Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zuccheri'
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Tedeschi, Silvia <1994>. "Studio degli amminoacidi e degli zuccheri nelle diverse frazioni dell’aerosol artico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15221.
Full textGARUFI, ALESSANDRA. "Interazione tra le proteine 14-3-3 e l'H+-ATPasi di membrana plasmatica: ruolo delle poliammine e via di trasduzione indotta dagli zuccheri." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/531.
Full textCADAMURO, FRANCESCA. "Generation of functionalised biomaterial for biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/402442.
Full textThe production of artificial 3D biological tissues requires that specific cells are hosted by a synthetic scaffold mimicking at the best the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue, containing specific bioactive signaling molecules, which play an important role in the cellular homeostasis. The more closely a 3D in vitro ECM model replicates those conditions, the more closely the cells inside will replicate the behaviours and responses of cells in vivo. Indeed, the cell microenvironment is tissue and organ specific and play a fundamental role in cell growth, cell differentiation and communication, and is involved in pathogenesis. Aim of the PhD project is the design, the synthesis, the characterization and crosslinking of biocompatible polymers employable as cell-specific matrix for the development of 3D tissue in vitro models useful for drug and new therapies validation. To this purpose chemoselective reactions have been investigated to functionalize and crosslink polymeric biomaterials in order to generate suitable “bioinks” for 3D bioprinting of artificial ECM. Considering the relevant role of glycans as signalling molecules in ECM, able to also induce pathological event, we decided to generate artificial ECMs covalently conjugated with different, properly selected glycans. In this thesis three different synthetic approaches are described to generate tissue models with different characteristics: (i) glycol-conjugate hydrogel obtained by the crosslinking of glyco-gelatins and hyaluronic acid via strain – promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC); (ii) elastin – hyaluronic acid crosslinked via Michael addition reaction; (iii) alginate – gelatin hydrogel obtained by dual static-dynamic crosslinking (via HRP and boronic acid). The glycoconjugate hydrogels have been tested as colon cancer in vitro tissue model in collaboration with San Gerardo Hospital (Monza, Italy) and as gastric cancer in vitro tissue model in collaboration with i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (Porto, Portugal), in the laboratory of Prof. Celso Reis.
BOZKIR, EDA. "Genotypic variation of French bean yield and quality." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274908.
Full textFrench beans are the fresh pods of Phaseolus vulgaris, which is an important crop both for agriculture, breeding, and nutritional studies. Aim of this research was to evaluate the genotypic differences among various green bean genotypes in terms of Brix, acidity, and pH. Three experiments were performed in the greenhouse and field conditions. In the literature, the protocols related to the sugar analysis in green beans are a few and not always applicable mainly due to the pod structure of green beans (less water, more fiber). Thus, the 1st experiment in the greenhouse was dedicated to find the most suitable method for green bean analysis. The 2nd small-scale greenhouse experiment served to evaluate the genotypic differences, and the yield traits of green beans. In the 3rd experiment, the genotypes were treated with/without the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the possible effects of AMF were evaluated. Finally, a systematic mapping of the resistant starch content of legumes, beans and green beans was conducted, to underline the health benefits and technological properties of RS. Fresh green beans contained higher levels of malic acid than frozen ones. Sugar content was high and variable among the genotypes, and more in fresh samples than frozen ones. The results of the 1st greenhouse experiment showed that the yield and number of the pods were changing by the genotype x time interaction. However, the mean pod weight was strongly controlled by the genotype. In the field experiment, AMF didn’t affect the sugar content and pod weight of the genotypes studied. In terms of pH and malic acid content, there were significant differences among the genotypes; the string beans (Striga genotype) had the highest malic acid content and had lower pH than all others. As a conclusion, for all the parameters studied in the greenhouse and field; especially the pod size and acidity seem to be strongly under genotypic control. The other parameters were highly variable among genotypes. The sugar contents are similar, but the acidity and pH levels seemed to shape the taste of green beans. Resistant starch content of green beans can additionally be included in future breeding studies to understand its effect on the taste and yield characteristics.
Florez, Koechlin Renzo, Avila Linda Geraldine Laura, Chavez Marco Alonso Montano, Beltran María Fe Raffo, and De Andrea Rafaella Nunzia Sueyras. "Keto Bites: Zucchini Chips." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651769.
Full textCurrently, the snack market in Peru moves $150 million annually. A small segment in this market is represented by healthy snacks, which are growing rapidly in recent years. According to a study by the consulting firm AiniaForward, 50% of consumers say that their consumption of healthy snacks has increased due to a growing concern for their health, increased offer of products of this type, greater convenience and changes in habits consumption. However, almost 60% of the consumers consulted declare that they would improve upon the current snacks, promoting, above all, the natural factor. Given this context, it is appropriate to point out our objective with this project, which is precisely to meet the needs of the market for healthy products. Our business proposal focuses on the development and launch of healthy snacks to the Lima market through eco stores, eco fairs and digital media. Our product is made out of dehydrated zucchini, low in carbohydrates and calories that provide the properties of a ketogenic diet, with the immediacy of consumption and convenience of a snack. A ketogenic diet is effective for rapid weight loss, and it even has a positive effective for people suffering from diabetes as it helps with insulin reduction. It is estimated that the market size for Keto Bites is 69,518 inhabitants, which represents a market size of s/. 63’623,040. Finally, the sales estimates over the three year of operation is S/. 756,623. It will have a financial value of S/.95,887 and a return on investment in less than 1 years.
Trabajo de investigación
DI, SANTI GIANCARLO. "La Fabbrica dello zucchero nella terra del tamburo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/365.
Full textThis thesis is about the "End of the World" begun with the colonization of Burkina Faso by white-western civilization. The impact of colonization was not only political and economical, instead it strongly influenced the sphere of social relations and affected the balance with the other ethnic groups. This produced a new elaboration of the whole Turka civilization. The thesis is divided in three chapters: the first chapter contains the transcription of the interviews, the main documental base of the research; the second chapter analyzes the crisis of the traditional culture; the third chapter focuses on the present world of the village, describing the encounter and confrontation between traditional culture and modernity. We thought it was indispensable to write a historical introduction in order to give a solid background to the ethnograpic approach and link it to geographical, political and economic problems already existing in the area. A short methodologic foreword intends to give account to the multidisciplinarity of the PhD program.
Turrini, Stefano. "Cotone, zucchero, alfalfa. Il grande progetto tra sviluppo e "sradicamento" territoriale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427303.
Full textThroughout the twentieth century, the attempts of the Sudanese state to strengthen its sovereignty were achieved through the establishment of large-scale agricultural projects in the drylands of the Country, which are located along the Nile and its tributaries. At the time of the establishment of the projects, these areas characterised by agropastoral activities lost their socioenvironmental complexity, becoming simplified spaces as dictated by planned agriculture. The case of Gezira, a cotton monoculture imposed by the British, clarify how the state has been able to consolidate its territorial control by deleting previous local dynamics and setting up new ones, functional to the exercise of its power. In the post-colonial era, the Sudanese state was able to reinforce its control on the territory by prosecuting in the implementation of agricultural projects, thanks to the substantial financial support from the Gulf countries: the project of the Kenana Sugar Company is the most important example in this phase. On the contrary, today, the state is engaged in a process of territorial denationalization. It acts as a company that offers national resources (land and water) to non-national authorities: the projects in northern and central Sudan, aimed at the production of fodder, are the spatial manifestation of this recent trend.
Cesari, Giulia. "Potenziale applicativo di lieviti ad uso enologico isolati da fermentazioni spontanee." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textLangrock, Roland [Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini, Iain L. [Akademischer Betreuer] Macdonald, and Tatyana [Akademischer Betreuer] Krivobokova. "On some special-purpose hidden Markov models / Roland Langrock. Gutachter: Walter Zucchini ; Iain L. MacDonald ; Tatyana Krivobokova. Betreuer: Walter Zucchini." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043666923/34.
Full textLandau, Katja [Verfasser], Walter Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini, Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Klasen, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kneib. "Messung der Vulnerabilität der Armut - Eine statistische Analyse mit deutschen Paneldaten / Katja Landau. Gutachter: Walter Zucchini ; Stephan Klasen ; Thomas Kneib. Betreuer: Walter Zucchini." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/104473647X/34.
Full textKhidr, Yehia. "Development of a strategy to induce RNA-silencing in squash against virus diseases by genetic transformation." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-1963.
Full textKao, Ta-Chao [Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Sperlich, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Benner. "Contributions to statistical modelling of high-frequency financial data with applications to Frankfurt Stock Exchange / Ta-Chao Kao. Gutachter: Walter Zucchini ; Stefan Sperlich ; Wolfgang Benner. Betreuer: Walter Zucchini." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043999329/34.
