

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Titania-modified zirconias with different Ti/Zr ratios were synthesized via thermal treatment of zirconium (IV) tetra-n-propoxide and titanium (IV) tetra-iso-propoxide in 1,4-butanediol at 300 °C. The obtained products were spherical particles composed of nanocrystals with the tetragonal ZrO2 structure. The products had large specific surface areas, large pore volumes, and relatively narrow pore size distributions in the mesopore region. After calcination at high temperatures, the obtained TiO2-modified ZrO2 samples preserved large surface areas and pore structure. Having these superior thermal stability and pore structure, the obtained TiO2-modified ZrO2 particles are expected to show high performance as catalytic materials.

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Uzum, Abdullah, Masashi Kuriyama, Hiroyuki Kanda, Yutaka Kimura, Kenji Tanimoto, Hidehito Fukui, Taichiro Izumi, Tomitaro Harada, and Seigo Ito. "Sprayed and Spin-Coated Multilayer Antireflection Coating Films for Nonvacuum Processed Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3436271.

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Using the simple and cost-effective methods, spin-coated ZrO2-polymer composite/spray-deposited TiO2-compact multilayer antireflection coating film was introduced. With a single TiO2-compact film on the surface of a crystalline silicon wafer, 5.3% average reflectance (the reflectance average between the wavelengths of 300 nm and 1100 nm) was observed. Reflectance decreased further down to 3.3% after forming spin-coated ZrO2on the spray-deposited TiO2-compact film. Silicon solar cells were fabricated using CZ-Si p-type wafers in three sets: (1) without antireflection coating (ARC) layer, (2) with TiO2-compact ARC film, and (3) with ZrO2-polymer composite/TiO2-compact multilayer ARC film. Conversion efficiency of the cells improved by a factor of 0.8% (from 15.19% to 15.88%) owing to the multilayer ARC.Jscwas improved further by 2 mA cm−2(from 35.3 mA cm−2to 37.2 mA cm−2) when compared with a single TiO2-compact ARC.

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Lee, Jun, Yoshihiro Sugi, Nam Jo Jeong, Gon Seo, and Sung June Cho. "Novel Preparation of Nano-Sized TiO₂ and ZrO₂ Particles by Nanocasting with Nanoporous SiO₂ and Selective Dissolution." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.643.

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High surface area and uniform nano-sized TiO2 and ZrO2 were prepared readily by the infiltration of metal alkoxides into the nanoporous SiO2, SBA-15 and the following selective dissolution of SiO2. The obtained particles of TiO2 and ZrO2, 8.1 nm were nanocrystalline of which the structure were anatase and tetragonal, respectively. The surface area and pore volume of the nanocrystalline metal oxides can be increased to above 200 m2g-1 and 0.30 cm3g-1, respectively.

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Kanno, Y. "Discussion on the double oxides formation in the systems of ZrO2-SiO2, ZrO2-TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2." Journal of Materials Science Letters 9, no. 7 (July 1990): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00720150.

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Gjorgievska, Elizabeta, John W. Nicholson, Dragana Gabrić, Zeynep Asli Guclu, Ivana Miletić, and Nichola J. Coleman. "Assessment of the Impact of the Addition of Nanoparticles on the Properties of Glass–Ionomer Cements." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020276.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of incorporation of Al2O3, ZrO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles into glass–ionomer cements (GICs). Two different GICs were used in the study. Four groups were prepared for each material: the control group (without nanoparticles) and three groups modified by the incorporation of nanoparticles at 2, 5 or 10 wt %, respectively. Cements were mixed and placed in moulds (4 mm × 6 mm); after setting, the samples were stored in saline (one day and one week). Compressive strengths were measured and the morphology of the fractured surfaces was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The elements released into the storage solutions were determined by Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Addition of nanoparticles was found to alter the appearance of cements as examined by scanning electron microscopy. Compressive strength increased with the addition of ZrO2 and especially TiO2 nanoparticles, whereas the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles generally weakened the cements. The ion release profile of the modified cements was the same in all cases. The addition of Al2O3, ZrO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles into GICs is beneficial, since it leads to reduction of the microscopic voids in the set cement. Of these, the use of ZrO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles also led to increased compressive strength. Nanoparticles did not release detectable levels of ions (Al, Zr or Ti), which makes them suitable for clinical use.

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Grams, Jacek, Jacek Góralski, Joanna Kleczewska, Bożena Szczepaniak, and Tadeusz Paryjczak. "ToF-SIMS studies of the surface of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst used in the hydrodechlorination process." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0060-5.

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Abstract:

ToF-SIMS studies of the surface of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst used in the hydrodechlorination process Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used in order to obtain the information about the surface composition of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst and to estimate the changes in the concentration of particular components on its surface during the hydrodechlorination of CCl4. The results demonstrated that the hydrodechlorination process led to the increase in the concentration of chlorine and the drop in the amount of surface accessible palladium, while the quantity of Pd-Cl bounds did not change considerably. It suggested that the presence of ZrO2 protected the surface of the studied catalyst against the formation of PdCl2.

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