Full textZECCA, RAÙL. "“MASTICA Y TRAGA”. Donne, famiglia e amore tra le piantagioni di canna da zucchero della Repubblica Dominicana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/273421.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis is the result of an ethnographic survey conducted in the Dominican Republic from November 2017 to March 2018 and subsequently from May to August 2018 in the rural community of Las Pajas, a settlement whose origins are historically attributable to the development of modern sugar industry. The research aims to illustrate from an ethnographic point of view the way and the forms in which are expressed particular oppression devices found in the community and directly referable to a long-term structural violence that relies on socially and politically constructed axes of race, class and gender over time. The focus of the survey, in particular, is on the most intimate aspects of female affectivity and relatedness, and explores representations and emic practices related to sensitive issues such as family, education, love and prostitution. Starting from this gender perspective, I investigated the lives of women in the Las Pajas community trying to interpret their discrimination and conflicts in the light of a dialectical tension that identifies them, on the one hand, as victims of an oppressive socio-economic system of patriarchal type and, on the other hand, as consciously active subjects, constantly committed to building and claiming spaces of autonomy and freedom for the benefit of their children's future. Finally, the broader and more ambitious objective of this work is to offer, from an intersectional gender perspective, an updated ethnographic contribution to a long-standing anthropological debate that focuses on the Caribbean region, understood as a "socio-cultural area" (Mintz, 1965) - a veritable "open frontier for anthropology" (Trouillot, 1992) - and theme of the multiple transformations that plantation societies have faced over time, moving from the colonial slavery to the capitalist system and global neoliberal. In this sense, the family institution, in its various expressions and facets, with particular regard to its matrifocal structure, which finds a privileged observatory in women and in the female condition, has represented and continues to represent a very significant indicator for exploring these transformations; transformations that, far from being confined to the world of the Caribbean and plantation societies, by virtue of the global processes of globalization and transculturation that are affecting the contemporary world, today seem to anticipate universal trends that concern us very closely.
Souza, Amanda Rodrigues de. "A interação Wolbachia - Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-18102011-163626/.
Full textWolbachia is a common a-proteobacterium in insects, wich is transmitted transovarially. This symbiont is known for its ability to explore the reproductive system of their hosts through severa 1 alterations that lead to cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytoky, feminization and death of males, to favour its own spread in the host population. In Hymenoptera and other haplodiploid insects, males are produced ITom non- fertilized eggs, but when infected by a strain of Wolbachia that induces thelytoky, only females will be produced. Trichograrnrna are eggs parasitoids that are widely used in augmentative biological control and are commonly associated with Wolbachia. In Brazil, Trichograrnrna galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) stands out as the main parasitoid of eggs of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and a number of initiatives for their use in applied biological control programs of this pest. The importance of T galloi as a natural enemy of D. saccharalis and the alterations Wolbachia may induce on the reproduction and fitness of their hosts, require for studies on the association Wolbachia - T galloi. The association of Wolbachia with T galloi was evaluated in two samples of natural populations of D. saccharalis, one ITom Iracemápolis and another ITom Lençóis Paulista. Egg masses collected ITom both populations indicated the occurrence of 15% and 33% oi females infected by Wolbachia, respectively, ITom Iracemápolis and Lençóis Paulista. However, the emergence of males ITom both populations indicated the infection was not fixed. Wolbachia-infected (W) or Wolbachia-cured (W) sister lines of T galloi were produced ITom specimens ITom the population of Lençóis Paulista to carry further on this association. Comparative biological studies and the sensitivity to short-term heat stress between W and W. sister lines was assessed to check for the effects of Wolbachia on T galloi. Biological comparative analysis indicated that the elimination of Wolbachia enhanced adult longevity and the number of parasitoids developing per host egg, but no effect on life time fecundity or sex ratio was observed. W and W. females had a decreased longevity as the exposure to the heat shock increased, but W females lived much shorter than the W. ones. Females fecundity was also affected by the prolonged (6 h) exposure to a high temperature, regardless their infection status
Rich, Heather. "NITROGEN FERTILITY MANAGEMENT IN NO-TILLAGE CUCUMBERS AND SQUASH." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1152.
Full textFrank, Daniel L. "Evaluation of living and synthetic mulches in zucchini for control of homopteran pests." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007240.
Full textDesbiez, Cécile. "Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (zymv) : etude de la variabilite et des interactions entre souches." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112103.
Full textSaita, Alessandro Attilio. "Caratterizzazione agronomica e fisiologica di genotipi di sorgo zuccherino per la produzione di bioetanolo." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1034.
Full textFernandes, Carlos Newdmar Vieira. "Blades of irrigation, dosage and forms of nitrogen application and potassium in culture of zucchini." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14244.
Full textAimed to evaluate: the effects of irrigation levels and nitrogen and potassium applied conventionally and fertigation on zucchini. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Meteorological Station of the Federal University of CearÃ, Fortaleza, CearÃ. The irrigation system used in the conduct of experiments was dripping type. The design used in Experiment I (Blades irrigation) was a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo, mm day-1) based on Penman-Monteith ETo. For Experiments II and III (doses and forms of nitrogen application and potassium, respectively) the experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, in a factorial design (4x2). The treatments were: TF0 and TC0 = Control (without application of the nutrient); TF50 = 50% of the recommended dose applied by fertigation; TC50 = 50% of the recommended dose applied in a conventional manner; TF100 = 100% of the recommended dose applied by fertigation; TC100 = 100% of the recommended dose applied in a conventional manner; TF200 = 200% of the recommended dose applied by fertigation and TC200 = 200% of the recommended dose applied conventionally. Plants were harvested at 35 DAP and was completed after 66 DAP. The following variables were analyzed: fruit mass (FM), number of fruits (NF), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), pulp thickness (PT), soluble solids (SS) and productivity (PROD), assessing water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen (NUE) and potassium (KUE). Also, the economic analysis using indicators was taken: net present value (NPV); internal rate of return (IRR) and period "payback" (PP). It was also performed the NAV calculation for each month of the year. In experiment I, the different blades statistically influenced the FM, NF and the PROD zucchini, being quadratic polynomial behavior for the three variables with the estimated maximum productivity in 24,808 kg ha-1, with the blade of 567 mm corresponding to 159% of ETo Penman-Monteith. In Experiment II, there was no significant effect with fertilization methods. Already, the nitrogen levels significantly influenced the FM, FD and PROD, and the FM and FD presented quadratic polynomial behavior while PROD had better fit for the growing linear regression, with the highest value estimated at 27,302 kg ha-1, the highest dose tested (280 kg ha-1 N). The interaction between the forms of fertilization and N rates was only observed for the FM variable. In Experiment III, did not show any significant effect of fertilization methods. The potassium levels significantly influenced the FM, FD, PT and PROD. For FM, there was a quadratic response, while for the other variables the linear adjustment was growing, most PROD being estimated at 36,828 kg ha-1 on the higher dose of potassium applied (300 kg ha-1). The interaction between the application forms and the potassium levels was not significant variables evaluated. The WUE decreased linearly with increasing applied blade, with the highest value of 64 kg mm-1, for 30% of ETo. Already, at doses of nutrients tested, the efficiency increased linearly with increasing nitrogen and potassium dosage. The highest efficiency was obtained with the highest dose tested of N and K2O, 68 mm-1 kg ha-1 at a dose of 280 kg ha-1 of N and 92 kg ha-1 mm-1 with K2O 300 kg ha-1 K2O. NUE and KUE have quadratic behavior. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 N provided the maximum NUE (55 kg ha-1 / kg ha-1). For potassium, the dose of 174 kg ha-1 K2O provided the highest KUE (87.41 kg ha-1 / kg ha-1). The economic analysis indicated that irrigation with 30% of ETo Penman-Monteith (186 mm) is uneconomical for the producer, and the other treatments of irrigation levels and nitrogen and potassium economically viable. The months of May, April, December and November had the highest NPV values.
Objetivou-se avaliar: os efeitos de lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo e de doses de nitrogÃnio e de potÃssio aplicadas de forma convencional e por fertirrigaÃÃo na cultura da abobrinha. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Ãrea experimental da EstaÃÃo MeteorolÃgica da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Fortaleza, CearÃ. O sistema de irrigaÃÃo utilizado na conduÃÃo dos experimentos foi do tipo gotejamento. O delineamento utilizado no Experimento I (LÃminas de irrigaÃÃo) foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetiÃÃes. Os tratamentos adotados foram: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180% da evapotranspiraÃÃo de referÃncia (ETo, mm dia-1) com base na ETo de Penman-Monteith. Para os Experimentos II e III (Doses e formas de aplicaÃÃo de nitrogÃnio e de potÃssio, respectivamente) o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetiÃÃes, em um esquema fatorial (4x2). Os tratamentos aplicados foram: TF0 e TC0 = Controle (sem aplicaÃÃo do nutriente); TF50 = 50% da dose recomendada aplicada por fertirrigaÃÃo; TC50 = 50% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma convencional; TF100 = 100% da dose recomendada aplicada por fertirrigaÃÃo; TC100 = 100% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma convencional; TF200 = 200% da dose recomendada aplicada por fertirrigaÃÃo e TC200 = 200% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma convencional. A colheita se iniciou no 35 DAP e foi concluÃda aos 66 DAP. Foram analisadas as seguintes variÃveis: massa do fruto (MF), nÃmero de frutos (NF), comprimento do fruto (CF), diÃmetro do fruto (DF), espessura da polpa (EP), sÃlidos solÃveis (SS) e produtividade (PROD), sendo avaliada a eficiÃncia de uso da Ãgua (EUA), do nitrogÃnio (EUN) e do potÃssio (EUK). TambÃm, foi realizada a anÃlise econÃmica por meio dos indicadores: valor presente lÃquido (VPL); taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e perÃodo âpaybackâ (PP). Foi realizado ainda o cÃlculo do VPL para todos os meses do ano. No Experimento I, as diferentes lÃminas influenciaram estatisticamente a MF, o NF e a PROD da abobrinha, tendo sido observado comportamento polinomial quadrÃtico para as trÃs variÃveis com a mÃxima produtividade estimada em 24.808 kg ha-1, com a lÃmina de 567 mm que corresponde a 159% da ETo de Penman-Monteith. No Experimento II, nÃo foi observado efeito significativo com os mÃtodos de adubaÃÃo. JÃ, as doses de nitrogÃnio influenciaram significativamente a MF, o DF e a PROD, tendo a MF e o DF apresentado comportamento polinomial quadrÃtico, enquanto a PROD teve melhor ajuste para a regressÃo linear crescente, sendo o maior valor estimado em 27.302 kg ha-1, com a maior dose testada (280 kg ha-1 de N). A interaÃÃo entre as formas de adubaÃÃo e as doses de N sà foi observada para a variÃvel MF. No Experimento III, tambÃm nÃo se observou efeito significativo para os mÃtodos de adubaÃÃo. As doses de potÃssio influenciaram significativamente a MF, o DF, a EP e a PROD. Para a MF, observou-se resposta quadrÃtica, enquanto que para as demais variÃveis o ajuste foi linear crescente, sendo a maior PROD estimada em 36.828 kg ha-1, relativa à maior dose de potÃssio aplicada (300 kg ha-1). A interaÃÃo entre as formas de aplicaÃÃo e as doses de potÃssio nÃo foi significativa nas variÃveis avaliadas. A EUA apresentou comportamento linear decrescente com o aumento da lÃmina aplicada, sendo o maior valor de 64 kg mm-1, para 30% da ETo. JÃ, para as doses dos nutrientes testados, a eficiÃncia cresceu linearmente com o aumento da dose de nitrogÃnio e potÃssio. As maiores eficiÃncias foram obtidas com as maiores doses testadas de N e K2O, sendo 68 kg ha-1 mm-1 com a dose de 280 kg ha-1 de N, e de 92 kg ha-1 mm-1 ocom a dose de 300 kg ha-1 de K2O. A EUN e a EUK apresentam comportamento quadrÃtico. A dose de 160 kg ha-1 de N proporcionou a EUN mÃxima (55 kg ha-1 / kg ha-1). Para o potÃssio, a dose de 174 kg ha-1 de K2O proporcionou a EUK mÃxima (87,41 kg ha-1 / kg ha-1). A anÃlise econÃmica indicou que apenas a irrigaÃÃo com 30% da ETo de Penman-Monteith (186 mm) à inviÃvel economicamente para o produtor, sendo os demais tratamentos de lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo e as doses de nitrogÃnio e de potÃssio economicamente viÃveis. Os meses de maio, abril, dezembro e novembro apresentaram os maiores valores de VPL.
Lohaus, Ingrid. "Galleria Rucellai : der Freskenzyklus von Jacopo Zucchi im Palazzo Ruspoli in Rom /." Baden-Baden : Deutscher Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783868880021.
Full textLamanna, Francesca [Verfasser], Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Klasen, Carola [Akademischer Betreuer] Grün, and Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini. "Development and Gender Inequality / Francesca Lamanna. Gutachter: Stephan Klasen ; Carola Grün ; Walter Zucchini. Betreuer: Stephan Klasen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043666850/34.
Full textMacrelli, Stefano. "Produzione di bioetanolo da scarti lignocellulosici della canna da zucchero: condizioni di saccarificazione e fermentazione simultanee (SSF) e aspetti ambientali del processo." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/55/.
Full textWassano, Débora Targino. "Identificação de marcadores ligados a genes de resistência à multiplicação de Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) em meloeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-20032014-170310/.
Full textViruses cause major damage to cucurbits due to the severity of the symptoms and because there are no curative methods of control. Among the viruses that infect muskmelon, ZYMV is one of the most severe and frequent. PI414723 is the only source of resistance to this pathogen, being resistant to the pathotype 0. Resistance is conferred by a single dominant gene, Zym-1, but there are reports on the existence of at least two others (Zym-2 and Zym-3). To date, only Zym-1 was located on a linkage map but there is evidence that Zym-2 is linked to the microsatellite marker CMCT134b. The objective of this study was to identify markers linked to Zym-2 from linkage analysis between microsatellite loci and resistance to the virus in F2 populations derived from the cross PI414723 x \' Védrantais \'. The inoculum was isolated from a commercial field and characterized as to its aggressiveness, pathotype and transmissibility by aphids. Plants were inoculated mechanically and resistance was evaluated by measuring the viral titer by PTA- ELISA. The distribution of viral titers was not normal and showed tendency for low values, indicating the presence of at least one dominant gene of large effect. The linkage of Zym-1 to CMAG36 was confirmed by linear regression. Plants homozygous for the \'Vedrantais\' marker allele on this locus were genotyped with microsatellite markers linked to CMCT134b and the linkage of these with Zym-2 were tested by simple linear regression. The analyses indicated a significant association between viral titers and genotypes at the CMBR55 and CMGA172 marker loci. Regions of linkage groups II and X were constructed with five markers each in order to locate Zym-1 and Zym-2 by the Multiple Intervals Mapping approach (MIM). Linkage between Zym-1 and CMAG36 was confirmed at an estimated distance of 3.4 cM (LOD = 33.32 ), as expected, while Zym-2 was found linked to CMBR55 at an estimated distance of 3.9 cM (LOD = 17.45). Epistasis between Zym-1 and Zym-2 was found (LOD=12.73), indicating that the phenotype of plants homozygous for \'Vedrantais\' marker allele in CMAG36 depended on their genotype in CMBR55. A second F2 population derived from the same cross was phenotyped for resistance to ZYMV and genotyped with the same markers in order to validate the results. The linkage of Zym-1 to CMAG36 was validated, but the same did not occur with Zym-2. This results probably from the fact that Zym-2 presented minor phenotypic effects which are harder to detect due to environmental variations. In addition, the use of few markers probably contributed to this result as well, since the number of markers influences the power to detect quantitative loci. Besides providing further evidences of the existence of a second resistance gene in PI414723, this study also detected epistatic effects between them. Notwithstanding, it is concluded that resistant cultivars can be developed from PI414723 solely based on the selection assisted with CMAG36.
Giampan, José Segundo. "Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV): detecção, avaliação de danos em abobrinha de moita e reação de espécies de cucurbitáceas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-18102007-090656/.
Full textZucchini lethal chlorosis virus is a specie of the Genus Tospovirus, transmitted by thrips (Frankliniella zucchini), which infects some species of the family Cucurbitaceae. The occurrence of this Tospovirus has already been reported for several Brazilian states and its incidence in cucurbit crops has increased in the last years in some regions. Considering the importance of this Tospovirus for cucurbit crops, very little is known about the damage caused by this virus and the reaction of the different species of cucurbits to infection. This work aimed: to study the efficiency of the RT-PCR for the fast and specific detection of ZLCV, to evaluate the damage caused by this virus on zucchini squash under field condition and the reaction of seven species/varieties of cucurbits to infection with this Tospovirus. The detection of ZLCV by RT-PCR was studied using a pair of primers designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the SRNA of ZLCV (AF067069). Four other Tospovirus species (TSWV, TCSV, GRSV and CSNV) and other virus that infect cucurbits (mild strain PRSV-W-1, wild strain PRSV-WC, mild strain ZYMV-M, wild strain ZYMV-Atibaia and CMV) were included in this test. The RT-PCR reaction generated a fragment of approximately 350 bp, only amplified from total RNA extracted from plant infected with ZLCV. The sequence of this fragment presented 98.2 % identity with the corresponding nucleotide sequence of the S-RNA of ZLCV deposited in the GenBank. The damage caused by ZLCV on zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta) was evaluated under field condition. Zucchini squash plants were weekly monitored for the presence of characteristic symptoms induced by ZLCV and PTA-ELISA for virus indexing. Plants were grouped based on the time the symptoms were first seen. Fruits harvested from each plant within each group were classified on marketable (M) and non-marketable (NM) based on the phenotype. Plants that did not show symptoms by the end of the crop were considered still healthy and their yield was used as control. Zucchini squash plants that showed symptoms of ZLCV infection up to 23 days after emergency (DAE) did not yield any fruit. Marketable fruits were first harvested only from plants that showed symptoms 42 DAE. However, the yield of marketable fruits was reduced by 78.5 %, as compared to that from asymptomatic plants. Plants that showed symptoms 55 DAE showed a reduction on the yield of marketable fruit of 9.6%. The reaction of seven species/varieties of cucurbits to infection with ZLCV was evaluated under field and greenhouse conditions. In the field experiment, ZLCV infection occurred naturally. In the greenhouse, plants were twice mechanically inoculated with ZLCV at the cotyledonal stage. Evaluations were based on symptoms expression and PTA-ELISA. Zucchini squash 'Caserta' and hybrid squash 'Takaiama' were highly susceptible. The cucumber 'Safira' presented low percentage of infected plants in the field and intermediate in the greenhouse. Watermelon 'Crimson Sweet', northern gherkin, long neck squash 'Menina Brasileira' and winter squash 'Alice' presented lower values of infected plants. Winter squash 'Exposição' was highly resistant to infection under field and greenhouse conditions.
Ohlmer, Ulrike Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini, and Fred [Akademischer Betreuer] [Böker. "Ein stochastisches Modell zur Beschreibung stündlichen Niederschlages : Ein Beitrag zur stadtökologischen Forschung / Ulrike Ohlmer. Gutachter: Fred Böker. Betreuer: Walter Zucchini." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 1999. http://d-nb.info/1045437719/34.
Full textAraújo, Fernanda Ferreira de. "Alterações pós-colheita e resposta ao etileno em frutos de abobrinha Menina Brasileira." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4635.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
In the Cucurbitaceae family are inserted pumpkins and squash of the genus Cucurbita. The squash can be eaten in the mature or immature. In immature form, the fruit is called zucchini or summer squash being consumed that way in Brazil, the fruits of the species Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata. The respiration is the primary physiological process that continues to occur after harvest. This study aimed to analyze the behavior post-harvest of summer squash 'Menina Brasileira' and determine the level of sensitivity in response to application of doses of ethylene. To analyze the post-harvest behavior, the fruits were picked, selected and placed individually in 3 liter bottles, hermetically sealed for air accumulation. Samples of the air contained within the vials were removed and injected into a gas chromatograph for analysis of ethylene and CO 2 . Then the fruits were removed from the bottles to the following assessments: fresh weight loss, acidity, soluble solids, content of chlorophyll, sugar and starch contents. The sensitivity of the fruit to ethylene was evaluated at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μL L -1 of ethylene. Reviews of loss of weight, sugar and starch contents, content of chlorophyll, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage were performed. The highest rates of production of CO 2 and ethylene were detected immediately after harvest, possibly due to stress caused by the harvesting and transportation of fruits. On the fourth day evaluation noted shriveling and wrinkling of the tissues caused by high water loss. Occurred decline of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and starch, and increased non- reducing sugars during the storage time. The fruits of summer squash 'Menina Brasileira' present median sensitivity to ethylene. Ethylene did not stimulate the fresh weight loss by fruits. Fruits were small changes in the attributes of internal quality, but changes occurred in the external appearance, with decreased chlorophyll content and epicarp viiidamage due to loss of cell membrane integrity characterized by increased MDA content and electrolyte leakage.
Na família Cucurbitaceae estão inseridas as abóboras e morangas pertencentes ao gênero Cucurbita. As abóboras podem ser consumidas na forma madura ou imatura. Na forma imatura, o fruto é denominado abobrinha sendo consumidos dessa forma, no Brasil, frutos das espécies Cucurbita pepo e Cucurbita moschata. Este trabalho teve por objetivos analisar o comportamento pós-colheita de frutos da abobrinha Menina Brasileira e determinar o nível de sensibilidade em resposta à aplicação de doses de etileno. Para analisar o comportamento pós-colheita, os frutos foram colhidos, selecionados e colocados, individualmente, em frascos de 3 litros, hermeticamente fechados para acúmulo de ar. As amostras do ar contido dentro dos frascos foram retiradas e injetadas em cromatógrafo gasoso, para análise de etileno e CO2. Em seguida, os frutos foram retirados dos frascos para as seguintes avaliações: a perda de massa fresca, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, conteúdo de clorofila, teores de açúcares solúveis totais, açúcar redutor, açúcar não redutor e amido. A sensibilidade dos frutos ao etileno exógeno foi avaliada nas concentrações 0,1; 1; 10; 100 e 1000 μL L-1 de etileno. Foram realizadas avaliações de perda de massa fresca, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcar redutor, açúcar não redutor, teor de amido, teor de clorofila, conteúdo de malonaldeído (MDA) e extravasamento de eletrólitos. Em relação ao comportamento pós-colheita, as maiores taxas de produção de CO2 e etileno foram detectadas imediatamente após a colheita, possivelmente devido ao estresse causado pela colheita e transporte dos frutos. No quarto dia de avaliação foi notado murchamento e o enrugamento dos tecidos, causado pela elevada perda de água. Ocorreu declínio dos açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores e teor de amido, e aumento dos açúcares não redutores ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Os frutos da abobrinha Menina Brasileira apresentam sensibilidade mediana ao etileno exógeno. A aplicação de etileno não estimulou a perda de massa de matéria fresca pelos frutos. Os frutos sofreram pequenas alterações nos atributos de qualidade interna, porém ocorreram mudanças no aspecto externo, com diminuição do teor de clorofila e injúria por danos à membrana celular caracterizada pelo aumento de MDA e extravasamento de eletrólitos. Essas alterações foram maiores com o aumento da dose etileno.
Lohmann, Tiago Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Interações da proteína Vip3Aa20, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) e seus parasitóides, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) e Trichogramma galloi Zucchi." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91374.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da proteína Vip3Aa20, originária da bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, sobre a broca-do-colmo Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) e dois de seus parasitóides: o parasitóide larval Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) e o parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma galloi Zucchi. D. saccharalis mostrou-se suscetível à proteína, apresentando efeitos letais e subletais. Foram afetadas pela proteína as características mortalidade larval, duração do período larval, número de ínstares larvais e peso de larvas, enquanto que a mortalidade pupal e a duração do período pupal não foram afetadas e o peso de pupas apresentou resultados divergentes entre os bioensaios conduzidos. Para os parasitóides, avaliaram-se os efeitos da exposição direta (ingestão da proteína pelos adultos) e indireta (ingestão da proteína por D. saccharalis e posterior parasitismo). Em C. flavipes, não foram observados efeitos pela exposição direta, enquanto que na exposição indireta ocorreu efeito negativo sobre as características peso da massa de casulos e peso do adulto. Estes efeitos podem ser associados ao efeito mediado pelo hospedeiro. Em T. galloi, não foram observados efeitos da proteína Vip3Aa20 sobre os parasitóides, tanto na exposição direta como na indireta
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vip3Aa20 protein, originating from the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner bacterium, on sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) and two of its parasitoids: larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) and egg parasitoid Trichogramma galloi Zucchi. D. saccharalis was susceptible to protein, with lethal and sublethal effects. Larval mortality, larval period, number of instars and larval weight were affected by the protein, while pupal mortality and pupal period were not affected and pupal weight presented discrepant results between bioassays conducted. For the parasitoids, direct (protein ingested by adults) and indirect (protein ingested by sugarcane borer with later parasitism) exposure were evaluated. In C. flavipes, no effects were observed by direct exposure, while in indirect exposure negative effects occurred on the cocoons weight and adult weight. These effects may be associated with the effect mediated by the host. No effects were verified on T. galloi when this species was direct or indirectly exposed to Vip3Aa20 protein
Lohmann, Tiago Rodrigo. "Interações da proteína Vip3Aa20, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) e seus parasitóides, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) e Trichogramma galloi Zucchi /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91374.
Full textBanca: Celso Omoto
Banca: Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk
Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da proteína Vip3Aa20, originária da bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, sobre a broca-do-colmo Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) e dois de seus parasitóides: o parasitóide larval Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) e o parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma galloi Zucchi. D. saccharalis mostrou-se suscetível à proteína, apresentando efeitos letais e subletais. Foram afetadas pela proteína as características mortalidade larval, duração do período larval, número de ínstares larvais e peso de larvas, enquanto que a mortalidade pupal e a duração do período pupal não foram afetadas e o peso de pupas apresentou resultados divergentes entre os bioensaios conduzidos. Para os parasitóides, avaliaram-se os efeitos da exposição direta (ingestão da proteína pelos adultos) e indireta (ingestão da proteína por D. saccharalis e posterior parasitismo). Em C. flavipes, não foram observados efeitos pela exposição direta, enquanto que na exposição indireta ocorreu efeito negativo sobre as características peso da massa de casulos e peso do adulto. Estes efeitos podem ser associados ao efeito mediado pelo hospedeiro. Em T. galloi, não foram observados efeitos da proteína Vip3Aa20 sobre os parasitóides, tanto na exposição direta como na indireta
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vip3Aa20 protein, originating from the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner bacterium, on sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) and two of its parasitoids: larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) and egg parasitoid Trichogramma galloi Zucchi. D. saccharalis was susceptible to protein, with lethal and sublethal effects. Larval mortality, larval period, number of instars and larval weight were affected by the protein, while pupal mortality and pupal period were not affected and pupal weight presented discrepant results between bioassays conducted. For the parasitoids, direct (protein ingested by adults) and indirect (protein ingested by sugarcane borer with later parasitism) exposure were evaluated. In C. flavipes, no effects were observed by direct exposure, while in indirect exposure negative effects occurred on the cocoons weight and adult weight. These effects may be associated with the effect mediated by the host. No effects were verified on T. galloi when this species was direct or indirectly exposed to Vip3Aa20 protein
Mestre
Rabelo, Luiz Cláudio. "Seleção de estirpe fraca do Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Vírus (ZYMV) e controle dos mosaicos comum (Papaya ringspot vírus) e amarelo (ZYMV) por dupla premunização em abobrinha-de-moita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-18102002-170255/.
Full textDue to the present high incidence of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and the damage it causes to cucurbit crops, studies were carried out to select mild strains of the virus and evaluate their efficiency for the control of the disease by cross protection in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Caserta). Studies were also done to evaluate the efficiency of double cross protection for the control of ZYMV and Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W) in zucchini squash under greenhouse and field conditions. Searching for mild strains was carried out as follows: a) from local lesions caused by ZYMV on indicator hosts maintained under green house conditions; b) from local lesions caused on indicator hosts maintained at 15 °C; and c) from local lesions caused on indicator hosts inoculated with suspension of purified ZYMV, exposed to ultra-violet light. Only one very mild strain of the virus, named ZYMV-M, was obtained in zucchini squash plant directly inoculated with suspension of purified ZYMV exposed to ultra-violet light for 30 minutes. This mild strain remained stable for a period of 15 months, after 12 successive transfers in zucchini squash plants. Experiments carried out under greenhouse showed that zucchini squash plants protected with ZYMV-M, at the cotyledonal stage, did not show severe symptoms of the disease after double challenge inoculation with severe strains of the virus, obtained from three regions of the State of São Paulo. Plants inoculated with the mild strain ZYMV-M and a mild strain of PRSV-W, named PRSV-W-1, were also protected against superinfection with severe strains of both viruses. Field test carried out with zucchini squash protected with ZYMV-M and doubly protected with ZYMV-M and PRSV-W-1, showed that this technology was effective for the control of the mosaic diseases caused by severe strains of these viruses. The yield of marketable fruits from plants protected with ZYMV-M, or doubly protected, were 1.85 kg and 1.70 kg of fruits/plant, respectively. These yields were, respectively, 101 % and 85 % higher than the yield of marketable fruits from plants inoculated with a mixture of severe strains of both viruses. Studies are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of double cross protection for the control of ZYMV and PRSV-W in other cucurbit species susceptible to these viruses.
Scholz, Michael [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Sperlich, Xiaohua [Akademischer Betreuer] Yu, and Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini. "Semiparametric Structure Guided by Prior Knowledge with Applications in Economics / Michael Scholz. Gutachter: Stefan Sperlich ; Xiaohua Yu ; Walter Zucchini. Betreuer: Stefan Sperlich." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043667024/34.
Full textStipp, Liliane Cristina Liborio. "Transformação genética de abobrinha-de-moita e melancia para resistência ao Papaya ringspot virus - type Watermelon e ao Zucchini yellow mosaic virus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-30092009-110219/.
Full textDiseases caused by the potyviruses Papaya ringspot virus - type Watermelon (PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) significantly reduce the yield and fruit quality of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), as well as other cucurbit crops in Brazil. The purpose of this work was to obtain zucchini squash and watermelon transgenic plants resistant to PRSV-W and ZYMV. An efficient in vitro regeneration system which can be associated with the protocol is necessary to obtain transgenic plants. In vitro organogenesis system was successfully developed using comprised of distal region of hypocotyl and the base of cotyledon of a germinated seed. The explants were cultured in MS medium (MURASHIGE; SKOOG, 1962), supplemented with different concentraction of BAP (benzylaminopurine). The induction of adventitious buds was more efficient at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.25 mg.L-1 BAP. This protocol was used to regenerate plants from genetic transformation experiments with zucchini squash cv. Caserta and watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For transformation, the binary vector pCAMBIA 2201, containing sequences of the coat protein coding regions of ZYMV and PRSV-W in a hairpin construct and the nptII gene, driven by 35S promoter was used. After 2 days of co-culture in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg.L-1), explants were transferred to the MS selection culture medium, supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg.L-1), timentin (400 mg.L-1) and kanamycin (100 mg.L-1), and incubated for 3 to 4 weeks at 27 oC, under 16 h photoperiod. Regenerated plants were analyzed by PCR, using specific pairs of primers for the detection of the coat protein gene segments of PRSV-W and ZYMV. A total of 1,050 zucchini squash and 973 watermelon explants were used in the transformation experiments, resulting in 36 and 59 PCR positive plants, respectively. The genetic transformation efficiency was 3.4% for zucchini squash and 6.1% for watermelon. The PCR positive plants were slowly acclimatized in the culture room and transferred to the greenhouse for further growth. Southern blot analysis confirmed the genome integration of the the ZYMV and PRSV-W coat protein gene fragments in three zucchini squash plants which survived the acclimatization step. Later in development, female flowers were were manually pollinated and seeds were collected from mature fruits. R1 transgenic zucchini squash and watermelon plants were inoculated with PRSV-W and ZYMV by means of viruliferous Myzus nicotianae. Resistant plants were not yet observed among the R1 plants available
Almeida, L?cia Maria de. "Distribui??o di?ria do comportamento da mosca da fruta Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, (Diptera: Tephritidae) em laborat?rio." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17198.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The knowledge of Anastrepha zenildae behavioral aspects combined with the biology of Tephritidae may contribute to monitoring and control programs of this fruit fly that is considered as economically important to the Rio Grande do Norte state. In order to characterize the daily activity profile of this species, we studied the behaviors of resting, locomotion, feeding, cleaning, courtship, copulation and oviposition of animals submitted to an artificial 12:12h light-dark cycle (750:1lux) with controlled temperature (26?2 ?C). The observations were made with groups of 16 males and 16 females during 3 consecutive days each generation from parental to F5. Resting, locomotion, feeding and cleaning data were recorded as frequency and time of occurrence by scanning technique in 15 minutes windows per hour, with a record each minute. Courtship, copulation and oviposition were recorded as frequency, time of occurrence and duration by al occurrences technique. Resting was the most frequent behavior with males resting more than females. Locomotion was more evident in the first half of the ligh phase with higher values in females. Cleaning and feeding behaviors were more frequent in the second half of the light phase for both sexes with females eating more frequently than males. During the courtship, males were grouped in lek formations showing wings vibration and pheromone liberation. Courtship occurred more frequently 4 to 7 h after lights on (81,9%) with copulations being more frequent 6 h after lights on with a mean duration of 58,1?40,4 min. Copulation attempts were observed in males inside and outside the lek with aggressive behavior being observed only between males in the lek. Oviposition behavior was similar to that described for other species of the genus with a peak of this activity 2-3 h after the lights on, mean duration of 43, 7?34, 8 sec and 2 to 5 eggs by event. According to the results, sexual behavior of A. zenildae is temporally different of other sympatric species of the genus, being favorable to the reproductive isolation as well as the use of resources as oviposition substrate.
O estudo dos aspectos comportamentais de Anastrepha zenildae associados aos aspectos da biologia geral dos tefrit?deos, pode favorecer os programas de monitoramento e controle dessa mosca-da-fruta de import?ncia econ?mica e bastante presente no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para caracterizar o perfil da atividade di?ria de A. zenildae foram estudados os comportamentos de descanso, locomo??o, alimenta??o, limpeza, corte, c?pula e oviposi??o de animais mantidos em ciclo claro/escuro 12:12h (750:<1 lux), com temperatura controlada (26?2 ?C). As observa??es foram feitas em grupos de 16 machos e 16 f?meas por gera??o (parental a F5) durante tr?s dias consecutivos para cada gera??o, sendo registrado freq??ncia e hor?rio de ocorr?ncia utilizando t?cnica varredura, em janelas de 15 minutos a cada hora com registro a cada minuto. Os comportamentos de corte, c?pula e oviposi??o foram observados pela t?cnica de todas as ocorr?ncias , registrando-se freq??ncia, hor?rio e dura??o. O descanso foi mais freq?ente e os machos descansaram mais que as f?meas. A locomo??o foi mais evidente na primeira metade da fase de claro e as f?meas se locomoveram mais que os machos. Os comportamentos de limpeza e alimenta??o foram mais freq?entes na segunda metade da fase de claro em ambos os sexos, com as f?meas alimentando-se mais que os machos. Os machos agruparam-se em leks com comportamento de corte caracterizado pela vibra??o de asa e libera??o de ferom?nio. A corte ocorreu com maior freq??ncia 4 a 7 horas ap?s o acender das luzes (81,9%) e a c?pula 6 horas ap?s acender das luzes. O tempo m?dio de c?pula foi de 58,1?40,4 min, com tentativas de c?pula dentro e fora do lek e comportamento agressivo entre os machos no lek. O comportamento de oviposi??o foi similar ao descrito para outras esp?cies do g?nero, com pico entre 2 e 3 horas ap?s o acender das luzes e dura??o m?dia de 43,7?34,8 segundos e tamanho da postura variando de 2 a 5 ovos. De acordo com resultados, o comportamento sexual em A. zenildae difere temporalmente de outras esp?cies simp?tricas do g?nero, favorecendo o isolamento reprodutivo, bem como a utiliza??o de recursos como substrato para oviposi??o.
Pinto, Zayame Vegette. "Efeito da origem dos isolados do Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) e da presença de dois Potyvirus na transmissão do CMV para abobrinha de moita por meio de duas espécies de afídeos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-21052004-140518/.
Full textThe cucurbits in Brazil can be infected by different viruses, such as Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W); Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The first two belong to the genus Potyvirus and in general they occur more frequently than CMV, which is a species of the genus Cucumovirus. The two potyviruses and the cucumovirus are transmitted by means of aphids in a non persistent way. The main objective of this work was to obtain subsidies that can explain the lower incidence of CMV in cucurbit species, studying: (a) the interference of the potyviruses PRSV-W and ZYMV in the transmission of CMV by means of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae to zucchini squash plants (Cucurbita pepo 'Caserta') and (b) the effect of isolates of CMV from passion flower (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon (Cucumis melo) and Commelina virginica in the infectividade of zucchini squash plants through the transmission by aphids. To evaluate the possible interference of the potyvirus in the transmission of CMV, zucchini squash plants were inoculated with aphids that acquired each one of the viruses separately; CMV simultaneously with each one of the potyvirus; one of the potyvirus follow by CMV and vice-versa. The results showed that the transmission of PRSV-W, ZYMV and CMV separately was more efficient than in mixture. The potyviruses in general were more efficiently transmitted by both species of aphids than CMV. When in mixture (simultaneous or sequential acquisition), there was a reduction in the rate of transmission of CMV as well as that of the potyvirus present in the mixture. The evaluation on the effect of the origin of the isolate of CMV in the infectivity of zucchini squash showed that only the isolate from bell pepper did not infected the plants when inoculated by means of A. gossypii and M. persicae. This isolate also did not infecte zucchini squash when inoculated mechanically. The others isolate infected zucchini squash when transmitted by both species of aphids. Analysis of the capsidial protein of the different isolates of CMV indicated that all presented the same mobility in SDS-PAGE. The origin of the isolate of CMV, the efficiency of the species of aphid and the interference of the potyviruses PRSV-W and ZYMV on its transmission can partly explain the lower incidence of this cucumovirus in cucurbits species in Brazil.
Adler, Daniel Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini, Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kneib, and Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Damm. "Dynamic Language Bindings for C Libraries with emphasis on their application to R / Daniel Adler. Gutachter: Thomas Kneib ; Carsten Damm. Betreuer: Walter Zucchini." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044770716/34.
Full textZanetti, Francesco. "Indagine delle proprietà statistiche di serie temporali di posizione applicata al caso della stazione permanente GPS della base Mario Zucchelli in Terra Vittoria (Antartide)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/74/.
Full textCosta, Caroline Rabelo. "Efeito da aplicação de inseticida na epidemiologia da clorose letal das Cucurbitáceas (Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus - ZLCV) em abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-26042013-163604/.
Full textManagement of virus diseases is often accomplished with insecticide spray to vector control. For pathosystem Frankliniella zucchini / Cucurbita pepo / Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) there are no information about the efficiency of disease control by mean of vector chemical control. This research was proposed to fill this gap and, additionally, to better understand the epidemiology of the disease in its temporal and spatial aspects. Experiments were conducted at the experimental station of the Plant Pathology Department of ESA Luiz de Queiroz from March 2010 to December 2011. Fields of zucchini plants were divided into parcels, with and without insecticide application (Imidacloprid). Disease assessments were made based on disease symptoms at intervals of three to four days and confirmed by ELISA test. Lethal Chlorosis presented incidences of 11.58% and 52.55% in parcels with insecticide and of 21.36% and 69.89% in parcels without insecticide, for years 2010 and 2011, respectively. In all cases, the monomolecular model fitted better temporal data and symptomatic plants were distributed at random. These results suggest that primary dissemination is the predominant process in the epidemiology of the disease. Primary dissemination, in this case, is represented by the influx of viruliferous vectors from outside the field. The small effect caused by the use of insecticide is linked to the control of secondary dissemination inside the field. To manage rationally Letal Chlorosis it is important to identify the alternative hosts of virus and to determine its epidemiological relevance. Only to spray insecticide is not an efficient way for disease control in this case.
Bibiano, Líllian Beatriz Januario. "Análise de ligação do gene de resistência Zym-2 com marcadores microssatélites e reação de acessos de meloeiro ao Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-27062016-102923/.
Full textViruses cause significant losses in the melon crop. Among these, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is of great importance and is ubiquitous in cucurbit crops. The control of this virus through genetic resistance is the most efficient management strategy. PI414723 is the only source of resistance to ZYMV in melon. This resistance is oligogenic and is supposed to be conditioned by three dominant genes: Zym-1, Zym-2 and Zym-3. While the chromosomal location of Zym-1 gene has been determined to be close to the CMAG36 marker in linkage group 2, the location of Zym-2 still lacks experimental confirmation, although there is some preliminary evidence that it is located in the linkage group 10 (LGX). Thus, one objective of this study was to confirm the chromosomal location of Zym-2 through linkage analysis with microsatellite markers (SSRs). To this, F2 plants population derived from the cross PI414723 x \'Védrantais\' were used as a segregating population. The plants were mechanically inoculated twice with isolate RN6-F, pathotype 0, at an interval of 24h. Confirmation of the infection and the quantification of viral titers in F2 plants were conducted using the PTA-ELISA technique. Plant genomic DNA was extracted from the first true leaf and used in PCR reactions using specific primers for selected SSRs belonging to LGX. An asymmetric distribution of absorbance classes was observed as well as a higher frequency of F2 individuals in the classes with lower values (0.1 to 0.2), confirming the presence of the major gene Zym-1. The chi-square test showed that all markers segregated according to the expected frequency (1: 2: 1), except for the CMCT134b marker. Linkage analysis among markers showed that the orders and distances between markers were consistent with published linkage maps. Linkage of Zym-2 to the markers was investigated by simple linear regression. Of the analyzed markers, the linear regression was significant for MU6549 and CMBR55, with p-values of 0.011 and 0.0054, respectively. Thus, the location of Zym-2 was determined in LGX. A second objective of the study was to evaluate the reaction to ZYMV of 42 melon accessions from the Northeastern Brazil, in order to discover new sources of resistance. For this, two experiments were conducted using the same inoculation and evaluation procedures previously described. The mean viral titer between accessions ranged from 0.123 to 0.621 in experiment 1 and between 0.019 to 0.368 in the experiment 2. Some accessions consistently showed low viral titers, similar to the resistant access PI414723 and the negative controls (non-inoculated plants of the cultivar \'Védrantais\'). Therefore, these accessions are potential sources of resistance to be employed in breeding programs.
Santos, Vanessa Cícera dos. "Caracterização da resistência da moranga (Cucurbita maxima) ´Exposição` ao Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) e da não interferência de dois potyvirus na resistência das plantas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-20032012-100711/.
Full textThe occurrence of lethal chlorosis in the past years, caused by Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV), has become common in cucurbit crops, which concerns producers in terms of yield losses. Due to the lack of information about this virus disease, only few prophylactic precautions have been recommended in order to minimize the occurrence of the disease. The genetic resistance, either via conventional means or via transgenesis, is considered the most efficient way so far to control virus diseases. With that in mind, the present work aimed to characterize the genetic resistance of winter squash Exposição against ZLCV in order to generate important information for cucurbit breeding programs, as well as to investigate the potential effect of Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in winter squash Exposição resistance against ZLCV. The ZLCV infection and its systemic mobility inside the plant were evaluated by PTA-ELISA, RT-PCR, tissue printing and biological recovery test. The results have shown that ZLCV can be detected at the infection spot, but was not detected beyond the inoculation point. These results suggest that winter squah Exposição is resistant to long-distance systemic invasion of ZLCV. In order to verify the potential interference of the potyviruses on the winter squash Exposição resistance against ZLCV, experiments were carried out into greenhouse, where the viruses were inoculated together into testing plants, and also in field trials, where the potyviruses were pre-inoculated and the infection by ZLCV naturally occurred by the vector. Interference of potyviruses on the winter squash resistance was not observed via the investigation methods presented.
Dai, Jing [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Sperlich, Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zucchini, and Inmaculada [Akademischer Betreuer] Martínez-Zarzoso. "Simple Solutions to hard Problems in the Estimation and Prediction of Welfare Distributions / Jing Dai. Gutachter: Stefan Sperlich ; Walter Zucchini ; Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso. Betreuer: Stefan Sperlich." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1044051507/34.
Full textFreitas, Debora Maria Sansini. "Novas observações sobre a proteção com estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus - type W e do Zucchini yellow mosaic virus em plantas de abobrinha-de-moita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-17082007-095734/.
Full textPapaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are two potyviruses associated with severe yield losses on cucurbit crops in the State of São Paulo and other parts of the Brazilian territory. Preimmunization with mild strains has proved to be a good alternative for the control of both viruses in susceptible cultivars. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the competition for infectable sites as a possible mechanism of cross protection between the mild strain PRSV-W-1 and the severe strain PRSV-W-C in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta). Protective inoculation with the mild strain was done at the cotyledon and the challenge inoculation with the severe strain was applied on the first true expanded leaf, and viceversa. Different plants were challenged at three, six and nine days, respectively. No challenge protected plants and healthy plants infected with the severe strain were used as controls. Evaluations were based on the expression of the symptoms at 30 days after challenge inoculation. Attempts to recover the challenge strain from challenge inoculated and new developed leaves were also done at eight days after challenge inoculation. RT-PCR with specific pairs of primers was also used to detect both stains in some of these samples. Regardless the leaf on which the protective strain was applied (cotyledon or first true expanded leaf) there appear to be some infectable sites available for superinfection with the severe strain. When the challenge inoculation was done at three days after preimmunization, the severe strain was able to superinfect some plants, move systemically and overcome the mild strain, since these plants expressed severe symptoms. All plants become protected against the expression of the symptoms induced by the severe strain when the challenge inoculation was done at six and nine days after preimmunization. However, the severe strain was still detected in the inoculated and upper leaves of few test-plants, eight days after challenge inoculation. In addition to this, it was also determined the period of time necessary to protect zucchini squash plants with a mild strain of ZYMV, named ZYMV-M, alone and in mixture with mild strain PRSV-W-1. The results indicated that single and double preimmunized plants were protected against infection and/or expression of the homologous severe strain seven days after protective inoculation.
Pistocchi, Filippo. "Bridge per la ricerca anagrafica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textMcFarland, Michael C. "Developing Integrated Pest Management Tactics for Squash Vine Borer." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148367777901955.
Full textMorandin, Matteo. "Synthesis of Energy Intensive Industrial Processes: Methodological Aspects and a Case Study of a Sugarcane Conversion Plant." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421553.
Full textL'argomento del presente lavoro è la sintesi degli impianti industriali ad alta intensità energetica. Gli obiettivi sono quello di discutere le metodologie già documentate in letteratura e di proporre una nuova procedura organizzata per la generazione e la modifica delle alternative di sistema. Il problema di sintesi consiste nella definizione del tipo e del numero di componenti di un sistema, le loro connessioni materiali e i loro parametri di funzionamento. La procedura di sintesi qui proposta inizia con la definizione di una Basic Plant Configuration la quale consiste nella rappresentazione schematica di un'idea originale del sistema, comprendente tutte i componenti responsabili delle trasformazioni chimiche e meccaniche delle materie prime. La rete degli scambiatori di calore responsabile per il trasferimento di calore tra i flussi freddi e caldi del sistema non risulta pertanto compresa nella Basic Plant Configuration e la fattibilità fisica dello scambio termico è verificata applicando le regole della Pinch Analysis. Questo è anche l'approccio di molti studi pubblicati in letteratura in materia di process integration, alcuni dei quali sono presentati nel Capitolo 2. Nello stesso capitolo si affronta il problema della sintesi dei sistemi di cogenerazione. Questo sottoproblema del problema di sintesi del sito industriale totale può essere risolto seguendo diverse procedure sistematiche proposte in letteratura. I sistemi di cogenerazione sono in realtà un modo economicamente efficace per soddisfare localmente la domanda dei processi produttivi di calore e di elettricità a condizione che siano ottimamente dimensionati. Ciò può essere fatto applicando delle procedure di ottimizzazione che fanno uso di calcolatore. Una particolare attenzione viene data in questo lavoro alla formulazione della sintesi delle reti di vapore come un problema di programmazione mista intera lineare di su una sovrastruttura di rete di vapore. Questo e altri metodi proposti in letteratura per la sintesi di sistemi energetici vengono confrontati evidenziando potenzialità, debolezze e possibili criteri comuni. La sintesi di un impianto di trasformazione della canna da zucchero è studiato nei Capitoli 3 e 4. In particolare, nel Capitolo 3, si applica la procedura organizzata per la generazione e la modifica di alternative processo e si discutono le configurazioni di processo per la produzione di zucchero ed etanolo anche in modalità combinata. Ogni configurazione dell'impianto è ottimizzata al fine di ridurre al minimo la richiesta termica del processo. I principali parametri strutturali e di design soggetti all'ottimizzazione sono quelli del evaporatore multi effetto e del sottoprocesso di distillazione dell'etanolo. Nel capitolo 4 si studia la sintesi di un sistema di cogenerazione alimentato con il sottoprodotto bagassa e si valuta il potenziale di produzione di energia elettrica netta da vendere ad un eventuale mercato elettrico considerando due opzioni per la conversione della bagassa: combustione e gassificazione. Il processo per la produzione combinata di zucchero e di etanolo e il sistema di cogenerazione sono ottimizzati simultaneamente. In particolare una procedura di ottimizzazione a due livelli viene applicata in questo caso. Secondo questa procedura la struttura e la portate di massa della rete di vapore sono ottimizzate in un'iterazione interna, dove la fattibilità fisica dello scambio termico è fissata come vincolo secondo le regole della Pinch Analysis. In un'iterazione esterna di ottimizzazione invece tutti i parametri intensivi sono ottimizzati per mezzo di un ottimizzatore basato su un algoritmo genetico.
Geremias, Leandro Delalibera. "Exigências térmicas e danos de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em milho e base para seu controle com Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-26082013-143612/.
Full textThe sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has become an important pest of corn in Brazil, with reports of outbreaks in many parts of the country in recent years. In view of this situation, this study aimed to: (a) determine the thermal limits of D. saccharalis; (b) determine the thermal constants (K) for the egg stage and caterpillar-pupa period estimated in field conditions, taking into consideration the microclimate conditions; (c) evaluate the damage and consequent production losses caused by infestation at different larval densities of D. saccharalis at two phenological stages of corn; and (d) determine the dispersal radius and area of Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in corn, aiming to control D. saccharalis. The results showed that the lower threshold temperature (Tt) of D. saccharalis was 14, 13 and 12 ºC for the egg, larval and pupal stages, respectively. Optimal temperature ranges (Topt), estimated experimentally, were 30 to 32 ºC for the egg and larval stages and 28 to 30 ºC for the pupal stage. The upper threshold temperature (Tmax) was 35.4 ºC for the larval stage estimated by the Logan-6 model. This was within the thermal range determined experimentally, which also indicated the thermal range for Tmax of 36 to 38 ºC for the egg stage and 32 to 34 ºC for the pupal stage. Larval hatching and adult emergence (caterpillar-pupa period) in the field can be predicted with thermal constants (K) obtained in the laboratory (76.5 degree-days) (DD) for the egg stage and 476.2 DD for the caterpillar-pupa period), provided that temperature data obtained from the automatic station and microclimate data for the egg stage and caterpillar-pupa period, respectively, are used. The damage caused by D. saccharalis was independent of the phenological stage of the corn plants, but the reduction in grain production was proportional to the number of larvae per plant used in the infestation, with reductions of 11, 17, 28 and 39% for 50, 100, 150 and 200 caterpillars per plant. The dispersal radius of T. galloi was 11.8 and 12.1 m, and the dispersal area was 176 m2 and 187 m2 with corn plants in the V4-6 and V6-8 stages, respectively.
Jamoos, Rana [Verfasser], and Goetz [Akademischer Betreuer] Reustle. "Analysis of the interaction between the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and the plant RNA methyltransferase Hua enhancer 1 (HEN1) / Rana Jamoos. Betreuer: Goetz Reustle." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027354203/34.
Full textMoreira, Alécio Souza. "Epidemiologia comparativa de três viroses em abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-08022011-092407/.
Full textThe zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, has a good share of world and brazilian output. However, as in every plants of economically important, cucurbits have problems caused by different etiological agents. In the Brazilian production of zucchini squash, already confirmed the presence of 8 viruses, including the potyviruses PRSV-W (Papaya ringspot virus-type W) and ZYMV (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus) and the tospovirus ZLCV (Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus) have been considered the most important viruses by the predominance in several cucurbits producing regions in the Brazil and the considerable damage on production. Whereas the most of the existing epidemiological studies about these three viruses are few and fragmented, it is clear that there are no studies that deal together all the epidemiological parameters of such viruses. The objectives of this work were to study the temporal and spatial progress of these three viruses and the relation between the epidemiology of these viruses in the same field of zucchini squash in addition to better understand the lethal chlorosis pathosystem (caused by ZLCV). Trials were carried out with zucchini squash \'Caserta in the experimental fields of the Departments of Plant Pathology and Nematology (DPP) and Department of Genetics (DGN) at Esalq/USP. The firsts were conducted in 2009 simultaneously in DPP and DGN to study the epidemiology of lethal chlorosis only and to study the population dynamic of thrips Frankliniella zucchini, the vector of this virus. In 2010 three experiments were carried out in different growing seasons in order to compare the epidemiology of the lethal chlorosis, yellow mosaic and common mosaic caused by ZLCV, PRSV-W and ZYMV, respectively. In the experiments with the lethal chlorosis in 2009, the monomolecular model was the best fit to the incidence data and spatial analysis indicated aggregation of the disease at the end of both experiments. In three experiments carried out in 2010, variations in incidence, in the fit of the model and in the spatial distribution of each virus were frequents. For lethal chlorosis, the monomolecular model provided a better fit only in the 3rd growing season. In the first and second growing seasons Gompertz model had the best coefficient of determination. In the spatial distribution, aggregation of disease was detected at the end of the crop cycle again. For yellow mosaic, the models that best fit in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd planting dates were the logistic and monomolecular (this in the last two) respectively. The spatial pattern of this disease were randomly when the disease incidence was low and aggregated when the disease incidence was high. The common mosaic had the lowest incidence in all three seasons. The logistic model was the best fit in all growing seasons and the disease showed a spatial random distribuctions in all experiments. The thrips vector of ZLCV prefer symptomatic plants and good correlations between the number of insects collected with the incidence of lethal chlorosis was found.
Bertin, Aline. "Mudanças genéticas e fenotípicas associadas à criação de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) nos hospedeiros natural e alternativo e os efeitos da hibridização intraespecífica no seu fitness." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-19042016-120039/.
Full textThe rearing of natural enemies in laboratory conditions can result in drastic genetic and phenotypic changes due to natural selection, inbreeding, and genetic drift. These changes may affect population fitness and reduce the adaptive potential in natural conditions. Moreover, rearing on alternative hosts may compromise field efficiency. Few studies have focused in strategies to minimize these effects in laboratory conditions. Quantify the genetic variation in biological traits can help estimate the adaptive response to rearing conditions in addition to provide important information for the improvement of biological control agents. Intraspecific hybridization, that is, the crossing between different populations may also be an important and effective method to increase fitness, since it introduces genetic variation able to recover the fitness of populations under laboratory for a long time. Thus, the aims of this work were to: study the genetic and phenotypic changes in laboratory populations of Trichogramma galloi on the natural and alternative host, investigate the heritability of fundamental traits to parasitoid success and identify the effects of intraspecific hybridization in populations already established in the laboratory. The results showed that longevity, emergence rate and the number of parasitoids per host egg increased between generations for the population maintained on the natural host, which corresponds to adaptation signs to the rearing conditions. However, the population reared on the alternative host had a reduction in fecundity and emergence rate when exposed to the natural host, indicating that there is a fitness cost associated with the utilization of a new host. It was possible to verify the existence of significant genetic variance in fecundity. On average, 46% of the observed phenotypic variance was determined by the additive genetic variance, with the remaining 54% due to environmental variance and dominant genetic components. In the intraspecific crosses there were no cases of heterosis, however, the recovery of fitness was observed in hybrids obtained from the population with lower performance. In summary, (i) it was possible to detect signs of adaptation to the rearing conditions in the population maintained on the natural host and a reduction in the efficiency on the target pest over the generations in the population reared on the alternative host; (ii) there was significant genetic variation in fecundity of the population studied and (iii) intraspecific hybridization proved to be effective to mitigate the effects of inbreeding depression in one of the populations of T. galloi studied.
Serafini, Elia. "Villa Aldini al Monte. Architettura, storia e strategie di recupero di un edificio simbolo della collina bolognese." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textGeremias, Leandro Delalibera. "Seleção de linhagens e efeito da temperatura e do alimento no desempenho de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) para o controle de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em milho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-10022009-155814/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to provide information aiming to control Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) in corn with the egg parasitoid Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988. Studies realized on the parasitoid included strain selection; effect of abiotic factors (temperature and food) on biological parameters and parasitism as well as oviposition behavior of D. saccharalis in corn. Strain selection was conducted at a temperature of 25 and 30°C and the effect of temper ature on longevity and parasitism capacity was studied at 15 temperature conditions (in the range of 10 to 38°C). The effect of four types of food sources was evaluated on longevity and parasitism capacity. The oviposition behavior of D. saccharalis was observed in two levels of infestation (two and ten couples per plant). It was verified that the strain G16080 was more suitable for release with the aim to control D. saccharalis based on the parasitism capacity and duration of the life cycle and having equivalent performance at a temperature range of 25 to 30°C. The highest rate of parasitism by the T. galloi strain G16080 occurred between 20 and 28°C, althoug h there was parasitism in all other temperature ranges of 10 to 38ºC. There was no correlation between longevity and parasitism, with concentration of this parasitism when the insect lived less. The presence of the host interfered with longevity of the T. galloi strain G16080. Considering parasitism, pure honey and the pollen solution are more suitable as food for T. galloi strain G16080. With or without the host, honey + pollen was the food that produced the highest longevity for T. galloi strain G16080. Irrespective of the population level of D. saccharalis, there was a clear preference for oviposition on the stem in relation to 45 day old corn leaves that could define sampling and the form of release of the parasitoid.
Spadotti, David Marques de Almeida. "Caracterização biológica, sorológica e molecular de isolados brasileiros do vírus do mosaico amarelo da abobrinha." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-21122012-112251/.
Full textZucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is probably one of the most dynamics and economically important emerging plant viruses. Since it was first report in Italy and France in 1973 and 1979, respectively, ZYMV has been found in over than 50 countries ranging from tropical to temperate climate conditions in all continents, except in Antartida. In Brazil this potyvirus was first reported in the beginning of 90´s in São Paulo and Santa Catarina States, and then in Ceará, Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, Pará, Mato Grosso do Sul and Maranhão states. Probably it occurs in all Brazilian states which grow cucurbit species. Although ZYMV occurs in Brazil for more than 20 years, there is little information about the biological, serological and molecular characteristics for the isolates found in the country. The purpose of this work was to cover partially this gap to provide subsidies for genetic breeding programs. Eleven isolates collected in several Brazilian states were used. The biological characterization consisted in the study of the reaction of several vegetal species mechanically inoculated with the virus. The serological characterization consisted in the identification of the molecular weight of the coat protein through western blot analysis. The molecular characterization was done by the analyses of nucleotides and deduced amino acids sequences for the coat protein gene. The host reaction showed slight variation according to the virus. RFLP analyses showed that restriction enzyme HpaII allowed differentiate the mild ZYMV-M isolate from the majority of severe isolates. The coat protein molecular weight for all studied isolates was about 36 KDa, typical of the coat protein of this potyvirus. The nucleotide identity of the coat protein gene among the ZYMV Brazilian isolates ranged from 93% to 100%, and the deduced amino acids sequences ranged from 97% to 100%. Compared to corresponding sequences of ZYMV isolates from different geographical locations the nucleotide sequences identity ranged from 82% to 99%, while the deduced amino acids sequences ranged from 87% to 99%. Phylogenetic analysis place the Brazilian isolates of ZYMV into the group A, subdivision I or II, showing some diversity between the isolates. No recombination event was detected in the Brazilian isolates.